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nw {>

p^bx
ngU n T} Y n hA \i nghR }nA nZU cR
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nghR }aU zhZx pY }> {bR |U nI dL }e_U bY R nT U
.n BhI gT ngnf= nY R }x nZU i p=nI b> ngf cU

pY p\gi R nZU = bx |U eU {U |w Y n S]i


.gU gfL n ZU Y T rx{A Y {=
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phew
pnB
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rx{A gfL nZU Y rx{U


n]B neL hdL }ax w
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gH }Y U cx U w}LnZY gaJL }A
d ceU B{x U nY
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ne= gUn= `Zx |U nY }_x gUnY


ed x }cax
beU nhU U }^fx hT
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pS}aY nedT R w }bU nfA Y{bi


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n=nT }nY nedT w @ g@w gdH dL oh>


>nx{>
SU A Y padY nS I nHnfY R qT qhbU

}U R h_x o>nT = d]i Y }^i h]> B Y hU dH


~_fY ph@n_U
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oJneU
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dL hd> hU |w {U LU Y R R nf Y n YngH
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n hI nZU nghR {x hdY pbdbU dH }n_eU >cZY
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:UnU cZU dL ncU |w nY nfL {S

.ng[n[B w nZU pdA}Y nx~Y L hR rx{U {x : dT

dL nbdeU nhUkeU w L rx{dU [Y


w :hmT dT

.nhU R nZU >nL

{x rhA dU Y pS_U nZU fL ex w :qTmT dT

oLn[Y Y pS_U |w }_x nY Un_> dUn= nZU pSL L hR rx{U

.cZY

gfU }hh`U phdeL


R nZU L hR {i
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.ngJ}I w phde_U |w ~nT L

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phL}ZU
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ng]

{x phLne@ nS_U nZU :f_= w :mT dT

n=n= g>nSL eeU nf= }nH Y nZU > L hR rx{U

a`i nghR {x nY nZU UnY dL \U hd> Y ngY


.px{U Lne@ U nH nehH U nH L rx{U

hR nfi nhU }Y nZU fL ex w :<mT dT


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nehH niU pfUn= hew }aU }eU gdU phL}ZY rUn=


.phL}ZU
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.ncU n= _= pd dL hbde= nfx{A i }hB

}]U nZU pUjY hR nf> n nB Y {bL nU R }]B {S


S odQ L R w nZU
ffcU f_U }]U nT}A T
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n[S sgfeU R }S }hacU b_U nT R [aY cZ= >}T
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og ZYT m`h mYT v

mYT mw}X : dT

mYT oc@|X }gdX

{> padY px}eL A}e= nhi{U nhU pdA R }ex


ni ax
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~ } | { z y x w vu t s r q

.[ :sU]

d_eU Y
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.()nwnS nghw pUgcdU xhA JnZi HneA

:ni ng= }ex


U A}eU n[B nx~Y L nf?{x w }_ZU _= bx ()
Q
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S }h^i L q_R

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Y w L hfx hU
n
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hw
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A ijT }hR n

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n

w
fedU
n

R{

naT {S nY nL h_H =
nbH
nH
>}L

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hdS Si nfegx
{S U nx~eU |w nZU pdA}Y nx~Y w

{fL
R }nA n= nw{i nff cU px}e_U
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phew
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R nghdL x_U }\U Y ng_Y oHnf> nhUkY L{> gR


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.n YeL eeU nxn\S wnxn\S {x

}ZL U {_= {x lR
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T
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U qheT
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hUneeU Y (nxH) nZUn= odA pfx{Y }Q }_eU
R {U }gU YnU }bU }_I Y U =n=

.w pfH Ln]Un= R> w pfH


12

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owgT oRm\T
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b> pY fR H Y {
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U n \x _aUn= = bR bUn= cx w ngbA ki j= cx nw}cI

Y neU pe_fR U qbdB nehR nw}ei j=


U ngbA j= nw}cI cx
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pe_i hTneU }baU

rx{U aR pYnhbU x ngfL }eU jx R pSnJ nZU ne=


mdgQ |dK K :< K iw @ oXmgaT w zK mXzR }= :x}ZU
v me@ K a`h mdgQ S w X TmX K < mdgQ <mH K meQ
neT pYnhbU x n \x kdU Y d_x nY |gR pe_i i ne= .()pgT
S _fU T
L jx
.[ :}?ncU]} | { z y : U n_ > n
pfU n[Y R . i n= oUnJ = oSnfY n[U ()
nehR }eL L :eB L jx A = {fL Y pYnhbU x = nY{S ~> :UnU cZU dL rx{U
|Y}U fH :}^i dL nehR eL nY bai nehR T x Y UnY L = nehR =nI L nfR
.
13

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odgcT |\`T
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{h_= phbi
}]aU }e>
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U|T }eY
b> =nI ni d= hA U ngnbi ngna dL

S R |w .g@> U px}caU
phA}U
n?deU
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Y pehdU phRn[U
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~a Y nZU }i n?deU
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Y Un[Y >nSL pcI pnU
]= _fe> ne=}R LnfS >

U >nLnfS
U }S i rhA nZU nefh= {x{@ R }i hdL w nY }hh`>
U }S phU
n_U L {_= ilR beU Y }hcU {hb>
}]aU
=n {A Qn[U nY niY bx aSY >nhB LnfS x{>
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{[bx) |X {v Q meT
dU :nbR gQ fTA (RqhU w B
14

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fhkQ z@m< bgcK :QnbR hdbU U d_R {bU hdbU gi


T |G
U }H nZUnR ()|gA S
U pehdH g>}]R }hB T
oU
necU U d ]> }hUn= f> gR phU n_U w ng?d>

:bx rhA nZU R pf U yx Zx


phwn_U = nT nfw Y neU
=n[ U } eU
n ZdU nx

n ZU R pf U y

()

aJn_U }caU hHjU pdA}Y w nZU pdA}Y qinT U R


= }bx
fw R qx =nI }` R ni ed _x neR TdU
= HY nY L rx{U R n hZR n hI _\> >}T lR }hcU hdL nY
oT}ed< mS <mH Q c ^= X :PdU H nS :nS R n= L }a_@
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. RncU ()
. inga }aU = inQ ()
.{i}U i L dbi i n= ()
15

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mdT zwz= oc@|X


neU {x{> pdA}Y ngi nZU pdA}Y nx~Y Y pUnU ~heU
pdH p=@ L rdU ~a>
bHn= _I R nZUnR nhU

p_ZY
}J }aY dL bx eT hdL ngai }a> g@> U }h[eU

x}]U {x{U _x hdL n Y~U nT nfw Y I nwn> R = }h>


.(}B nhi{U) x{U n_H U = gfx |U dH

nZeU }]aU na[R ngb=nH L pL}aY


}Y S R w ~heU |w
hU
c> nY I ngi ncR dY bdU pUn p[B ph
cZx

n[Y pd=nbU sfaH p_]b=


neU }c_U neU Y nghdL I T
nghdL bf U pd=nbU n\hU pSUnT Rn[U
bx ngRB dL U T
mX ogTmT mS (aU) zT
ncR
mdh :fL nehR QdL nY
.() T _Yw cR aw R m< =mQ cR H X mfgQ aT

d_x pbeU [U
ncR Y dB
}]aU Y nZU }S

nfbx {bR x{A hH ~heU |w cU


.neU ncR b>

U }H
U nx h`deU nL{U
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i w nZUnR UnH}U T}U e_U R T}I hU |w n\A

. pQU sgi ()
16

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e_i phRn[U }]aU |w R nfY~dx neT .nwneL phYH pT}U


R ni gU peeU phinex phU }hR> dL n`[U nfUnaJ ph=}> nhH R
{x{_U B Y ni~`x |U }B }caU ghU nfbx S gxj> gehd_>
.px{U U n[> nH nw}]B ne= nw}= Y = Y

17

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og`Im^T ~gGm@ R
hHnA S
phaJn_U
w nZU {U nw{ cex U p_=}U ~heU

oU
paJnL }hQ Y }T nZU {U }nA necU neUn= nAnR

d]feU w oU
gx{U \A phini J_U }T Y w n \x

pYL w nZU {U nw\A paJn_U i S


}hh`> {= }hB cU
pbx}]= ngU`H x
{S ngb=nT ~heU |w {h= phRnL hU }hB
paJn_U c> aJL o@e= }>
phY

ni }Y{Y
n J}R pe@
TnZY R ai Sx R >}Y b_U nhS q> px\fY
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p }L }T chH pH{Y }hQ phUn>
SY phUn_ai nR}[>
fL

[L w|Y n> R nggh@> }LnZe= oLU ~= na`HU


.fx{U }]U
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f_U | > U {ZeU


phYH nT}U S R YjeU

B n UnQ nZU Y w nw}R {U {hH }hh`dU ngdhH


n
phaJn_U n? dL e_x |U n]U {bx
rhA paJn_Un= b_U pSL R
|w }R lR |gU paJn_U b_U h= x |U n]U nA dL
gT}x
n=n]U gT}>
}T J_dU }heU phHneU

neY
nLneU
18

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w {ZeU
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_U

i R fL nehR P }T fU U|= }
neT }hcaU b_U _
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X fT
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n> R _U
U bH ni dL paJn_U pdQ :bU n[S

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pY{i pd_U .ncA J R }U
SeU

ngZX hidT cX \X ^T :QdL nY L {S


neU ]S _x
nZU Y }hcU }i nfU .()cv
}nU }eU

phfU w phU c> ngJ}I neT S A}eU }x ngi S


!}hT pcf= pT}U n[> U|U ph_h]U

n_ @ mf`G U n` meG m>z@ :nh= . nU yh ()


gi v|?me@ fhmdw mw n hJ n fA n YT Ubx ow|T
R |gA X Taw b_U
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. LeU cU hL :}^i ()
19

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phHnhU phLne@ }^U Y n ahc>
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d]eUn= ph_SU {ei bi d]eUn= phUneU x{i nfw i


{x{dU _> phUnL pew
}hh`U i ~aY Y c_> ne= phUneUnR

Y {=
d]Y {eY ohJ
I w }hh`U {= i R{>
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U w p=nZU

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nY
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U b> ngilR {h@

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} b>
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.SU }xnY H cU ngU
20

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L {h_= A UnL R h_x nZdU {x}i |U qSU R nfi


> ~gf> U dx SU |gU \x {x}i n \x nfilR SU
{=
dY }hT ^x
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ax }hT c> >nAeJ lR n h_hdJ nT ned T ni >nAeJ


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pfceeU nAnU I R e_U U nx hdL nei neUn= h>jhU U


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o[x nY }aeU }hcU nY }U dL U S U }haA nghR {R
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p`UnY ph_SU >nSnJ >nincY {b> w n h_S c> f_Y


gU R ~ab> ng= Yk> U ph\bU
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21

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oKmYT
w e_U R nZU h@ ~he>
}B ~hY U pbhbU R nibx |w
{_>
pY{bY Y c_> nY afL Y d e> ne= pLnZU .pLnZU
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T
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|w

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Y }hc= w }U }caU pLnI b> nfw Y }U pecU `d>


dex |U w nZU nZU lR |w R .\_U pLnI
U w pLnZU {h@ _x |U w >n_ai ai dL }]hU
p=}U }caU n {x{U }U U ex hdL de>

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:feU oh]U
= nS {S
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i}S aU _J ne=}U

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}Y
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ni Y }I U i

22

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Y d> nR}[> nZU _= nH R di nfi ox}`U


gLnZ= x}B ngx ghU@ ngK gh_H R U p=}Q
x{i \L h\> dL _U {S nR}[U |w Y g>S
U niYgU _= ngfbA p]H= pnB xne> B Y
pe \L dex i nfU nehH x}B ngx pUnY R
niY}gU |w U pRnn= }[U |w dL nf^AY !pUaY
nY{fL nehH nZU p dL phdU
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B L }_x
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I T
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i~= \>
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h Y

d x phnx}U
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pSnhdUn=

}wn^eUn= gU |w hdL }cfi nY cU


()n x}
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|U nhdcZU

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U nU _=
w nZU kw pbhbU }a fY ~bY {A
ph

.=nU eU :}^i ()

23

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{U }U > dL penbU ni phT}= qd B pxnY phTgH pRnb?


n h_hJ ncR q= {@ U ni qUA
}U n[Y dL qde_R
{Un= pxnf_U U n[x }wU nA dL }g^eUn= new U n[x
.}U nA dL

24

mYT mw}X : dT

zaT mYT
pQ}U w nZU {U }nA nw{i }B ~hY pe?
nY U
lR {b>
pbx}J R nw{hdb> n bd B
n TdH ng_Y wneU Y nhU R {bU n> R
heU Y w pQ}U |w ..nw R {U nT}A nd U cU
pUn[U {bU @ .()pUa]U pdA}Y Y nZU U bf> U px}]aU

Y_U Y |R phew pxnQ R }Y ni nhA R


{LneU pegeU

R ph]U
}hU
n[dU YngdH x|g> ZU ph=}> dL
ph[I

e_i {bU ph\b=


f_i nf= }U
Y nT |U . {beU
dL px{=

{Z>
{bU R =|> U }nf_U dL }_i hU |w phfw

pH
dL {Lnx H }Y |w {fL \aeU
dL eU

w nY hi
hU
nfUnH hS e> nfh= Y {S nei }= dL ~hT}> nf=n]B h@>
}hQ }wnK nY nf= H Y nfi
{hdb> }wnK w {h_[U |w dL ph

inT H gU >nTnY YH n\aU nB Y Y}U deU nZU


n inhA }Y bx w}hQ {bU }T L h=}]eU hd eeU Y
n x}cR B c_x ne= wneU {A
U nx = nL {A {fL
Y w px}]aU pL~fU |w n fH }T >B x{U {hdb> i ~fx nh_Un= {wnZY w neT a]U lR ()
.n_R nhI Y }hcU d _U deU pbx}]U w nin= Un_> dU n]U
25

mYT mw}X : dT

}wn^U |w }a>
n Q}R
U nH Y .=nZU hU |w {U n hA

phdH sni }R pY q=n U n\U }bgbU pUnA :ngadB b>


pTY dL H {b= hcZU |Un= pbU {bR nw}= Y }h]B
pRnfeU nhH R {Y
gfU dL >{S {eU p_=nY }[_U
R ng@L |Un= pbU {bR pUjY L haY rx{A >jhH pxn\U
.=}U eU

w}hQ nZU pSL {hI}> } dL {hTjU {h_[U |w dL nfegx


phUnH }nfL Y dex nY B Y = n> dL phfY
cU {bUn=
pS_U ex nY |w p= phdcI
ph[I
pbx}]= = n> hU ph\Y

Y nf_S .pxnhbU Y}U R n`eU x{bU nwnY U ~i Y


H
Y }T w [ZU {h_[U dL Y}U |g= d _U U }Ikx
}wnK nfU }ax
nY |w Y}U nbU kw ngdex U neUn= d _U
cI dL eU
{L Y eHn= f `U R
~Y}U nTnY
.nw{h> SB Y I e> {L ngdex U neU hbUn= ~U
heU {bUn= [ZU
d _U |w w}hQ nZU dL d]eUn= }cfi nfU

.. eHn= f= ex
R}x nY{fL dL eU Y }wn^U wneU U
LnR n Jn> chU U Y eL n Jn> {x}i nff cU
nhA R }h`Y
}? kY

.nZU

26

mYT mw}X : dT

ogZYT
m`h mYT v

ngLn\B x U pY{beU
nx~eU Y }hcU U hfU nce= geU Y

ph= dL }caU nZU > dL n dH }? k> {S ngilR pecU b_dU


S LnZ= o _ eU
nZUnR x}Bn= >nSL dL aSY
pda`U U U R }`H _R{x {S >n\i Une@ R `ZfeU >\L
ZfU w~U Y pUnA h_hR _ nbi Y nghR nY ng[nbi ai L
Y ngcde> nY afUn= o_U _R{x {S ph[ZU R nai pnU
U U~fx }_U }cU }hH bhR n]B nc> U pxhA nSnJ
nedcU SeU n> gU U U nS ne= }Bn= naH
}hY L {bR }cH pUnA ngij= pUnU |w L rxnA _= }L
{S
eT |bG mdT |bG mYT |b G :o^< |b T
me :QhfYkeU
()
pUnA x}hcU {U nbdx (d eU)
nU neU necR cdT |bG
w~U n \x nZdU lR dbL qd I ne= ngAn e_> U ZfU w~U Y
{ba> ni }c> nZU Zi lR hL ni {bax fU neT fhL
ZfU |w Y [x nZdU }\U Y cx nfw Y db_U U
T|eU cU pne_= rx{= }_eU rx{U Y ~@ w P H}U L b_U > ()
nB in_Y {[dU n[U :}^i nZU }cH :{= }ZU }cH w }B n[Y R
.
27

mYT mw}X : dT

pehS x{U bU nH w ni pfx w b_U U fx


pLnU
ox|g> dL n e e_x nZUn= {x pecU L {_> U pLnZdU
.ng>T Y ngKnbx ngA ai

nwnx~Y Z= nghew dL |w nZU pSnJ inA R \x hdL


H ni }eL A}Y Y pdA}Y gR }e> {> nghU nZeU
Y neUnR _> U _

> U gR {bR nY ng>|U \bf> gf>
nZU cU
\x_> cex n \x nU \x_> ncYnR } H d>

}hY L px}eU pedcU fL }L


nY |w _x cU nY \x_> cex
.()ogQm^T mYT :mdvzaQ X mdfc [Q | ^w mgH :QhfYkeU
:}LnZU nS
n Yx _x nZU qhU

.ohZeU
_R ne= }BjR

pdA}eU |w neH U nx |U w y@nfU nZU lR U R


H L rx{U aR R S pxhA n]L }aeU px}e_U

<mY< < R <i< m< cK mw :QhfYkeU }hY n JnY P dU


.()=mdX R =mg@ |aQ R meP daG R X|v R

rx{U nfY{S
nei [n[B nZU nx~Y w {fL p_x}H paS |w qinT
neU ee= n bh? n Jn> ngU nx~eU |w L
ngUnf> hH U pbAU
U phRn[U }]aU Y nZU }S L {beU
rx{UnR ncU |w R

phahT Un_> dU Y nZU pSL Y rUnU eU R UnffH nehR }hcU


nZU ng= nex U pLnZU pxhU
pSn]U afU x|g> dL >{LnY

phdeL R nZU Y =}U eU R UnffH nehR }? keU ngJn> ngU


. LeU cU hL ()
. hbaU }\x Y {[dU n[U ()
28

mYT mw}X : dT

U dL nw}h?j> ngU nZU {U phaJn_U hHnA S


gfU }hh`U
L rx{U Y inU eU R Unf> x
H nehR nw ngU n \x
.ngfL rx{U nfY{S U nx~eU }nH R nU |cw ..nZU nhUkY

gYT odb@ mYT owg@

nZU L rx{U U hfU n \x nf= {x eU |w nB R


gax `fx HnhU Lne@ }hh`U phdeL R w wnx~Y

nx~Y >nh[B cdR


gincY hZU Y nbi i dL j]B

nZddR ahK cU
.>}B ecA zhZdU HneA xhA

q_e@ =}> nZU nhA f`> hZU pecA


nZU pxhA

U nT h_Y
ni dL }IkY
eL n]i R ne^i hZU pecA
ygYT :QhfYkeU }hY L rx{U R {S {H e_U
acx nZUn= }ax |U .>S
()_T z c ? X T

:{d @
n@
{A U hhR >\L b= }`x LnZ=
R{w hb> R nT

ngcdex U pecU p=}UnR n_eU R n[i n`Y U U


Y nw}h`T n \x }U .nZU S Y w nhA ^_Y R w hZU
}U h]Un= nH R nb> = oR \_Un= nb> neL
cU
o_x zhZx {@ lR nin= }e_U {b>
Y i yh .on[U

neT ~x = zhZx dbL


:afU Rn {eA bx ()n @\i
h_U Y {Q }HR

fhfH {_=
A}= }eL

n L}Y T}x h_U U }eL

x}Z_U dL phSn= }U

. pQU sgi ()
. (}U ) }exnw~U }e= }_x nY w pR}_Y pnB ph}Y
nA R ()

29

mYT mw}X : dT

L d x }e_U = {b>
>nhUkY
nin= }ax R |gU

e_U {= nhbU hdL nei {U d_U n]_U e_U L {Lnbx


G F E D C B A phb= }e_U R nY nhi >}B
.[ :nbZi]H

30

hmT dT

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX


ogTjdT mYT :

oQ|^dT c^T A Q mYT :m ghm>


meT |G
d^T :m Tm>

TmG|T d^T Q mYT :m ^<

31

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

nhU |w R nZU >nL dL nbdeU nhUkeU w w nY


L nY
e_U d_U R nZU phUkY

UnH}U e_U R nZU w nY

R n _Y n_fU nfai dL ngA}]i neT nZU dL ngA}]i pdH ngi


:phUnU = nbfU R hU }_i nY |w ngfL yh[U U neU

L nghR rx{U {x phUkeU nZU f_= w :T o\aeT


.nZU S Y ngHneY phahT ng>nY w phUkeU f_Y
\U d i pR}_eU d_U B R nZU f_= w :oghmT o\aeT
d_U phUkY w nZU >nL dL nbdeU U phUkeU dL nghR
.pR}_eU

d]\x {=
U phinU phUkeU L nghR rx{U {x :oTmT o\aeT
.]U nfU naY nLn= e_U phUkY w nZU ng=

nghR {i
UnH}U e_U R nZU f_= w :o^<|T o\aeT

.T}U UnH}U e_U R nZU pegY L


33

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

ogTjdT mYT

{A w nY ngiHnex hT phUkeU nZU h@ gax hT


ng>nY w
phUkeU

ogTjdT f`h gS

h_> cex qijR ni phini L S }h_U w phUkeU


ni~he>
U w phUkeU .~U phUkeU n]i nB pbU hini
~x}`U |w nghdL hde> nY _a> ng>~x}Q ngT}>
U nSdeU }nH L
U jI f[x
H ]fY aR nfw Y
:b> U x
._ZU eU R n@ neT nfU Y nfU ai ai :b>
dL _H }cdU _R{> p]dH nhY qhU phUkeU ?

.~U pinY w nei x}B

mvz@ ogTjdT
mX v mX

:{L
nY ngU n [B nZU n YeL ni phUkY

kY cx :

b_U }x nY c=
pR}_eU d_Un= nghefhR
ai L
34

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

n \x f_> ai L ni phUkY .}U f`x


A@ L hUkY

S kaU eU }[U Y
: U n_ > n

.[ :}H]

kY cx :m ghm>
{bx
wnL}x j= UnaJ h= w >}H L

}B nbI gf x neU |`U gU {bx


neT A}U |`U gU
S nhi{U nfL gf x neT
: U n_ > n

.[ :x}U]
kY cx :m Tm>
nw}hQ wn@ UnY }cR edL >nSnJ L
x ngfL jx H _ i |gR ng_h\x
rh= nSn]U Y
nw{x
S nU
nZU .[ :}?ncU]} | { z y : U n_ > n
.nw}ei ngaKi hT }_i nfhdL U nSn]U w Y w
kY cx :m ^<
{S pedcUnR ngbd]x hT Y }_hR edT L

lR ng= ]f> U nY Sn? R pedcU }>

{S }Y{>
{S f> {S }e_>
< c b= T mX Rm> Q bT :QdL nS ngSn? R } ng= qwa>

|
Q ()R v }= mdS hmT }AmQ Rm> Q | < pdcb= kQ
.()odah pc? od^h pcG odcS
kY cx :m XmA
pYnL ni nxn\S L _eY L Y L
phUkeU A
.g>nin_Y gY nfU ew x {=
deUnR

nH i hef= }hT gx
w }hB T
pnB phew H hUx |w

:gcU w nU dL Un_> nS pTceU p\aU : U


()
.[ :gcU]
. pQU sgi ()
35

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

}x nY U nhR }hh`U i ni R{x eeU ]x


|U
R nfw Y ph[fU U nx Y ph[i n [Sni }x nY ne> {HnR
x X :P dU H _R U
|w dL {hTjU pax}ZU rxnA

.()cd< ~gcQ gdcdT Xi< fw

nT pH pcdY {`hU afU R he_> U nx phUkeU


A

nffh_x j= hU od]U nL{U pUnA R Un_> dU U @U


nce= phew Y

L U phL nf^A {bR nfw Y phLne@ nf>nhUke= nhbU dL


ni {U phUkeU A
Rh= w Y pe P fU
=}>
ef>
.x}Bn= _ZU dL > deU

dU H L }eU nL{U |w _Y }S deU nZU ngx n_>


ohbL = }bx nT |U P
Zc> AU n\Y }gI R p\x}R T
U wnxn\S gY nfU egU nL{U }bR R ceU \U |w

cK A fcT
:nL{U bx nL{U @

B Y afU R ngbhe_> }x
fcT
~S
H fcT
P
S
m? S
|gaQ S
|T aT v
fcT

w
fcT
fcT
K |Q
S
|bX S
wzX S
mw|K
R

fcT

xc fcT
Q fcT
fcT
gdcdT X X zGmQ S
|gG S
nw|P

H
Tm@ < meTm@ G |gP
me_< mh|aQ z G fcT
w|X S

fcT
fcT
cK h |a`T X meeP wzT
.()|wzR H S
meK R

Qx{=n_U x nY nfU {L
|U YhU sYni}U |w U _Y n_>

dL } |w {U neU n[U {fL nL }bR _= B Y


. RncU ()
. e_acdU n[eU ()
36

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

n hini cx T ni {U Lne@ U
dnL af= }cax
phef>

fcT
mecgT {v meXw Q meaQ T zdX cK
:Q bx bR

m= ^eT |bH |YT


|v |gT md^G meXmw gd? Q {v

G oImg@ |bedT K feT |^dTm< |X zT ohmX e T


ohm^X m[T
mH }K T |Zh T ImT mah
.()gfcT g^[T
.=}U eU R nL{U |w }bR Y paS nfU

ogTjdT mdh gS

R phUkeU nei w n inI n hI Un_> dU nfU {x}x nY


B
R =nS}= }_ZfR i hi U _U LnJ
i
hdL { bi nY T

d_ai nY T
R Un_> \A
nf Y d]eU :}B pedc= d_a= }cai
|w R Un_> dU S Y d Y w Y SY Y phUkeU nei
L }fx R hU = {gL
pRU B
hdL d H nehR Y jY pahdU
p R}J
R {= hL
Y =
_i Y dU nY T

{bY Y U }H
pRU .phUkeU eA R n J}aY
pinY aA R n fnB nT nSnJ
Un_> inH dU w nfa d H
Y Bj= d i nfhdL >

inh[L hH R _i Y ni nY `i
nehR QdL bx hdL }eU

:fL
nZU .()gm^X cK d^ e< eg^= cT bX}cw mX R
Y w
Un_> dU nw}cI o@ ki nfhdL ng= dU ninA U _f U @

. @
~L
j=
fL ni{_x nehR ngR~fi nw{i
.neU n[U {fL nL pxnU pah[U ()
. pQU sgi ()
37

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

ogTjdT ~@
JdT

n =nA o> hd_R pYn_U phUkeU SY R c> nY{fL


cU
qhU pYn_U phUkeU SY d_> hdL Un_R US >]B
ngi Ln> =nS pL~Y n inT U n cdY
}h[b>
pY dY
pxnL}= UneL

pinhB w ng^aA R {_>
x QdL nT {bU pYU
\R Y }n` R n_U neU
bXR R :Qbx ngne^L L
Smw hm^dT zZR zZR bT[Q eK Q{@ S\G g< <mR
.()| d= gdcdT X kQ
mS

A
}^i
U nxnU |w R nZU ngx dYj>
KeU R =}>
U }U pheT
phUkeU
U qadx hdL rh= fL kY w neL
pQnaU nhnZi L {h_= } w nY ocx dnH ng= ocx
p_eU nedcU
H !n_U neU {H R }x T U T

S qx nf@ U dU {_U ~hY hfYkeU }hY nx hdL dU


haKeU
neI n fhex |x
hT L}ZU U

n_U neU L hUkeU

inS Y }he Y nS ng dL neU Lx

gax q\R kw dL _I n =}A ngfdL p=}`Un= }_ZU B


.eHn= agx inT U

. {[dU n[U ()
38

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

oQ|^dT c^T A Q mYT

kH eU |w gY

>nL dL nbdeU
R nfA}J
nhUkeU L
.nZU

phUkY w }[Y pedc= kU |w L p=n@ di


nffcex
A peh^L pdhd@ phUkY w e_U d_U R ec> nZU
yh ngYH pY Rn_> dL n h
}IkY U nT ng= nhbU nZU

heU phUkY Y new nei w{A nZU dL }cA nhU e_U d_U
nH lR ngxhA ngSnJ }H
pY R bU }[fL gi ne= nZU {h=
R
{U R nY |w nghS
pY {b=
n ikY U nT e_U d_U B

{U |w jZijR pnB phew


gx nZU }[f_= new U pi{eeU
.nZU Hn= pnB

R nZU d_U phUkY L rx{dU }baU |w [i


i

}baU [i
e_U R nZU phUkY L rx{dU pbAU
U

:U }baU R cU h[a> hU

39

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

fT
n? c^T

gi ne= nZU >nL dL b> U U nH phUkeU


I R pR}_eU d_U nHj= |B phUkY w ngdbY pY Y
{_x nY{fL Y d > w d_Un= fx beUnR neU
:fL nehR Qn[U nY bx d_U nHj= |B L nwnf=
kQ m dc ^X m dTmK mX :gTm@ Q m wmP beX mYT n@
pT
q^< {T meT bG > > g
g
|Q
kQ |Q
^`w T
.()Tm< zdX

dS d_U w
h_x nZU nehH
deU ni dL lR nfw Y
pR}_eU
R = gU pedK Y ai }B R bR hU {U dL }cahU
nwY U b>}U ngY{b>
R wnx hT ped^U |w Y Y }B phahT

:Un_> nS Y }nH dL {wnI c> Un_> dU ngU pYjT


ng= U
D C B A @ ? > = < ; :
[ :}bU ]E

{L ni}L gU {
p T}_Y ni{ S {hTjUn= [x U U
:nS Qn}U nY L rx{U R _aUn= U|T w neT nf{L
wz :P dU H nS
gU px} ()cf? zK caK |X S
peY pfnA ph= w d U w
px}U R }R f_U ncI cU
lR U|T ()m I| ` X m I| ` X vmT |= :QdL nY L
zK meT nfU h= n\`U {_U nZi w hi gU }e?

. H]U UnY ()
. {[dU }ZU dL RncU S}dU HneU ()
. pQU sgi ()
40

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

{x~x H i }cU ph[eU dR x{Un=


gU }S ()cf? mX

hi{L nex H i }Y R nY }]B phi{L n Y~> {Z>


ZU
fX TmK :? |fJ ZR mX :QdL nS |gU !x{U Hn=
.()be< cIm< T Kzw {v bf< a@ K |` ew {v eX
vm?

b> U = w Y w d_U n= :bU R Uni nfi {bL


_R{hH ed_U Y}A wnU T{x nY {x Un_U nex U ni
}
x nY{fL .{@ n= L ? nY {fL SU {L }^fU rU U
R Un_> dU }hH ilR neU nR R }^fU
}h` px T
dU n _InB }hR
}H cU |w n^i R Yjx
nY{fL }hT qinT

nedT n Y~U n inex n edL ni ned T i f_x |w Un_>


g@
R }U

}_> |w R .Un_> inH dU L {_= n Y~>
U{H R nw}hQ Y }T phSnR
nx {wZU dL x}cU }bU neL

:U n_ > dU @ dL
.[ :qd[R]

a^T ogde= c^T

nLn= b_U L rx{U a`i nffcex R d_U L {i


nY{fL

=
pR}_eU {[Y
U {I}Y ni hU w {= pdhH HnH

dL d bL bx nin= }aeU .cU nZT pdhH w neT bUnB


neU }_i nfw Y nhU cH f_x b_U cH n T}Y
n ^bx {U

h@}U n]hZU }I
Y YkeU |h_x neT b_U nH Y QdL
n_H

. pQU sgi ()
LeU cU hL ()
41

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

.()T}T xR a^T mG X cTm< ^h :Qbx

x|`> dbL phef> dL n e e_x nZdU H {x}x nY


{x{@ c=
U d ]Y pR}_edU ~a Y bL _h]= w nZU bL nehH Rni
}BU gUbL }@kx
}cahU
x|U Y cx nZU dL pbhbU

Y dhehR g>n_ai gaJL g= c>


yx T
x|U Y gfL
Y Snfx
nfU x ni{fL dU pinY nfUbL {x{@ pY T
:QKncU nY L rx{U aR pe_fU |w {i
|gA c< |gA R

meT X z@S mh meT X mh :a= :nS p_Y


nY :nS o^X b=
Q |H

z h |gA z h zh mdv mdh meT mfw mw :mR P cT G


.()|gT zh X bgT n@

| YT zh bw
U gi R w nfU R nfU w B{U n hHnH n H d_i nfhdL
S {@ n= {hdb> U fT = w}hca> gUbL T}x
: U n_ > n

.[ :deU]

w = >\L R bR qhU ni S {h@ _x nZU dL


S
L rx{U aR dbL {S dL w n \x inex dbL R I T
caK gS :nbR d\R fx >nL R R :U qdS Qn[U nY
?
mS g|G e< X
a^T zR cK T
:nbR :qdS
mdT |vmJ |YT |gS |[h |[A |T |}? X |w}? Q cT z^w
Tm^= cT iQ {v zK > h

mw :maQ < |X
obdT X m b c X
. pQU sgi ()
{bR pfU n[Y R nY . nB in_Y R fY ]beU {haeU UnY ()
bT medcJ dcJ
b`h eI
me@ meT @
Ta= o^X hb= :PdU H L
. |Y}U fH :}^i dc]= Q mG e= meT @
42

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

h Q cdT m=iQ gT cT @iQ cdT c aGmQ T


{v Q =mK hmbX e_c< z<mK ? mh :mR ph X :T ({=n_U ) maQ
:cdT T mR x mdcQ T Xw ^X mbQ ^X cT zK g=iQ mbdT
T maQ m gK {v mehmbdT
:z<m^T T maQ m^cT xcZw mX }eT hmbX

{v kQ
dT {v Q megK md@ T mS cQ odgf< me<|T ~gT :mR v mX
mS mX md@ T mS T :maQ md@ <|T mX :cdT T maQ g[w gYT
.()!caK zR cK g> mdh :cdT T cT @iQ gYT {v X g[w

n> {@ }hT U H {Y b_U phew


nx}U

dL {TkeU
.ngn[A bY nT U

g@me< |g\T

dex i dL dU pahdB chU wj> nei ni ..nZU ngx


bL
b_U {e>
bH w Qn= }A }U L T
Y
.. U {dB ni
{x pdH }]x w b_U pegY

phini p=}U {x ngU dU p=@


dL ng_\x nwn_= c=
neU }Bj>
qad > x } _> x qY{b>
x rU pA}ZY
`fx nehR }[U hdL = nT w nY }x}> R egfx = }ax b_U
.cx
e@ qhU pRnbUnR bhbU beU f[x |U w |w pR}_eU dS

ngY
ce>
nT
}hcaU R sgfY
nYd_Y

pRnbU nei ng= nY{U ZA

.\R i {bU
Y
R }hh`U phdeL
R nghdL nfU nYd_eU hf>

. {[U UnY RncU ()


43

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

:hbi R }J dL hdb_= phini qhd = {bU

nxf_eU dL eU {x}U R Q (}ZU w = }L)


h Q bL
.n_eU kI R }hcaU L {_= n_eU }Y R }[A rU

@ e_U R Q (}`U w = }L)


q= nY }B bL
ni bL .{w nxn`U R }hcaU L {_= nHU hb>
i neU :kH hf_x hT kH d`I }`U R
cZU dL }cax
|U d= hT Un_U dL }]hU h]H hT n xS T hT :UnU
Y pxn`U w nY neU :ai jx f cU phwnR}U bA hT phed_U

{_= nY phwnR}U {w w nY bU
nU |w T

pdcZY nY px}ZU cR [ai ncai hdb_U x|w {bL


n_U U [x {bx
ni h]x }nJ AnfT negi phbhbA
.neg= ZfeU

U y cZ= {T {S nw{x phi}bU [fU R YjeU

dL hR
pegY
R ni nfU n _Y neg>} hAnfU x|w phew

S ng= T U neL
: U n_ > n
w d]eU }e_U .[ :w]
S neU f_eU ngi}eL
: U n_ > n


n_ex hAnfU x|w [ :[bU]

:>nedT Y@ Y w pedT P fU nS {S }B nhi{U }hB d T }hU


.()|A mghzT |g< b? zR h
. }]U zxn> ne_U ~fT H]U zhZdU UnY ()
44

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

q {S phxnU phYH p=}U


hedeU d@
cZ= {T
p@nA Y{b>
_e@j= Un_U R bd A hAnfU x|g= nJ nY{fL
|w }caU gAnai \a= H
} L
{bR n _he@ YU
R }bU hU nL |U
egax e@}x hT >na Y pa T
nhnx}U Y nR p]i~h= {fgdU phed_U
newneU R d ex

{x{@ f_Y
ngn]L {g= nghR }hcaU {h_x hT n \x R}L o]U U

d_U eeU pd b i }Y
U|= [x dR phYH g>{b_Y Y n S]i
.()}S {_U
Un_U ed_Y gd_@ {x{@ pRnbU hSB = x{bU

R {w~U gR |U h`U
{x}U b_U
hedeU dL odQ nY{fL nY

= phew
ngi}h_x nhU dL L R~_x gd_@ nY pJnB pbx}]= nhi{U
hhin=}U
nIU oHnfY }hQ nhU dL R n`Zi g\_= }L ne=

nfhH = dL oh_x }hZU hgU jeU { ng_Y nf^A p@{U hhgU

} U nhgU R }hB {fL n]B }x nY @}x nh_h]Un= Un`I


pieU }^fU B ()nhgU R R} Y }T ph_h]U d_U R S
}hQ {w~U Y n \nR hedeU q? neU }U U }B nhi{U U
]U
oT L }Bjx
gd_@ dU n\A U g_R nY w }eU

I}bU {eY zhZU w hedeU nedL {A i


nfw i}\x ed_U
ncA R p=}bU Un_Y =nT R w nL ReU B =n= }_eU
}R Y i Y o]U dL L hedeU ~L L {x
rhA pU

nfU }h= i}hU }wn YnT {eY }wn = :pe@}> U H h@ nQ ()


. U p_]U
}h= =}_U }U nhA phdb_U naH R phUn_eU pecU :=nT R hgUjeU { i
:}^i ()
YcU ng@ nT R ni}T nY eU |w A p_HdU A.
. (sgfeU R pH)
45

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

Y w hedeU = R n hJ d> phfY~U dA}Y R {x U = pxnacU


{[bx) Rngx (o]U dL) = `Zx {A }i :h\x !ncU w
nhRU
nehH baU dL dL (hedeU d_U J
nhU{U

qhdR nSU L U aUn= `Zx eY


ngbaU Y ZY {dU
{[bx) pLne@ = nS {S pxnaT }a= n`I R x{U B}x
hT }_I
kH }]x {_= o]U dL {[bx != nS nY new (baU dL
L
o]U dL naY U L n x} n =@ {bx
ilR o]U dL new oH

pdhH nhi{dU pU y {S baU dL YT R p]ddU pdhH cZx
oH |gU w :bx !p]ddU
U > U = U
}hx

hU o]U
.(){L dL = d U }S dL = {bU
pYcU n\bU

jT oQma> mYT

yh>naY w
Y {A {fL S i d_U ph\S
dL }eU nf_x
kU .kU w ]U hH d_dU B{Y ^L phini pR}_eU
{U nZT ]H pR}_eU oA
pUnA Y d]fx
}]R w px}]R

}i rhA }h`[U a]U {U }]aU ~x}`U |w {i nY }T ni


L jx
dL }_>
dgx nY T
neU x{U }]aU |w U nfhL }> neY
}e>
}]aU |w AeU .R}_Y qeT}> dbL nei neU nhI

}]aU R{U L }^fU }[= i ? U nZU pdA}Y U pfh_Y }h>=


d_U i U gU pedK Y _U }@ i ne= kU lR kU i
n x} cx
.ni cU

:hb> pU ncA R p=}bU Un_Y (w w) I}bU {eA = {eY = {eY B = ()


}wnbU ncdU pYn_U px}[eU phgU _]eU hL {eA x{ n_I eY {eY
.
46

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

A}J Y x kU L ~_x }hQ nZdU y[x


R |gU
:x}ZU rx{U R {bR wn@ i :U nbx Y }Un= }_Zx
:f_e= _U ()jT ^T
c^T :P dU H L gU }hU

c bdT mT :o^< |?jw hkQ cT bd@ TiGmQ jT =m`X }A


.()T ngdT ddT

|U qSU R
kU pRnb? dei {= R kU } dL {Tki
ji Y ji nY ji hT :}_fU
ih X

x}cU }bdU p=n@ }i ji Y }hB p]bfU L p=n@n= {fU


px |w [ :fU]0 / . - , + * :inH dU nS
hU ji Y nfU {A
nei jx I T
ngilR kUn= }Y neT
w w }T|U w }T|U w ji nfhdL
nT U pR}_eU J
nhH p^Ae= ncU w px R }T|U wj= }eU }T x}aeU _=
:Rpe nx _= R {bR RqhU w g= }eU px
e_= eU Y fex U {h=
()UkeU i }T|U w i
px aU
dL }h`= bU L ~> b> dex pR}_Y n edL dex Y cU
ghU @x
Y ) hUkeU qa {S px Ax gdU n _> nR
xU jH {S U d_U w w }T|U w }T|U wj= (kU
a \eX bdcK Q zw}w w cT S|S{w X :nS Uni Y :x}Y = hL
. RncU ()

. Q n}U nB hL ()
. :Rn[U }ha> ()

47

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

.() cd K |A Q bP | w

rx{U aR phUkY n \x neH nT phUkY kU nT nfw Y


jw ImeT mS kQ zK zaQ Imh T _ X :Q}SnU }a_@ = L
.()m\gYT zK zaQ m\gYT K jw ImeT mS cT zK zaQ cT K
ih gS

}J > hdL lR keU ZU w Y {> hdL neT


j> nY j> nY }_U kU
}hT U kU A I
> }hT o _ > {S ilR kU > U nefh= }Y U U R
o _

Zh jT @ :P dU H L rx{U R |U fY keU
.()c^T

nY }Y hU qdJ Un_> dU qUjH H } kU A


()
p[b= _eH }aU hdL h\
x {S jx nY }_x Y lR {_U qUjH
phL p?? U nH {S Un_> dU {bU pdhU R gU |U ZU
hT phw|U p}aU |w h
{bU _R nY {> U dx nY jHnR
p?U phL Y {A nL fY {x :nUl= U qUnbR }Yn= @ }B
_aR nhi{U R }Y e@ dU fd_x dJ :qUnS dJ w nY :nS
|B }Y e@ @ n nedR nL ohH @~U nL @}U
ngR}[>
U sL~i @}U o\`R ngUne@ Y > nY o= hdL }c>
dL }B nL fY n U|= nhi{U R }Y yS ngd_x j= Un_> dU nL{R
. RncU ()
. RncU ()
. {~U eY b_U > ()
.ngh_S ne }_dU nwi p[S w ()
48

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

dL gY }eU
neU [A neR {A nL x{U b= Rn> I

{S nU |w dL ngx }ci nfi nfY |w :gh= UnS phbU pUnU |w


nU nY U ng>}hH U nw{h_x dU nR
ngU }@ neY
n_U nf=n
pb=nU ngUnA U nw{h_x Un_> dU Y od]R gU @}U nH
U phw|U p}aU n n \x rUnU nL{U h |cw dJ ohHnR
._> n }R _h\x nf Y }hcU !_>

fx nfY x}hcU lR Un_> dU kH x U @}U |w nT


= qhfL h^_U gU @}U Y [x nT neT n \x }T|U w kH
{U U gU d_U Y ~Y x{U nT |U QoUnJ = = dL
nY :oheU = {h_H bx hza`= R hcG :bdU _R{x |U
()oUnJ = = dL }hQ idH :bx {A P dU H n R nT
g_af> pdH UjhU p}aU |w }n_Y f`x {= i nHjeU qinT
\_= f_eU }U }caUn= nhU f`> pdH n_e@ phini af>
R }_I T Ujx g\_= bx jT pgRn> pdHj= hU @x }T|x nY dL
egax Y {x U i phbhbU =}Q QdL nHjY qinT nfw !H
}hZx) mefv
:U }= bx nT |U edL ex L}ZY _x Y
.()..gcK XiX |gP m eaT p < oc d @ T p T m d?
m dc^T ({ U
ih mX ih mX

A dbL }x nY >}B nhi fx R _afx neL H


x fL j> H nY hUkY n]i R B{x neL
H =}> f`x
. oUnJ = oSnfY }U {L = n_hH ()
. {[dU n[U pQU sgi ()
49

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

nY cU [ :nRn[U] :nfeU nfx x pYnhbU


}> nx pYnhbU x fL ji H |U

:}?ncU]} | { z y :US R fL Un_> dU n@ nY |w


w h_fU [
{A
{S nY nI S
Y dU nY T
Y p
x ngfL ji H U Un_> dU _i Y n \_= x}ZU fU rx{U nfU
oXmgaT w zK mXzR }= :- px}U R n@ nY o= P nS pYnhbU
w X TmX K < mdgQ <mH K meQ mdgQ |dK K :< K iw @
.()RpgT v me@ K a`h mdgQ S

U aR hR rU fL kU dc> R }hQ phUkY Y nT nY nY


S {@ qSdU p_h\Y
: U n_ > n
.[ :}bU]
}hQ nxn\b= d _> ngi nY ngA}J of > nfhdL pdH peR =nbeU R
ngA}J Y {@ R pdhY Y L ndJ pdH ngi {nR
:ng=nf@ `fx U pdH nei _= hU

phfx{U hUkY
n]i R bx neL
n]i R phinex
kU :

Y }hcUnT }T|> {nR


ZU |w pR}_Y R cx pxhi{U ikI
{@ {U H w nY _U Ujx {bR nfU _= ngA}]x U pdH
}T w w QnehdH Y nT |U {w{gU f@ nY !QU fU
.ngdg@ Y }\>
ngedL Y af> U pdH Y U }n^i i

nfHn= |Y}U {bR }hB }baU nfHn= pfU }J Y }Y w {[dU n[U ()


K :~dA K iw @ < zeK X oXmgaT w < mXzR }= :nS P fU L _Y = U
|Y}U fH cK mdgQ dK mX a`h mdgQ S w X TmX K < mdgQ <mH K meQ mdgQ |dK
.
50

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

kH cU
i dL kU :m ghm>
{S f_>
= = w w{A @

m e^= = m fa`= G :QdL U nbR QhfYkeU }hY n x~h_>

.()vmTm< gH ^dT
Tm^T
Tm^Tm< gH c ^dT vmT kQ

jZ= h}H f= pdH R n@ nY f_U kU dL pdY }= Y


S ng=|= }Y U }bU
: U n_ > n
# " ! *

3 * 10/ . -,+ *)('&%$


CB A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4
.[ :}bU] L K J I HG F E D

fY gdJ QHeU h}H f= fL gUkH n \x U Y


S }g@ dU }x
: U n_ > n

.[ :nfU]

= {bx w :QhfYkeU }hY U g\_= g@


|U kU i

:QnbR p\hU }c> nhi{U }`[> }hQ Y p\h= R nhi{U B{x


.()bw eTiG {T }^T T ne
w Tm^= m= cT

p=n@ qinT U neT nY |Y ngaZT R cx U nxn\bU L kU :m Tm>


S .g@}A w}H g=hL y\R

n
nfU L ZT
od ]> nghdL

~ : U n_ >
.[ :{neU]
. :pQU sgi ()
{[dU {hAU ()
51

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

ocG zgH|= |aT

S x}cU }bU R }ZfY kU }wnK Ax


& % : U n_ > n

:inH nS [ :}bU], + * ) ('

@ ? > :@ ~L
nS [ :}bU]
:}bU]..O N M L K J IH G F E DC B A
.eU Y U }hQ U [

{hI}> dL eL {S Y Y }T R x}cU }bU n \x Ai


nfed _hU P dU H U @
> qinT U {haeU }hQ pJnU pdH
dL nY hU {haY p_Rni nfdH c> kU }J pbx}J U|=
:U

w {x neU }ebU }gZU }wnK L PfU H : mdT


?
~ : U n_ > dU ~ijR ()c_U {_U {x ? {= y[x U }cx
{bR [ :}bU]...
px ~T
padeU nh_U
|w }e? {nR nh= dL gUkH L p=n@ R pTneU

gegR e= c> {S U phfxcU }wn^U L gUkH qdwn> }ebdU


.pdA}eU d> R

hR ~hT}U >
n =@ dU g=n@jR bafx nY P UjH :hmT mdT
dL }cU }Y inH }Y
keU pbafU phLi

nai }[Y dL
S eeU }hbaU afx nY T w d_Y Snai `fx nY ngfL
: U n_ > n

:}^i .ng[bi ng>nx R pdw A : ~ :U n_ > US }ha> R H}]U nS ()


. :nhU eY
52

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

i AfR [ :}bU]
U lR bafx nY pbafU phLi pR}_Y U n gY gUkH nT nefh=
n@
nfU nf gU {_R
Y nai n[Y w }B }Y dL ~T}hU
n@ {S pbafU phLi
U }=nL nI Y nghdL nai ~dx `fx U
. :US R }L cZ=

53

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

meT |G
d^T
e_U pegY
w :d_U phUkY {_= nZU >nL dL nbdeU phinU pegeU

e_Un= {[bi |U nY cU
R e_U n_eU hH R e_U :h]B dL e_U w {[bi nY
mghzT dK QU nY L px}eU pedcU R n@ neT n_eU hH
.() zP d= hiS =|A dK z< g^= hiS

nffcU AU eU R fL {i R n_eU hH R e_U nY


R }fx YkeU ni dL :bi pUn_U |w R
neL T
phL R {S >nfA ~hY b> n_eU x R _af> U p]Zi
KmI Q ecd^G :Qn[U nYU nL eR f_eU |w ~_x nY
x{=n_U x nYU B ncY nL R ()zeK mdgQ P ^?
.()e K zP eT i = md < ec d ^ G
:Qbx

i n= :}^i ebU ~dU }? pxnaT L fU zhZU deU pY_U dbi ()


hbaU }\x Y :}^i Un_U L p`h[= {[U nHU {Y
:}^i QKncU nY U dU pY_U i |gU Q KncU nY nbU Y Un_U
Q dL nY U pedcU |w pi pnU pYn_U pfU dL }_eU ncA }x}>
. U :}^i n_U = }eL U AnU i nwnf_@ U n[eU R U dL }_i U nffcU
. RncU }^i ()
.na[U }Y B ncY R QnL Y pxnU pah[U ()
54

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

w e_U n_eU hH R e_U U }]dU


nfw nfx{A [i

pdInR pY w e_> U pY
ni n_H nhU }eH }I

dL pUnL bH n\U RnfU nY R bUn=


d Un= pYcY

} w = pY nhB Y nhB hU e_U pbhbU x}B


.ng R LnbU ngU x U ng>n@ Y o@ ng= |B Y ngU }aY

bT o<mX G

pdeA I
fY n T
{bR Y {b>
R e_U phew
hdL H rA

cx nZdU `x P fU nT pL{U
pUn]U HncU cU dL
JnL
:nL = L rx{U aR p_f U pR}A rh= e_U L
:UnS lR oQ|@ T v :nS LjR @}U U }^i PdU H nT
XjdT
:nS PdU H nx hT :hS egK X aG :nS
()
nY = n>U nT U fx x
i ewz< g^w oQ|@ T bw T
inA}U o]U x{U Hn= } x x|UnR h_U }i P fU UnS
L hdJn_U nhU R hdInaU Y pLeY w ..nfaU }S hfU
.()mghzT wzTm< |[w
bT :Q}SnU nY L rx{U R e_U

{cUn=
= inYn= nf> n_U n cx `fx ..nZU ngx

}e_U hh\> B}U cU .ngU nU h]U dL nbU e_U


gh X mfgv :QdL L }baU ddU pa }hB
w r_U gd Un=
p? mdT mgH
:QfL ()oTm\T mewfT T bT
m^T
bi nHU {Y R i n= R ()
.nB Yn@ L
. b_U > ()
. LeU cU hL ()
55

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

.()|a`T mdfeg< reQ }^T bT

nT Qn[U nY Y nx}U _= R >}S nY x}]U Y


bYwm^X ncI Q cb= :bhR inY R }ZeU cU Y cZx
niY bx nY qU ()mfhc\w mfgQ [S|w hmS mhm< kQ

fw B}R cU ghU A x|U nfinY w R Qn[U nY


!U ingR pL{U gd U }U ghU d >

|AT d^T mghzcT d^T g< mQmeX

pY
nf= Y p_H nLn]S {U cU }ZH }Y Y }]B }Y
[A ai e_U gaY U }^fU R dB @ w nZU nehH

h= pd_aY pY[B nx R ZU
|w ex . fx{U gaeU R Z>

R ne`i _U hx
rhA }B nhi{U h= e_U {w~U

HU lR {hTjUn= pJnB }^i w }^fU |w .U {w~U Rnfx e_U


S }B nhi{U U piY }^i
: U n_ > n


rx{U R [ :[bU]

dK z< g^= hiS mghzT dK :nS i Q U nY L {beU


n_eU hH R e_U }L H = zP d= hiS =|A
{S ()phnacU n@U Y w }baU pdcZY Y d U pY Y R
n[U nY }> |U nghdL ni }@kx U n_U n]i R B{x

. RncU ()
. hbaU }\x Y ()
dL o> phfhL nY phYH p_x}ZU R n@U ()
..sU [U [UnT (nhL) hadceU Y }R T
.heU ? SnU L hdcU bH _U ng= nS lR pY dL o> phnaT nY

56

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

p@nU =n :U hbR w x @ L jH px}U R n@ nY dL Q


Y :hS =R w dQ :nS =
{_x qhU R :UnS gT eZw mdQ :nS
.()eX mK zH
=aw {c T cT :QnbR iB _= {fL

!mYT w
mXzeK

gaY w ZU UnJ }B YH gaY pe?


n xnY {Q rhA TU

:hx e_> U :U b> _U oUn]> nY{fL ilR TU gaeU


ni
L _S dT }x
pbhbU R w }h= dU dU dL TY
}h= dU :pde@ .Jn= ng= }x A nedT w U nedcU |g= e_U
}hx e_U {hY R w ni _R}x n_I w nei UncdU n_I qhU

lR |cw .nwneQ x oTnfY R


n \x dU dL TU
{= x}BU {hU {Y
Y
{= f_x }U n^i hU R dU f_x
.U }U L haU nhU xnhY R ]i

nZU _= w nf>n_eY R px}Q pUnA pe? hU }>

nY pdY
L {ex
{x {ex
(}i
y

) gai nfi dU

U
pfgY gex x}BU {x {ex
n =nI }> nY n x{Y x}BU {x

Y pUnA }hT ph[Y dR


pUn_eU }J Y ngUn_Y Y {=
ph }
U }^U pH gdhwj> kw {hI}> dL pU{U e_> eeU e_x
.U|U g_R

phi{U bU dex eU nT~U n]L fY {S H lR nhU |w R

H L rx{U aR U
U jdx fL cx f cU e_U h]x

. ncA ox|g> RncU ()


57

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

()
|w }H
| X {T e_T oRzZT = :P dU

G (i{= R S)
@U nY |= U
gex d_x }B d> }Y n]L R ecx feU

n[U nY L rx{U R .pU|eU pingedU ai }_x


x}BU

hkQ meT jG
w wI m@ hc^= |aQ mghzT Q
Smw :Q
. ()oXmgaT

(U qh=) n ahfT fcx }[U R nf T dL }Y


_e cx
:US ngde@ Y n_I _= f`x w
{_= {A dL }c> U bA

ngfw fi ai }T

U ngU|= neY
}T I gU Y cx nY dU :U qdbR :_e nS
neY
}ZU gU Y dU d= :nbR ng Y}T I jR (U ai qU|= )
qR}[inR
nfU Y UnY U hU p@nU :nbR w nY :qdbR hR ni

.()nfU ~B ni fL (_e bx)

maQ oGmgG ?h d^Tm<

nfY x~e> nf=_I nbR dL e_> pHnhH Y hU g@i nY


hY ngU x U peUnK pHnhH w }A >nbU }AnfU U ng_R
{H U|T ng@{H p=nZU nSn]U Y nfY x}a> U {g> w

}hbR qhU nfY .}`U = U pY |w nf= Y pL{eU b_U T


pHnhU cU
Y fQ Y ngd_> nSn]U }U Y cde> nY =

: px}U o= :nS rhA Q }SnU nY L }Y e\eU |w Y{U fH ()


oRzZT
{ZU :}eU
. RncU :}^i mfeK v}eQ R G |X
{T |dT =

.n\L yh[U w :U bU
. hbaU }\x Y RncU ()
. inga }aU = inQ ()
58

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

{eL }n@ px{H pe^ij= pfh_Y pxncH


nbR U {g> p]B
nY ngU }> A h_U pebd= ngUn`I phYH _ZU
R }hcadU
.bebU Y }U gfU phahT
pxnbR pHnhU |w @ R nwn> ox U U ]U {bL
n hI @Un=
heUn^U x}ceU @ R SU U pRnn= e>

{x{@ n }R di U|R Li >nY Z= e_U {hY U n inI


neT h_U pebd= nfUn`I {x}> U nbR pHnhH @i e_U L hdJn_dU
}S lR pZAnaU pex}U nfJnH R }Zf> U n \x Y}> U qdS
R w n hLne@ n hbdB nw}hY{> n_eeU hca> }U }ZfU pdhH
.n_eeU |w nbR

_G oGmgG ?h d^Tm<

R e> ]d eU {eU
nw{e_x U pHnhU n hRnB hU

_hR x}cU h_U nKU nedU nZU p@nA `H dL e_U


pahK {x h_=n> U wUhU
g>n@nA `H w~= U
nY
}hcU R hU {wnZi phinfdU {A R }Y |w ni{wnI {S .
}@jx rhA phw|eU phdw aU }U ng= a> U {U Y
H hU gR n hI ngR{w L ed_x n_Y U Snx nZU _=
nbU phHnhH p^U
R ngfL dU ?
ngY{H x
p[hB
wnhH {eU
kw Y{x |U \Y U pfh_Y

pba
gUx
nh[_U
~}`U n? w }ceU
ne= nZU {U phw|eU

nf^A {S pbaI peA b> y=|> U }HncU AU Zx nY U


phYH ph=}_U nfU Y }hcU R _x p]dU J pHnhU n>
59

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

efx nI
yex n^i i phan]U p[neU n^i dL nb=U
U|= pan]U hL anJ B Y _Un= fJ U
hw nZU ^x
. hL~U |w

:U }hh`> nffcex nfhdL cY {S w gR nf_S w |w


x|U gR SU |w }hh`> nZU pLn]Hn= n YY {S hU |gR T
H L rx{U R n@ {S w}hh`> gLn]Hn= neL~U kg= n@
.()bgcK T w hb= mdS :P dU

hL~U |w L bH dL e_x nZU dL


\R U SU }hh`> dL nS S nZU {dR |gU ai w}x
L nfU .ngeh^f> niY i bU |w Y nR i p]x}I
.A Y R }hh`U phdeL R nZU U
> R gUnB pahKU e_U U nZU p@nA `H Y {b>
nY
nfgR nZU U }_x
|U {hAU `H w hU phw|Y nL}
nZU `H w ng_Z= `H i H Y w `H
nU R nhaU {x{>
`H dL _U e_x rhA phfU

ngY}T ngSB L nfU nghdL `\hR neU fU e_dU naU p@nA


nfw ng@nA nw}bR phi ~= |w px}R nfU _= b> {S .ngR}I
U {h_ Y }T dL {@ }hT pU{U eeU pY
phUkY c>
}R }hR> }`U {H
dL e_U n hSB eeU h[> U _Un=
d T U R eeU |w nf= x}cU h_U pebU Y kx ne= e_U

d`Zx x|U x{aeU x{HnaU kw dL } }A


L Y {=

. ngZU {fY :}^i ()


60

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

xnfL q> T}x


oUn`U R w hB}U fU n> H R

.pS}=
pLnY

U }[Y pedc= nfw @>


pex}cU B :pedY nR T
ilR n YnB
w R}I

~x~_U f=
aL _h> R hini
}H
w Y}T ~L
}x neT p[hB p_dH U Ux
j= {A e> pHnfU H R
.Y}T a L nY Un_U ffx pini iT U

61

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

TmG|T d^T mYT


lR n_eU hH R e_U nY R nZdU Y Y {b>
nY U
nY pe?
Ykx U pUnH}U @ Y e_U w n ZU = d]\x {=
}B
}B w
L {U UnH}U e_U R -beU nehH
nZU ng=

Y g=}S gxhA gLnI nZU pHneA o= gY Y


eU R nghU nI qe>
U n[U Y U }hQ }]aU

w lR beU Y eeU nf= p_hdJ w nZU = oR U|U


bY nT nghU L{U w
InL phYH pUnH}U deA L \gi
SB }caU }x{Un= dZUn= h w nY }h= pUnH}U |w
.Y}=
eeU @ U dZU U }x R

TmG|T d^T Q mYT

[U nfU Sx |U keUn= nZU Zx


nT i ned_U {A L bfx

[U |w L heU ni {bR R U x
U ni w lR }aU

.d nfU bx bhH w
{x}x neT oR n _eY n hbdY hU nZU ~`Y U f_Y

phi SU oh[x |U eU cdU }Y


n]dU in i _U

P fU }hH R nf^A {bU pQ}aY } R {U pd eeU p=n>}U


62

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

nbU R S}a>
Un_U U phYH pUnH}U deA x|U w nZU h@
.hfU YH x{Un= } Zx U R }Zi
p_x}I {hbL H }Zi U ngU UnH}U e_U _h]U Y
d_U ]T x{Y
nI pfh_Y
pR dL }cA hU B ncY
Y phfx{U
ng= d]\x cex pYnL phUkY w =
eeU }R T
.n ?ni T n =nI n hI YH

ogRA ogQmaT g=|gA{T X

oR phL}ZY
e_U |w ochU ngfY {=
}I = pe?
_i

hddU {[eU
Y :}ZU |w w
ZfeU >nxnQ U [hU =

n f[Y
cx j= pYU phfx{U phed_U
}hB|U fx{U n]U }hZU

U phYH pRnbUn=
p^LeU nw}U pUn= H U L{U Y fce>
px{A px}[L phedL
pR}_e= U U pRnn= n dY nT pfU

nh@ phfw U }S afU R }h?j> n _S }T x{A =n]B nT


.}n_eU ph=nZU

p@neU dwk> U phRnbU }hB|U dex UnH}U nZU dL neT


> }ca= gLnfS x}B
n \x U Y lR >{b_Y L nR{U Y f ce
ne= ~dx rh= d_R Y US fx nwneL phSB
}hB|U dex

S \hbi _ax ZU bx rh= h[I R n[ai x{U cx bx


n
x w v u t *r q p o n m l k : U n_ >
a L inY deU nZU { [ :[U]| { z y
pRnn= nZU cx x nY |w hS{[Y nH Ani }H
w
Y A > pUnA R phYH nhSB hbUn= Y~U U
63

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

qa_ nL H R phSB phA}U pLnfeU fex nY U|R Un_> dU


y pLnfeU |w hR
U g_R{x }i U nZU {Zx
hR I T
.pdx}U n\A

gbTmG oc aT zfT w|I Q Y@=

U afUn= pbU ngcdei U pU


S nf>{b_Y nincR phb]fY

nA `fx |gU nfnb= nf>S


}H
w Un_> dUn= nfSL Y ngci
R S Y cdex nY nY ni }Bn= ngi {bL h_i nZU
h_ ni w }B nY ni pUnA h_x Y ed_U ]U nxneU
Uj= kw i}T|x Y = ~x n h n i~hY dex hdL dY
n@}U hbx U n@}Un= U HnS eY QdL gfY inL x|U eU
eU n K
n@ {S Un=
i}> :U nS QdL U kw {A
h | Q RQ |]e= T = |]h h :QnbR !pU dL inT
.()m= X |^Q ImT |^= T cv |^Q T |^= T

lR bU
]fe= ]feU b=
nfai h[> dL nfdeL nfi U |gU
nT pdS nfT U A p=}`U pZAUn= nw{_= }_Zi R afUn= pb? nffehH U
mfw :{UnU >nedT {A R QdL ngUnS {S {L }T w }B
zmX cK ^d? zR meT kQ
cv oc aT zfT w|I Q Y@= meT
.()wI mfK? |gZR mf^H
..nZU A

{x
cHai U }x
jhdU e> R n]_U dL nS i

. pQU sgi ()
. pQU sgi ()

64

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

c>{S cU cU
_\Un= T}_Zx {A e> R nxS i chR
gU Q Y }U hH R c>S
cU cY gi hH R
.{H d^U }hi Y n_i ph[_U

..bT ggXGT obh

SU nhS R nY ghdL d _i nf T x|U hhYH _= yh

ngnfY g>}R nhi{U nY R ]bH {S {d= Y }T R YH


}^ f x {w~U R }nx pdxJ }aU inT gi Y nw}hini g>Q
{[U }Sn= {eY {hgZU {hU nedT g\_= T
hbU B R
nhi chdL q}L w :gU nS rhA phfx{U d_U pd]U }hgZU ^L R
U d nY{fL gf cU U {bU @ !nwe\R {hI}U nw
Y R}i d T U i }B~eU ngJn= nhi{U gU qI}R cU {H

}Y w S yh U ngRnB ngwnY ngfx g>}Q ng>|U

I UkY
}^fU {h_> nghdL }ax phYH pT}dU pci cZx
nghR> dL e_U _\U dU nbi {> A}U RnbU ngnf= R
hcZU ()jhdU n H {_x
`fx kw Y }@ nY {h= ngh[>
c> }ax cU pR}Y pi{Y qinT }wn^U |gR sgfU ph=[=
R pRUjY w = {x{@ }wnK qhU ngi nehH nA @}dU n H
h=nw dL hR h=nS }[fx {bR ni w ni Y _ZU zxn>
Y }x gnY dL }nU odbfx |cw }he\U dL ~x}`U }[f>
`fx }Y |w {h= g>n_I L _@}x gxn>
}L nfU cZx
f_= w YnU eU oU
x{U w nT R ni}T nY p_@}Y cfcex }Y |w A HdU ()

. Y pRnb? H
65

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

A nhi{U g= {w~> nY{fL ngnfY nhi{U _dx eY ci T p^LY

R ]bH ngf\A U g>{I


nghU g=|@ ngfY fce>
ghdL qdS

.neU ngfH R }H {Q H ng_bfY

ngx{> dL e_i nfai nfHnY R phYH nfh=}> R geU


dL RnfU hbU dL nU dL nw{x_> Un_> dU ne= pLnfbU dL
U S nghdL nf^RnA neT ceU {S n[i {_= nfnY nfehS
S
]\[ ZY X W VU T: U n_ > n

.[ :sU] e d c ba ` _ ^

|Z^T o_c< G X zR

dei {=
afUn= pbU U phSB phed_U h>}hB|U U
[U w }cR cx A dL c> n hRnT hdR y@nfU dH
}cR x |U Y dHn= |Bj> {=
= nfU _ hU {gU
dex {=
dH f_x |w gi phb]fe= g_fbx x}B U
=n]U e> }cR nY ngUbL ng=dS ya> nfU _> pnB ph=n@
dH ph=n@
w y@nfU ninR e\eU ph=n@ L phew b>
.n @ni n =dH dex |U

nY cdR
}h`Y
pT}Y
pUjY w ohUnH pUjY _h]U Y

p`d= H {bi
hUnH >
nf@ lR |gU `U =n]B h@ cU
px{U U nH B Y nfU bL U [i hUnH }[_U
p[bU }_ ZU heU }eU Y phS}U phfaU ohUnH Y {hai
ngUB Y x
U }?keU phQU ohUnH w {A }_ ZU nT {bU .px}U
66

(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT

nb= Y hU ngaJL n? ngcx}> }hwneU }xf> ncR }Zi


}h?j> }T c> {S }B ohUnH {@x h=n@ dL n ^RnY }_ZU
eL lR
ph\S {x
w phUn_U phfaU
naeU dL ~nA {A n hdhe> n hfR

Y }T nfU R }? kx {S Rnhi Y i p[S


}Zx pfh_Y phYH
}h?jU }BkY nf^A {S .pU]eU nedcU ocU }neU }ZL
x}Y x{[U Hx edhaT p@nfU R _= T}> |U oh]U

> xnR) px{U Lne@ U nH lR |cw ..pH{beU

ni{nbL nfehS }ZfU }=nfY \R }B w nfU }R> (..}x> }`i


nffx }Zi R nHU |w Y {hai phUkY nfb>nL dL b> i {bL
pY}eU
nY{H R ne=
r_U gd U R nw}ei {= nfehUn_>

..nHU |w L [aY
rx{A >jhH

67

qTmT dT

cT X oR^T mYT
mT ocbYX mYT :

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :m ghm>

~`eT nw{f= Q oK|YdT |gP |\ T :m Tm>

:m ^<
@|T m`T ocbYX mYT

RA |ZT
X Q m^T Y=

:m XmA

69

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

Y pS_U |gU neU pdY


pHnY

p@nA e> Un_> dU Y nZU pSL


dU ngfcx U dbU >nhA n^i R nZU pinh R nw

L {_> U nhU ng= r_U U fx U n]hZU nwn`x H Un_>
pS_U {h= nwnf_Y Y }hcU {ba> phA}U hbU L {_> H Un_> dU
_x nY n]ZdU p}_Y
> U Un_> dU Y
cR pfhY H dL
eU |w L rx{dU eU |w ni{bL {S x}a> }R h= ni
:phUnU eU nbfU B Y U

nY nU ph\S
dL p]bfU |w R ]i
nU nZU :

R ngafcx
.nZU nH R nU nA {x~> L Snfx nY K

L rx{dU ng[[i
p]bfU |w Un_> dU Y pS_U nZU :m ghm>
]U Un_> dU Y pS_dU phL}ZU U
|w R nwneL U phde_U

.x}]U

neT p]bfU |w R afU ox|g> R pL}ZeU }hQ }]U :m Tm>


}hQ }]U ohUnH _= dL \U hd> x
ngifL Y y w
|w afU ox|g> phdeL
ngx}> dL _U e_x U }]U
R pL}ZeU
71

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

. nZU nH R

pYnw ph\S sUn_> p]bfU |w A}U naU pdcZY nZU :m ^<


{>
w}hQ nZU @> U A}U naU }aU pdcZY w

.ng@L }J ng=nH

}hB p]bfU |w R SB }[U


Y R n_U Z

> :m XmA
eU |w Y
pUJ n_U Y dL ]i
ncI _= h>
phh[>

.pxn_U nfUneL ngU q}_>


U }i ZU

72

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

mT ocbYX mYT
nf> }hQ _YnU nZU nH R }B pfhaU h= }>
A adR [>
nf= R n HnH neL nhU R n w|Y n> nUn=

n ZU h= pUnU |w Ynf> L rx{U }BkY


.@U cU

|w {i nfhdL }ax |U }Y phYH {dU Y {x{_U R deU

phed_U
ng>nbd]fY ng_R ng=nH dL }_i
}wn^U
}hQ phHnhU

}ha> {b > phedL


nx}^i
R {x{@ Y gR U
ncR pe?
w ph\bU

UnU @ ph}R
U _Y nx rh= cdU n hfhbx n xnY

m wz@ m dwzR mT

}cR w phHnH }cR dL >nwn> _= R bx adR ow|Y nU

UnU w neU :S ngU UnB phU


neU UnU @ nci

{bU |fY ni ngR}L {bR {x{Un= qhU nU }cR .deU

e H
UnU @ pbhbU wnci nfU _= L }L {bR p>naY of=

U nI p UnA d K gfcU U }hQ pSni~U {AeUnT I neHj= kw


Rnhi {i |gU (Un= fYkeU) hhgU nY }hT n x{> cZ>

neT }ZU }wnK hR g@ |U {bUn= nU pg@Y R {g@ U|x U


73

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

U nU nT .x}cU }bU [i R = U Ai
Y~U R }x
{i ni f= Y p_H y}I o]b> U }wn^U Y U x{bU
{S
{S phYL }=nfY U y h_Y {A
U }Zi }nU }[_U R i
qei nUU n x}cR }h^f> (>nhRU n> Y R) n b=nH LhZU }caU
px}^i Y |> ngi neT ng= } Z= nwnL UK R }wn^U |w
hU .ngU n cY ]U
pUjeU ]>
px}^f= } L nY i R pR}_eU

.px{U phed_U nh}aU _= px Y ngfhL px~U Y

of?dT w|I cK ogfeX m`R

phedL
phgfY
{e_i px{bi
pH }wn^U |w {i i nfw nfhdL

b]feU sgfeU ngecx nw f^U L {h_= phfhbx H dL ~c>}>


=n]U ^LU cU }Y
U {feU db_U

dL }[bx |U pU
\R
eU U U nY {>n= cU }hacU nedT h@= acx L
{L
phgfeU .nUn= geg x
i
nfhdL > nghU nZeU phed_U

naS
x{b> R = oR nU pg@Y R hU phLY n H cZ>
phedL
pZSnfY nbU fY Sx @ x{Un= d_U pSL cx sgfY

nhA nx~haU nedL _= ngA}]x U ngZU dL ph[[>

pYn_U =\U H nAjH i {h= [[> L nB |w


|w w hU w}hQ x{deU ncR pZSnfeU ngfY ]i Y {=
U
:H
gT T mw `eT

n? neT afU w fY d]fi nfhdL |U gfeU nH


.hU U nx
gR pU }[f> hU{U {\_x }cR [>
T
74

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

:}hU bx phw nL }Y
nghdL ehb> U nY nL{U

nhL nwnf= nfh=

()

hU {deU dex w :ji nfilR |w dL


dU @ ai dL

nU dL nw}U hbx fcex _aUn= {dY nfw w :}B n_=

d_Y Un_> dU @ ai dL hU pe? hdR afUn= U


afU }x
phf^U phUneA nh]_eU
ZU phadR px nf= >
.{_U hU hU hU{U {L JnbU

ni }R >nincY >nSnJ T
d_U {afH w :ji nfi
_H T

hH R
!phdH
phfU qinT hU {gx U U Y UnU dL }_U

{L }cR f > R L}x


{bL
S {deU U|= n@ {g@ pe?
n \x {bL UnU @
nx}^fU ncR T
af= ye> phed_U

{dedU cex nY pxnQ ()pbhbA {dedU @ R |gU UnU @


@ {L dL hU {fL :bx nY
UnU @ {fL qx U :Ubx
.hU{Un= An oUn]x nL }Y
|gR UnU
@ dL hU{U pYnSl= oUn]x Y i nfU :x{deU Y nS Ubx
{S

R ZU nfhacx i U @= YkeU w U|= oUn]eU nei U


.afU dL hU{U pYnS U p@n= nfU U dL hU{U phYne> {L @

hU{U pYnS ghdL j= R}_x Un_> dU @= x{b_eU :U


w dU @ dL
f= }R Y g>{hbL R bd]fx U gi {Tkx
phfhbhU phed_U
phdb_U hw}U sU YnS nei nw dL wnbL

. }A = p=n ()
.(hdL dU ) dU \R {hU pAneH bx nT neT ()
75

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

@
~L
@ af> U nh}aU }nH ]> Un_> dU @ q> U

hU cdex gij= {deU }_x w cU U R cZ>
dL
ng\A }B }]U dL gx {S cI }Y
w nei dU @ ai
nw{x{>

maT mg|`T g<


dU {L w nbeU R neL Y {=
|U inU gfeU nH

}hQ ngi c= phed_U


n}RnR .phed_U
nbU phed_U
nh}aU h=

cex j]U }_Y R phfhbx


cU phadR px nfU n HnH cZ>

phincY L }]x nY .phfhbx


hw}= pU U n> |gT px}R @U

}xnbU A R w ^feU
UnU px}^i
L f`x }ha> cU }ha>

U phedL
S}> hT .pbhbU hbhU Y U }>
n}R }Y


{>
nh]_eU nU hbhU Y U
}h`>
R ngai phed_U

}[L i ni}[L U _Un= {A p@{U


lR hdL !hbxU
nh}aU

d L dU {Y ph\b= pd[ eU nx~haU nhA edL


R px{U phed_U

pbhbU Y U S}> U
w nei ZU nghU S}x U phed_U

{b_eU n]= UnU }cR R}U {fY yd[> R phedL


ph}R
}Y

.phfx{U

nZi n @ bd> phed_U


nh}aU _= U nfw nI {>

nbU n[Y
R ngd_x T|eU ng@ rh= ed_U ngeA Y }T

ed_U HU B A ngInbi Y fex |U }Y n_U w|U R phed_U

|w !pdeY ph}R H qhU ngij= n R}_Y T|eU HU T Y ai


76

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

.()}U w _= U|= }_x neT phi{U ]U


px}^i R nU hdL nY

px xcU {fY yd[> phed_U


nh}aU {A {x
U :maw md<

pL~L~U yd[> ph}R


ngiT Y A ngf cU Un_> dU @ af> phadR

pUjeU UnU @ }hQ }B }ha> @ neA acx fx{U nex


.phfx{U px}U phfhbx afU dU px{=
:T K T

L ?{>
UnU ai pUjY eA {S x{deU Y }hcU :

~eU }hc_> afU n_> p@nU {L L = nex pR}B L >Y


H nfx{xj= hU i }_x }bx
hdL .@ }cR L rU R
eR
fx{U }haU }hQ dU pd _U }B }ha> x{bU yd[> {S phUneA
n}R

dU @ hRnfU x{deU Y f[U |w }U nfbRx {=


{nU
dL }hx Un_>
.dbL edL
{w

=n L{x
}haU }B neA :m ghm>
|U dU phdeL

|w L }^fU }[= {= }]Y neA w Un_> dU @ L nf`H


nh}aU
|w @= }bY
n ecA gR Un_> dU @ L rx Y T
Y nax neR .}hcaU rdU _R nY w |w fw R neA
nh}aU

{S nT {x{U ZUn= hU nghU nZeU phed_U


T|eU neA {Tkx

neA |w A{U hgU Y{bx


n ecY n enS ^x
nY .S
{x~x
nh}aU d> Y naeU neA afU n Un
db_U hU{UnR .phed_U

Y nRU pAnY p}aU neT hafU yd[x Un_> dU @ dL _]bU


ai hH R U UnU @ }caU {gZ> U ngai phed_U
nh]_eU

. I dU R :nT R g>nedT _= A ()
77

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

}ZU w|U = f_x rh= _\U Y p@ U Un[x neA |w


R phed_U
cU |w T
nRnZT lR neA nA {Y dL neL

hS n^i @ w nghR  U {A pbhb= ]f> ne= yhaU


Y cU |w T
dL TnA x{=
n^fU gx{= }eU
U |U

@ L InT w nei ph_U


aU Y r_fx }aU Y d]fx

.hdL hcA }h[= ^fY


a^T mdw

{[Y w
w b_U p=n? w = }hT|U nfhdL |U rUnU nH

R (nU }wnK) }wn^U |w nY yh[U Y hU .px}ZU pR}_edU


ni{LS nf>ned e= hcZU U nf_R{x {S |U }L|Un= nA ngg@Y
h= nRnfY }> b_U nH dL nex f> U pfw}eU phR}_eU

d_U }_> = x{U d_U


}L|U phi _fR hafx nex {Tkx

w |gR b_U R w nex }x fx n]U sx}U U hU nZeU

{bfU U U B{i b]feU


Y hU :}B pedc= .~geU

~gin= _I nfcd ex rh= nU L}eU phfw|=


{x{U nU Y

dU @ af= TnA d_U jT >~fY d_U ]= xgU nY afU


!phR}_eU nfH nfLnfS L dU U U jJ q> nf_R{x nY Un_>

~gx
~g>

rh= pInZgU |g= qhU nfhU pfUn= Un_> dU @ pUjY


.p_h]U nedL nT ngA}J U A px{A phedL
ph}R }eU nfinex ng_Y

phedL
nh}R Y }]x ne= i {= |w f_x
w ph}aUnR

ngfL Yn_U ng= naH Y}U aU d]feU ed_U }U nH

j]B L hwni |w ng= x}?jeU fbx pdcZeU sUn_x w }hT j]B


78

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

|g= }?j> x|U =


{@ {L
{> }hacU ncA J R }U

{h= xgU xU p`U R}i nfi nghdL p_fbY n=n@ {x U ncR


|gR nbfdU \> nH{bY nwnLn= d_U sni {bi
f_x |w
Rnfx i = ai d_U Ubx nY
. ]> R iT ngai d_U phT}A

px}ZU pR}_eU }J Y x}J w nei {_x n gU hU x}U d_U :n[Bn=


ai d_U nx }ZU }caU ngfL f`x pR}_edU }B }J pe?

.b_U x}J ngew


Un_> dUn= nfinex nfhf= U |w b_U ph_@}Y
Y nghU

}hf> d_U nbA Y b> w ~g>


phfhbx ph_@}Y w ng dL
.{@U }]aU {g=
c^Tm< c^T

c> w pehdU phed_U


phgfeU
}a> |U =}U nH

dU @ R hcZdU phed_U
nh}aU
U {fx Y Y p@neU

|gR U|T p@neU c> cU ()ai d_U nH dL {e_Y Un_>


nh}aU
L nfhdL }ax
d]fU nwn[Y Y nw|B T|eU phed_U

ngg=nY U
ncR d> n_hH {_= px{bfU
pH{U

pA}]eU phed_U

}I w phR}_eU
`U [U ]fY n_hH .ngai phed_U p`d Un=

}bx heU _hH U {bfU U phdeL ni R HnH

oin@ dL n [fY
}L cx R {A p `U ed cx {A nT R

\R }B ncY U x U nefh= h_Y


nx}^i dL }U x
L

dL {e_eU) ed_U
cUnR phU{@ ph^L
pbx}]= phedL n}R

lR nfw Y phdbL hw}= phedL


pbx}]= hdL } x (phedL
nh}R nx}^i

S ()
~ } | { zy x w v u t s r q p o n m l : U n_ > n
.[ :}eL ]
79

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

d_U R n[B }U w Y Un_> dUn= hfYkeU ned_Un= pin_H


ngZU dL {S w kw cx ne= phew pxnQ R }Y phx}U

_= U {feU Un_> dU @ R pccZeU


ncR _= {hfa> phed_U

phadR px pY{U ngni hK> x


nh}aU
U nh}aU |w phed_U

ngahK> ngU`H y[x pxnhA c> }ax d_U sni Y pfh_Y


.I R d_U jI Y hU U|R adaU
=mw|]h
wzT p<> g< v

h= nfS}R
neT i w = |B nfY~dx |U YnU gfeU nH
x{U nbA h= }ai
nh}aU phed_U
nbU
R phed_U

n \x {=
U nhgx{U nh_]bU w phfx{U nbUnR >nhf K >nhfhbx >nx}^i
}U }hh`> cex U pxng@
nxn\bU w nx}^fU
nefh= ng@U \>

}T|Un= }x{@ .phed_U


nh]_eU ngfY {x{U nh]_eU dL nghR

}x{b= pxng@ nxn\bU U nhbUn= pxn`dU pdhdS >nhgx{= x{U nbA


nxng@ U nx}\U pi lR ()x}n_eU x{U @}Y {A
Y % ()bR % phx}bU i nY d> p_x}I {hbL x{U R
q=nU nefh= ng@U \> px}^i Y w YncA ehwnaY x{U nxn\S
.% w ngfY }\U

RnfUnR >nx}^i bnbA n \x x{dU >nx}^i bnbA d_dU nT ?

nbA |w nbA h= cx cex x{U d_U h= }aeU


[R c_Un= nx}^i nbA nx}^i |w nx}^i h=

. nhaU nH zhZU }n_eU @}edU ng@ R paJnU }^fU :nT :}^i ()


U|T qhU w >nx} x{U nedY Y _U ngUnx U nxn\bU Y }hcU U nI {> ()
.nw{_= nY YcU ng@ :nf=nT R ni}T nY @}x }Y |w A }[U Y {x~eU
80

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

:= |w dL pUjeU

U [x U ninbLn= |w x{U nbA d_U nbA h= RnfU


.nRnfeU Y fU |w dL {A n @ei {A nfU }T|hU [x

()
R }aY
ceY }Y |w x{U nx}^i d_U nbA h= RnfU
pbhbU yh@}> Y [U |w
}Y phf^U
px}^fU dL ph_]bU phed_U

Y Rnfx ne= }ha> fx{U fdU nfegR R }^fU nL }ax |U


.d_U nbA

}hQ w LS }R U |w x{U nbA d_U nx}^i


h= RnfU
pUn= e> i phfx{U pbhbUn= eU
Y ngfhA }aY

R hY
@ .fK w nY nU _]S w neL {hU R}> i d_Y .ph_]bU

cU
px}^i
phedL
@ Y phfx pUje= ]bU [A R cU T

.ngRB dL

nx}^fU phed_U
nx}^fU h= RnfU
U L{x nfw }Y phfx{U

R}= }U
phfx{U
px}^fU
R}= }U
{L }U
px}^fU

f dR phed_U
\i
ed_U fx{U ncY } R }Y

c Zx {S @ d Un= x{U i d_U pT}A @ R hS}L


px}^fU phRnfY phfx px}^f=
|B
phfx{U px}^fU qinT U A phedL

dL cx L}I cA {fe= ?U cex L}I c= [>


px}^i
B
Y U ngBH R S}> qinT nehH phedL

.hbhU {A
Yx

}U phA
}I rY new hY R YcU ng@ nT R U|U nefU _= ni}T ()

.@}R .x{U d_U h= pS_U rY {b_U neU R


81

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

Y nI ce> |w R
U
phi{U ]U
px}^i

hbhU Y U S}> qinT nY phed_U


ngehS L }^fU }[=

lR phfx
Y qhU nfncU dB ph_R

} Rnf> ngi {x
ni w dU ph_R fL w nei >nh_]S >nx} Y x{U
}S nL nY n _H nU yax |U }Y x{U [fU ng@ gR
= ()ngdxj> neU |w R phfx{U [fU
L {x i}bU fU

neU dB Un_> dU j= }[x


gR cdU x{U dU
S }T|U

F E : U n_ > n
}={U
}cadU
nL{Y U }_x nx pH R

T S RQ P O N M L K J I H G
}S n]L L n_= nfhdL }ax U ()[ :nS}aU]V U
\R {eU }bU pRnT dL n AaY nb= fx{U fdU phngi
L
|g= hfYkeU = px}hac>
ncA { R }U
{L nfhdL x U

.ngai px}^fU
R }hac> d> phed_U px}^fU

nS _U |^w md<
RnfU pdcZY sUn_> {LS nf_ U A i :
x{U phS{
f_x |gR rx{U d_U nh]_Y h= phfx{U
hUn_U h=

ng> {A
U {dedU pA
R w d_U x{U h= RnfU }T
cZ>

R x}cU }bU }wK _= Y nghRnf> }R ]U


px}^i p
}R

dL ..:}g]Y {hgZU bx ()
!cY negfh= n_U px}^fU |w Y {][x d_x f= }bU }ha> cex ni jZi
h x i {i R nfYT Y
x}cU }bU nfd_@ nfi xj U h@ dU pd=nS phi}bU }w^U qhU

x .efT p[S
f_eU nbeU nhU nghdL ~ T}x nei phgU
{hb_U n? pbdB phahT K

R }bU dUn= ni Ykx {@ ceeU Y UnUn= .phSB neU Y pddH nh= niU
}a
x }bU P UH Un_> dUn= fYkx }R hU nfx{dR .h_Y xj= p[S k x qSU ai


|w _> n[i Y hdR nA
dL .px{U d_U
Y n Yne> fx }ha= }bU R pbdB
\R x{U
:n \x }^i pxneU i R{U :}^i dUn= U L
}bU nci p_x px}^fU
. cU UnB dU :nT
. px Hx H px {U H :U A @ ()
82

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

[A neU UnU px}^f= fYkeU L~x neT dU {fL Y n = x{U nT

p=}Un= p=n? phed_U nxn\bU :}_eU h\x d_U AU h= nf>


Y nT |U AU nL bfU U {f> phfx{U hUn_U nefh= }bH
.!x{U dL d_U x{b> _h]U
:T Q ah

\R ngd R w d_U AU h= RnfU L :


ng>}T L
Y {x nY ped Y }hQ L
fU
gR h= w nei {h_[U |w dL nf>
d_Y rx{U d_U nh]_Y h= fx{U
i}bU nehH
fU

fx{U

=nS d_x nY @ neA


{S padeU }hadU
i@ _= R w fY
phed_U
nh]_eU _U n n_Y gaU |w cx U h_Y
x }Zfx

gR
n H{bY
ng@ n= yR = nfhdL p A cZx
hU gaU |w Y
}bU |w fU |gU {x{U }bU phL}Ze= n ecA }L f_x
U Rnb? R}_Y ]> ni L ]> nL h_= |Bj> {=
cZx
fU yR R wnx ed_U ]U f_x nY nwn[Y {A rx{U d_U
]U |B nfhdL }ax nY w {x{@ }S {x{@ nR dL i}bU
.Sn]fH pUnY fU
}S nf? nL }^f= RnbU ed_U
nA @ }cfi nffcex @
_= h= d_U h= pBn nf>
} R n @{fY nT ne= = nL
q> U |U fx{U eU
.()nLeU

j]U ngf x }bH p=}U dL phed_U


nxn\bU nf= :m ghm>

nwj]B hx
}B Y Y phed_U
nh]_eU }h`>

{bR U~U Y ng^ax

. YcU ng@ nT :pd[U nefU _= p]bfU |w A HdU }^i ()


83

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

ned_U {x nY }hT
pb=nU nx}^fU j]B aZcx w hx}U

n hL n [bi {_
x AU nH dL phfx{U hwnaeU nf= lR =nbeU R
ni dL p_JnH p A
R {feU AU lR nghR
ex b_U U hA

h[a> p de@ nci {A x


dL >{S {L xZU _= }eU

.d_U nh]_Y phfx{U fU
nh]_Y h= eU

^Q mT mG

L }^fU }[= nU }wnK U nib> phLeU pH{U


R }? keU Y_U R{U Y pde@ px{U phed_U
n}R _=

:nwnZi dL {LneU ngS]i



dTm< o`T

hY px}ZU
nU i
afU R dx |U h}U R{U nT ne=

eUn= ni i w pxneU
nefh= edeU }eUn= a U
pL~fU ~_x

neUn= ni paUjR .e


x edx }x neU R @Y inH dU
n[= T{> |U }U
}cR n_H U n x_I _R{> ngfhiS
} ZU i R{U R pxneU
pL~fU |w U Un_> dU nI {S U

S nU
, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " : U n_ > n
:inH nS [ :nS}aU] 5 4 3 2 1 0 / .^ ] \ [ Z* X W V U T S R Q P O
j ihgf*dcba `_
{bR |cw [ :}H]q p o n m l k
.[ :}bU] ~ } :U QHY S nS
84

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

nH = w ngU U n= nhI @ = ax cU
neR wU U }S w h>
UnUn= Un=
T cex @Y T

nfUbL p=}U dU


\x nY T ai I R b]feU Y hdR

nwnf_e=
fL gR U Y ()U dbU ncR pe w }eU

. ndU \> }IneU Un=


{ > b_U

dc^T |_T

d]f> ngi nU ng=n f x U nefU _= pH R di nfi


R }U
U }Q _= R{> phedL
ph]H edL }Q pUnA Y

pH RncU }={U
nU
YjU
S Un_> dU @ ai ncA J

_= {fL nL |w }c> |U ngi@ he@ Y e_Y


cZ= pUjeU
x ed_U U .YnT cZ= phR}_eU ghf= }e> U x|U nZU
pUjY fL phew |g= pUje= qx
}U
ni dL
S geU

U }R }eU
\R phed_U

px}^fU Y U }x
Un_> dU @

]_> pbe_eU }U phed_U p=}U lR nfw Y .phedL


pbhbA ex L

J U neU S }U
ed_U U } R n `hd= n H ni

.pQnR nL H dL phedL
[> nf= pL}Y
ncA

~`eT v oXX

nY~U hUncU Y }gU


ngxgx U afU w x nU
U {@x neR dUn= nex ng> }x U nhUkeU
Y a U

R e`fx }U gd U pHneY U ZU R{fx R }h\U


neR nA
mbQ mbQ od a^T :US neU |w R Q dL hfYkeU }hY L nY e@ Y ()
:fL c@}cdU {aU ~fT :}^i m[K od T T od caT caT od
. i n=
85

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

.dU nA Y B }I Y ~}`U nf_U d]x gZU

}ax pYnhbU h= nex |T n L n ]=n cZhH


dU @= nex

n hSB n Yn^i hdL }ax >nhUkY


e>
U ni R{x n h=nS n L dx

R n\i phUke= >nhA h_x {x}x Y nY


.nB i Y n hLne@
{fL }h
:Un_> dU nS neT pYnhbU x @U Un_> dU @U }cfx
.[ :pYnhbU] z y x w * u t s r q

{hAU Un_> dUn= }ZU R Y n _R {_x


afU w lR |cw

U _R{> nhUkY ni dL o> }x pLn]U n_U R {hAU nehH



|gU {@ n= L ng? U px{hA>U {hUnbU n_U L d U
U pLn]U n_U nh\be= ~U Y }R gU oAn R{fx {bR
!pSnZU hUncU |g= ad cx U U|= }Yjx U }B U @= bU
ewzT RT cK m@ v

dL p]BnH _R }Y
w nUU nI _= f > cx {S

nHneeU _= @ R nA pB} w pY~eU


phfx{U }U _=

p=}U B Y nf^A {S .phfx{U nLneU _= ng= b> U phiniU

{>
nY{fL x{U Y ai nh pUnA h_x |U deU nZU _=

nY _Y
rx{U B Y Zc> H ilR @w {x{> >ngI R
nexU \R R x{dU US {L R qhU {fL pdcZeU nH _Y
}x U p_h^aU pwZeU
pfU |w Y ai R w nei Un_> dUn=

Y jx x{U y deU nZU _= p@{U H L ngex{b>

.fx{U nei Y x }> |U }hh`U phincY

n@ Y (}T ngd_U) ng= j= px}I h= }hT R pe?


neT
86

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

{h_= x{U n@ Y }hcU rh= nZU hU h= x{U


T
U _ex gbdS egax g@w nZU ew L {_U
g=dS U U gJneU yh[U dH cdex gdH
= g_e> TnY gxi nZU nx{fY ebx gUbL
w{@nY g>h= R nZU gh>jx }^fx U L _R}x Un_x
!x}B = S}]x x n@ T gHnfx g= hdx i x}_Y
nw }Y w = ngU nH nhijZU nL |w Y }hcU Y
TnY phRnbU phnx}U nZU i bx |U x{U Un_R nhB
p=n@ g>nY U _x g@w gYew U neHU g_e>
hU }^i ne= = Y}A w o@x U Z= U }h\x U gdH L
x{U nedL o@ Y .>}@ LnI dL }A nT h_= nfU
gfh= nfU Y Zh_hU SU U ph@n_U g@}= Y U~fx >neA
}baU ew Y }TjR }T =}bx nS}]U R Zex H dB{x
.gLn@
}wn^eUn= }`x
R }h[= n ^bx cx deU nZU dL lR =nbeU R
nbU
ai x{U n> d_U nL Y _U ng= x U nhdcZU

>}@
bH nw}hQ }=nfeU dL eH }T|x (_U |w ) }x R
dU px pdh\aU pAneU oAn :hS Y phdhU
nbU Y pdRnS

ni}T|x nY n hI nbU d> pbhbA Y dex i Y .. {geU pY_U


nw}bgb> Y R U{i B R |U hI = U }LnZU Se=
R jZi R}U dL }
fcU U|= hdL }I = bx{ nU Q}=
H deU gZx x|U ngTdY nA pebeU
nx{U d> nA nh=

nS nbUn=
:
87

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

U{i R i{ w ~ x neY

ng_Y
}hQ R pcdeY
nbU

{\_Y nghR {bY neH

()
{H pU n Bnai cx }gUnT

dhdQ }x x|U hhin=}U ned_U L rx ax nZU dL


{U dL @Y ned_U kw R}_eU egi _Zx A}U
.pUn pA Y d> nR

phYH pUnH}U bY dL x}A dY nI T U L @i


nfi

pegY gehU ~T}eU


fx{U {U R {g@ n]eU {S |x j=
f hU nei }B pahK }B edL [> U nT ne=}R x{U @
phfx pRnb? Y nZU hU
H gaU dwkx ne= h gfY {_=

U nfHn= H n\R U dbi fL nR{U deA Y f cex [i


pLne@ dL }cA hU fx{U {U lR {h@ nZU ngegax U }[_U p`U
.A}I fU gR }c> ph>fgT pbJ H R hU pfh_Y

meacA h me a c A cT v

|w R
nU }wnK pH nfY~dx pY{beU
phgfeU
H

p_@}Y
ngI H cdex gi fhbx .ngU }^feU
= rZx
nY T
p_=nY R }T HdU
ngZU T
x nbeU nT .{hfaU }dU pd=nS

|w nU }cadU {x kY phedL
nh}R
Y }]x nY nehH
nh}aU

pH U pHnY
p@n= w Un_> dU @= hbhU ~U~> ngi Y U
@= hfYkeU ned_U Y }U w _= ng= bx Yji p[[Y
phedL

A}]x nY dL pUn_U |w R aci nff cU .gfx L }^fU }[= dU

g\_= oi eU SnhU n= _Y w|dU fU L }hH :}^i ()


.U{i }geU neL = {eY U L xT|eU hhU
88

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

:nfU nbx rhA Un_> dUn= nex }cR h> A x{deU _= }x


pUjY lR nwneU |w R c>nS _h\>
dU @ L > U

}cR }Y
w dU :nbx Y~U nghdL naL pex{S }cR {Q {S UnU
}> px{= phU S neU R j= }hwneU nfS }Sn_U _= nw}c= phfw

()
dL ngec= ehg> I T
e> I T

R aci nfi . I T
a[i U dU @ :bUn= nL{U nedcU |w n dL }U
hdU b_U phRn[U }]aU = \b> nhgx{U {= Y = gx{= }Y w
.[> Y }T w @ hw}=
cex hT h>
LY [fY b_U
gR i :bU cS{
}h^fU ]bfeU {= ^fU |g= pS{U pe^_U |g= n iT }cR bx

UnB = {@x }AnU neU |g=
{_U Y r_fx ^fY
!!IU

f > ni f= Y pbAnU
phUn`U }i ~i nfi R oU w |w _U
dL ni }]hH ed_U ]U
nhU {b>
Y Q}Un= dU @= bU

y[> d> ncR oUnQ .Un_U Y }hT R inbU nhH p_h]U


zxnU neU Y ~@
nfYx U q^RnA ngilR UnU @ }cR
B dL phLne@ y}ZU dY {U nghdLnR nw\A dL |w
|U }Y px}caU ng>nxY
Un_> dU @= nbL px}]R
dL hU }Ikx

dL x ne= U pw{= = oA
Ax }caU |w {x SnL T
.hw}= pU Y ngU nx nY
ne= {A {fL }]aU heU nbL |w gK }ai

hT ?
L kUn= x}B U g@x
R naJ
gi Ai rhA ~hheU H

bi dU {L {eY :hUj> x{U :}^i ()


. phn]RU wneH Y _= L
89

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

|U Y neU qbdB hT ni {@ hT dU {=

UnB {@Y Y |cw {@ U T :gU hS ng> nge^i



j= hhnbU
U gin_R{x n H oY T
gdbL g>}]R lR ^fY

neilR I dL
|w .o_U }`H
heU |w px}]R
dL {x
.ini {@U R }`Y i

n_[U R pYnL
ni f= {fL heU |w gK }ai
n \x nfU hT
negi ne`i o= nfL o> oh`> {S px}]aU
nxn\bUnR {{ZU

[x nY n UnQ [> bh> nY nL}H cU ngYew nhU QnZY R


{bax U n_[U _= @i nY{fL nS S U @= nA |w
hR w neY
nbi dL }hQ {b= ph>|U >nincY >{b= Y }eU nghR
S
@ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3: U n_ > n

.[ :cf_U]B A

j= phaU {A {fL pdH |w gK _U }ax


cU |w
ne=
R gaeU |w qH}Q U ph=}U U }Y = }]aUn= U pSL |w
Y nbx nY U }Y n_[U {{ZU R ni {U gK nw
Y p ZbUn= eU
|BkeU neA Y n RB nfU R
nx x}`U

.pUneU
n_[U {{ZU {fL U n@ nY h_fbY
x|w
}hQ x}haU

.Ubi nY Rnf> gR ph qinT U A ngilR pUneU B Y U

}ha> gR }[A ph=}U U naJ {U T|eU heU n@ nY

ni f= ^_Y {fL Un_> dUn= nex nZi n _fbY hU R}Y


bR ph=}Un= }ha> gx }Y i {b_i |w nfYx U zxnU }R |fY
90

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

x{U dL gh=}> dL {A e_x U nI {fL heU |w gK {i nfi


.phinex {b_eU

ph=}U jZfY nei n x}]R hU UnUn= nex w }Y |w nT ?


Y nUn= nfU hxY nfS pTn_eU ph=}U ]> U U :ji nfilR
Y >nhRU n> R n fehgY nT |U nU }caU
dL eL
n Y{Y n_YnU {eU R hU L{U nUn= }hZU
nH T
}hZU fY x{U h> U _H n x}b> n YnL h_H {eU
h@U pRnbU
x ]x U d T U Y =
|U afU Y nex x~x nU |
}]R U nL nfU hxY ni{@ T|eU n^fU nhgi }e= ilR
!Un_> dUn= nex

dUn= nex }cR qH}Q U w ph=}U qinT i :n \x j> U


Y hU nf= {fL gaeU |w }Q eR pbAU nh@ nw R
bY n gh@> {i nfi ni f=
.nex px}]R
H U|U

_= Y RB phi ni R |U w gU :maw md<


nwneH phhQ
b= ng]= U n hedL }ha> ngU {x U U ph_h]U }w^U
oTcU ngi e ZU }]eUnT }w^U |w _= n ewY
U
L }_>
ng\Q H}> bf> ngilR o\`> nY{fL w _I ngU phA
nfnT
nw}hQ U cU }L nin\haU ~U B Y ng]H
nY ng>nL nghU h=}bU x{b= nwnb> nA |U ph_h]U cU Y
.]>
}Zi |cw UnU @ }cR qbd]i |cw U U

naY n? pA nfS S dex n \x }haU {v



{bU {L p_h]Un= gU pUnA Y qbd]i }cR U UnUn= nex
91

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

n]H nY{fL ni nf_Y |w paheU nw}wK _= }ha> dL

p@n=
{ _ x U nw}H edL }ha> dL }_x nw}wK gax p_h]U }ax

nex lR Ai neT c_Un= }Y Y .nbL nex |w Y U


nw}H U qaZc> p_h]dU ni gR ned T \A S ~x dUn=
}T n fhbx Sn_U Un_U ~x rhA hS{U ngYn^i ph_U nwnxnB pdw|eU
nY pL}U h^fU pS{U
Y hdL nY dL p_h]U |w Y j= S Y
.ngaf= ngai {> n L {@U qinT
Y nw}hQ nf_U gU Y }>
ni :bU nffcex n YnB
}?keU
dU U bhH U lR pSn? }^i Y U }^i phb]fYU
pU hw}= U nx neY
hU Un_> @ j= }L U Un_>
U }g^eU w }hQ cx hcR }hQ Y n A {I
gR hdL }hQ ngehbx

md< gcK zw
gS :QhU nYU feU nL{U R n@ neT
v bw @ T ~gT mX f]T X |g_T bw gT |a`X ? Q v
gT T m= @ pP X T |f ] dT
b= @ z ^ < X gcK zw

|A m gR mfgcK }= |= gK pgdK gT = T v m>


()
i {ZU
ZU ax ne=
cU . m gZh @
X T ^= T zK oa`
:pY^feU R ~U nS neT gK

gK R JnU }wn^U

i }aU aB w Y nx

()

. i n= ()
pYn_U Y S {}aU }Q }I :}^i }hgZU phadaU Y^fY ~U = gH neY
w qhU |w ()
. w }gJ p_Yn@ nZi bY {gY :hb> }_U }wU
92

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT


pbA pdA}Y U rx{U bfi Un_> dU @ A ngZU ]> Y
pSL L rx{U ~hT}> nfw nfegx Un_> dU n> nf>nhUkY {x{> w
pSL nZU fx hT :ai kU }ax rhA Un_> dUn= nZU
}U Y pQnaU {YnU b]U L {h_= Un_> dU Y p@ni ph
e\eU
p@{Y
{_Y
o>}Y ngU Un_> dU Y p@nfU pS_U :T

nH dL dU Y gSL b> x|U heU


p>}Y w o>}eU |w S

()
nhH ngilR nf=dS R Un_> A

B . e]U U hU oU

oU |@ {Sx |U w y@nfU n_U sYni}U {bL .}YnL ^>


}x dU nw}\x U dbU nghR }nA dU chU nf=dS R gU
hA ilR sYni}U |gU phde_U ]U L . A{Y n YY|Y n]hZU ngfY
x{U w :=nT R dH
{x{> oU
nY dL }cU }bU A

pS_U R oU
f_= w ph\bU
|w nhU {_eU
nU eU R

.dU Y

o v c T z K m X R m T m K c Q o P c T z K m X R :fL nehR Q hfYkeU }hY bx ()


^ T mK c Q
mK c Q |b H c T zK m XR zg
. pQU sgi :}^i | @

93

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

w|\T cK \A

U }hI nfw fegx


ilR ncU U R ni}T neL }^fU }[=
:Un_> dU Y p@nfU pS_U nf= phahT
R hhHnH h>]B

R dU \A } pS_U |w phewj=
nfHnA w :T \T

nZU }eQ R oh`x {S fcU x}]R w{= Q nA |w nf>nhA


necU Y }hcU _Y oh`> R dU yeH nQ gU w

}bH A}U eU Y pUnU


nZU hg> U pxf_eU
phA}U

:nI cU p [dY p h[i ngg@i


|gU Lne@ aJn_U afU

hef> dL eL
dS R dU \= }]aU nA |w dL }A

w ye> }An= n`x j= U ye>


>nh\bY Y i

\A Un_> dU @= bfU }]aU nA n`hR = r_>


.TdH aJnL }cR R hU nY H qijR >nhA R

nfU pYL w }hcaU hU :kUn= hU @>


i ..~x~_U nZU ngx
|U ZUnR nxn= =@ cx H {hTjUn= nhU |w R
}cax

.{hTj> c= y@ni I w d@ e_x U ]x


beU }Y

kH UjH ilR U|T }Y nT


YkeU {fL }B qhU :}B
ngwn@ ngUY ngUneL nhi{dU pehS R b= beU w
' & * $ # " ! :U n_ > dU nS }B ni }B
% $ # " ! :U n_ > inH nS [ :dL](
ni}> gR [ :[bU]1 0 /. - , + * )( ' &
}BU ]i
nw ng>{L ngU hgi
nw}Yj= }cai
w }B
L ni{_x nf L h}x Un_> dU Y nf=}bx
eL T
94

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

:inH nS ebi \Q

9 :U n_ > dU nS dU b> w }B .[ :x}U]
.[ :}bU]A @ ? >= < ; :

U neU w :oghmT \T
Y pS_U pYH nfU Yk>
phdeL
p]B

nc= U p@n= nfU Un_> dU


Y {_Y
pLY p]UnR
ni{fL Y p]B

nggfY p_x}ZU n@ dL }hUn= e> w Un_> dU S


yU oAU
@ ni {bx
U R dU d_x A }B }Bk
x
rh= Un_eU
.x{U
n_H e\x U|= n
nL{U
}T|U
U [U Y ngLi pRnc= phL}ZU n_U ox
}]U nHU w Un_> dU Y pS_U ncI Y U }hQ U [U U
hU ng]H= d[hU = _Y ngUB Y dhU n_U Un_> dU nw{L
U
n_dU e \ > } R > i {U R }ax pxn_U pY^feU |w lR |U
b_Y {S
Y g=}bx
n =n= ~H R hQ}dU ya> A}U }bH Y
.>n@nfY |x|d= ijx n hA eH
Zh_hU aU Un_> dU

fL q> hdS neL


L}ZU n_U sYni}U hna> U L nfU
.A}U naU pdcZY nZU

z<m^T mYT [Q

Lna> }T d_> phbfU


pS_U R pxhA

>}]R nZU {bL


fhL qSU R cU
.nfU Y }hQ Y n_Un= nb> {I
Un_> dU Y

}T nx}`eU U =|i pA}U o_d U gd U U nZU h Y nT rhA


95

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

Un_> dU {fL =? cx ne=


p hew
pnB
>n_U ]_hH U lR }hQ Y
{=n_U nZU {Y pax}ZU pxfU rxnA R nfw Y }hQ Y }T
:jZU |w R U rxnA Y pSn= |w }hcU zhZU dL dh\a>
:aw o bdT z<m^T mYTm< vmw Tm^= cT
:PdU H L
.()c? X =fH |= !zK T |]h
.()nmT mYT nw
:P fL
Tm^= cT

H X mX nm= mH X Tm^= cT T n@
H X mX :P fL
.()..gm^X cK gaX ygH X Tm^= cT T _<

z^< z^=
{T ygYT cK m Q z^=
{T z<m^T mYT [Q :P fL
.()meT |mG cK gcG|dT [`S eG |S mX

Q o^G :P fL
mK mX :cJ J w ? }K
cT |K J
}K
? TmdH K m`AiQ egdg< zZ=
? ?
cT mK Q iYh mH
}K cT |S
XjdT mA aT ? ? }K cT ogYA X megK pm`Q m gTmA ?
gT ?|w gh Q zdT X |A ? ? }K
cT Q @ h :maQ
.()gdTm^T cT mA h :maQ mf`h T md? |X K ?

}hB nZUn= ch :hR bx P }T H}U U ~_x rx{A pe?

U Q nffcU ()pnU pYn_U pfU dL U{> x {R gilR

. ne_U ~fT :}^i ()


. ne_U ~fT :}^i ()
. ne_U ~fT ()
. ne_U ~fT ()
. nU yh {[dU n[U ()
.nw}hQ =b_hU zhZU pAneU nZU nf= R {LS nT A ()
96

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

pfU oT R p_hZU oT R }x U rx{U |gU {[Y dL }_i U


.H}Y h_ {f= U

w|\T ZT

}JneUn= pRaY x}J w hU _U dU Y pS_U x}J cU

[d Un= Y
gU fx~x
nfU dL de_x x|U }]U n]S
hwni |w Un_> dU L gA U _x gU HHx n_eU
h sgfY neL U p@n= {_U nT nfw Y .Un= nY
afU L
nghd> ? }U Y nghd> dL e_U Un= nY
afU {wnY R
.inH dU oA
ngH dL n\aUn=
R p_ pdgH phdeL w nZdU pfUn= afU {wnY {wneU
U }]aU U n ZU }S oR ngUgH nY .fhL qSU
}Y
neT }hB T
()
}hh`U i ~a Y }hU oA
dL ]aY }e_U bY R gR px}U R
~a Y A }H p_hJ }wnS nL {`hU }U nc> { _ x U
fx{U }he p?Y
ng=_ nY
.}hQ Y }T pUn_R
pYdU
ai bx
p}L d_x nY = p]heU nx}`eU }T nZU {U ~x}`U S
oR
p}aU w nZU pdA}Y b> U Y .n? }Q nI R SdU
.nghT~> afU ox|gU deU
R n@ nY U nfHn= ngx|g> afU phT~U Y sgfeU w nY :kU
pfU yh x}cU }bU

T |G fhkQ z@m< bgcK :nghR n@ Q n[U nY L px}eU ()


RncU :}^i |gA S
.
97

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

oKmZdT eT

i {=
{b>
ne= }T|
afU ox|g> phahT A kU L ohi S
d>
{S ngf cU phRn }]R e> w {U> qinT phini afU Y
nghR afU |w nh[B
Y = pJnU pRnbUn= {HnaU ph=}Un= nY

i
~}`U yUn[eU Y }i U pUnhY
gR ngna R }? k> {S phdB

afU w = x}cU }bU fL }_x


nY w neU nA dL U
ngi neT .[ :fU] :U n_ > nS
a U hbU Y }U
pA}U pL{U
gd U U pUnhY
afU fL

x{=n_U x nY U ()p=feU n@nfeU _= R |gU nL Y


ngx|gU Un_> fY hRU _U odJ dU U afU |w pxncI Q
T mX Tm< m `h bH gT fT :T|eU n@nfeU b> ngA
TmfdT TmX < c= o|^X
\T o^TX gm^d< mX og\T
}= |YT mfX
X ocwI c^T |gS Tmv v zeK ec^=
.()fT oc`_Tm< jcdX fc T n^c T T oTmgX ed= |gT mfX

ox|g> w Rnhi nK w {A R oU }_i nfw Y


4 3 2 1 0 / . .x}cU }bU }T neT nghT~> afU
A@? > =<;:9876 5
.[ :p_eU]B
}L|Un= nfh[x `fx afU i L rx{A Y {b> nY cU

`d> rh= }wnS {S qhU fU |w nA jhU U nf_R{x

U nfbbA neT Q x{=n_U x nY U n@nfeU |w ni ? {_U QU p=fY nfdS nei ()


. oU x{U w nT AY R
. i n= hTnZU n@nfY :}^i ()
98

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

|w nS R Un_> dU dL nhB x}A n[> ni


}hU nh\bY R{= }]aU px{g= phini afU
{S fU
U pYd U afU = }bU hex nY dB{U }he\Un= hei cex nY
` _ * ] \ [ Z :U n_ > US R gU b dU Y q_S
.[ :pYnhbU] b a
}[U {x afU {h_ dL pLn[eU fU |w \B R i ?
necU }hU {gU x}J nx :}hcaUn= |Bjx }aU {U dB{U
bx Un[Y U Y kx |U x}]U nx S nZY >n=_ dL A}U
hw
Un= ~Y

gH x}J oUn`U R w >nQ

px}T gd _U pT}_Y R }hcU bx nU |w \B


R

S nfU
.[ :Hx] : U n_ > n
S nY R ]bH x|U }ZU hU nf= h=nS nT {S
: U n_ > n
.[ :{neU]

nfYnY }> dB{U }[U nI |w H


afU ng@ phew

{i pehdU }]aU nh\bY px{gU i ohd`U ngfY }aY


x}]T
.Un= nY afU n]hZU nH gU dL An[U }he\U
aR padeU phfx{U [fU hdL {T
neT }T ngU w afU ng@
:nS _@ nedR
r_= P fU Q dU {L = L rx{U

px}=
nY dU H nx :hS |S mfT a< |_ mfT [R a< m @|X
}T ng@ afU ng@ nT nei .()~`eT mf? :nS }T ngU
Y {L Y pT}_Y R hU phdB{U w ai Y pT}_Y R nfw ni
. RncU ()
99

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

{S B{U {L nY i x }L gfx hdL {_x nU


T `h zK zK :P dU H L px}eU rxnA _= R
.()ge? g<

~`eT nw{f= ogcdK


Q ngTmG X

{wnY R ngd\R ohUnH Y A {beU


kU U _i nfw

ngx|g> afU

A ni}T nY nL h_= |B Y) bi kU |w L p=n@ R


Y dH \R x}]U :(dU Y ph[U pS_U dH
:]B {L n> R ex afU ox|gU
oeT
mbT rfeX }T

ncU sgf= afU }U ox|g> phdeL


R ~U w :U ]U

phA}U pxn_U pY^feUn= |B phL}ZU hUncUn= e_Un= eeU pfU

|w U nI >jH) .RqhU w pe P fU L nf>n@ U


pHneU qS {L Y R}x {=
T|eU pY^feUn= |B (pY^feU
S ngx|g> afU
* : U n_ > n

h[> U p@n= YkeU .[ :nLnfU]

H}Y dU {gR = ()
ZT R id_U nS LnU ni L{U {L :nT R
rx{A Y {wnI U h_ nfHl= {w~U R bghU hf@ h= U ai {L {L :naU
gZeU ad U |g= U h_eU R phfUn= x{L {L x}hT pfU dL }x i
:hS nY A nY {L
R }Rn= {L {L pfU dL
]d H nY =j= qhd= i
nfL >nbI @
gU ai nhi{U hd=
{L gd T U hT
.( naU ZT)
100

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

rx{U R {S ngUnY ngHneU af= BU qSU |w Y


h= R mvh Gm= R b`h Gm@ :gZeU fU
ph]U nwn? nghahT pHneU L rx{A nfU ()|S |^cT }f=

.A}U }aU nZU fL q> pbA }bR R >jhH


nT
mG cK cT X oR^T me<

pe^L n_ZH hH R nU _U w {h_[U |w dL phinU ]U


d_Y
[_x oeU
afU R {bY A |@ nb= Un_> dU

.Y oT n hfU {U dL }x = hA

bY Y U dU x}J Y deU ni nY hU i {bL


A}U }bH Y
w qY{b>
|U x}cU }bU eH |U x}]U
>]B
hU eU w x}]U |gR fL rx{U Y {x~Y >jhH phde_U

R dU pY
}`hH i = oR A}U eU }_U Y pUnA U
\R oU
n> L
R n cx}I _Y | x dR dU pY

Y odbU
X fT n@nfeU R {S phbUnU n_U pLn]U R U x}I
eK _<mQ <|a< ~h {T X z< eK |Q X @ {T
rx{A
U n= `Zx dR oU nH dL dU Y SL fx Y .() @

:}_ZU {A bx AeJ xnQ dU n {`x = U pfU


{L nf@ n n

nTn = oh]> {L w

S
~ } : U n_ > n

. rx{U afU ng@ = Y nU p_hZU nH ()
R ni}T nY n@nfeU |w {fH A @ Q x{=n_U x nY U p=feU heU n@nfY Y ]bY ()
x{U w :nT AY
.nw{_= nY oU
101

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

.[ :p=U]

ni eUk> nY {b= fg@ ni eUk> U Un_> dU pY


h_x Y lR |cw
.ohU {bR }gU
| <
X zgG fT mw efQ :QhfYkeU }hY bx

.()R|Q cK | gbQ <{K cK


mYT mg@ Q zaT ogdv

ngA afU ox|g> phdeL R }hT {Ln> pUn? ]B pe?


lR U U
Y pe P fU w neU |w R {bU pUn {S n> n= e>

.nR}_U nd[U nhU Y gH{Y R =}>


Y Rh= w

nY afU phT~> R g=n> gaSY kw }hH n\H ox

.ox|gU phT~U pegY


R nZdU h_Y }hB w

q@}>
U ph=nZU nefU x{b> dL e_x fx{U n]Un= {x

U pnU
phew
Q }n_eU nfUnh@ U h H pH{Y Y

nw}cR ngTdH ng=}> nLn= pY[_eU nefU ngdH nfU nw}Rx

pY[_eU }hQ nefU n\H }_I ilR U~U j]U Y [Y


:U pnB ~hY hY[_eU pH{Y R q=}>
U

nA pUnY L {_= gTdH e> g= {SU L :

U L{x nY{fL nL _U hL{x


neT {S dL {bU {_= d _U
P fU pe[L n h hU |_U |w Y .[_eUn= {S

.x{U ~}`U @ af> x}Z= `d> Q nY


.heT nL{= }_eU Q hfYkeU }hY nL Y ]bY ()
102

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

pH{Y Y q@}>
U ph=nZU nefU |w n\H U U :m ghm>
gnIj= n ax}_> gneHj= n gxf> kgU nR }x{b> ex RhY[_eU
odQ L
R w g_SY
pYn_U = =nZU hU |gU pUgY nh[I

d_U w S Y kg= x}_U R [bU }h[bU cx {S !hedeU


Y Y}U deU nZU {hdb> }wnK dB b> U nH {A w
.w}hQ {bU }T L h=}]eU hdeeU Y YH n\aU nB

@T oGzX mQ|K X

hUn_> phi}bU pH{eU :bU nffcex pUn[U {bU L rx{Un=


h@ =}>
dU nL Y
qLn]H {S Rh= w P }T fU
ddU pR}feU ]U L {h_= pR}_eU A
dU R}L x|U hUn[U
:nZU hU Y w kw Y {L
}T|= aci .A}U
agdT <mZT

L Qn[U nY nf?{A |U =n[U nZU kw }= Y


T |]eQ xZT meTm< c PcT G
: fL nehR nS [S

mP d? h zR hT |` ZX G|< fw `w zdT Q mH
Q mw p gS :PcT G T maQ G Q megK
.m eRX p :mR


egaw oaga@ mdQ oaga@ gaw bT
:mR TR X PcT G n^Q

|?v idJ cgT |fG eh}@ {T v cT G mw egaw h :maQ


nZh zR <
|K T |]h hiS @ mfgQ mX mghzT K `h pQ}^Q
d^ew
oeT v T |]h hiS feX mh T{T T |Y@ mcT
103

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

mfgQ v meT v T |]h hiS b X cK Qm^w oeT Q

.^XmX Q zw meT |gQ dG hiS A|\ZX <{^X

ph mX }T :mR > mdwm< cR cT h


zK {v :<m cT G maQ
.p>mQ |Z< }B }B R .gcK

cT G T mKzQ ^X mfYT cT G mw T
:mYT mR
mS |`h o^= z^< zfY GmQ PeT }P ^< Q |A qcw cQ P
.()|Hm^T v
mfYT T |T mg@ X :|gdK < n^ZX

o_[Y nZU =n[U w neU |w R }T|i |U }B efU


}Zi R _x {x{U x{Un= dhU pcY R }U nhA }> |U }heL =
nx hU L{U H
phYH pUnH}U eA U neA nR{i c=
}eU heU pcY R o_[Y nT {bU .(feU
pfx{eU) }x w U

nhU Y cx nY A c> Y qinT inx


K
= nT U {eU
H B U new }nH dL i\ax inY}cx x= h= h_x
wx {\L Y U qax
= naR gdU }U nhA }R dS

f cU {gU =n }h`>
A o_ ZU R dU H Y ncR .ex~L Y
fU ={i |gU .}hcU ZU fY d _> x}cU }bUn= fQ }aU |w R
x}cU }bU ngdw hd_U pfx{eU U nw|U pegY w pdhd@ pegY U P
~U UnY dL ]x x T R }x ncR . Hn= gax}_>
gfY nZU hhR H U wL{x
HU B dL o_[Y K
.() PdU H {x h= {A pT}_Y R {gZH U
. RncU ()
{gU Lj= U L nZw = pxfU }hU :}^i ()
104

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

nmT mYT

aR Qn[U nYU x}n_eU nZU {A w :rUnU efU


:nS ~eA = = d_=
n[U nY n {A L rx{U

eeU
QdU {L = dL U jH :nbR phY f= n T Y x{ U nT
qfT i {R qd_@ :nS ? d@ d H B nedR
U jR U qijHnR
nY wnhi Y qjR (phY
R q\eQ }hT
f=) bU kw x R
.(}A Y w A Y :w U jH U ) !Un]Y

fT w fT nbw X z? ogX e<


T :QdU {L = nbR
Q mX meT fS|= T mea@ mhcG mX fKmd? zfYw feK =maw `T
.fwzw Q R mX m gH z? mX fwzw
}Y Y U gR {R qd_@ :aU nbR
^`= T pcR :QnS
._R :nS

gcK feX pQ|K dQ fhw X pS mX gd? X |AmQ :nS


.oeT ? }K cT cK T d mh < pRzZ=
|^= T X TmX
xJ aU }JjR
.{R qd_@ qd_R {S :nS

@ dL n hI }> neR pRcU U nf_Y aU @}R :~eA = = nS



n =nh? U nfx}I peS U nfebR i{= dL U =nh? A fY }B
.pbaf= hU nf_=
aHhU nw {eY zhZdU YH zxnU pLHY }dU n@}U YnS
.
105

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

hdL > neR :nS


n Yx qdB{R :nS _i nf cR }Y A S }gI
An U R {bU dL nx :U nS ? hfhL yaR (n\A) U
R w
.()..}Y nfhUR nY ?
}@nw nhi{U |dY qT}> U nU ph=nZU neH Y U }hQ U
U nefU |w Y {x~Y U n bA }hZi H .PUH U Un_> dU U
nwgU nhi{U }> L qd > Un= nY afU dL }[f> qLn]H
}bH ngU e\x ne= nexn= pe_aY ngfcU p_Y nhA nh> @
.()phYH pUnH}U eA R nw n \x ngU nT }h^fU ]bfY n hA
w|bT |aT mv|S og<mH mdh

U pU@ R nfw nY YH nfxn> dL }^fU ni}[S U |w


}hcU n \x {i R pS}ZeU >H nfR pb=nU nH}U zxn>
w Ox}Y px{bU |gR |> {S e> U ph=nZU nefU Y
>nx Y {x{_U R nw}T x}cU }bU {d B {S paha_U }wn]U naU ei
x|U gcU w phR kw ngeHn= phi}S H q[[B A pTneU
Un_> dU U jU phf?U }ZU R n`U g_eY gYS Y }R

S
: U n_ > n

*
*
" ! *
10/.-,+* ) ('&%$#
. RncU ()
.gfU phdeL R nZU }bR =}U eU :}^i ()
106

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

.[ :gcU]3 2

w kw yUn[U cadH w kw :bUn= hU nf=nI U @i


nfi
c>{S hU wn]B dL }hU gx{w Y ngdH chdL x|U c>{S
dH R dex {S |U }cU oL phiaU pdeeU iaU }]eU
{S B hbU ~hY R f cU o_dU R Ani H ni Y n hI
.. {@ n xnL n ini cx

107

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

~`eT nw{f= Q oK|YdT |gP |\T


}hQ }B n S}J pe?
x}]U =nbY R

lR }ZeU x}]U w {beU

nghT~> afU ox|g> phdeL R Un_> dU Y pS_U nf= R pL}ZY


:ngfY }J ? U }hZi dx nehR

m? w|I

nbL {_Un=
nw}[> Un_> dUn= pS_U ~@> U x}]U w

(nY}eU
}> n@U _R) nTn= e_U U> db_U dbU

dU o=
n \=ni dS cx n> |w n {U geUnR .}T|> phew

nY \be= qdeL U {_= w


Un_> @= n fSY d bL cx
!e_> U edL

{ ~x (p} bfY phYH pS}R) p@}eU n ex{S nwnf > {S {hb_U |w

}cfx nY{fL hedeU _= {i rhA |w nfYx U }x {hb_U |w


n_U gT } > w~}`U nf_U gSJ n_eU R gHne`i ghdL _U
R nex :U UbhR fhL p@}eU ]fe= U }x
gilR }aU
nY {A dL {_> n ah^i dS cx w nH odbU

.ginex bi g> _ ng= }x


U nedcU Y U
ng= L|x
108

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

}cR hU nexnR {x{H }hQ pdJn= {hbL w {hb_U |w ox

H
dH U U pRnn= w nei oR odS p\i }Y

phfw
H {S nY}eU
}dU }> n@U }aUn= ~U ohJ

d B

|R ncaTm< oQ|^X mdw :n@jR nex L px}U R neT QdL


.()mSm< dK mc Tm<

dL }U |w ]B Y RqhU w Y pe i {bR nfw Y


aR w~}Q ww oHnf> ngiT ncR |w gxg> x|U nZU
baw R qwzTm< S m< :Qn[U nY L rx{U

dL w}]B `U Y }x|U {bR fhL odU .()o?|dT fgT


Y d bx pR}_eUn= naT dL bx } cR Y idex nY n \x nZU

n_U phew
:Qn[U L rx{U aR nZU dL }]B cZx

()
{S .. cT cA |H
fhz`w _T b<mH cK {@
_T kQ
R eU |w nf=
.()@}hdR
}B Y

oQZdT
w|I

L{x |U dU
nR}_U [U
w nw{e_x U w inU x}]U

L n_= ~LU
w x}]U |w phL}I
{L R @U .nhi{U |dY

bU = {= nhU L ~_i f_> dU b>


h_x U w phbhbU

.ng>n?dY
R }`x ng>nY R d]fx nhU {hY R ni ng_Y

. RncU :}^i Q n[U nY L }h^i pQU sgi ()


{_= HnH {[Y ngilR R h= w P fU nx w rx{U = [beU RncU ()
.ph[U phYH {hb_U nf= R x}cU }bU
. H]dU UnY ()
.nw{_= nY nhA ohUnH hwnaeU R }S InL :nT }^i ()
109

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

p=d]Y qhU afU nfeJ A}U na[U


pUnA U ni
Y p=d]Y w nei pdeU pdhHU x}]U L }^f U }[= nT nY hT
ni {_> ngij= ~he> ohUnH w phL}ZU
ohUnHn= |B B

inR}L cU
Un_> dUn=

n_U nT P dU H}R nhU L U~_>


hfYkeU }hY .phHnhU
phLne@
nhU }_Y R h_x Y _fex U

T
YS T p@{U A PdU H {_= inU n_U nT Q
{heU H R inR}L nex nT U Y f cU .()m egaw mX m\_T
pU~Y B Y
h B A n hHnhH n xng@ n hLne@ pL}ZeU neL T
@ _U U
{w h= }U R T}I QinR}L h= nf>
:d U x{U a
bx cU p]ddU YH

{i
U
~L
|gdR

@
}hbR
>nR
Hni

{
>na R q_e@

TnA
{wnY hcA
{w

} Z= R _e@ nY h I
S
n_U

g d Y nA
()
]dU Y hfU x dB
neU fY |x j=
i pbhbU
d U x{U a nghU nI U na[U |w h= nf>

nY f`U SY R qi {w c> fcehR


neT n YnbY n wn@ hR}U

nhU }_Y R h_> qi Un_> dUn= n_U c> incYl=


phLne@

hY hU = ~U p=_ dL }Y |w ..phHnhU



|_Y

nfU }nT >nhA nex w bU {w~U pe S d= I Y cR

}_Y
hdS S ni}T {S eeU nf= L ~_fx Y[U R h_x
w Y =
incR H pH{Y R =}>
eY
ph=nZU nefU _=
. LeU cU hL ()
. p_hZU nhL :}^i dU nx}H = ~x~_U {_U nh= |w ()
110

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

.Y[U nR}L Y {heU nR}L Y inT gi {h= nR}_U

U pbx}]Un= {_i ni{x}x ilR {_i ni{x}x neT Un_> dU dL


Un_> dU ni{@ |gU bJ neL Y i L}i ne= w nw{x}x
~eU }Y }x U i U pdeU n_U }J ohUnH nfU {A
{S
.>n_U pnB
}J }B fx R {= L ningi = n_U

n]bi n SJ o@x yh[U nR}_U x}J :bU n[S

fcex YkeUnR g_Y U nfU L ng>|dY


nhi{U L deU
R = n@nfeU n S [x
pxn_U
n@Un= ~U U pRnn=

Y hf_x nY egx
ilR ngfU R nY oeU
w neT hdU

nehR }x

S rhA P hfU
< : U n_ > n
dU ed L nY |w ng>nd ]Y nhU kI
[ :Y~eU]J I H G F E * C B A @ ? > =
Un_> dU U = }_> phA
pAnhH R d]fU n S [>
hd U aR

phHnhU phLne@ nhU nY R }>


yU d]f> ngfU R

TjR Unh_U U x}cU h_U nY~dY hYjU _> pxnU


S oh]U e_> ~> }Z>
8 7 6 5 4 3: U n_ > n

G F E D C B A @ ? >= < ; : 9
.[ :}L]N M L K J IH

}[U R w B Qn hdL
hfYkeU }hY pQU sgi R {S
peS mX :nS p_H nedR _x =n Y w nx = _U dL
pH c< @ peS |A Q mfgT ph mX !zT {v o^< eZ=
aT mfeX c\= @|T mfgQ Z= g[T mfgQ |a= |A mf< p_c<
.|A mf< p_c< zR ph kQ mf^Tm\X
111

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

:nS nx = nL B hU cI QhfYkeU }hY nx :_U U nbR


:nS n@ nedR < cK
:QnS nhi{U L d > n_U U :nS T mX
cT |= zT cv pd@ mX qgT < mfG zaT `h zK mw
@
}hY nx :nS !T X cT cK v ph !mv{Ai= |bw v mg\T T
pT h w :nS dTjY p=Z@ dY piZB R qi |w hfYkeU
S meT o`^[< f`h zaw
z^T od
phiS
cK |Q Tm^= cT
.()|aQ
|ga`Tm< gw

h= w Y pe PdU H}U }g]eU


}hU hdL qinT nY |w

}hY R }LnZU nS neT ngfU nH}R hdU nw gR R


:Q hfYkeU
{I
w
hU }eU R n cU

}
n\U
w

w}dT
mQ|^T w|I -

U w rUnU x}]U
pdeU ohUnH
ox|gU phdeL
R { e_>

pnU
nT _= ~UU ZU L{> U dT pxdeU

dT nB i
nS pfh_Y
R }hQ ngiT Y pnB

{Lj=
[x x{x}Y Ln>

H
R wn]B g>
nghR }Yjx U
ZU

|w !wnI ggh@> dL e_hU ngehhbU hdL U } _ x ?


nB
{L }Un= }Y phYH hUn_U Y Rnfx i = }ZY }hQ dH
.()}HnR n_eUn= hd= :x}B nY ai ni y\R

R f`dU {S ichU na_\Un= gai hbx gai {bx : :nh= pQU sgi ()
U = shgx hx A }bR dL }hbadU phd> pYn_U RnfY }hU @ R Y } n[S
. pQU sgi Y T|eU pa[U Ynw :}^i cdghR }baU
phx{U n[eU Y _@}Y nfU f> nehR hdL }_i U nff cU x}I rx{A w cU |w gZeU ()
112

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

|B U Ln> L _U L bi |U dH w U Y }Q
Y n@}U L R ex w =
Y nU @ R }^fU {e_>
U
h= L}I = @ {L Y g= dU gf>naY R YjU
nfU

= hR}]U
Y Y~x U R}x p]x}I nf[eU Y g\_=

|i {L dL ngx{> phfU ~x}`U p>nY R {gU |= nU _U


}e= ngai }> h_U {LnS dL U .}B fU U ~}`U
}^fU B Y > inex YkeU }x U }eU w phf@ }eU
A}U ~U iex nY U L{U {A
U kg= }Y nghU
x p= phA
pSL ngi eL~x hfU h= pSL L nL w

?nhR pd ^eU |w q> negfh= phL}I p]= @ {L Y nR}]U nghR


!pT}ZY nw~i R @}x

P UH sgfY }bU sgfY Y hU {eU dH |gR


.I R hhbhbU nR}_U }hH Y I R RqhU w sgfY
afU ox|g> phdeL R pL}ZeU ohUnH {e_x bhbU nR}_U
{_
> {S U pwZeU pxdeU ohUnH |w Y edx ngA
x}cU }bUnR afU ox|g> dL {Ln> {S neY
}T }i = Y n =n=
}B fU U }^fU {fL wn[= Q U nfYkeU hfYkeU L{x
S gU }gJ gHafU T U
Q P O N : U n_ > n
a `*^ ] \ [ Z YX W V UT S R
nm l k j i h g f e d c b
z y x w v u t sr q p o
Tm^= cT fh T maT {v e? :P fL nY w f_Y fY }bx nY dL ni}L nffcU hbx}adU
. ne_U ~fT :}^i cT T n gT cT |< |gcQ mfeX Y< T
dQ mfeK
.yh rx{U e\eR nA T dL
113

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

~}| {



.[ :fU]

@ U }^fU dL r>
U ohUnH |w Y f> hT :nfw kU
x !}[U Q U x}cU }bU L Y afU ox|g> hH R nfU
Rh= w Y pe P fU L Y pax~eU
L{U |w Y bd>

= L rx{U aR !}^fU d> }^fU nf@ nhU a _U U


oghmT |]h T cK mw :P cT G mR :nS QdL L >ni
~gc< mfG X fG |]eT :Qn[U nY L ()T gcK
AR ()d^I zw m hmdw cT aK |g_T ? }K cT mfS|= X dX
|x
}^fU }> }L {S Qi hT
ni _x |U w }eU

= _R bU }_Y R d_x gR }c> }^fU {e_>


nex _J
nY
mf< `S fYT ncaT Q }= |]eT z^< |]eT :Qn[U dU {L
.()oeQ mf@mZT

}^fU w qhdR nf> U ngUB Y }^fi T nghU ni U }eU nY

j= nfed _> U AU }Y w nei nf[eU nehH nfU >naY U


gR ngbR neR RhY[_eU }hH x}cU }bU dL nfUneL }_i
.JnU gR ngaUnB nY U

. hbaU }\x Y ()
ai {[eU ()
.ai {[eU ()
114

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

hUn@{U
deU nZU fi
|i
kw nI R SU Y w
nfi
afU ox|g> R af> {w U > U oxnT |g= {i
nL}H pax~eU
L{U |w n }Y nU nfed L {S .ngA

|w lR nex _ R gLn> d \ x x}]U L d \ hR y\ax nY


g}_>
n]ZU R g_S> }i pRnA dL nghcUnH \> ohUnH
.ncdgU nS ngZU R bdU
..mYT @


cinexl= _x Y n =|T nR}_dU hL{eU
[dU fce>
Y }wn]U }U w cde> nY dQ chR ?dx cfx chdL {ax
|gR pd[= x{U U qe>
U ngxeU nbhadU {U |w B
|B U Rh= P fU nfb U
}hB nghR nT U nghR }hB }J
cx}`> cL{> Un= nY afdU e> neT nghU L{U ng=
{S U U ngA afU ox|g> L ~_Un= cew> HncUn=
.afU U nfeJ cfex |U A}U na[U Y b_Y
..nZU ngx

n \x ph]U dbU n ne=


phU nxfU Y nfU _=
n_> L :cU UbhR }_Zx }_Zx rhA Y chU hx {S
ne= ~U e_U {gUn= (nZU H)
}ceU U |w R cai
cU HeU bx |cw nhUnR pY}eU |deU L nf@ x{U
pdA}Y R _eHnR nx nS R cU pAnY n_U p}R cYnY ~>
bx w Un_> dU U => pUgcU H
R {Q nhi{U |de= nZU
!}B nhi{U h_f= a> U|= h=U ox
nL L p=U

115

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

cU |w U `[> cU oeU
deU ph[i c[i i

_Y nT U
cU e\x
Y :cUjH fi cU heU _= UnS

Y p=dU bR> S p`= eU ch>jx


>{L ci cU e\x

!ngfY d U U {_= chdL o_[x nghdL f Y { > dR n_eU dL


_= R bx rhA neU |w R n H ced _x Qx{=n_U x cYnY
gG T mX n= T mwm\A |S |dK mI mdcS cw :>n@nfY

.()< X

= Un_> dU ph[_Y R fa> _h\>


R cde> nY dQ w c=nI

nhU |w R pe[= T}> U|= dU pLnJ R yUn[U e_U R U|=


R P dU H ph
U _eH px{= n_U nfU aU Unf>

zw mH X mX m< mw :d na`U n= n JnY bx rhA neU |w


g^G ge> |? cT m\K cT oKmI Q <mH |v
mvfT mghzT cT

.()m awz

.. nZU A

{Y
Un_> dU pfhe? Tn@ phUnQ cHai ~x~L cA

nY L rx{U R ne? =j= nw_h> R pfU ngfe? _@ {S

.()mv | g _< mv
^g = Q o e T d > mf T ~
g T b h z< mX :Q KncU

. {hgZdU ~eU :}^i oUnJ = oSnfY ()


. H]U zhZdU UnY ()
. RncU ()
116

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

@|T m`T ocbYX mYT


dU Y pS_U phA}U
p^bhU pUnA lR H nY dL n a]L {= dL L

nghU ye]x U Un_>


R bx n_
nbL ng}_> YkY ni T

}eU dhR nfadH neT dU hH L {[x


x|U [dU _= ngbx}J
pdcZe=
}T w inT ne= nZU .SB d U A}U }[U

w}n> nc> gbA> U nx}`eU }T o= A}U ddU


p}L
gSL nZU L {i i nffcex |U w~}Q dL `\>
Y .T|eU }[U
pdcZY pUn_Y phahT L }]U `i
inH dUn=

Y }T w ph}
n_= Y

pUnU |w L nZU n_= cx YkeU


eU
R nfhdL n Y~U cx {S cU YncY sgfY U n> pUn_eU .hZU
? A}U naU pUnA }L }wn^Y _= dL \U d i px{U
:ngUn_Y phahT dL U {_= }_i ng=nH U }]i

@|T |`T |vm]X X

:nf>nhA nfTdH R {>


}wn^Y {L |w A}U naU pdcZeU

}T L phw nf=dS d[i UnT [dU bi ni}R pheU [U :


S nai pYL cZ>
{S ng>nxY _= R pUnU |w Un_> dU
: U n_ > n
117

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

T SRQ PONM LKJIH


.[ :nfU]Z Y X W V U

S Un_> dUn= }T | eU
" ! : U n_ > n
LeU n> nYU :m ghm>
0 / . - , + * ) *' & % $ #
? > = < ; : 9 8 76 5 *3 2 1
.[ :nhi]E D C B A@

ng= ]f> U }bU nx {YnU nf>> }U Y pQnaU nfhL :m Tm>


R }bU ni{A }bx neijcR dU ngU }_Zb> dbU ngU hd> nfwnaI
S nfU _= L Un_> dU nf?{A neT e
V U T: U n_ > n
}S
hi
:nebU]d c b a` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W
> Un_> dU }T|U Zx }> dS R Un_> dU h_x |U YkeU nefh= [
S >nx
A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7: U n_ > n
.[ :nai]G F E D C B

ni {@ ng_hJ o= ~g>
`fx {A n> nf=dS nS :m ^<
p_aeU on[eU eU nHnfY hS Y U }LnZY }>
neL Y

nf@ R Zex nfU _= }> rhA !ngU ~gi


ng= }? ji {S U Y nffcU
?{x
w }=nbeU dB{x A~ex c\x w nghdL }ex
ni
gijT oT {S w}hQ dL eU jT nhi{U nU neU rxnAj=
neT L x U nhi{U |w R {d Y
negY U }aU d> R gRH

|T mf?|Q zG
zdT |T mf\_ mv|Qm@ zw p^G mfQ Q zw
.()Q dL nY bx neT S|dT
. pQU sgi ()
118

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

|vm]T {v mG

nghdL nfaS nY {x{L n =nH ni }_> U A}U naU pUnU


hU }]= nfcY {S ci
:nH |w Y pdcZeU |w U
mf=mX|X
mghzT Q md_h :

|w
}T hU Un_> dU @ L pda`dU n hHnH n H {_
x I
:f_U |gU xn[eU _=

}_Zx rhA Y {_U R}bx oi T :i|U n_eU


odbU dI U qSU Y kx nY dS U ngg@x
pbdJ gT w }_Zx
hd> }U nhUn= f> pe>nS H pdT U U>
>Y

i\A z^T
:PdU H L rx{U R {S dU }T|U Z>
cR a m= |`_G }h v kQ G obh cR Q pbh og\A
O N M LK JI .cT |S {T |T
v cR c^= @ mfgQ zw mK
R o> U w nfhn_Y nf=i .()[ :haa]eU] R Q P
QhfYkeU }hY nS neT >n@nfY |U
ni{ba> ohU n= Y ni}J
.()mT K <h e=zKm< :fL }eU n[U nL R

}a_@ = _R Qn[U }SnU hYnY L }Y e\eU |w


Q |A m h nh kQ m[g< (p]bi) obh cR Q zK X mX :nS Q
T h{T Q md= T T nv m= kQ G obh obeT
[ = ] kQ mgT \_w @ T
v z< |gA T @m ?|w T mgT \P
.()[ haa]eU]R Q P O N M LK JI :? }K cT R

. |Y}U fH ()
. i n= :}^i nhB nT L deU pY_U dbi ()
. RncU ()
119

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

Q|= <|H cS :Un_> nS :}ZU T R }H


dbU n \x qhex }ZU T R }H lR [ }L]
|YT m^\T |b< b<cR gd= :PdU H L rx{U aR
:QhfYkeU }hY L ()mdT gcK |S }TmS d= caT kQ

nebU nxn R .()ZT K ocbX ncacT maX mfhkQ oe\T Smw


m[K z^R odbT pG|A |b`T pXmh z^dT X :hcU
.()m^T K

d Y }ZU n_]U nT U |w
U nf> U neT n Y}Y
nT U nY
cU }I hdL }Y nbeU
}eU neU T pheU }x~fU
phA
dL dU }? }hH I |w lR Un_> dU Y}A
nw}hQ

neY
.}B n? U cx {S odbU R S ?x ni
og`eT
mGT ow|b`T
mQ|h :m ghm>

@U L ni h_> phfw
nHU nR}i |w lR
{_>
S = n> >n@ L ai L a`x d_> d]eU A}U
: U n_ > n
:}ZU]K J I HG F E D C B A
nc> nH |w Y padeU ng=nH ngU dU }T L pda`U .[
[UnT pxn_U neL }= p_x}ZU n@ L n_= n_eU i|U
.nwi nL{U nh[U

{x{U = = pQU sgi }I i n= fL B ncY ()


.
. LeU cU hL ()
. (
pLeY) }KfU x~f> }JU hf> a][eU bA x}_= naZU ()
120

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

ncacT megcdT

L neR ng=nH nh= A}U naU pdcZY h> R d T |w


_U

YncY n hA n Yni}= {L
nwna }dU ax
{S H :U
}>
Y nfdZf> U sYni}U |w Un_Y w neR odbU R nhU r_x
}U na@ odbU
:{h_[U |w dL phHnH ]B ? nfw
pHneU pUneU :U

.(phdU pegY) afU nbx :phinU

.(phdU pegY) phA}U


p_dU YH sYni}U :pUnU

:]U |w R cU h[a> hU

~`eT oGmX :

w {h_[U |w dL U ]U c> b]feU _h]U Y

nginhi afU L pda`UnR ngUnY ng>n_Y afU pHnY dL e_U


phafU
phA}U
}Yn= ZU n[x UngedU ng\x}_> U nxkx

}]B Y w ngAn ng= }_Zx U }Y U|= }_Zx Y


Gm = R b`h Gm@ :PdU H L rx{U R }Y
:QnU nY L ()|S |^cT gf= h= R mvh
X oGmdT phmS mX `h X K T mS mX |g< }= h ! <

. rx{U afU ng@ = Y nU p_hZU nH ()


121

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

^X pgX h <
m> T }T m^H T T mS mX dv
.()m <? zKiQ
jX ? }K cT zw g< RX
oGmdT |d>

n hb> n xng@ n hedL x ni d _> ngi pHneU phew

i x}Bn= hgx zeZx gfY dL icU nfU dL Un_x R


dU qh= sA
n d Un_> dU hH R UnY ai
{wn@

}i Y ngf[>
}cU
}`U Y afU [>

pHneUnR ..}U

:QfL .()~`eT oGmdT |d> :fL nehR Q dL nS


A X | A mf e K ` P X x < ` h n Gm
| Z < | K X X m
@ X
.() c K f Q X f Q | Z < X

[U px{= w pLneU }aU Y dL pHneU

ngA ngx|g> dL e_hR ngxn_Y afU }Y


ni } > ngi rhA

nhdeL dL }eeU Y{S w w n hTdH n x}cR n xf_Y ni ]>


=
.ngdnx ngHnhR ai Y ngx}x px{bi p_@}Y
{T zah |g_T zah

}h`[U dL gHnY x}B {bi gx i ni R ox}`U

.nS }x =hL L }]U `x


ai L a`x f cU }hcU

af= nL ni R }h> ngi nY


afU x> }]B Y
x~>
hf e> ngi = x}B oxn_e= d`Z> =hL px L hgd> deL

. b_U > H]U zhZU UnY {haeU zhZU UnY ()


. LeU cU hL ()
. pQU sgi ()
122

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

S nfA >nhH }hR UneL U


dc b a ` _ ^ ]: U n_ > n
v u t sr q p o n ml k j i h g f e
Q P O N M L K J I H :Un_> nS [ :}JnR]x w
.[ :{eY]T S R

ai Q
ai Y n Sn nT Y w nfU {
Y nfU Q

Y Z= fR} J n= nx :(f L d U )
= U @ o T :px}U R
_ RnR > Y U > {S c U }h T d _ U h U o c R d _ U
b R ! x Y U
b R :n
S
a i _ i :U n
: @ }U
x {A q x w
U n
o A
a i
.()ng h U j H { b R d U q h [ L q i lR h U 
z^T odbX |gd[T odbX

nH w An[U }he\U pecY B Y phdB{U


pHneU |w

nex w ni Y {_U @}> nY


n _eY }R ni [U
>}H eR |U h]_x ZU {SnaR ai Y `U d^U
.ai l= {U hd_R _eY
x|U U ^x
hini {b R }he\U nY R ni bH
nhA nI}U B Y nhi{U TnY Y dR }he\U pecY R ]bH
{_U peceU ~gx ghd_R {_U cA Y dahH gi U U nY
.}hT }h` n`> U gU

gx =}> sgfY {Ll= {x |U w fJ R y@nfU keU


pahKU qinT neU gai nfw Y .U Y nw}hQ S hd_U ph=}U =
afU ox|g> w RdH Un_> dU nhi pfUn= eH phgU

. RncU ()
123

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

S ngA ngh=}>
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 / .: U n_ > n

[ :p_eU] B A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7


.afdU nJ {w = n`J n@ _x U RnhinR
oGmdT og`gS

m< mw : rx{U R nY dL PfU bx pHneU phahT L

c^gQ bw|H w|YT oGmX X zH


`h nGmw @ gadT X ?|T bw
X cX w X <|YX w X d^\X w X
.()|@ X T @
ai @}U oHnx hT QhfYkeU }hY H :}B rx{A R

w {v
~`h mw :mR `h T ? X > x :QnS
gQ pcdK {T mdQ geQ mdgQ eK cmG cT z< gT ^w gcK [X

<|S K p` h XjX (sA) @


pg[R g=zd@ cT |S
p``S g`cX Q dT z^< ]`@ zT cv Q ng_T |f]< g]`@
|S{gQ gQ p^e {T mX m dcX peK vm? [`< XjX ogP K

agQ= cK |S
? }K cT zd@ |gA eX |? h |S kQ eX mS mX
.()=m^X |= cK }K ? }K cT |`_G |gZa= ogZ^X |S

(ogcT) |cT oY^edT KdT :m ghm>

B Y ng>nR ai ni Zcx {_=


pHneU pUneU phdeL

phd> U Y}> ]B w afU {h_ dL phinU ]U >j>


.ng>nH Y ngKnbxl= n?deU Y afU

. B ncY ()
. }KfU pw~i }JU hf> Q }c_U nYU feU }haU ()
124

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

LeU w ngIn_i afU nbx dL {Lnx nY \R


px=}U phA}U

U
cZU R hU bhbU nex nfed _> }B hU dUn= ni}T|>

y[hU odbU }U U |afx |U w nei ndU {A {fL bx |U


Une@ na[= eHn= dU }T rh= dU fcx n fJ n Y} A odbU |w
S n bZL n A }T|U odbU ~w >nxv= U@
8 7: U n_ > n
FE DC BA@?> =<;:9

:Un_> nS [ :nai]G

.[ :{x{U]

}>
dB {_H
x{U ^x
`J [L negY ni pbhbU

.>T Y Knbxl= haT

U neHn= pdeY c> }\Un= qhU pZ_feU LeU


{@ }U
}[Y pedT }h` px ac> {bR pU]eU }neU

i nhL = h\aU L cx .>nH Y ^S> n\U {_U nU ni


{U b>}x nT nefhR pxn@ ZL i => oH nT .. x}]U ]bx nT
:dx n hUn> n _YnH eH nghU
nbR pbR nghR lR p=}B U @}R {S nx :nbR [ :{x{U]
h\R lR y[i A :g\_= nS >}i :g\_=
nfhdL ]bx x}]U dL
.()nY A }U n@ gfY
h\aU nR
eH }_Y I n= dL x }Y

QKncU nY
Y pxn@ q@}B S}U inQ weU qhU Y eR } Z=

. ZY pfx{Y zxn> ()
125

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

v owm? mw :QnY ngU nbR x}]U R ngY}R pYnebU e> qhU

mT zK mS T pRz
:nbR }A
zT {v n@m
= :qUnbR zK |@
!nfhdL j]= nY :}cU
X X
{nY dL w :nwY nS qdB nedR
QKncU niY bU A n hRnA }R |T |c= @ f?{A
:qUnbR
.(){x dL nR

cU f@ Y LeU c> {S


}? kx }_Y
hd= SY }R

.]eU nedcU T Y }T afU R

}eU nx dL p_ZeU phYH |w padR }_> nfw Y


U lR ng_hhZ> ~nfU \A g>nhL
n ^SY niU n ^L cZx
eU n\H U L{> U P fU ph >j> nhU |w R U
:nS }[Y w }c= = = {eY U hfYkeU }hY nT aR nT|H
dTm< `S fYT T b`h bKme= mXzeK dT |S |S
|S |S :agQ dT |S{< <m w PcT G mS m ]K
.()fYT g< beg< m@ {cT mv hkQ dT

(ogcT) og@|T o^cT XG rXmh|T :m Tm>

afU phd> gR phdU ]B {_= (pUnU) phUnU ]U nY


ngf I
{=
n?deU T Y nghd> ai }hg]U {gU |x eR n hA
pLnfeU }nfL c= ngfI n\aUn= nghd> U aU dL nx
phA}U

ni h_x A phdU pegY


phdU pegY
Y R}> {=
pbhbU
n Yni}= H ngU {L
{S phdU fL pegeU |w .A }R pUnA
. dY {hA {hdU ^L heU }ha> ()
. rx{U n\A = Y nU p_hZU nH ()
126

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

YncY n hdh[a>
|w nincR nf= Y ohUnH }J nc= _Y nfU p@nA
U peU p@U n_U pY^fY L nL w nfadH neT sYni}U
.H ngL}I

z@ zv oKeX m\X

p_dU pLfY {_Y n]Y nfU {L


H nhU |w R AeU
:phA}U
nfgR
.(phYhU RfU }aU) phYx n]Y

.(p_eU ) phLH n]Y


}e_U nH }gI T Y nx p?? nh nH) px}gI n]Y
.(}eS }gI T R }aeU

.(sU {bU pdhU n\Y }gI) pxfH n]Y

pAaY b> Un_> dU nw pxn_U p]Zi Y pde@ nfgR U U


{Y pfY nS pfh_Y
c> {S ngi eR
nA R p=Q}Y pY

U nA R ncY nY
R ng= nh> Y n hL}I inY cU
yh[R .[U [U |cw {_U nY aY =n= lR nL{U hS Y

niU nY
pe?
n_dU n >nS nwn> R p_x}ZU q Q pfY nfw
cU
[U pY}A dL p_x}ZU q[i
R [x
p[Y nx nfHn= x
nI pLnH
R n@ neT [UnR oA
R d[x U nhLnT nghR

mH X X |gA pax}ZU rxnA


_i ()|bG mH X aG
pnB
}cx R [dU p[feU pL}ZeU pbx}]Un= ~dx hdL
bi i n= ()
.}[U pYnY nT L
127

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

ngL}B U phahcU
|gU }_x =
R _Sx |gR nghdL oKx ph[B

ni{x}x |U qSU R Un_> dU n b=nH ni}T {S .x{U R {= |Y


niU x
|gU nw{x}x U phahcUn= {_i ni{x}x ilR {_i
Y hUnY hYx [T = n nB
nU [= }_x nY w
n Y }cx
.U U nY

nL{U n= w hbU L {_= {_U nY aeU H nU bx


dL ncY nY R h@nfx L{x w {_U }x ox
Un_> dUnR

ng`d> ~hY ph[B


?jeU phLU nT nU p`U j= nA T
}T }_x eL
{ {S ?jeU phLnR nfU }nH ngL}x U phL
.h@nfx =
oJnx hT }hQ Y

nhU Rpe nhi {S}Y nx :pYngU phA}U p]Zi Y


gR
ph=}dU pHnfY w neT f_eU A}U ZdU phUnY p }R cZ>
ngdH ng?}> ~eU ph[ZU SY n\H B Y ox|gU
.UnH}U A}U }caU ngn]L
ogewzT og<|T Q zdT

dU nw padY pfY pe? neT


lR Un_> nbdU n]Y cZ>
Un_> dU {_x YkeU ncYl= yh .nbdU p }R e> n \x pfcY pe?

ncY
@j= pRaY dU ngd_@ pnB pfcY pe?
R

cU oA
rhA {@neU TnY |w }= Y pnB
d]feU {eU cZx
phA

{eU R \UnR n iY n x}cR n hA nf= deU nZU nfU nH


aR {x{L phUnH
phLne@ phA {R w pe@

phgU n]Uj= e`Y

z@ m zdT T cA X :bx nT i QdL L rx{U


128

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

|]eX od@ odbX ow m Q|\X m dcK cT Q m`X m A :mdT


ogYA m h |w zv cK T z= odcS dw K |= odcS
.()mg@

qinT RnbU A}U nfU R {eU ngd x U phew |w @


YH
hU ph=}> {L nf= R {eU Y P }T fU pS]i

{=
P fU { w dL Un_U U H eA pUnH}U nS |U
phYH nT}U T
}h>
de_x x|U hhUnH}U ned_U nL{U T
[i
nffcex Un_U U dex H bax YH h@ ph=}> dL

.ngT}A ngS]i nH w {eU cx phYH pLne@ @

z?mdT K mYT }K

}hcU ~L Y {wnZi ^di nY n b A dbU }`H }hx }Y i


hhUnH}U }x
}Y
|w !{@neU nh> L deU nZU Y
{=
R w pdcZeU gR ng=nH dL }_U
}wn^U |w {U w}afx

pe
fx{U n]U ph=n@ {L R {@neU R A}U sYni}U _
nghbdx U ph=n]U ]eU
d> R Ai neT n inhA x}afY = {@neU

n_fU gd`x {S x|U hd [eU dL {@neU pe _=


R g\_= `x
ph=~A ~T}Y U {@neU x> R ec> pdcZeU !heL i

HnhU
U
|w Y bdx eY
x}B _x {S nY h_Y
HnhH U

nwnh> L R~_x
R pfYnT pdcZeU c> {S
U neU nfhdL }ax |U }Y {b>
nY T

H]U zhZdU ncA ox|g> hbaU }\x Y {[U zhZU UnY ()


. {[dU n[U :}^i P dU H L i
129

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e_i ~aeU |w w
Y ~a eU {U }J ieU R

~fi ph=nx n? U {R {@neU nh> phewj=


nfU hb> dL

Un_U }cR L phfx{U d_U J i d i ph@n_U nf@}= Y


x{U R ngU nH }a fY pJnB }cR ngilR ~x ~x p_cUnT
gSH R nfU U nx nT rhA P dU H hdL nT nY w yh[U

|hed>
= a nY _fU dU h= nh> U Un_> dU U wL{x g>h=

d@ dv|X b@ zR \<
ngI :nS nY{fL QhfYkeU }hY

.b< oeT dK cR X gT o?mT qg@ T [w .dGX

.()|gT IX oc`_T X z< X


inT x|U nI _= Un_> Y n \x ^di nY U L p=}Q bx
d > }e= U {@neU U \U L hhUnH}U
{L R x

| x gijT U }hQ U neU}U R pfh_Y phUkeU w{A


ni !g}Q g>nQ hb> U dU ph]Y
n ed H {eU

Y }T hdL }ax pfh_Y phUkeU ed > {Y ni w UnH}U


hdL nw}hQ {@neU R g_Y nfU h= cx \Y qS
}T|x
# " ! :P}T hi pJnY R Un_> dU S {U dL

0 / . - , +* ) ( ' & % $
? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 43 2 1
.[ :gcU]@

haT T|eU L}ZU sgfeU R A}U sYni}U |g= YkeU ~U

}hY nS neT dU }T|= }YnL nf>nhA _x Un_> dU o=


nf=dS }e_x j=

. pQU sgi ()

130

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

mdG =m` ]K GzR a< TiG :nL R QhfYkeU


.()..oTX Xz< d^X |S{< mfeT gcT Q =mR ^=

[U |af> w n]_U nhaU |w Y {hai w }hcU kU


nwnf Y ng= nh> ni_>
nR@ bJ U qU>
ngi nfA nf=dS U
R dU }\i w nfZAH nwnfT}> U A
nf>nA T R nfUn_R T
x}KnfU w i @ i Un_> dU p=nS}= }_Zi w nf>nS
!nfhU

rhA U neghdL dL = hU nY L px}eU p^LeU d= nY

nbR p^Le= f^_R ph[_eU L } nL


@ ni :nS @ n@
nh cT Si= :T iQ pH mX nh mgH odA ^Q :Q
m ^X ncI :qTmT pH mX nh cT ow X |A :hmT pH mX
^QmQ @ agT dT c X m? :<|T pH mX nh cT |w
Q Az= Q meT Q TmX cA :~XmT pH mX nh `h K
.()pH mX nh meT

.nx = heT nL Y ]bY ()


dU {L {hdU A}U naU :nT eU |w A @ i n= :}^i ()
.ax}`U
131

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

RA |ZT
X Q m^T Y=

ng= ~U nw}hR|= ngbh]> nA R pdhaT pY{beU


pxn_U
pY^feU

A}U }bH Y piY pUnA U nfx{xj= |Bj> j= ngJ}I ngJ}Z=


pdh phfx{U hwnaeU Y nw}h`T n_U cU
|w nf>nhA R @ni |U

|U ZU
.nx oSn_> nY~U }Y Y ZU
Y }hcdU q}_>

{S
:{h_ Y }T dL { cex n_U n

aI T m^T w=

>
{bR }?keU LnaU A}U e\eU Y dL : zg^ZT
gR hR dcI eL bJ }Y U n_U x>
e\eU Y nB

}eU ngT}> U A nL }Y
{bU :n[Bn= pxhU
U [U qU>
()
nf>nhA R }h`Y
nY rx{U R n@ neT AH
[U |w c> T
Ai new }hT }h_i = f_i nY |w nf=dS Y [U }g]
x T
phA}U nf@nA nLn= n x} }Y y[x nhA Y }hT R n_U
~@ q ngi nLn= = Un_> dU }Y p =nH e> ngicU nghU
ecY
_= eB }eL ni :bx Y ei |U phLne@ nf> Y

S|= T @ ZT ZTm< rfT md<


fXmgZ< f=Z< |_= :Q n[U nY L ()
?|T kQ
. RncU :}^i ohmX qwzT z zeK v|A bT @G
132

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

} qi :ZU nbx !nfU fL bhH nY sA U U pfH


!{eU U ow|> U [> U U pfH h?? x}ZL =
{x nY hU eU Un_> dU {fL UnA chH nY qhU pUjeUnR
!fL iUbhH |U nY nfU {x}x nY eU nei ni @nA nY
Y {R QnY P fUn= nfSL U phicZU {e>

|cw
{\L dL n eI \x QdL nYn= SL T c> nZU _=
hH dL
R nL e\x
nY hH d_x nbaU
zeU xZU w |w hUn= Qn hdL nY }[Y S RQ
ZU R }h> nfU _= neT n Yne> phfx{U Y}U x{dU bhbU
phi}S
px |_U {hU ohd[U \> ngf cU gY ynR nd=
!ngbfL R

neL }wn^Y
cI qhU n_U
@ } Z> U ph}_H
phi{= pnx pUnA R qU [U R qi ngn= Y d > n_U U
{x h= b> qi phA pnx R qi = n` i nfU nbx nT neT

ni}LnZe= }Y |w i ox dU U }L pUnA R qi Un_> dU


_Z= }_Z> {=
R {eU U B{> nY{fL qi nf=dS neL R Zh_i
qh= R i _x {x Y _I w }B ncY
UB L dY
dU h= Y
RqhU w pe Y {AU nT {bU [ :fU]
:H lR [}R {_> }A }hc> }T

iU }h`>
[U U @>
hdY {x h= S i S Y {x h= {> :bx U =n neU
= dL rx{U aR {beU ~x~_U {x h= S neU
133

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

}h`>
nghR B{U R |B [dU j> nT QhU
g@ }a
.()g]K cX zw g< RT zw h :nbR U R }Y U hbR iU

nfeJ Y nffe> H dU dL bY odS Y d]f> U n_U


S U Y {[Y w Un_> dU
: U n_ > n
fe> ngahK ![U pbhbA w |w [ :{x{U]
S dB{U U nfeJ
: U n_ > n
n_U c> U R .[ :{L}U]
nbA }Yn= phdeU nf=dbU panU pbdbU nfHafU nfU p@nA
Y nw}hg]> R wn> U w n_UnR
.U T

m^T w}a=

Y dL Z>
:hmT zg^ZT
w n_U n |U inU ZU

phLne@ ngahK nw n`U n_U x~b> >


rhA phUeZU {Y
>j> |w I ... nL n A
n Y {Q n_UnR phini

H gR U|= }[f> dU nL cU
nwneL w n_U dL
ni ngxkx nY{fL phLne@ nY{U phini p]ZinR }hc= U Y
~@ gfY U|= {x}x h=|_eU n@ ha> {g= dU @U
neL c> ngilR cI
w QdL nedT _= U efU pxnL
:n_dU HU gaeU |w U ni{I}x
n b]R .()T mYQ bT gT m^T X
:QnY bx
lR rx{U |gU
n \x}Y H> nY }hbR }@ d> phJ
pedT T

. H nL ()
. LeU cU hL ()
134

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

nL ngilR .. n LaY ~_>


pUnA R ilR x}B dL U bdx Y T

nfU Y nfx{A R dU {_i nfU yhx |U f_eU |w e@ nY dU nL


!ghdL nfYH

rx{U |w ()m^T ocP m^T [Q :QU }B pedT R


YnI d_x n_U gaY Hx
d U hH R afU ni {wneU

n_Y c> nY{f_R .w}hQ nS{ dw Y ng? U phU n_U Y


Y {eU dL nY hB{UnT yhS } \Y }Y dL
{wn> -
.n_U i \Rj= b> qijR phbU n_U |w Y d dU ai

|w R ()m`^T m^T [Q :QU pUn? pedT R


fU Y dYn_> ni dH eZhU x n_U gaY lR rx{U
fcehR phL}I p]= ng= ]=}> }Y dL nZU nfhL b> nY{f_R }B
|g= dU {_x fcex }B U gZ= }^fx nY{fL }^fU |g= dU [_x
e@ Y w U = px}= >}^i c> dL }x nY{fL }^fU
mX K |\T P
:QfL }B rx{A R n_U xn[Y \R

.()mK [Q hmG cT
phLne@ ngahK n`U n_U x~b> L {b> nY U nI {>
g>nxY B dL hedeU pRnT {U pYnL }wnK w phini
h@ Ai rhA nfinY R nZU {U = }> ngi {h= px}e_U

nhL nA nx~T phLne@ p]Zi Y }hcU L ~_x nZU


.U }hQ }eU

. ai {[eU ()
. RncU ()
. LeU cU hL ()
135

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

ZT R }gX

{i eeU R }aU dH h= n_U h= h?U =}U |w L


[UnT pR}_eU n_U S ~hY }_> phYH [fU _=
nw}hh`> }aU nhA dL nw}h?j> {e= w nei Un_> dU {fL nwi
S eeU R TdU
: U n_ > n
:Qn[U nY L rx{U R {S .[ :cf_U]
`h X mX c^w n@
dQ Q cT }@ ZT
cK

mf^`h X mdhkQ |bedT @`T K =}@ phmS kQ |]egcQ =


.()}@ mX za<
:ngB hfYkeU _= ng= f?{A neU |w R p_ p[S nfw
|w nT hY @ {fL ngAR pL R }h@ e_x nT i
[U @ ngd `x }hg^U {fL T pA}H |Bjx nY{fL deU aU
:nS d[> neU :x UjR U e_U
A {S n _Y n_]U
:}bU R nfU bx Un_> dU
fed_> > :U nS U U }R
:U nS [ :cf_U]
{R U|T }Y nT :nS ..nQ B Q }H
!pLnH [i cdR pLnH = w A}H }R c>

XjdcT }K m^T

R g> n_U w n_U q=n U nwZU


Y :qTmT zg^ZT

JnB gaY |w _U bx neT pah_\U ph[ZU ni


{hTj> c=

. {[U zhZdU nB in_Y ()


136

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

_U hx
{S neT h[I H ni U {g> n_UnR
dU nY nfi pxbU ~x~_U ph[ZU nf= U Y}> n_U = T
ed _x Un_>
==}Y nL
gi n _he@ dU dB nY }U R}Y ^>
ni{A nghR }_Zx U {hAU cZU pUnA lR |gU dY SdY
`S fT :QhfYkeU }hY bx Un_> dU cZU w nbU |Un=
n@
mdS ph fT m < T b= |Q < `S zK T S }K <
.()n= mdT eaQQ
U = cY}T {B cU U {g> n_U ..nZU A
qfT U A ilR Un_> dU {x h= b> nY{fL i ~x~_U ph[ZU
nf=

{e> bU
fY gdU bU {[Y nY b> >S
nZU af_= }_Z>
{L w zxnU }Y
dL g_I nfU S nT |U pex~_U }[U fY
:QhfYkeU }hY R }LnZU nS neT dU n L\B w}T nfU
w
hU }eU R ncU

}\U {@
w
n\U

()

ogKT m^T

U n_UnR LU {h_ dL ZU
w =}U ZU
:<|T zg^ZT

}hU dL nfUbL nf=dS ya> U phLU n_U w nfY Un_> dU nw{x}x


ngx ki }h[= L ngxki U ne[U
nhe_U n_U nfY {x}x

:x}ZU fU rx{U R {S x}BU {bU e> H nf=dS


=
Qn hdL nY n \x rx{U R ()ocgT mgR X |gA oKmG |b`
. {[dU n[U ()
. p_hZU nhL :}^i (w ) }h`[U InfdU {h[S Y ()
. S}dU HneU ()
137

Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT

:QfL .()H Q X |gA gaw cK h :nbR {gx


n h@nB

x|U kw .()gZcdT mK mdT bcX Q |b`T


{L Y x{U dL }
w }h[U b_U {bax w Un_> dU {_x
.()U }U hfd_eU

. pQU sgi ()
. LeU cU hL ()
.nw{_= nY n[S sgfeU R }S }hacU b_U :nT R ni}T nY @ U A h[adU ()
138

<|T dT

feT ogcdK Q mYT


owfT oX oX
:

feT og cdK }mS :m ghm>

|H mXzaX :feT ogcdK :m Tm>

feT ogcdK Q mYT :m ^<

139

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

|U {U L nf?{> ncU |w nY Y {beU inU eU R


nhA niU bx ne= nhU |w neL dL e_U R nZU = bx {=

.UnH}U
neU R nZU L U|T nf?{> pinw }bY

UnH}U
e_U Y }B i U }]fR
=}U eU w eU |w R nY

ngU
|w }heB w nZU cx }aeU Y .b=nH L phew

bx
nw}>
pY
gi hH R e_U w phHnH >{LnS >~hT e_U

nR U ped^eU fxni neU }H Y d U T}U pUnA Y ng@}B


pinceU rhA =nA beU
Y dL {wnI nga= pY
|g= pbU
S
.[ :}eL ]2 1 0 / . : U n_ > n

nfhdL x gfU phdeL


R nZU pY gi L rx{U

:phHnH xnfL {L
R rU
i f_U R
U nH {}> pH R pY S dL ]
ng_SY >

..Y h= ng= U
L ngSnL
.ngH gfU phdeL ~nT U }]i
inU f_U R

phdeL dL {LneU }ZU L nfx{A {x rUnU f_U R


.gfU

.gfU phdeL R nZU L nxl= {i =}U f_U R


141

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

owfT oX oX

()

|w R A}U o]S w nZU I R gfU L {i nY{fL


Y cU pegeU
S U
}hh`U nZU {U cx I T

ngUbi nf_S
w SU |w R {}i neR U|= Zx }A H c=
pbU _ px
H pdcZY Y in_x nZU
hU

nh }caU

gU
.n\U
}caU
}`U

Y pUnA U nZU R{x nh\U |w |Un=


pxhf= pY L }_>
nT nfw Y
ngi pnB phew
ph\bU |w U
i {=
nehR i H nY |w .x|U n\U
bUn= pY
pbheL

nhT {g>
:dx

ow
jG oX
fT

~i i gR pY gi L ?{> nY{fL :nx Y pe?


{U R
{ Y }hQ Y nfi {A pY i w pY I i n HnH pY

~i nfij= }S
nA jhU R }`eU kU |w n> H
p`d U x{U
Y dL pT}ZeU {w Y }hcU ng_e> pY
i pY
cU ..pRnbU
UnhU {A R qhbU }nY nH R w hdx nY f_U |w }bR oUnQ U nI {> ()
oUn]eU pQnh ni{L {S . }h= x}A nA LhfU hYnY {Y R InL
.phfhU Un= pd[eU ngZH Y nfaaB
142

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

R nfi nf? dx w }i nY {i nY nfY nA U p_x}H }^f=


R pdheU qbd A }nU nf= {Y
nefx i rh= ngU ?}x pUnA
}> neT pY phHnH ngd= qLn {S p ZY pgn> }nA pY }i
p=dY pY ph=~U
phS}_U
phw|eU nL}[U ng= a> pS~eY
}AnfY

pfaU ni nT ng>}? ng>nSnJ ngUbL n[Y dL }B e_x


R
!phYbU phS}_U phw|eU ngfx> T h= ng>nAnH T
R
i neU :}= kU nfhdL A~> pdH lR SU |w K
SB
n]i }caU
}U n\U d U Y pUnU |w dL

nfhdL o T Lne@

:}LnZU U pbx}J dL gU |U
^ZU

nfhdL qT ]B
nwnfhZY

nwnZY ]B
hdL qT Y

{Q ngi = pbd`eU niUn[U R pfU h= }]> {_>


U pdH |w
deU nZU Y x}hcU S Y L nH R nInZU }L }]>
p@{U n_U w neT }`U
pUne_Un= ghY gfx> nffcex eY

|w neU i Y :n fdL n ew Unx |B h[deU Y }hcUnR


nfU j x U }> nx nfUnA
nfw [i hT he_U nU

|w Y [i
qinT H gfU pT}U S}_x [U fex nY Q hbU Y
U U hU nY ph@nB phdB hS
nfhdL pL}ZY pdH |w T

Y nghdL p_fbY n=n@ x{b= }cai


n\U
nein= af= ?U phA}=
nghdL p=n@U {[i
}\U

.h_\U ~geU phA}= fx{U

U pxU [U |w Y Q}Un= fi :bU }T phin? }Y


iL
nijR }hh`U phincY Y n nx n enZY qU nfUA Y nw}i
143

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

bx pY |w R }n_Y pS}ZY n> ph\Y nYL @ aQ


pY \x neU nY dx gfx R nZU
hU dL }hT nfdx_>

ne= hbeU x}]U dL


bY U ]i x}J R U ]U cZx
}ZY
nhdeU L {>
pYU n_U neU L {>
ff cU .\R {Q

.()i}bU yd][edU n bR gU yx x|U dY nhdeU [i

}T {i {bR nghnY pY
}nA h= pinbY {bL {haeU Y cx {S
nf_S h= pdA}eU d> h= phinY~U nfdA}Y h= }ZY HnS Y
n@_U dU x{b> nH pR}_Y R nf_afx H nY |w SU
U phafU
px{U
}aU }Y = _ZU Y }Y

=nU Y~U R g_Y c> U }Y {>


{S }B I Y d>

.pinY pR}_Y InfY pg=nZY p=nbY odQ L


R w

|ImX |K :{Tm< oaT zaQ

|Un= pbU {bR }Y Yn= a> U }Y |w }]B }= Y


}caU nh\U Y pUnA U {L ~w Y pUnA pY h_> rh=
pYU hfeU [U w |U afUn= pb U d_Y .afU |=|U
{@ necR nI {U pLnfeU ng@ p=ne= gR pY pxneA }aU
pfYncU pxngi nH}haU gU p }L y[x ilR LnfY {b R }eU
ngilR ngaf= ngb? {bR pY nA w U|T peeU
h?}U ~Q

b_U ~Q RnbU
~`dU p}L y[> h[U ngf[A ngLnfY {baH

S ()
.[ :nai]( ' & % $ : U n_ > n
144

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

dL phdU n]B nhL{U Y }hcU U |Un= pbU {bR }Y


:}JneU |w w
hU pY nhT

nY d_x nY h= ph[ZU n[ai SeU }LnZeU h= ph@


S e_x
u t * r q p o n m l k: U n_ > n
neU p_@ U nf_@ U .[ :[U]| { z y x w v
{i R zxnU pbA
nT |cgR ph@ |w L }_>

}hT nei
QhU nY p\gi n= phYH {dU Y nw}hQ pRcU w nA
nfU nA L UjH x}]U R QhU nbU nY{fL }aU ngUnS {S
_Y g=dS pUbY ()hdL gRhH _Y g=dS :=n@jR adB
hxeU nY dS qhU n \x hU pY nA c_> hdL gRhH
afU neU hH) gRhH cU
hhfh]daU Y hedeU }_U Y
!hdeU pfxng[U pY{U w (new}hQ
R Yjx eR
nh_dU p pUnU |w _ n U dZU
nw{hH pei nhdeU [fU nhdeU nw{_> d= U phYH pY S
ngU yx bU }nB pccaY

pY |gU hcR
ng>nincY c=
pY
h]dR R phdU ng }x}> L ~_> nw{x{L ng>{S
nw}H R
nY{fL i !hxY p_\= w{L nx x|U hdeU pfxng[U Y
Hn= g> w ph=}_U _U _= R phihdeU }heU _= {wnZ>
{>
nA cUnex h]dR {bU
nY nL}H cU naU ~_Un=

nY }={U
ne= i}T|x
}hwneU }>
nY{fL nY
U x eU }ax

hdL e@ rhA pRcU U Q hU }haH hbL = dY Y }@

dS :UnUnT }aU pedT n@ }]U zxn> R }]dU pYnY :}^i ()


..phY
f= Y gRhH _Y nfU
145

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

eU d> fL {>
nwn pdhU h= ? pRcU Unw Y U _xn=
d> n= dL {x}R {hA ai dY {hU _xn= U }hwneU q\ai

.()pLJ pUn[U }eU

x}B U neHU {_H {L px}caU pg@eU Y U


}gx
|Un= pbU {bax Y lR hU nZeU }edU ph_h]U snfU Y |w
:pbx}J dL cx =@ lR n@ p@neU U Y
U Y }gx af= pbU dex |U ZU nefh= .[ :}bU]
w pg@eU Y }gUnR A
R h_\U ni nY U ahx nbfU
}bU nf?{A neT >nhB \R w phe_U xZU hU pfUn= }]U dH
[ :qd[R] :hT}ZeU _= L x}cU
[A neT U
L U neH L hi ni {x
{A
U }Y [x
B |U = {_H =n[U
phYH L{U px{= R pcY
Y

A }U {eU U B{U Y hT}ZeU nL _= RB


n Y} Y nT

{x }Y ni U
nY : = jR >nedc= P {eY
}x

]dU ow|> ]bU hi R \> U


:I}bU U U nS ]U
~> hi R ]bU pHnhH .()!nT |cw YT Y n hI e> R
.|w nfYx U penS

ni _hH |Un= pbU {bR ni {U hbU pY^fY nhgi


bA SB
gx{U
Y RnbU
}caU
~`dU n [B
qd adU p}L

nwnhginR ni phini e> U }hB [U w phSB pY^feU


nc> nw{_= gx hini ngf>
ni{@ nfw Y }U n^aU T

. {haedU nI }]U zxn> :U jZ= }^i ()


. nhA ohUnH hwnaeU R }S InL :nT R nfdH nY eU |w A :}^i ()
146

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

}[x n]eU pxngi R nA InL x QhU nY


q}_>
neU fL q_fY >}nA U }Y~U d> R ini
}he\U

hbQ m^dT w Qm= w bT bw T :Q nbR UnhL UnaJ


cU |gR ()bTmf? b=m_I X cv c@ ^eX m@ |@
.pLneU d> {fL B hbU pY^fY nhgi L = Zcx

w ng>|= ngb? pY {baU ph_h]U phfU :b_U nSn]U {w


b_U nSn]U |w {`> {beU nacU b_U nSn]U {w
nS {> nfUnA |w hU .}B U }gU ogfdU p}L
nf= Y ~heeU
nacU pL{eU b_U n Y }ZL L

hH n fY jdY
U w}] nY gi{d= R x}cU h_dU
{x U nfY
.}Q ~aeU T gU {S
gU == yR |U }`U U dU
pUgH c= {}x SnL ni cU cex pY hU nfY nA |w
.nghU nZeU }Y }L Y }hcU nghR
gfU U hU w nY :|w {_= kU

. }h? = YncU ()
147

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

feT ogcdK
}mS

LeU nhfY ngbb> pR{ [> pY


gi phdeL

ng>~c>}Y ngH ngR}K ngU pbhS phdeL


w = n_ZU n=n]U

ngd@ }af> {= U pxn\U ngJ}I


nincY nSn]U T
}hR> dL e_U @ Y pYU n B n hL n edL de> U px}ZU }nf_U
:~nT}U }ZU |w w hU }ZU H d> phg> }^U d>

owzaeT o^?|dT

|U U _U = e> gfU phdeL


R phew
}T U ~hT}U
nfY f x U ie\Y R }hT R}A R }h` fL |U U _U
|fY dB |U d^eU afU |w Y }> ng>T Y ha> [>
}S
S nfhdL }ax U cU
|w {i
|U U _Un=
I T

nfSL {> U nfxw nYbY w nY n xn\A n x}cR i eR |U


hU nf>}^i c> }Bn=
nfai Y p_@}Y paS |U Y pU]Y
paS= nhbU nfhdL }ax |w
px}aU pUneU nfw pUneU pHneUn= {[S ngHnY ngUneU
nfw {i
nfi {h= pegY
px} }RjT nfai pUnY pHnY Y

148

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

L{Y
pY
L pdbeU h[I
U nhcT pY L
|w .}aU ph[I

}bgbU pUnA T{x x|U nw}R c=


nghR }h[U LU wj= ng f =
px}U pdH }]dR px{bi p_@}e= nhbU U pY q=n U n\U
U {x}i nY i jR
px
|U kH w pdH d>
gU
nfai jfdR {h_i hT zxnU Y nfaSY nY [i ye]i d]i nY
nfhR dU w nfhR dU YncY w nY neU nf x nf T x pYjT

x
neU nf> R dU }caU |gU nfhbd> R nffx ni}cR R

phZA pxY ph[I


n _hI nfS~e>
U deU ni
neU pedcU f_Y c=

hH {i U n =~A
eh^f> B R hdL {e_i U
wnx nwH pdH |w }]i nfhdL x HU ninei
{A T
.nghdL n=n@ dU nxl= }hcaU R nf Y
ni L R ecx |U U _dU HnH d]feU :n[Bn=
kU w }hcaU naY }hcaU w LU pYL >cZY }Yj=
hdL
ph
pYL w nfdS neT pL}ZY pdH w pY{beU
pdH cR

ph_h]U px{U w d> ng}Y ng>cZeU pY


L dL ohJ }IkY

pdcZedU nfT L }_x


U|= }hcaUnR }hh`> h[> eL
U }Y d> w n cR nw{I
}Y }]B ng= nfHnA

ng= x
nw}h_x R ng= A
R {_=
ni ngh_x

S
n=
n m l k j i * g f e d c: U n_ > n
.[ :gcU]s r q p o

|w j= hR d U nY ne= nfU {Tkx


nfed _x phxnU fU
]fY
Y p_@}eU paSU
Y }hcU U {wnY {T nin_Y U n> padc

149

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

ng= gU gUn`x H x|U LU {gI {[S {gZU nh\U


pY
}hacU hd\U
pSnaH {hAU Y w |w nh\U x}J cU
.nggi

R pincY ngU ~> qLn]H U _ZU Y zxn> R YjeU

Unx phw|U zxnU H


Y gfU qLn]H nY ngi R I
.p_@}eU |w e= ngYnhS {_= ng>T

rmh mA

sni nB {L
U \a H phdYjU
px{bfU p_@}eU fhbx
[i R }hT = {b_x neU n RB x{U J dL ngew
Y
.nfS~e>
nfad > nfhHveU n H hU ehS ehwnaY

x
n bx}J n bx}J n

f U }>

sgfeU
oA
nA
nbx}R h_H

nfd e> [fU nfhbd> phahT R U nfegR R = x{U R qhU pdcZeUnR


:nhi]d c b a ` :fL ex |U x{U ehbU
.n_e@ px}ZU dL nfhdL pebi cx cex [
}J {S }> nx w I
R pdcZeU c> U :j> {S
aR x{U
kH x nZU _= dL
hU !ni}Bj>
}`U {b>
neU :naY

Y{bR fL d> x{U h=}`U }> {bU nfhHvY nfad> oH w x{U


n\U {bU oT}= di L x{U L i di nedR

x}caeU
bL `I {S pY d> oH L |w UkH :dx ne= @
nw}= Y nT hdL {x{L n=n@ qY {S {S pdxJ bL |fY hhYH

{L }hcU }caeU }haU |w f > {S {H U oU ~L |U }U


150

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

ow nefh= .n_H n[Y {H nJ =nT R TcU eA}U


@ Y {wn@ eL |U @nU ne_H R w pdcZeU U }B
g i hedeU = dL pfehgU
R _H gikI R B{U g>}? o
phw|eU phan]U }_fU n? gRa I g>{A x~e> gbx}a>
n gxZ> }h?j> eUn_U ncH B{> cx {S gfh= nehR phS}_U
ph=}_U phYH {U Y }hcU R }BkY
}U R
[A |U _ZU

}B w (pUnU phaU Y inU {b_U nx{= {b_U L {i


i)

.{h_[U |w dL g>B{>
dU }ha> pUnY R {h_[U |w dL }B } ^i ng@ qY{S
|cw
i :SjR ph\bU |w dL }[Y hd_> x{b>
fi U .hU nZeU

T {fL I
|U d U |w R oh[i U {H ne_H Y
}[fx oU {bL nY cU
Zh_i |U ~eU SU hR i

dL hU nT nY {H U Y eL pdcZeU = |= |g=
pY
{eU Y hcdU
phd=nS nghR cx U U pdx]U {eU |w T
{

U }ehU
nT nY }B w ne_H neT in]dU \U U nfi

ngUnS {S U pUn ph {x U U pS}= {x{@ xnf_= U |w nfYx

.ni}e_ H neU ne_H phd=nS nfhR cx U U i = UnY }~U }caeU


pdcZeU ec> x

oQmaT Q ocbYdT

dL pfehgeU pRnbU R ec> : {S nY o= {x{I n[Bn= pdcZeU


pfh_Y pbx}]= deU bL qQn U pdxJ }S |fY YH SU
:d_@
151

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

fx{U
L}ZU
}h^fU >
nY{fL U _Y Inex {H bx
:

n bHnR nT U n]dU pLnJ U nL {S PdU H p=


{HU
pRnbU |w qd_@ |cw }@nR
ne_H bx

deU ni pwZeU

n\bU {S dU n\S w U f_= n \x px_U |U


.{S

bL (}]B w |w ) d_@ :m ghm>


}x]U {= ni L n ehbL
Y @> R d_U Y } R gR
fhbd> >
i U U }Y {x{@ T
hwnaeU |w }h?j> nT n hYH n HU qU U ~eU
hwnaeU Y pde@

dI g?jR hedeU S dL ngU^= q B ngi }h]B


n ehd> n fw
._Y n hwne> SU }YU
bL ni nL Y {=
}caU pRnbU R fL nfw ec> pdcZeU

x}cU }bU n@ U ph[U hwnaeU pehdU H dL deU


Y YH
T
b_U }x}> x
nY{fL {x gfUnR .ng= }hZdU

n ehbL hU deU bL he= hU }Y |w dwnT qdb? U


pg@ Y |w ow Y x}B bL }> Y dbL n h hU
Q H R lR }B pg@ Y
x]U xZU nY T
px}cR
S }x~U
\R i hedeU S }hh`> dL nS phA

L {_x d_U nHj= |Bjx g>{b= gaij= bx p]x}I


U pd>nbU nh[_U
dQ Y aax YgU nwnaUn= n`Zi

eU |w U L nfU .gU phdwnU U w{h_> g>{A ~e>

ceU hbU Y b_U }x}> } L {fH rhA hdS neL

.}eeU e_U L bh_> U

152

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

adT h \h zKmR ywmT

nhdU {x}i nfilR |U U _U n_I }]i nY{fL nfi _U hx


{S
w dL h_i fxni neU gT R h_fU U U _>
neU |w Y fheH `= nf?}= rZi {x}i nfi >n[i Zi
!nfad > Y ~@ cx {S

U _U {b_i Yki fR J dL yh }hQ hU


|w {h=

f_> ngf cU neU n=nhQ R h_fU ni}[L L i f_> |U


x}B p=}> nfH R nfHU ~fi nfRnb? nfx
w L zdfi n eA

nf>cZeU yh[U U
w h=}`eU _= gx neT g>nTnY

U
w nf Y hxneU _= {x}x neT }[feU nfhnY p=}> nfH
L ]bfi nfU x
|U qSU aR i {=
R nf>nY }U

pY .pS}ZeU >n]Y
nfxn> L ]bfi nfU x R >~fY ni}[L
.bY = }nA = px
w = pY w zxn> =

>}S {h_i hR ci zxnU |w dL fi


d]eU
beU U ]iU hdL fi
eL n x{b> H{bi

hR {ei

h= di {T Y a ~hei
=n? h= cai
T}Y

dL pH{bU Y pUnw nfha


H Y nfi i w nY {bY w nY

zxnU |w
cY w neT hR hicY nfh A Y dnaY c=
gx{U }ZY R J dL Zh_x nf Y }hcU y |cw nfhR
n_H U nw {@
eL {@ }T|= f `U H gU ni
.n[i d> }he> nY d>
p_@}eU nghU nfd> U nU w
Y n \x w phfU |w
.px{bfU
153

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

{Tm< oaT

gfU phdeL
R ngfY ]i nghdL nfU Y {=
U phinU ~hT}U

SU |w ngY{b>
{LnbU gR |Un= pbU w
Y gi R phHnH

nf_R{x jhU Y pUnA nfhR r_x `fx Zxn_i |U jeU }ZeU


?}> xnU px{bi
p_@}e= nhbU {x}x i nf Y _U pdcZY nA U
|gU phi{Un= _ZU d]fY Y f_eU
afU
~gi jJ q>

.=}Q S}I

{}U YnR ng>|= ngb? nw{bR px{= w nw}bgb> Y nhgi px{=


f> ng>}T e> ngnein= > U w nbU ngU ocx U
pUjeU |w R w ax }hh`U nL _= .ng>n[i Hnf>
beU U ]i g?}> Y p_h]S }@ U hedeU L{x gR
L x}Y
!eU |gU phLne@ phRnbU phafU }h?jU T

}n_eU nf>n[i A nfhfhU }T = pY ci _U ni{x}x |cw


Y dx x|U kw .pY}cU ~_U
nx}T nfHYnS Y x~x
nei neU }nU |w Hnfx }ZeU ghnY w}nA
YngU dL pY |w b> dL }_Zx }_Zx rhA Y de_x
R
.^U

U pY beU i ]i {LnS w >n]L ff= zxnU


|U nfU ngU ocx U |gT pY
ng> Y }g> gR ngxn> Y >
xnU {Y |w }\> QhU nYU pR}_eU nx~U {i

h
mw gcK T
cT `
mw gcK T
QnYU

GX
mw gcK T
cT gcA gv|<
mw gcK T
cT h

154

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

zdX
mw gcK T cT
mw gcK T
cT gcS
gK

i pnJ ph[I
{eY
B
hU QhU nYnR ()..cT ng@

hnJ nfU pYjT i |cw zxnU neL R zH


i nR |I
.~xneeU pxn\U ng>nYngH {heU ngxn> ngU pY

dL {bfU pHneY L {_x {=


}hh`U n]U lR U R
@Y w nY {g> pY nf= {U Y pSn= b> U |U {d@ pbx}J
n fw pY
nS
{x~hH i = n bRY hU n]U |gR {U {b>
naH nw{x~x |Un= pbU pdcZY Snax H w dL
p]bfU |w

.pY
R ~c>}Y cZ>
ngfH phdeL

ow> og@ oS|@ T o?mT

U px? phA pT}A U nf@nA w :pUnU ~hT}U


nL phdeL

_ ng= c>
nh\U ng=n U |U nf= phdeL |Un= pbU
nei pdgH p]h= pUjY qhU ngh@ SeU |=|>
naT eL n@ g@ U n> {b_Y pHnA phdeL
w

:~he>
U nfY zxn> Y pdA}eU |w R i {bL |U .phnfH

o= afU ~gi jJ q> nghR h_x deU ni j= :


nf>{bY ^_Y dL >}]hH o= = oR n xn\A nfhdL }`U a>

.nw}hQ h]daT nfi{d= nf _U UA nf>}?


Y in_x deU bL j= :m ghm>
pxY px}hac> phn[S }Y phadH

.}L nY{U afU yh>


. {geU n[Y ()
155

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

beU i ]i |Un= pbU nL pegY lR |gT pdA}Y R


n> w }h_= px?
phA pT}A U hU n> nehR n>
U n@n> nT}U n>nw phA }B px? pT}A :hT}A U
ph[I }n? ph[I
na[U e> {S yd[Y }caY
:h xnhS h h[I

.{A I
R

pY
U pxU
pT}U U nf@nA
p@nA Y f> }nU ph[I

ngb? ngiafL ngU {h_x nY U ng>|= ngb? {bR U p=deU


.}hh`Un= Y ngfex ngaf=
haT {eU U }U I
U nx n adcY nT }U |w bhb> R wnx U bx j=
}?keU nw ngU pfheU ~x~_U nh\U |w {h= nh\U Y }hcU
ngi ~_U egU x}> afU nbx R
~g>
pY{ cZ>
phaJnL

pY{[U |w .heL nH R B |U LU }>


}LnZeU {@U

dR ng>|= ngb? {ba> nY{fL pY


ngfL f`x px} Y }T w
~w
}h^fU LeU ng_af>
Y R}> U phA gU px}caU

g> _\U gf cU U
R}L ne= nf U dL hbU |w Y phi{@

>jhR {inL =nA ne=


= i_ x pS keU pxhi{U yUn[eUn= gbd _>
gx }ne\U nbx dL {Lnx nY n adY n @ei {bhU
\eU }nU
. Un >}]R U ni L R

pg@eU dL } R QhU nY nhB gai nfd_x nY |w


w \gi qinT pY{ U n> pY i }hB Y}U A
{bx
j= qd e> pY{[U |w .|i phYH pY
q^bx U pY{[U

ne= {U |w cZhU
px}U
y=|Y dL {hgI UnhL ai QhU

156

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

hedeU }ne\U ~w }T }h^fU p_]bfY phY pxnHjY }nfL Y fe\x

}h[bUn= nA {fU pUnA ghdL }]hH {A nY gL x|U


nT}A QhU nY ngZH {_= qbd]i nfw Y oi|Un= _ZU
QngZH }aA |U he_U }U L }_Y pU xnfL e> {x{L
Y h=U pT}T hedeU ai R
.

n RB ZfeU ng}Q k> U phRnT qhU |w pxU


phde_U
cU

phdeL
Y R}> U heeU nZU Y }hcU f ^x {S neU
phA

eU
}ca
hHjU dL e_> phRnb?

yd[eU
>jx nfw gbaU }caU
afU jhw
}i yh[= bhU

{S }nU cx {_= exb> }caU


.ngdb> phdeL bdU

n> ng>|= ngb? {h_> ng>T Y haU pY :aT mZR

U
}nU [fU R ng@ dL e_x yd[eU
}n? }caY
}caeUnR
U x{U pdL x}> dL e_x yd[eU
.afU nbx R {gx
.dZU ng=n U pY i x}> dL }nU e_x nefh= d cU ng=n

}caeU
}nU pahK nefh= ni bL L hbU ax
yd[eU pahK
}nU nh[I
q_e@ ne=
}x
.{_U d^U hS Y pY


nT |U QhU nY Y [A neT {A I R yd[eU

ecx
nfw nh[ZU {_> {S fhL R }nU yd[eU

{=
.}B new{A
negJ}I negU phA pxU h egeU
{h@

_i
nfhdL
yh> hU }ZU d> nB }hh`U [x cex neg]=
:n[Bn= U
157

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

owT oGmddT ~G :

nfU U ocx cex R U


Y pde@ hR }R>
e_U nY

:ngew ~c>}eU }nf_U


.hdw >naT }nU ph[I
.}hh`U U L}ZY

.pxU phSB }hxn_eU L {h> ~d> U pxU HneY

pdLnR c> pxU


pHneedU cex }ZU }nf_U |w }R> Y

.}?kY
:U e_dU bA {L nfw {h@ _i nf= }ax

x|U pY {L pg@Y R ngU U e_U w : aT


pfxng[U w ni}[L R U|U nY }= d x }_U cgfx
.nf nfi{d= Y bU hdeU

I
U hLnU n`U pg@Y R ngU U e_U :hmT aT
.L}ZU n^fU dL }eU pY n[L

baU oT R h[aUn= negJ}I {x{> neg= >


{S bU |w
U U Ti nei [[U rU |w R nfw U {x}i YH
hdbU R gZeU phgbaU naU Y }hcU U nI {> @ dY
.()YjU }^fU nL ngLn\B cex gbR ng@ pdh[A w xT|eU

{H pe^i nbH {gx |U U e_U w :qTmT aT

nf=nT R aU |w nfZSni {S =}A i{_U }acU >nbx nei }RncU A gZeU aU hS Y ()


.nw{_= nY n[S sgfeU R }S }hacU b_U
158

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

pR}_eU }hh`U nH dL neLn= U }feU SU }hh`> U


n hZR n hI pg@eU ohUnH R {> {S U
nHU {H U

nfinY R fL nY }ZY U e_U |w gR phedU


}hQ

|m^dT me^R Q T |gg_T

}ZY eL w {eU rhA Y U e_U Y fU |w :U

phL}ZeU |w {h= .()hL}ZY {Tk> U {wZU pU Y {x{_U nfx{U


nf_d ]> R fR |U .ng]= ngJ}I ngR}K ngU nei pbd]Y qhU

h n hYH n gfY pe?

_i nfhdL YnceU YnZU }hh`U U }ZeU


cI n ie\Y }hh`U phdeL
|w ]> dedU x n eh^f>
R

.}^U Y }K
R sgfeU
n_eeU S R }h[U hS{U YjU :pA} c= ngUbi niL

R U bx ngec> U bU xY }n_eU phYH {dU


|w oUnQ R }hh`dU HnH hT yd eU U e_U neLn= }U
phYH nT}U ngc> U }hcU n]B {_= nehH n_eeU

R ngLS {U p_U U ng\_= }in= [x nehR }hB b_U R

.p]dU }Q zR

U YH =}_U nfeUnL R ni d ]> phL}ZY


}cfi nfi gx{=

{H n^i Y {= nLj= fx > }x |U {HnaU n^fU |w }hh`>


phd= nR T w |U
i naU d^U }wn^Y T U
h_x ni f= Y }h`T U x
deU =}_U nfinilR ..SB

hU nY nhS cU
{HnaU n^fU }hh`> U Y}U ngU e_U phL}I pU }_H {[= nfw nfU ()

>} = hL}ZY dL hU }hB w {x~x phQn]U @ R Q


159

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

phLne@ pU{_U pY}cU px}U U }Rx nL n^i K R pex}T }A


nhA
Y _fex nY pe?
hU n[S dK ~hhe> phHnhU pTnZeU
T|eU {gU d= U f > cU {gU |w dU _U }hcaU
gR dnH Z= i{eU }U edU
e_U ohUnH B Y fUn=

{U aH f_U L {h_U edU


e_U w H R h_eU

nYn[L }wn^eU Y ph@nA

neLj= nhbU }Y \S

dH neL nY
nh[_U U
n \x U R |Y R {eU i{eU

hS nA }Y |gR }hh`> n^fU nbH hH R yd eU f_U


phR pH {_= phnfH nA pnB
}K R hdL {S x
nhbU }I q> U }x dL >n_Y SU nh]_eU pbhS
}cL R }U
nY neU |w R phL}ZU de> U pehcU phLU

hU n> n_ai .}hT }JnY gR }hh`Un= oUn]eU _ZU }U


hwni U n^i }bH n_U Y e>
nxn\S R = n AeY n AnY
U }hh`U e_U R {haY phi bx }hh`> f[x U L
nhincY {bx
|U {eU LU h]U w w @}eU >nxnQ
.pxn[S phLne@ phHnhU phLeU }^U {x

lR nZU U nR{i S pY
nxU pH n \x }\U Y
qinT Un^U {eU
n^fU }hh`> dL {bUn= Z> }^U qinT

nh]_eU
dB{U }A aU Y d^Y ai R pY
B U }Ik>
pfUn= pxU n_U n^fU aA |w nU U }U }Zx R

X |gA
YP cJ :QdL
nY L {S YH x}ZdU
.()z= oeQ
. LeU cU hL ()
160

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

}hh`U }U nfU ng= |B Y {=


pegY
n J}I pe?
{bL
:}ZU |w w
Y >nxnQ U U ZfeU

neL B{U Y >jx nei }hh`UnR nf>{S dL neL :


nU n=n= }nJ B Y hU U w {LH {x dL

e=
dB
{Y
{H {x}i nfi
.@nB

}U |w }neU nL{Y U lR }hh`U }U pw|Y R :m ghm>


.ng@ ne=

dH |gR _ZU }U }cL f_U dH L n_= :m Tm>


{U nfed _> Ai nY o=
hU }n_eU nf_S Y naeU phde_U

ne=
= ZfeU xnQ U [x U hb
x {S snfU e\Y n iYjY
ngS~ex
{dU qax |U dB{U
}[U nS Y ai R pY B

.ngw|Y ngaJ ngdw h= aU }hx

og@
ogcd^T
~G :m ghm>

Y f> w pHnY
phde_U
nY

p@nA w nghU nf@nA lR phA

R UnA [_U oSn_> Y~U }Y dL {U xZU }_Y R w x{U

}hx U U|T ^x
phRn hL Y }x |U ~U fU nT U
Y }hcU pdx]U dA R _Y ehR ..gU nU ]bx px R
}Y n= R d]fx ilR x{U nA w |cw na d>
U nH
negAn[x H ngR {_> nY oSn_> cU
~heY

pxhA n> nbf=


:ngfY }ha> fU gR dL nhdU _= B
fx{U fU }ha> dL pnU }Q w Y }hcU B :
161

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

phHnhU }Q _= pY{U x]U x}U xZdU }_x


ne=
.nw}hQ

w y[U pfh_Y
p hH{S (fU }S ) }bU _= nT :m ghm>
eU {beU fU
{e_eU pheH}U }bU
Zx nY U nw{= >

hd_U egR A}I R {g@ }[fx cdR R }BjeU {x |U {e_eU


U }eQ R IU IA {_> }ZU dL }ZU }c>
hdL

bY {`x d fU oh`x {S dT
x
IU }ZU }c=

hU }IneU _U Y fe> U phfw|U o= n`U @nA Zx nY U


. } ZU ng_ U oUbU L {h_=

d cUn= n[x H ng@ b_U w U|U ph_h]U phfU


HnH fU U _dU pdY
nf@nA _x |U }Y eU }U
Y dwnT qdb? U }ZU T L {h_= nf_Y nfcH Sn]fH ai
{}>
U }_>
T
pxng@
}@ U nx }Y |w _h]U

|U ZU
SU {_H de> = dL neY

hbf> h[> dL e_> fx{U fU


nfw ng@ n= yR phew ec> nfw pheH}U }bU }A
@ R
ng@ pna\R xnfL n_I }Y hU {x{UnR {x{U cx
}Bl= dU T nY ni nL IU }ZU gR R d \U f_x
pTeU dL nS d_x ne= x{dU pT}eU
bU
w ng@ nei {x{@

.{x{@ cU }eeU

{h =
nY nwne? >k> U hRU nfU ngU ocx U phA phde_U

:phUnU H {e_> U
nexU pd ~hT}T dU }cadU phHnH {LnbT b_U hc>
162

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

incY b_U U nL {S H d_Y .{= ]U


T

ngUnS {S pingcU }U
_ZU }R
b_U pT}A h_> U _U
:nL f= nR x R eH nY{fL P dU H
dL n i~A eZU qaT
R eZU T {wnI nY{fL hedeU _= nw U hw}=
mw|w cT mw X mw |daT ~dYT
meT mfw
:P nbR hU
.()..=mgT z@ dT m`bew T m^g\X |Xi<

b_Un= fU
}S b_U pehS pfh_Y

phfY
pdA}Y R nfRH L {bU
ad R fUn=
_= cU
w
}nA b_U {e@
Y{bR

d U
x}cU }bU R neg>nbZY }caU b_U pedT }Y

T nfdYj>
P fU
}H ax
nT p\x}R d_U edeU _@ {bU _i
Y fR nY hedeU Y }ZL gfY {AU d _x }eU
hT}ZeU

n[A b> !nfhR phZaY phY


~> }S pY i Y g@

R ax}U p]HeU pdA}eU J Y % () n_dU pheH}U


!ph=}_U p`dU R H nfU
}Bna> b_U {b> pY nfi ceU hbU Y b_U }i

{=
n_U Y phUnL Hj= b_U }ni {x nehR nffcU = f `> U|=
U yei UnL R d x T}i nfi neT px}U Y _fe> U {hUnbU
n[x dU x p =
pYn_U
ph_x}ZU
]U U ~fUn=
phdh[aU

oZRmeT a^Tm< mZw cT w


:rx{U R U Y b_Un=
.()zGm`T ~gwmadT ocImT

. ncA ox|g> RncU ()


{[U zhZdU pe_fU ne> x{U neT :}^i Q x{=n_U x nY L }Y rx{U ()
ng@ nT R ni}T nY p_@}Y cfcex phYH pRnbU nf= R b_U A HdU
.nw{_= nY YcU
163

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

p_@}eU >
Y px}
Y }T w ni}caU px{bi

p_@}Y
}\U
S _eU b_U }? kY o[U
: U n_ > n
n\U L {h_=


]H ngU y U {hUnbU ` L n \x {h_= .[ :jH]

}> p?nT qhU chdL dUnR x{U ]H Y d= nf>n_eY R


()
_U ~x nefh= }ebU U qd {S n_eeU _= R }eU
phUnU px}[U {hUnbU ngi nhU nhS nghdL }x
hedeU ngbR Y
U pedeU }eU qinT {bR phYH p_x}ZU R ngU nH U
U L{x }Y {= }aU nhU nhS R ngbA R Snfx _U ~x
pdx]U nRneU ]bU }> phdb_U ng>{S R cZx qhU R ngA
pRcU Y }> phi{egU {xH neU hH dL |gR ncU s@nU
Jn> ngYK cZ> pxn_Y nY b> nZU U
pQ= ai ~L
c=
.()]fY

}B }U }U B pRnb? px{bfU pRnbU h_a> dL e_i


S :pRnb?
[ :jH]N M L K J I H G F : U n_ > n
}x
{S
nfx {bR {h_[U |w dL n _ n @ei QdL
nY nfU {S
|<mT < cb = md< hdc b= Q :gU nbR [_eU w {bi dL nfU
.o^hmZdTm< h\Tm= .mT v zeK < `w md< eX ]`=
T
aG X hkQ .`eT m]K mdT T gR @

Q maG < e]=


K ` b= Q .gcK a> mdf< d^T mS gcK |^w z^T T maw
dU pe{U pfdU nR :}^i }hQ n= = zhZU ng= R {bR ph=nwU nedL {fL pR}_Y aU |w ()
. nR phed_U
. ahJ = nfU nQ= nT R p_}U ng[S @ ()
164

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

T X \A `< `h Q pT hkQ z^< YX <


oTmaX
QdL {w {bU ()e X < c X v mX `h X cT `bw c^Q X
TnU {bffR {bfU
sgfeU w }hcaU R n gfY nfed _x U |w Yc=

hU i ]x nY{fL
nhfU j]dU }_Y
ni w dL dU K
Hn> Yb>
_\U nbi Y new}hQ

pY d_R j]B }ZU


.pUneU pS}eUn= f_> nHkY
pnB
nhU R

H |w Y
_U |U nf= R phA phde_U R pegeU

phini phLne@ nf>nSL fi :pRnfeU {hY U }? keU pdLnaU

dB R }g[x nH
nLfU T
}ax
Yn@ hY nH dL
{Ax
n hdeL @}x |U phini B
{Y w YnU nH |w .phini

Y {A bH q> g_e> phfJeU B gd T nfU :naY ne=


pT}ZU U L{x _U nT ginx gw|Y giU L }^fU Q

}hQ nfdT nfi{d= _= R hhHnhU YnS R {eU yd][eU w


B
.phini B
yd][Y }]x H lR

x{U B
B

n@U bU Y pY^fY w nei |x_> }_I n_I qhU


ed^x L{x U|x hd_R B i ni B ninR
gij= Y[B {L bx nT i {A
U QdL
Yn> {bU =n`x
Q m gcK
:Q h= L Qn[U nY L rx{U R iB
T <|@ v X z@ new bw T
:aw mS e bT m`eT T |YT
.()megcK _< mehA v
n^fU dL }e> =nA x|U L bx nT :QfL }B rx{A R

. pQU sgi ()
. nfH }S ()
165

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

|g`bT cK fc=mah T fT |g`bT cK fc=mah T mh :gUnbU }]nR


n_U

.()@
cK fh @
cK mh mew me bT meT
:f_x i U f_x nY
.hUn= Un= nf>nLf> nf>nRB }x{i nfhdL

}cR
phU fU cax
sgfe= = n\Y }hac= @x }hacU

.phL}ZU phAnfU Y x}_x


}hacdU

@ d^T |gX cK

x}Y dL \U hd> U Y rx{A n`i S


ng>nxnQ ngQd= A e_U }hY ni R negfL fQ hhHnH
:ZfeU
.A gfY yd[eU ph[I
nh= :new{A

.naU pg@Y R x}cU }bU {w nh= :neghin?

@ feX xcZdT

px U nx y@nfU yd[eU :hR bU n[BnR }Y nY


R nghdL }hx phdeL p]B dL }hx h sgfY Un_eU p
nhbU phRnT phSB px}cR {L
U nx i neT p@{Y phL ]B
:bU nffcex U|U n h> phdeL
Jl= acx phUn_ai pbx}]= phZ_= }x
yd[eU :

{bfx yd[eUn= }aeU neT n? }eU d]U gU R n_ZU

. ai {[eU ()
166

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

hdL nei _ai Y }T } cx {S |gR aT {ghU {bfx {bfU }eU


nY |w hY}U nfU phdeL
nhH R {bfx n bA }x nT

fhU }feU hdL nY {bf> nY{f_R {U x{bU }eHn= _x hdL x


Y
!{hdbU }feU L cdx{= x :g@x |U ydeU kU lR
U {bfU phde_R
nh=nx Y }hcU >nhdH Q }feU |gU nehH

phfhU ph\bU L x}hcU n_= R g> {S b_Y x{= x{b> Y R}>


Y fhU }feU nL }_i }\U {hU

Y ngai
nY{fL |cw .ng= nfU nfS p_@nfU {U x{bU pxnacU hR ne= de_x U
x{= gU {b>
eL R}>
g@}B pY{bY
= {x ne=}R nfU nL
lR U|U x{Un= _fb> U T}> hdL o_[x n hI nL Y hR w neY
}h]U \R}U `fx L w }h]U L x{T {Un= }U U L{U
.nghdL _Zx
ngU @}x

nwfx gfY ni

yd[eUnR pg@eU }]U R pecU L {_> pT}A :m ghm>


bhH phRncU phR}_eU {_U
}h[Un= ydx pecU L {_x |U
Y fw R {x nY T bx _afx >}x }[x ph> }wnK }Y
d^U Y cx {S |gT I ngdhna> Y Yg= [x nehR ncR
hdL }x |U hcU ni .hd[eU {L R @
acx }ca= x}B fb> U ohUnH \R {x {h@ ]x
}`x {S }hcU ngU a U A pini}U
n_ZU Jl= {= yd[eU
}L }x >bY { }x w w~U Y pUnA h_hR _U ha[U |w
dL aSY { >nedT S R n bY }={x Y yd[eU .L nH
}An= phA T}A dL n =nx n dH nw}h?j> {Y pY
.Y HnaH _= A phZYnw n_Y R yd[eU B{x
167

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

nT nY lR nfw Y
R pY{[U dHj= (dU eA) L _= hex

baU }caU nxn\S nf> _dU hx


{S neT n SJ f_x phdeL

~gH naHn= Lne@ |U b]U }n_ZU {hb_U

.gbaU }caU hjU L {_U T {h_=


pd>}Y ph]H
pbx}]=

Y Y n gfY {e_x cex phdeL bx |U :m Tm>


\R nghU efx U pY eedU pxn\U px}caU phU nB
L
bx |U nei heUn^U x}ceU n=n= }gK dL n h> ai w cx

ew InL phU d> shi Y [dY nI w phA


phde_U

gU chH kgR ngY pY


kw phA g>L R phL}ZY

}T T{hH nxn\S Yew Y gHne> eeU A Y g@}B o=


@ B c= de_x H hR bU nbi dU YT w}hQ Y
.. ZfeU }hh`U

U UnL Y }^feU R}eU n \x phdeL bx :m ^<

_hJ .i peB nfR fcx ph@n_U }U R Zh_x x|U


neR {HnaU bx cdY in]dH H}e= >jx {@

phdeL
bx U fx dR >L R n [dY ai R n Un ZU cx U

n d[Y cx yUn T hU i yh .h]_x ZU {SnaR


.ai R n Un c> U n d[Y c> cex cU

U }hZx phA pT}U zxn> :bdU H :m XmA


{@ ni nA R n \x px{hdbU phfx{U ph_@}eU {b> U YnZU nf_e=
ngahK {> U ph_@}eU |w U U R oU _x ne=
phnfH

{@ nei HnhU Lne@ fx{U phdeL nhS R nH


168

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

nh= L}ZU cU nfHn= [x nehR nehH x{U aA R ngxU


ned_U ngbaU w phdeL
nS x|U nfx |gU hadcedU aU
{heU H Zh_x x|U }[_U Y dLnaeU hUnH}U hT}U
}Zi pY R Y LU r=
dL B { c= de_x
LU Y R R kw dL hU _i
nfU ngnf= h= px{bfU pRnbU
.heU dL ai }ax }hh`U phdeL bx bY T}A h@ nf= pY R

L}Ze= Yk> phL pi {L dL }[bx yd[eU dL {bL


Lne@ T}U nY{i dL U Y R e_x hdL = A
.A }ZY pfnU ngi pY R p\x}_U px}hwneU {LnbU Y
m`T of?X Q |aT zv

pT}U L rx{U nhH R hU }]i


nfhdL |U inU }Y

x{aeU naU pg@Y R i}bU


{gU dL }_i
w phA

SB
{h_[U dL H naU d_Y neU |w R dL }hfU

n_eeU nY oH nR w n[S
Lne@
HnhU

pY
cex nw}h`= Y {Hn= kY n\U nhgi dL }IkY
.nge@ R }Zx nge^L R }fx naU nY gf>
nfw aT n fh= n n Yni}= {L
H lR naU pg@Y R
:sgfeU |w R phHnH }nfL p?? U nIn=
ogTjdT Q :

{A ni
he> R y x}cU }bU
|w R naU phUkY

dL peUn= bdx phUkeU |w Y [fx


nhU
ni |gU x
Y {bU n\bU
pUnY R gn]Bj= gUn]> nY{fL }hcU _ax neT
169

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

S g>nhUkY Y }gdU
: U n_ > n
gfY pn=
.[ :}U]
mG Q :m ghm>

h}U oU }h[U ni dL ax
w Un_U |w R nR cU
}ax |U {U |w phgU pRU n^i R L ni }i R

deU
{x}x nY R e_x dL dU pahdB nLn= hdL
nhU neL dL e_U w fY dU {x}x nY fY Un_> dU w
S n xnY n hLne@ n hSB n xf_Y n hA n i}eL
: U n_ > n

n R}i U
|w L }i ni cU
[ :w]

dx>) dx`> dL qdeL U phTgH pxneU


pRnbU An@ nY{fL n fh=

Y {x}> }U Y `x}a> (Q U
.nhSB hbU T
^T Q :m Tm>

}hQ n^fU T Y }T d S }R dL }[bY cx n> naU


I {HnR n Yn^i eeU dL TnU n^fU cx }B {HnR
inU fU pg@Y Y }hc= gH w naU Y fU pg@Y
nei }R ng= bx nR}i }Y
L n >ni hU inU fU Y naU
acx fU |w Y nR pg@Y aR |gU pR}fY pRnb? {HnR n^i ni w
Y i >} U phew dL gx}_> x{HnaU nbH dL e_U

nR {I
inT ne=
}B nI ga d x R {HnR n^fU T
e_x }x Y cU
{=
n^fU nbH B c=
R gfY
.x{HnaU sfx |U {HnaU
bi |gU
Un_U R g>nYcA gneL dL hn`U nZU cU
170

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

R {fU
gf_di nIn= {i

{= Un_> :YH =}_U


.A JnbH dL e_i n^fU

phw|eU phan]U p[neU n^i ph=}_U ni= R naU pe^i Z= Y

pinceU x
fJ U _Un= {dU |w R {A
yex |U

.ng}Y ow|eU p== Y = pbU

oS_dU }={>
nfi nfdcZY lR H Y
h]> n_ain= }[i

ZU R ohU{U }Al= nY {HnaU nfe^i Y nf\Q a fi ni}> |U


neL~U @}= nY
nZU h T
g|x neU x}J ]S phU rxd>
R
fbx fx gi ph=ni p}R R g@ni {h_i ? Y gU
.na]_feU Y }hcU R n=ni p== dL phw|eU nf>nh[L nH

= nI R w neY
}T n^fU R pdcZeU dL }IkY |w
cU
gai R hUn inT ne=
p]dU R nI _=
zR
R bU U }_Zx rhA Y g_R{hH {HnR n^i R gJ}i
S naU
k j i h g f e d c b a : U n_ > n
.[ :}bU]s r q p o n m *
inY naU n^i nbH dL e_> ng}I pRnc= pY o@
S }hh`U nY n bnL dcZx
x|U x{HnaU dL }eUn= px{U c>
: U n_ > n
:}_ZU] ~ * | { z y
.[

HnhU naU pe^i w ngg@Y Y {=


U naU pe^i }]B _U
H qhU ngi nU pax~eU
phfx{U pH{bU d= h]`> x

|U
UnU |w pg@Y x~U |w y\R Y {=
nfw Y pfi phbY nh[L

171

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

phHnhU h ]dU h= S nhi{U hJH p]dU ngbR h= ZeU


m`e :P dU H L rx{U R d naU ecY nfgR phfx{U

Y dU H nx :hS X zQ zQ X pc mc X X
.()|X mfa`T :nS new

. {[dU n[U ()
172

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

|H mXzaX :feT ogcdK

dL qbd]i U A gfU phdeL


neY
pehdH ~nT ph H
peeU }ZU }R> {_U nfUn= d c> {S ngi {h= fL rx{U dH
{L peeU ph phg> U _i nfhdL n Y~U cx |gU gfdU
cZ= ngU`H U|U pHnfeU p}aU nhB i px}\U }ZU
nfU px}\U nY{beU }ZU w
nhU ng[[i p]bfU |w {h@
pnU
nghew

ngU nB }I p?? U dx nehR }hI H phde_U |w


:gfU phdeL ni R

mdG pRT @ : |YT

()

Y~U phewj=
Y gi }I w Y
ngT nw_I w ngY{b>
h= nfY nA h= {h_[U |w dL p_x}H pinbY .qSdU ng> A
n _hh\> _ZU Y }T Y w nfY ZcH ]eU _ZU _=
qSU pehS T{x U lR }hh`U p_hdJ w nZU rhA .nSU {w
@}eU
w neT nf U pY
|gU gU ocx dR neH > fx

.YjeU
R w n_U Y n\Y }gI Y hU R qhbU }nY Y ~@ nH R w f_U |w ()
.nhU nbfU _= hdL qa }h= {_U }= R Qn}U nY {Y
173

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

o_d U gd U U dhY n ZU L }_eU _hJ


}eUn= i

nZU nY Y |w U @U .}gU }eU R Q }aU


ne=
p}R nZdU p@nA U cI
= hR }h }U _R L }Y

pdcZeU .=nU
U
eU R U U }hZfH neT xhA JnZi {hU
R }x rh= gd U o_d U R {L {A
ni nx nY{fL {>
L rx{dU nf_R{x |U }Y pUn]U }aU R =nI hh\> qSU {w
.neH qSU phahT H R Y~U pehS

X}T odgR

[U
R Y~U pehS hi
neT nY~UnR YH
{U R

nfU {=

:~@ Y cY
w nfncU {A pT}U nL }K w d_i

pT}A w ..}S bL hfH gI h=nH nx nLnH nS ?


_]S _]b> U hUnT gR {A ge> eg> ngi R }eY

nf@nA Y~U pehS {i nfw Y .U U _x {= }cx


n \x w
:w i}bU [U
o= nY~U .hU

S n \x px w -ngi hU Y~U B neT dU nx Y px (


: U n_ > n

a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y XW V U T
:}H]l k j i hg f e d c b
S :}B px R [
r q p o n m l : U n_ > n
.[ :ix]{ z y x w v ut s

px Y }T R = Un_> dU S {bR U|T i pdhd@ peh^L pe_i w (


:}[_U]& % $ # * ! : U n_ > nbR x}cU }bU nx Y
.[ :eZU]. - , * * ) ( :@ ~L nS [
174

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

nfhdL }a> px phUkeR phUkY nfd e x |gR pe_i px Y~U nT


nfhdL }a> pe_fU phUkY ngbnS nw}H R nghR }={U
YjU

nw}ei hT cU nw}ei ngd `i

pRT mdG

U kx nY |w ng> gUY neH fx nfU _=


f_e= n L}I hdL }x n ghaH {_
x {S U|T nT Y >nB neU nh
g>nS fx nfU Y x}hcU cU
.UY R }[U
Y _fY

.pxn`dU pehB SnL c> aU


Y fU |w oR gUY hU
}Y |w ox}`U
nfijcR nZU nH R nehH pYnL }wnK cZx
}hc= }]B }e_U {w neL {gi neU {gi necR {gU R H}eY
{bR ng\x_> cex neL cU
\x_> cex neUnR neU {w Y
Q gT |G mX gT Q mKmT |G mX :U
hdL hfYkeU }hY L
.()|d^T Q geT |G mX geT Q fYT |G mX fYT
{S fL pYnhbU x jf H nfilR U`H qSU neH i U
K :< K iw @ oXmgaT w zK mXzR }= :fU rx{U R }Y

K a`h mdgQ S w X TmX K < mdgQ <mH K meQ mdgQ |dK


.pgT v me@

mYT z`X |`T

niU {aY }aU }aU nA R S S neH x U Y


pdx}U pex}dU o[B qfY
gR }h]B pR w nZU hU nehH

. (
pLeY) }KfU pw~i }JU hf> ()
175

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

phafU
}Y nZi oH w phU n_U dL nY
phbdU

}aU dL }aU ngT}x U pehBU oS_U phdU n? Y U }hQ U


:}LnZU bx eeU dL

.() {aY
{aY
}edU

{
}aU nZU
U

nZU nH R }aU }wnK nZi nH phLeU pH{U R

:nH {L }T|i h]i

R Un= |U Lnf[U eedU }InY phi pdh[A w }aU

n_eeU _@ nY pdYn_U {hU {= ni nhdeL R pU dL neL

.e_dU pHnfY p}R {x U x|U e_U L hdJn_U Y h= s\>

pgR}eU {dU _= R h_U ei w }B n H U U

n[Y nZU Y }hcdU }Rx |U w phTgH


pxnY pRnb? dL nS w

e_U {cU
x}B ni nA dL U T
U p@nA h_dU pdgH
U dU h_U R efU |w }x{[> >
{S S{eU }baU U Zh_x

.Un_U _I ^_Y

{U Y }hcdU pieU }hQ pxn[S nHnhU neT


n H qdcI
e_U L Jn_U nZU Y }hcU lR nfw Y .}aU pUn]U pdcZeU n Un?

>nS n Q}R h_x |U


R gY{U ox{> h@> hwj> nL U p@n=
phYcU nHkeU = g>
eeU ne^fY
nY |w eeU

.dw

ZU ex |U nf U }aU U hU }^fU Y _h]U


Y

.f`U f_e= {U inQ :}^i phwn_U = }_ZU |w ofx ()


176

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

pbhbU R n Q}R hU |gR phnx}U phAnhU phghR}U p]Zi _=



nei nf>nS h^f> h]> Y d]fx i n YY|Y n Q}R hU bfU

nZ> nA Hnc> T pUnA Y d]feU }aU R w cU Y

R nf>n_eY aUj> U }Y |w nT neahT >nS ph\eU ZU R{x neY

}L e_U R d_U R n J}fY nZU ^_Y nT {bR .nY~U UnH


| x nU phed_U pH{U Y _x nY{fL inT gi ned_U _= L
U n =nH gai
n]d U _= dL eZ> U ocU _= }bx i
n]d U Y nw}hQ px`d U ph= phRnbU nLfeU
= nghe> cex nY

oT hS Y pnB n T ngU _ U fhL qSU R pab eU pc\eU


.h]_U nx R h[U = U ex
inT cZcU

ngeh^f> nf>nS R nf>nhA R aU U nI {>


.}e_dU n Lnh qSdU {w cZ> ngiT R }aU L } b >

X rXmh|T

}aU Y qSU neH Y sYni}U w nY :j> U

|U w y@nfU ni :U
pdLnR pbx}]= S >nhA ^fx
U ]UnR .=}> >nhA f`x _afx ne= >nLnH Ynx ex nf =
px{U phA}U nf>nd ]Y nf@nA dL nf>nS h^f> w
px}H
n h?? n ehb> qSU hb> U pax}ZU rxnA {I {S .phLne@
hfYkeU }hY L rx{U aR qSU h^f> phde_U n bd]fY n HnH yd[x ne=
Hm^X |w oKmG <
mfgQ ?mew oKmQ :mKmG > XjdcT :nS Q
g< `h g< c w oKmG
mdgQ mf={T
bw Rm^cT ~gT .dw w
177

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

m^X Q \A m^dT oX |X :> Q m ZAmH


.()|X |gP Q {T

. : pY}eU
yd[x :}x
:nh=

sYni}= neL
i {b>
{Ln[> pUnA R ni bhH
{Y ^fY

..Lne@ A}U SB ed_U {h_[U dL H \R

G X :Qn[U nfYnY _R nfYnx n> naU j]U Y


mw}T |^w T X ^cX fQ mdv|H
gXw |A mS X _X fQ mXw

X T |gA dTmQ |R mZaeT T mS X |R mZaeT T mS `h Q


H ni{Q cx w hY hU n> Y H w nY nfw .()mgT

A }> @}> pUnA R ci ni}nA Y H nfdbY nfYx Y

bi R nT Y ()|X fQ gXw |H
zP mS X SB edL
.U }hB eUnR

deL
sYni}= pe?
hU i {bLjR nfinA R {LnbU |w nf_

|T Un_> dU }eU e_U Y }h> dL naU hH R neL cex


{fL }_eU nL R Qx{=n_U x nY nfU _ |U sYni}U
fcT :Qbx neU n[U
Q meaQ zdX
zdX
cK

|bH |YT
|v |gT md^G meXmw gd? Q {v mecgT {v meXw

oImg@ |bedT K fe T |^dTm< |X zT ohmX eT


m= ^e T

ohm^X m[T
mH }K T
|Zh T ImT mah G

.()gfc T g^[T

. pQU sgi ()
. nB in_Y ()
. nB in_Y :}^i Q hfYkeU }hY L px}U R neT ()
.neU n[U R nL Y pxnU pah[U ()
178

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT


w qSU sYni}= R ]B e> nL{U
|w }bR Y }bR T
SB A}U {_U ini Lne@ {_U h= e> Ai neT
|w Y p_}U }baU |w nA R nf= ]> p_x}H }^i bdi j= j=
R i Ai rhA neU n[U R ni d_i }ax |U nL{U

L{U d ]x ngJ U P fU
dL [U {_= T|eU ]beU gY
_R phUnU YU hUnhU Ynx he@ R {U hRU fY n UnJ dU U

:n T}>

w }hU = e_U f_e= |gT md^G


nL Y yUn eL T
a > w{_> UnhL = {Ln> Lne@ nZi Un_> dU p[UnB
}baU R >jH ..ni nin_Y hR
R }hU @ }= _= pbAU
T mX | b w | g T ~
g T :}hU L H {S QhfYkeU }hY L rx{U
=
d c @ ] ^ w
d c K |b w |g T b T zT
m ^ < m

e T vm

c T | ` _ G
mg hzT
Q | g A
i G c T z d@ p e @ kQ <
|g T Q mw ?
.()..
o < Tm< mf S z w f Q m <h n h ? g c ? | T

| g T c ^ Q :Q fL
|g S c gc R |g S |g _ kQ m g H e X | a =

| g c T T{ S c T b g Q e X | g T ^ ` < T z@ S z@ T a w
` S md f e X d S | = md f d Q v | YT
.()c v d Sm

w }ZU
L }Y
yhS T
T}> \R f_e= |YT
|v

:Q hfYkeU }hY
.()g^T mdT Xm? |YT

. pQU sgi ()
. ai {[eU ()
R cU i n= R U|T i}U hY = sgfU }I :}^i ()
:sgfU R LeU cU hL R |cw RncU :}^i .. Yn@ }ZU :RncU
. pQU sgi :}^i .. Yn@ U
179

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

w nY ngfY [> {_>


n_U dL Un_> dU _i ^e T |bH
@ ned_U _= }x .ngbA j= cx nw}cI Jn= w nY ngfY }wnK
}cZU
{[bU :odbUn= _f U }cZR .U nd U odbUn= d _x eL

ngUn[xl= a]U n? R }caU


nghdL {he> {he> Un_> eh^_> U
hdgU {heU {heUn= [beU U ngK :nd Un= .U i
pin_H Y }A >nL LnJ R ngUne_H :Un= .yhU
.()aUnY h[_Y R ng=

pf H e@ :fU
m=
ng= e_U ng= {Sn= ngLn> eT
U hdL dU d fL px}eU
rxnA dL n L}I d]> pbx}]U :p`U w

Y L}I : U hdL dU d fU
pbx}]U dL

f H nY w pxfU
hdL @U = d _x nY dL pf U
d]> {S ..U }hQ {fY }aY
:Q }a_@ = S
hfYkeU }hY S ()oe T
X S
T oe T
z^=

oT mfS|= zv mf< {A o[w|Q Q oe G :me G oe T :()hdL dU d


.()og\A mv|gP T mfS|= ocg[Q mf< {A o[w|Q |gP Q oe G

w pL{U ngfL n_= zT ohmX


ni ?{A }Y T
nY
hU{U hdL bx U dU = jx U ne= x{U R p[hbi nx
pY}Y
{eU {eU }Y nT
pL{= hU gR x{Un= U pSL neY
h= di x R phiniU ai hR nT nehH
Un_> dU p`Y
nY Y {bU
}Y w {=nR {= {=
fL fQ }

. Q x{@nU {hH pah }I R hcUnU nx ()


. RncU ()
. ai {[eU ()
. hcUnU nx ()
180

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

hdL `eU }eU gR n [bi nx x{U R }[U


w {=

oT oKz< S
:rx{U R neY
Q oT S
P fU S ex
.()meT

w }_eU |bedT K feT |^dTm< |X


dU }Y nY T
gR }cfeU nY n_U pd[Y hR neY
neY
Un_> dU \`= nY T
= Un_>
U p\x}aU w }_eUn= }Y p\x}R n_U {aY hR
n @nhH cZ>
_= R nfdS {S B }>
Y n f[A pdnaU B pxneU
wn> }i }n> ngi R ec> p\x}aU |w phew :}neU
@ R pdLnR phA ngx}eH phYH p_x}ZU nbU {ge>
}hU }Zi R

p\x}R :bUn= Uni nghdL }U hd\U xZU nY T

phYH
}aU }nH pYnS Yn\U w }cfeU L gfU }_eUn= }Y

fL nwnLn= ng= }Yji U ngYnS }e>


[U p\x}R bH hT

rnU nLn= fL f i U }eU }I }ni hT !}_eU


ngij= ngfL }h_U Q}a_@ = L rx{U R n@ nfw Y !}cfeU
}aU nb> i }aU
nehR Q}SnU nY bx ng=
mcZT mfeX mgh gG |bedT K feT |^dTm< |X
:- fL

Tm]dT |= nGmbdT =
nv{dT Xi= |`T ma= mf< odg]K o[w|Q
.()|X gaw zK X Zew |d^=
}bR dL }[eU hd_U L q@}B i U nfw dL
nY~U
U pbdbU hwnaeU _=
nfhdL q d B {S i U i
T|eU nL{U
}cfY }_eU y[x {A
U Y q d }cfeU sx}> R {LnH

. RncU ()
.negHnfx nY gfU }Y = Y p_hZU nH ()
181

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

gaY :nZU h= }Zf> U hwnaeU |w pde@ Y n R}_Y }cfeU

px}U
dL {_x nY {x}x nY _ax U ye> U }adU ph[ZU

x |U nei hdL }L gaeU |gU n bR nfbA Y hU x}B


}ZU Unx nY oc> U nehR pYnhbU x Un_> dU w Sn_x Hnx U

.hdL }L nfU x
}Y R nfU B R i nY

R hU cU hdL pbReU h]i neU }U


rx{U |w

bi nfU x i :nbx A h= B R ni c>}x |U }cfeU

|U }cfeU R cU nei = }gZi


}H y\ai h[B
h= hdL

n adY }Y cx nfw n_U }U nY d_ax d]U gU R }eU Hnex

phSB pY^feU U x ph[ZU px}U


p_x|= {A
x

|U ZU U qx H }bx

nY |w eeU c> U phehbU


pYnebU nbU ohU{U }T) nwi n\U
n`Un= pYn_U
phU dx

Y _fei nfU x
(n_U n\adU rxd> Y ngfL sfx nY Y nS}]U R

h_i U phU rxd> R [U


nffY dL {_x nfhU x i U

U nU |cw {A hR Snfx |w U Y _fY nfU x


]Un= nghR
neU i}h@ khR nZU R h= R nx|eU R}x nT n [I

neY |w g@nL nfU pA S Y _fY hdL }L A


nfU lR
.n \x hR B
L}ZU
}cfeU nex |U ZU dL ninbLn= ]fx fhL nU

oc>}x nZU R n xnL Zex nT U neT eU nY n fdL SB

Y lR }_U
U p@}Y
{A
}RnH }eU Ze> n_U nhU {x nY

SB Y U > phinex ni@ d>


ngi nghdL }_i nfbA
182

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

{S dL nf>nf= ngTd= Z>


}iU nf=nI ninf= }_R

eedU
dL {_x U|= ilR hedeU I R n fdL }eU x Y |cw ng=
nLn= }eU U }^f> U phfx{U w}LnZY ~ax
phinex gh[B

.}cfeU rnU

neU Y H}A xneA {g_>


f_> JnhA G oImg@
had eU _= Y {L S Y { H gxZ> dL e_> U

of> pS}= xnfL dex eHn= } x x|U [dU Ln> Y


pRnT neL Y }ZeU bhbU H @ }= dL e_Un= U hU
pin_H Y nw}U ]feU dL ~c>}eU pL}ZeU ohUnH
nH c=
.px{U U n[>

ni dL } ]B Y d ex ne= JnUnR T ImT mah

e_U Y }aY
{_U ]feU n> phSB hbdU ngi
Y}T

> L{B nh= a_ nbi ngKl= g@Y U nbi dL


R { {x n ingY n ah_ bhU pL}ZeU ohUnH Z= g@Y
.pY S R n Tn= dx pah_\U afU

SeUn= fL p_R{eU pedcUn= c> >}[i }K T


|Zh

U
w oin@ U SUn= L}ZY R }feU U {xkeU
de_U

inT {hhZ> A
pYnSl= chR ~L nY gfL nR{U w{hxj> n[i
.hU L{U = }hZU hinbA ngK

nT H x}]U L nU }nU ni w n\U


m[T mH
ni x n xf_Y n bx}J UnfY Y ~fY U ZU x n xnY
n bx}J
{[bY dL U {> w nI {I}U px{gU U
H R ]U c=
183

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

nbi }dU
nI [x U
neL \R Y n\U
nhA haR }U
aR {gU nex x}J U e_U \U x}J Y ngUnZi afdU
:nS Q dU {L = L rx{U
e ^ < g c K c T
c g
eX j d T |g X mR

R d gT T P c T
G
c T w
K z = @ z@ c =ma = cK mw :T m

? w zw c K c T z f w
~
.()p < | P
g c K p ^ c I md X T | g A
d YT
, + * ) :Un_ > dU S L Qn[U nY H {S

7654 3210/. b R [ :{neU]; : 9 8


X mf ? | A X :n
.()mf c R z a Q T zv X mf ? | A X mvm
g @ md hi b Q zv T

S
pdhA |U ZU w h_\U g^[T ohm^X

{bx R x}B dK Y _fe> U {S >n@nA d= Y fce>


w in_Y .()nw}cY = {x}x e\w edK {x}x eY
nfY dL
w e_U |w >n@nA d= Y fhce= fL d^U R}= >{LnY
mR :nS Q dU {L = L }U aR peU
nS{[U \R Y

.()oRzZT [Q X g^[T hK :P cT G
rh`eU }]\eU w gdeU hgd U .gfc T
bx Y U @nA {Z=
} _ ZY Tl= }h_U .?n`H phd= cx T
gdeU p?nQ \R R .gdU }_U
?nQ U ijT in@ U
.()m`fc T o>mP nw
mS h :P fL nY :ngfY nx}U Y {x{_U

. RncU ()
. RncU ()
. hcUnU nx ()
. RncU ()
. RncU ()

184

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

o>mP m]^T h{T m` S X :QhfYkeU }hY L nY ngfY


.()|bdT K ~g`eT fcdT

{@ afU nf Y T
\x U |A
n xfH n x}gI
xnf_U |w e\x

.nwni dL e_x ? Y

zT o|Q

R R S neU yh[> U ni nf= {x {b>


nY R

Y }hcU q_h
.phbU h\> {bR ni U lR phb=
i ow
}e_U R
{dU p}R YnY ~> R hdbU |w h\>
R hdbU U b= }eL
>}B h\>
R nhi q_h
{= >j> Y }hB }BkY >j>

}BU e_U
dU U _U p=U n= }e_U }B U n AaY =n= ^x
S eU ni}\x p]x}I nhU |w Y p^U }B U aY
: U n_ > n
V U T S R Q P O N M L K J

c b a ` *^ ] \ [ ZY X W

ponmlkj ihg fed

d_R |gU [ :nfU]x w v u t sr q


nfhdL .]bhR hnY hdL }]hx }hh`U phincY Y jhx ni

@i
beU U d]i neU R nf>nS nineL Y nf_h nY dL {fi

.mfgmX X |gA Xmw aX ^? :nL{Un= Un_> dU U

_h\>
R cx{x h= w heU cUneH w T}eL !nZU ngx
_h]U B{eU w }hcaU }hh`U ? Y }hcadU Y cYnY }R
. pQU sgi ()
185

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

S .afUn= }hh`U {x {=
~ } | : U n_ > n
}hh`dU

nfhdL pHneU YjdU


nfU chdR [ :{L}U]
p]Y
ni}[S x \Y nehR nfd_R nY :nfai ji (nA }@) = bi
{=
phHnH ]T px} pHneU x eL dL R nfY{b>
w
R ngfY
h= R mvh Gm= R b`h Gm@ }hh`U phdeL

.()|S |^cT }f=

ni dL }IkeU
nfYnew qSU pehS ni}x{b= cx pHneU phdeL

h= }aU .UneU {h}U w neT n Yne> {h }e_U }eL Y nfU b> ne=
cex neT {x~x cex neU {h }e_U {h UneU {h}U
nY }T ni lR |U }eY
n[bi R gR }e_U {h nY bfx

qfT

nfw Y x{x h= ~x {h U qS cx
lR nI {UY ex ne= gU n A}R naA naA Y Lna>
ni}B {bR YjdU
nL{Y w nY {b= }adU nL{Y qhU nineL Y pfH \Y

.!}ai _R
ni}eL Y q[bi pfH

he[> nfU c> w pHneU ni dL }B }IkeU


nY dL {f U n>n= nfT}> \R i nf_R{> afdU }eY
{wnY

.beU i d ]U \Y

ow|T m[Q :hmT |YT

}x{b> Y {b>
gfU phdeL
ni
nY U pRnn= nx }U

Y n\R U px}U phUnH}U nfegY


nLT qSU pehbU
R fY {=
.@}hdR inU eU R rx{U |w n[Y }Y ()
186

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

nghU d ]x U px}U
nfeR .. phYL phed_U px}caU phHnhU px}U

nZU nehH

U @ ]U
{=U p[B ph cZx

ni T
hT px}U gai hcR px}U gaY L rx{dU }baU |w nf[[B
{bR
ngHnei

ow|T odgR

i w px}U
hbU e@ Y ngi :nfdS Uni nfU p_ pehS I

:nwQ phini

{dR nghdL nfU dU }]R phini }]R gR


i }]R
~i nf Y T

.{H phS }U
px_U R }U

nwnf_Y nhU yfe> pY}cU wn\> phini n> px}U pehS


.a fx |U gU w ni w nw~`Y

n L{Y cx cex ninR x{U {= }H


U n SB
w

.}hh`dU n bd]fY cZ>


nc= {=U n HnfY n\R Y k> px}UnR
}A

cx

.pceU Y \R d_@ U w ni ~xne> }H

w px}U

>~hY
U w {_x _h]x bUnB dL A }ex
R ni px}R
}_> U pceU dL
nefh= h]x dL Y deU pLn]U
SY Y {_i ni Un_> dU L L pLn]U nx ni

.}bU }U SY Y px}U

~x~L c> }A
c> f_Y phini n\aU eY ngi

n_I nT nfw Y gU |Un=


}> afU x}T n YnbY n ax}I n h=

..zxnU }Y
dL }A n_I w oT {T me X mfgv
187

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

ow|T c\eX cT owK

}A o
ow i Un_> dU Y px}U
{ei
nfi

x w px}U

gbdB neT }A d ^x nfdU {S gfh_Y gegdY w nR}ZU


fc S meT
oX zK zcw T
:QdL
hfYkeU }hY _R
.()m [^ < b [ ^ < A c T b T |@

xL Un_U nY }A
U {L c> {x}x Un_> dU @
}U
}\= n xS
n HnA hR ef>
ngi = px}dU _d]> Rnf> dU

Y
}h`U nw{_x nY{fL ai hgx gR dU px_= eR hbU T
.dU
`eT Q ow|T gd^=

f x U }A eY fi
L UkY nfilR {b> nY R
U nfU
pT}A ni S R ngdhj> afU R px}U pehS he_=
.nf>n_d]> nf>}]R Y n Yni >nhA
:}ax }A eY nf=

ai pinw U n AeY hdR ngY}ci


ngY}fU nfaij= {i :

zR |gP zK b= :- fL nehR QdL


nY nS ngU
qZL phini afU B Y {> px}U () |@
cT c^?
{HnR .{_x U |x Y~gx {A cex R dB R px}U
U|U phd=nS U c> U hdL }ax cex
h_x Y I
_R U R U }A
bhH = ~gfx cex dB R px}U
. RncU ()
pQU sgi ()
188

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

| (ph[Y) o mh < mh T @ g
d ? c K | @ | T :Qn[U nY

z G
| f R | G | b = T n mZ d T g c K (qeA) p S z= mf T
w
w | @ | [ w T gcK cT c g
zZT
G
X
w mS md S | K | g T m<
|f R z^ G
.()| G

pehb= nA ghR efi


pRnb? dL ninf= =}i
nfhdL :m ghm>

px}U
}gbi gfhgi gU |i {= nfU x
n[i gh[I
px}U

gx}A
.h_inB nY
x}cY n`J nY beU R icx H

bH px}A nf> cex p_inU pdhU|U ph[ZU


n eUnK @>
Y }e_Y
:}LnZU bx
he= }U nY

hdL gU
gx

x
q
g x
Y

ow|T d>

n =Q |Bk> n L~i ~f> nei {A Y yfe> ]_> px}U

nin_eU w n ^wn= cx oUn`U R ngfe? = neUn= nf> w


pehS n nB n e_J px}U ]_x nY |w nh\U |= {=nceU
_h\x {S ehS {bx
U ilR neUn= ni Unfx nY paLn\Y

hdL Rnx ilR nY{U |=


hU }_= Unfx |U ZU nefh= pUg=
.h_UnaIj= hex
nhA Y }hB {fL ~_U
Y pU |eU hL pingeU =jx }U
ni

meX mfgv :pY}cU px}U i d= =}T w |w hU |U

lR |gU ()eXjdT TG
@ R bx }U
T meT cT <iw oT{T

RncU ()
. {x{U = = sgfU }I nJ = a]U dS R gdU ()
189

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

w ai >nhA ad T U pingeU }x ncH n_H nHnhH


.()dex nY ~L

}w|_T of?X Q ow|T

L rx{U
de_x x|U heUn^U x}ceU pg@Y R px}U

R }A ci nfhfx `fx gedK w}gS nfU n_H dL


U niL{> nY{fL nf>gZU \i R Un= nY
afU n]hZU pg@Y
lR .nfS}> nfU |> {x}> U ni~}`U nbfi Un_> dU ph[_Y
px_U

~}`U Yn]eU gZdU


x}ceU hJdU px_U L n iw b>
fYT z K
z K X
:QhfYkeU }hY L ()|T
:QdL
_R
= () |@
pg@Y R ~_U
px}U

cT c^? zR d\T eR|w


ng_f[x x}ceU heUn^U
ai LneJ pg@Y R }A
nT Y
dL dU pYU pL{U U L{> U Un=
R U

nY
.{U
}[U SY

|w|T ow|T

:\U]s r q p : U n_ > dU S {LnS dL }hB


}x}> {_= pY}T ~L
Y hU = _fi nY j= fi
nf= {x ex [

= {x~hU px_Un= }S dL bU nB |U deU ZU px}U {gI pde@ Y ()


r_R sU
{x}x w pfx{eU B pxn_Y = {x~x :Q }SnU nY L rx{U R n@ {bR pxn_Y

:@}U U nbR hS}H qI


_= qI
U {L i U }b>
:{x~x U nbR n>jR x}S Y @ U

qi nY H phdwnU
R
=
Y
\R
=
nT

n
A
x}S
R f Y }Tj= qi nY !{x~x nx dU

U nbR dS dU U }b>
R f Y \Rj=
U :{x~x U nbR qUjH ne= U }S
hcR f Y }h= x{U
U hdL dU d dU H = (U neghdL) dL

= hU dS Y ^Lj= nx dS hU :@}U


. RncU :}^i ! bR = }YjR
. LeU cU hL ()
. ai {[eU ()
190

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

neUn=
dfi U () e> }A n[i {_= ()nfU R pd eU nf

U }hH nin_Y Y n@ nh\> nZU ~x~L n Y fe? nT =


ai nfhdL n Y~U nT |gU ..dc? Y U zhI @ U aJ hi

nin_eU A Y U ni{h_x j= {A
yei |w px}U pe_i

}A ai nfdB{x
U ph[U pdU {bai nfd_x w|eU

.n`U deU w nH ni{L U nfg f>


h]dR U }Ik>
A Y U ni{h_x ZB = px}U _J
ni{bahH
w|eU }A

nfj= nY n_x j= ni{_U


phw|U p}aU hghH
i px_U

U U nf_R{x x R nfw nfw pT}_Y nfhdL q } R .nfini |x


nfd= nfLnfS nfnY }hh`>
.nfdS

ni |gU
pdA}eU |w R nfhd_R nfY}T nf>~L
nfx}A
ei

pecU LUn= d i (phdB{U pfaU pdA}Y) nfxn> Y pHnU

ni~a> n_ai U }fi

phw|eU nh[_U nehH


nh[_U

!}aeU AU Y H U U > hini


ni od> U

mP_T |mX |gZT maw :qTmT |YT

|w ngnf= {U LU Y na> w pY
gfU rUnU }ZU

pUnA dL n\bdU {U e_Un= bx U


px}ZeU gU phY

pR}dU Y w gU lR hgU hd\U pHnhH @= SU nghR


e_x rhA Yn]eU n S Y `HU p[B n e> phY

px}Un= [eU cU Y ]beU |w nehH pfheU pHnfeU |w }T|= infdU }hQ nbU nfU yehU ()
nbdU cex > }x}U in_Y L hhinfdU Y e@
ng= oJneU
nT }nY nH R w

.ncU }B R () S deU p_@}Y


191

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

g>nxnL g>nLnI r=
g_xnZY }x}eU @ |w Y nR dL kw
x}> hH R pY {L Y Yn]eU n _x p}`eU

pY gi S}_> phnQQ pLne@ U gdx> hY{_eU hdwnU }R


nf^A {S nfU Y U phY n_U n^fUn= pd Y neL Y > ne=

nY{fL ngng@ >


{S px}U gU phA xnZeU Y }hcU
}fx w neU |w R g@i nY }Q ngg@ R nQ`U }h?
} R p[hB }Y
nQ`U @ R nZU hU

U x
!}cU yUn[eU

eL ngchca> nQ`U }wnK }nY dL e_U cx |gU


n x}
hT w}JnY w nY nQ`U w eR }U
gfU x}J R n Ynw

}wn^U |w cai

|ImdT f`dT :mP_T

S L }_Y
n d][Y iT U _x nQ`U yd][eU nfY{H }Y
n \x w pLneU |w nA
nfU {A
|U QhfYkeU }hY L }Y

.>jhH neT g_Y Yn_U phahT d@


cZ=

nc> U L}x
oh>}> }hQ dL _ex nfU n= w nQ`U

.px
}ZU

hA }U :nQ`U :}h? = nS
pdadU }h_H ?
}h]dU x

pdU [U :nQ`U Y cx x }ZU U hL}eU


nfU Y

.()gAnh g]`U }cU

. }? rx{U ox}Q R pxngfU ()


192

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

paU |w
o= U px}ZU n_eeU Y eY ngfY dx S
LU pUnA q_a> ned cR gad > gdg@ gi{e>
eeU nf= pRnb?

eeU R
.c_Un= c_U kw S

T c^T e< g[w T kgR gU w nQ`U = [ x nY w

()Q
hfYkeU }hY nS neT g> S T icw
}]U ecY |w
hKU neHU hd=nS nfdS neT icx H gdg@ oR {U
x
}Q yUn[eU Yn]eU n Y w}hQ pY {L S Y
pd=nbeU n\eU phHnhU xnZeU R n UnQ n inhA nQ`U hK>
ga neT gR nhU [S U }B hehU [S U |Bkx nR
X cgdw Kmh S
m= :QdL
.()xw S

}gdT maQ mP_T

SU
nh\U |w }U
eL w nehR ecx kw {U U

xbU ~heU wnbR R YnT i ghR ZaeU gU pUnA }Y


Y

|U
_h]U
Y }[eU
b_U w ~heU dU \x }hcaU ^fx

gU pUnA L n Ini cx nY n UnQ a_ ~heU |w nbR


phY

hdL >ne[= }hH |w eL I w |RnfU }h[U ~heU {bax Y


:phUnU n? B Y U {x

A= }x
U |gT n [I }h>
b> H U w ~}`U

neY
}T {ax nY chH ~}`U T}>
|U ni AU {w b_U
.d[x

. pQU sgi ()
. pQU sgi ()
193

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

gH S chH
pfaU @ Y pUg= Snfx nQ`UnR pfadU
:QdL
nS neT ni dL }Y Z> nY n UnQ ng>nx{= R aU
pfaU R kw bx |U ()pfh |< pfH pcR `T

Y .{fU afx rhA Y{fx n bA wj]B aZcx S nwS icx


R nhi @ R b> cU ngU ] B
qaS U w paU |w qinT nfw

ocR mP_T :QngU nY L rx{U R phA L{U T


.()mgh

dL n_eU }hx gR nw}n`[U n e^_Y


Y n^_= n fhgY }i
!n fTnH hR }>
}hcU @adU gx
f cU nggR> Y Yw
x g>}n? n? {S gi gfL bi rhA U Y [A nY |w
jx ngdTjR nfU _U pdi Y q_S }e> pA
nf> g=n {A
U cU ngAn Y
dL n= {= Y{S A p?nU |w dL n_xH ex
= nB
hdU =n[U = dU {L w dY @ y=

.()gx }x U i H ZU p_Y gU |> a@ gU }x

hU nY S R TnI {_= pRcU w Y n _e@ ni{@ |cw


Y cA L nUl= Ujx g= hdL cH U|= Q
gJnB p=n[U {A Y nT neR !}A pUnA R p=n= p_= S
nS
.()!P dU H = dS {S n=|U S L fiUj> :
. pQU sgi ()
cU |w }x {`U nfU = {`= zxn> x H]U zhZU UnY ()
pxbU {_U dYn_U }`ZedU hYngdU pe oSnfY R h^fU {U :}^i Qn}U nY L
. dU Hx = dL zhZdU
. R pe pR}_Y R pe`U ZT :}^i ()
. R pe pR}_Y R pe`U ZT :}^i ()
194

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

ff?X mP_T |mX

ng_Y Yn_i nQ`U }wnK @i hT

}IneU SU yh[U Y hdR nQ`U }wnK @i ni nfi {bL


U g_R{hH = n _ai {x
U |gR ginhdQ nA R nehH

ngg@ R
hd U neLn= cx pg@eU R i dH nei nSneU nc>
:hhUnU

Q|]T
T
:

gbx}a> U _U nf= {hR _e@ gLne@ kUn=


gT}A
{R _e@ lR }\eU
gLne@ R p_afeU gbx}a> R

H {S QhfYkeU }hY L gUneL U R}[i S}a>


w~}Q
zR TmR ^`h R|`=
|
^d? w{T v :nS nQ`U L
T fdT m ?|w :maQ fR|Q o^`eX mdQ fKmd? |[X
meQ|K

mT
eX T meT
me< T me T ?|S f< meT `egQ fefX

.()}X T

pY{bY cx U nw}]B }hT n\Y


{HnaY
U kw ne@

cx
dbL }hca> }aU odx |U _eU b_Un= ex nY cZU
|U w ngaU pdgU ne@ :}B pedc= Td=
pUnA cZx
U @}U }h[= }hQ Y nbfx gfY {AU _x ne= nQ`U
nex nQ`U
U
H R R{fx ni .ZeU b_U w

n_R n inhA
w U {_= ai x }x[= qeS
i U = hd>
~hT}U {bax ni !>nHneY Un_R Y o_U
na dB pUnA R
. pQU sgi ()
195

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

L{U qinT nfw Y nQ`U o p_e_eU H R }hcaU dL {bU


o[U pUnA R P fU
{ dL ecx hT}ZeU U phi}bU
dhU = _eU b_U }h?j> q> n\U
ai Y gfY {A T
_R }H w w P fU
U
w

? }B I Y
= n@ nehR Yjx
S heU
: U n_ > n
.[ :jH]
{T T :m ghm>

b_Un= ngfh[> nw{hI}> dL e_U pY R LU pUnA r=


ex
} q[d b> p@|U
pUnA qa B LU pAnY q_> ned T i d_U
ghR LU YncY n? kg= }aiU _i w nfhUkY gU
d= pY nf= phL> U {gx ehd_> =}>
sYni}= R }i

nfdS neT ~heU hdL Zx ~heU dex Y gx{U xbU ~heU


:dx nehR i nY |w ni ngcdex hT }h[U w neR }h[U w

mvmZX |gZT

dL ng= h_i U U Y pde= ni


i nf= Rn]U dU fY Y
UnR nYd_eU n_eUn= ~U
ni{nbY d= nfA n\S

hZU R ]> {S n\L |w {h= ni pY{U nH pR}_edU


cU }h[U b_U w {nbU ngT}x
{nS nwbx nY U p@n= qincR
lR }cU pYn]U d> e_Un= n[> {S U nY ngi Y n \x }h[U

x_U cex nB ngf cU I niU nB dR U qd]_>


S ni phini b
> ngilR }h[U nB b_U nB nY ngfL
n
[ :sU] : U n_ >
196

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

o@x oLneU R }eU Sx }h[U {bR


|RnfU >}h[= ninR |U

.|U

:pxn_Y U nbR x pxn_Y dL B oUnJ = = hbL cx


R =n[> cf cU :pw{U dL hbL =n@jR Tn[= R =n[> ci
.()!T}n[=
|gZT zZX v mX

}e= p=n Y dU
Y >}h[= ax niU hT cU

e_U

R w L{> i> |Rni }h[U ni Y R nH


.>}]R na R =
Y hZB R ai Y S{

S Un_> dU nx R }={U
w :{h_[U |w dL U ]U
n
}caU

: U n_ >
R .[ :sU]
dG X |gZT mdhkQ :QhfYkeU }hY L rx{U
|Z<iQ |]h |b`Q
[T mfdT Q oK|ZT gQ ne w m z? cG > |^Tm< `h

}[x |U w }h[U ninR .().._T `h cK g^w .m_dT Q

ai
|Z<
X meT }[= :QdL
x ngS}x

nY L =hL L db
.()<h K cR <gK
R }]eU ()
px R x{bU bY U hbeU }[U }^Y R
T
}= h= fx{U phS = n_eU :}^i nL = dU {L Y }@ p?nU |w }B
. }ZY~dU nB [i
.bU f_e= nfw pL}[U yU x}]U :{U . pQU sgi ()
. LeU cU hL ()
197

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

n_U dL Un_> dU phHnH p T


b_Un= |B w :phinU ]U
fY od]i b_U y[fi p]x}I }h[U eL Y ni ax b_UnR
zaQ .mZ< X oewm^dTmS ow|T pgT :QhfYkeU }hY _R ZeU

_w
.()ZeG X a^T
mfcv g^T {b=

pYnbH dL = |B {Lnx }B {[Y pe?


lR b_U U pRnn=
x}cU }bU n@ nfw Y AU px{g= pin_H w nwnai }h[U
S nfdU }n[= ex ij=
: U n_ > n
|g= QHY ng= r_= U U qa |cw [ :ph?nU]
S :U
: U n_ > n
.[ :[bU]

|gZT zmaT

YU p px dex d_> |Rni }h[= {nbU d x {=



hedeU nhbU yd[x nUnR
phHnhU phLne@ nxn\bU
wkhU
n hRnT hU d_UnR pwnbaU d_U dY U A wY gikI
baU d_U U pRnn= dex {=
= pY nhS SeU ZU
_= {U ph}_H }wn^eUn= nZU ngx }`>
R |U |Rni }h[=
>n_ai hL~U } cf L{x nhbU pYnL~U L{>
U nh[ZU

P :}T fU
jI R Un_ > nS ecA dbL LnI L ZR =

a ` _ ^ ] \[ Z Y X W VU T S R Q
ai {bx
j= P fU
}Yj> pTneU pxnR [ :Hx]b
pYU L}ZY
TdH B Y gU yx R{w nfdU hx
phRnaI c=

. pQU sgi ()

198

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

.UvY Un= UnL }Y Y }h[= dL i

pb? UA Y nfU ]_hH ilR }Y Y }h[= dL {nbU cx nY{fL


.n_[U R L}ZY L d x ncfU {fL iedx R >nhb= =
W :Un_ > US AR =n U {e>
}aeU Y {nbU }h[=
U nx}U Y {x{_U }T {S .[ :Hx][ Z Y X
oUnJ = = dL
w [ Z :Ub= [beU px |w }ha> R
}= {[eU w Qn hdL
nY {[eUn= }haU Y |w Q
Q >}h[= hdx n Y~L |Rni }h[= dex nT P fU > eU

nw{}x nw{}i |w
}eL fH |fY x{U }nA qinT [fY rAn= T
}h[U |w qinT |cw n YH bU nT P fU > nY{fL U
\R nZU pdA}Y R x{U }nA
.px}e_U dA}Y }nH L

{QmeT |gZT n@m QcK


mX

{S w Qn hdL
`fx |cw dY nI cU
nY rhA
hdS Hi j= j= R cx
nai dL U {> U QaSY _= }T R

R }nA qinT U >}h[=


:g@ U phxnU n]eU
n]eU
T

L jx {A
phYH pUnH}Un= inex Q>}h[= nai d= {bU :
pfh_Y pege= ad T P fU dH nY [ZU }h[Y
{fL geU

} L nY{fL }gU hR P dU H H dx
hdL P fU

:mR !cT h
:=@ nT }aU dL qheU }cR
mw mev gd< c=
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.^h
R
. H]dU UnY ()
199

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

L jx ew
nT nY n edK n fL {_= bdhH
i P fU
}B x

nei ied^x x|U nI L d^U |w


Q :P dU H
jH
.()ew X oXG Q :P nbR ew X oXG

Y px}eU }_U Y }hcUn= {fx d_@ U w >}h[= :m ghm>


{bR bA L Qn[S P fU
nR {Q nbd> |U }_U ngB
nS U
I U dU nY :
n@}U hdL n nL nhaH = ngYx n@
@
hB ghdL ngiY
mX cTQ mg`G m< mw ? :QdL

nfR !
.()cv G zgb= pT mX a= md< cT zw|=

Y pY
{A q^aA H qeA U w >}h[= qinT |cw :m Tm>
b= pUn]eU @ Y >nbhU hU

ex R nY{fL U ~eU
{g>
U }JneU R nI {LnR x}B Y n h=nx U {_= nT =
Y }U
nhcU
md Q :bx rhA
}A R }@ neT Y}= YH

p w @ z w p b X i Q h ^ wm w Q c K m
g h eK
e T m
o ^ ?
K p ^ ? z R m
e T
pg
Y Q P z d X w X T K z w G
G

] K c K < o g Z d T b = m Xz v m dc > gQ c v
| Z h T
Q X
} w md S mS mX mf e X
} w R mw m

X v md h T b w

|T
Im
T
@ z@ c = Q p [ f e Q m

Y a w md S
v
.()e f e = w
zT i d I

n[S x
@> U pehU pfeU phbhbU nHjeU
nY{fL w pY
pedT gU e> {x{U pehcU b_U }n[U n

. d=U pe`U ZT ()
. {haedU nI ()
. pQU sgi ()
200

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

L T}x x|U nQ`U pAnU U {bx


=nbeU R gx}= |Bkx
w nU |w R }\Y
}T ox ph[L g@ eL L = }h[=

n_I dex oUn`U R gi d= {I


x {U dL w} neT pY

w paU |w Y qinT phbhbU =}Q QdL


nin_Y .fxnfL x{U
wneH Y
.()hcfeU ngUn=

ogZYT
=

|w }h[U rx{A
nfL w U|= pd[U
h? }Y dL nf= ]x
phfx
ph=}> deU ni ph=}> dL >nI nxn R {hTj> H
{h_= piY ph[I
x}aU }R L {_U T
fY _> pnB
phSB

{w w phafU

}bH deU R dU }caU paJn_U R

ni R fL fQ n HnH ex U hU YH x}ZU d ]x HnH

n hai n hdbL nxH nInR dL H pegY R ni


neU ~L U phgU pinY eA ne_U dwkeU w
nHUn= nfLU HnU _x}ZU
R}U n@ nfw Y ngdeA L

nx}U qY{H {S ng]U [U }Y R deU ni }_> U


:pU{U p`UnU }h=n_U |w }= Y nHU |w pRnceU padY }h=n_>
:pHHU }h?j> q> [U U nL dL }[x
|U niU bU
U|= _h]> qU Un_> dU Y }b> U [dU >nLl= i

}T n

=
S nf H = d U { L L rx{U aR n]hZU h]> qi nei

L @ w :q d S [U
U n= d Y
b R Sn
= n

@ Qd U { L
hT
:d U { L
] h ZU
!n
h
g
T aK
\ w v
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:U q d b R ! m\ g YT

bf< a@ K |`ew {v eX vm? fX TmK ? |fJ ZR mX :nS i Q fL {bR ()


. LeU cU hL c@}cdU }wU {_Y :}^i be< cIm< T Kzw {v
201

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

\ g YT
b R
a w hkQ v H X g=i w { T { v c G :n
.()m
d K X T
:QUS R pS {= _Y Yj>
ilR ! m\ g YT
g
T aK
\ w v
nYL Sn_dU :bU {x}x QijT }Y
]fx T

nT U Un=
lR n b A n]hZdU nbfx nHU Y H}x >nYL Y
R ni ~L w n]hZU nxnQ hb> U \a> nHU |w
hdeU nI _= R U Ai neT =
nL L n]eU pxngi
hb? n L {`> [U rhA HUn=
ngS }S ned T bdbx
Skx


}> U n]eU pxngi R \ax ne= }nx gUn=
pHHUn= deU }_I

.n]hZU {x}x nY |w n_U


x}ZU }A w nw}n^i px}U |w fe\>
|U pU }T ~`eU
{b>
deU ni p[=
xnfL YH
pxU U nL phafU

{U phafU pdcZeU e_x


|U nhAnR n_U }Y R JnhA dL A
{_i ni{x}x Un_> dU lR hR Q}Y d]Y }hQ nhA w ni
U phdb_U [U Y pUnA R i
~w pUnA R {_i afU

B = }bx {S n hai {b_Y n ini {=n_U deU _x ne= ph[ZU

()
nY |w }Y |w phew
ngbaU _= L {S fU {A
U U

. RncU ()
nf? nghdL }g^x nA H Y in_> }Y R L}ZU }U L H {bR dU eA fheU {hU w ()
}`eU x }[_U }g^U >[U {_H Un= ~U {fL `Zf> ngi rh= [U U
U w
~> w L}ZU hdU [fY hR nZ_U }`eU >[U {_>
? !h}aU x|w Y {_= f>

U > ngdnL ng@ nhA _@ nY n _ai U {x U nJ ng@ @ nZ_U R pcegfY


ngUB ~fx U pxn_U pdgeU }eU |w ]_> `fx :}U peA}U hdL =@ nT n]x h@
ce> U nY = nT }aU |w B newni Y qfce> lR [U U \x}R H ni
aU bi ph}eU pUnU |w Y nghR Rn_> U p^dU U ngfL n ]SnH L}ZU hdcU }_hR U Y
}_U i =nT R nhehA H pA pdxJ fU U hYeU cY n\L {A nw}hR|=
phRnbU pxnZeU ng_J H {Hn=) pdY ng>}Zi dU eA fheU nY nhA L nx}T }JB
.( x{U }I dL :pe@}> w zxn= }h= R phi}x phYH pxgeU naH R
202

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

R ng>nY{bY [Un= hdcU bH dL f>


px}@ R J U _R
`ZfY ngAn _> U phHnU phUn_U }gbU

HU nA _=

rU Y ng]Un= >nL Un= ng>nL [Un= S ^_Y R


Y T n]x h@ U ngU x = h]heU dw nhA >nhA =}x ne=

..x{U
pUnA
}> ni U ]U U q\R hbU |w Y ph}Y

{LbU Y {x{_U R YjeU pbhbU


ncU Y nbeU phL}ZU

ngi Zcx H deU ni {U ZU


nA sUn_> U pfU

hS Y U ph[ZU > ax |U oinU od `> w phdhg> {LS

:nwR pHnfU ng]U R ZU


{fL n _@}Y {_>
U ng]U {LnS
nY T
ngJ
phdU {LnS Hni d_> A >ngJ R Zx
hU nghdL bx pY}U d_> U Y}A R Zx nY phd=
phnbU

x |U n_U e_U p[= cUn= \b> U }aU {LnS


R Z
: {LnS fY }aU {_=
_= pnU {LnbU w ZU }hcU I

U {LbU Y U }hQ U UjeU L p@nU ZU


HU nA
R nghU nfS}]>
.()}B Y

{LbU [fU d> Y Ine> phfx{U ph=}Un= }aeU lR nfw Y


ph}eU
pUnU |w Y pHHUn= deU nZi dL e_R naU

nhA R {ZeU
dH U d U B Y x{U pdcZeU Sna>

\R n_U ZU nhA {b_x |U


pUn= dY w eL
.pnB ph}Y

.nw{_= nY wU pbhbU h= {b_Y hwnaY nT @ ()


203

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

feT ogcdK Q mYT


}\U
= d]\x {=
Y
|U {U dL nbeU |w R ]i

pSnaU nY_U Y _U
gfU }hh`U phdeL
R nZU

w rAnU keU nw{}x U


U p@nfU px}hh`U
nT}U T

eA R p=nZU }nf_U dL {e_> ~> {eL {S Un_U zxn> }hQ

}eU
w nZUnR ZfeU ng>nxnQ U U ph`= }hh`U p\gfU px

R nfadH neT nZU lR y U R oU .dU HnH

dex p?Y n A phUnL pew


p?dY
}hQ phbi }]R dex eU
.{A =nbY |dU n hUnL {_H

ni{@U P dU H {x dL U H pS]i R nfdYj>


nfi U
ngU eA R hJ}feU p_hdJ phYH L{U ~hT inT nZU
nZU nT dL nS nei H :bUn= Uni nfU ngdhH R ph\U
U U phYH p=}U L nR{U R nU g>nh\> wg@
nfU o]b> = ngbx}J Z>
nw}x w}hQ hT}ZedU } x U
aSR .padeU nI}adU fU |@nT nghU g=|> nZU nehH
? nx Y @}B P fU
nw=nA ngg@ R hT}ZeU fL
{hUU nhcU L ai L nR{dU }]nR
pfx{eU R hdL nQ e@nw

204

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

gfx P ghi
L nR{U R n \x deU nZU }= nfw d ex |U
.gai

R pehU nh\U qU|= U YH


nfxn> R ph=nZU nefU

H L nR{U hH
cex {@
}hT = }hZU x eA fL |U
nfhacx p=n[U @}> zxnU ocU p_@}Y i {U pUg= nghdL }_U

nR{U H pxneA R QoUnJ = = d_U


{U }T|>

nx}U
P
\A nZU n_x R w QdL
nYU nT {bU dU H L
R n=
LnZU nT phYH L{U ng= }Y
n]eU T

U phd[aeU
}R hacx n_eU I R H n[i R HnU {U g_eU
P fU nS {fU x }Yn_U
= }eL pUnfeU }B neU i p_R ~L

.()c S |YT T c S mdw |< :gZeU edT U R

}U nhA }> |U }heL = o_[Y w n =nI n h=n ni}T H {S


}@nw P }T fU
}ZeU R }i gdU
px q> YH

U }hQ U x{U R ggbax x}cU }bU ngdw d _hU feU


pfx{eU U

phYH pT}U pS]i R n xnx q_U U nU ph=nZU neH Y


phi}bU nefU _= U n b=nH ni}I {S .P }T fU
nhb= U

U ph=nZU
nxnf? R hRhH [_U }Y
dL nZU hdU {S cZ>
.}B nei ph> na[U
QhU nY p\gi R nZU = nS |U {U fi nf_x

:@}x _eH nY{fL ]U


x h= nS |U }T dL
{U gH dL

{aU ~fT }hY{dU hU nhA {x{U = = pQU sgi }I ()


. c@}cdU
205

feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT

:}T dL
dL nfU

nbR m^T ?|X gT {T c< :QnS U


.()hbY ei Uni nfilR
..nZU A

pL{U U fT}> R }hh`U px eU chU d]> pY


U bR hU _d]> = }n`[Un= d`Zf> ~x}`U {fU ed>
eedU e> eeU Y}= SU }hh`> U = cai
R cS}`x chR }? kx dnaY R naU }ZH wU hR
|U
H R n\hU >ne[= }x hR }? kx Y i icU deL = UA
.>na zxnU

. {haedU nI ()
206

~XmT dT

ogeT }w|_T mYT


XG ZT
Q }w|_T :

ocw|T of?X XG w|YT :m ghm>


ogeT }w|_T mYT :m Tm>

eT {YT :m ^<

g^T T gdgT cX nT
}T @ ocG :m XmA

207

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

~x}`UnR pHnU
pegeU
nLeU Y w phfU
~x}`U Y

h@ p YnL nfU nhA dL }hcU nw}h?j> bU


nw\A ngU ax neT

pbx}]= ph\bU |w p=nbY nfhdL x nY |w .[U @ dL nZU


nT}= pUjeU pJnA h_U phe_U ]fY L {h_= piY pUkY
p=nbY Y {=
R n _ai {x {_x U InR dH |gR .n`U }H Y
.pfU
pA}[= pUjeU
ncU R U phL}ZU [fU ng=nS neT pYn>
phfU ~x}`Un= pbd _eU pegeU
nbfU _= nfU eU |w ni{L {S

:nbi eB w
:T o\aeT
px}U dL phfU
~x}`U Y pH dL nghR ]i

.nhU |w R ahK ni pegY


{> U pYn_U phYH

:oghmT o\aeT
h^fU YH x}ZU _ |U nJ U nghR }]i
.hS = ngS]i ng>ai fY phfU
~x}`U pT}A

dU L rx{dU ng[[i
:oTmT o\aeT
pdcZeU ph_SU phL}ZU

~x}`U nhdQ
.nZU {fL phfU

hfU {fL fU |ZU pdcZY L nghR rx{U {x :o^<|T o\aeT


YH SeU }H
L ng@L phahT }wn^U |w nH L rfR
209

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

pS_U |w R R {ZeU
.nZU phfU

dY ~U oU A pLfY pdH dL nghR ohi :oXmT o\aeT


.h_U U hehU

R a]U bA nT R qS}]>
{S i U x}cU nbU }^i qaU
.@}hdR ngfY H SY phfU ph=}U Y U H

210

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

XG ZT
Q }w|_T

yh cZ= egR nffcex phfU ~x}`U Y Y H SY


|w R ahK ni dB padR n_U YH [U
R

L rx{U kU >jx ~x}`U Y }]x n]fU |w aR .nhU


L }U L U~L cex I w ni {@ w ~}Q {U
hini S
> ni ~he>
{_
U pdSn_U bU

=mX fT w|bT

nhbdU {L w phi}bU px}dU n bR ni dB padR n hRnB hU


nhU neL Y pRU hf_> ne= dL dU pRB {=
ni x}c> qL{H U w pRU |w .n xnY
n hA
n i}eL nhi{U

S nSdeU }nH dL dh\a>


c b a ` _ : U n_ > n

nml kjihgfed
:{L }wn^Y R d > nfU dU x}c> }wn^Y .[ :}H]o

h]U Y nfbdx dR A Y p ai nfA _= Un_> dU nfY}T


{bR
n x~Y nfd_@ = oR
n A nfh= {@ R z a i }U neU Y n T}Y
y x w v u*s r q p o :U n_ > dU nS A Y
211

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

{ :Un_> Ub= n hdY YjfU


.[ :]} | { z

nfw gR }U zai dL n L}aY pcedU n =n]B n@ U } |


!U Un= pceU }Yk> Y ^L niU x}c>

y[hU
A g= phw e@ R nfbdB nY{fL Un_> dU nfY}T


S nT neY
. - , + : U n_ > n
{= e@ ncYn= hU :bU
.[ :hU] 0 /
H nffh= Y H nY{fL nfY}T
L nfhU dehU Rnhi

S ninhA w n hh n R{w n hHnH n ifL e> U neU
: U n_ > n
:nai]
inS
lR hdL niU nhA L w Rnhi L{R [
.ngU pehS phQ pR}Y ngilR ni nhA {g> L x}Z>

nwneL pegY
nfad T R nadB nfd_@ nY{fL Un_> dU nfY}T

S }hU peA}U oUn=
: U n_ > n

.[ :w]

|T I zT

oT {S ni nT
dU Y}cx
Y lR bUnB Y x}cU |w T
}T
U p@n= bx
nei Un_> inH dU x}cUn= {A hdL ex
.fx S}L iU L }^fU }[= n ini nLn= ni

ne= niU w x}cUnR ngchca> ng~> cex |w ni pY}T


e_U R qinT ni pY}T .{U }U Y U jx nT w
U {e>
pY}cU ngi {h= Un_> dU Y pai w U A}= [ >
212

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

{Q i Y d]f> {U pY}T :}B n_= }U heS i {U


UnUn= dU Y pai w U phYnU phini }U d> fcH n fJ
ni }A Y {U }A }U pY}T Y w {U |w pY}T lR
A = hcfU heU }R
{U dL {L Y H fY U|U
.U }U pSnaY eU {_=

zT a@

= nex he@ I w ini {U pY}T L rx{U ox


_i phgU nxn]_U _f U e? e@ Y w {U {b_i nfi H
S [> {_
:hw}=], + * ) ( ' : U n_ > n
> dU
:w ini {U x}c> L ogeU rx{U |w Y Y}i nY {h= [

x}ZU SbA n]L {U }A } dL {hTjU :


I n SbA {U yfY {S YH
U x{hU U h_U Y n\L cU
U bU |w }= Y ..()}aU nd U }[U eU
U hd@}U
S Y A hdL {_x hU nx R bA :{U }A c_>
U dx neT hR }[hU
{@ dex nf Y ninR ai {U oAn

hdL = nfU _= _ax neT Une@ Zx


n\L Y \L ]bx jT
Sni Rn^f= gx
= ax }edU yex R {@ pY= new
.neU ox
he@ dUnR Une@ >n\i

~}Q pT}A B Y U ni x}> R {U {hbx


} :m ghm>
L {_x {dU yex R T|eU gU
x}cU b= >nhgZY

c> nY I pUkY }hQ pbx}]= }x


}U nbL Y qdafx b_U

.Q x{=n_U x nYU bU pUnH p_@}Y cex bU |w A ()


213

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

nB ngegai cex {U pY}T ng>~x}Q {i Y nihU Yn_=


.pYn_=
pY}cU n]i
phini

!mh zg=|ImX

hei
cex nY }JnY U hfU }\U
Y lR |w R
phdeL

U bL nT ijT q= {@ U dx> f_e= ni {h>


hgeU ynaU `H |w .ec> h S U B hR
}hB gU nw}hQ L nH R i {@ nehH
ni {U
.|w {hU pUnA `d= nY dL hU
~eU SU |w U nfd |U oU L ai nY{fL i {bL
nHneY }Y
}=nL n> R ec> pdcZeU Zci R
}]hH R w pdcZeU .pwZY
px pJnB pRnb? R ec> ngi = pJnB
phT}Un= qd B pRnb? w afU b_U dL phTgH pxneU
pRnbU

U w nfhR L hdL dU ni}]R |U Un= qL> phini


ohd`> eU pRnbU |w R R
.}U neU phnf?
dL nbU
A zY hini xZ> ni hd> dL eL
}U dL neU
h]U U hU pfehgeU pRnbU B Y ni {dB |cw
\R cx U |U gU
x}cU Y U ex a>}x =

.pceU Y

zT oeh

pg@Y R pA}[= ngUbi


ni gex |U x~eU
SU |w T

n x=}> n hRnb? e_i d]eU :{= }@nx


ni dL {TkfU
214

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

ni ~}`U nf_U J hU
n = {@ hU i nT }T
dL ni Y Yn_i nY{fL .}U e=
ex {@ {U Y in_>

Y phini U }_>
|U ngY |gU @ bx dR nH |w
}eU {@ Y Yn_x |U =ngU hB}U n> Y eU |w B
.}B p_dH px Y Yn_x neT
nfinex nfhdL hdex neU n bJ phfx{U
hbUn= ~U L }^fU nfR} nfi U ?

{= ni{eL dL nadB nfiT Un_> dUn=


phini hbU ngfL
|w lR `fx neL `fx nY ~hhe> JnU Y U hZ> R nh_eT
nfUbL iki nY{fL {U iki nei {U iki nfhdL }a> hbU
.nfRnb?

..aU
L ph=}U pRnbU R e_U nfhdL }a> pRnbU pfi

Y}T aA ni }A pRnb= } Zi phini hbU ~_i


@ Y
nfeU sx}U p_dH nwnLn= ngex{b= }eU phini U n x U nw{fL

}Q
Y{x nY{fL nfUnaJ hL R }U U n x U padeU
!p[hB

}\U
eR phYL
nx}U
{hbi
neY

Z= {x}i

nfY{S
}>
cU
}A

aU n> ed_> neT px}U


L cx
cx n =nL hU n Rnw n YL cx nfYL {x}i nfi pdx}U }Zi
.()n hSH n YL hU n hUnH

{bU }U p_Yn@ R qhbU }nY L nL R w {U Y A {b>


nY :p^AY ()
Y nhT ni fL e> {i R nhU bA Y ph_e@ Y L{= R (nfU ) hdcU
.L Y ni ni :{b> neL
{S L
i L {fU d> R q=}L

n L ngifL cx \R
215

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

m h pgT }w|_T

pT}A nhd > Y nwnLn= ~x}`U n {`x nfY{S nY R


nbU ~aeU
w }hB pSnJ w nei n i qhU H ]fY R {U

L deU {_x = oh_x nY ngLnI ngcx}> R hU ini


fU

|U @}U .>nQ bx Un_> dU }x nehR ~x}`U }A


dU nL
hR ni |U qSU R dU {fL U }@ U|= U ilR @ ~x}Q Zx
.ng@ ~x}Q Z> U }edU nU |cw pdd eU |d U

p=nH phL}ZY
dL hR {T |U qSU R YH
}ZeU
cU
|w

U|= n aInT ~}`U Y nw}hQ R nU w neT phfU


~x}`U nd ]eU

ph_S
L
i {h= padeU >nd]Y ni n@nhA qL ~heY
ph_x}Z>

~x}`U ngH dL ~}`dU pbhbU


fY n T
ne=
p fh_Y
]H phfU

q`J }_H
nT J L @}B i> >{bR nin= qec>
L{U R}x Y h^f> w ~x}`U eU YnI h^f> Y {=

cx j> {S ng T R}x fhL qSU R ngU nf_U Jl= pxnfeU
|U _SU L}ZU nJ w ~U
R Y fex ~x}`U pT}A ^fx

hS = ngS]i
}A x}c> }g^Y ai qSU R cZx
.phUnU }baU R h> x H nY |w i nT }T niU

216

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

ocw|T of?X XG w|YT


ni~U
eh^fU
nJ |w R
ni~dU
JnbU H x}> n@ ex}cU

w
U ph@~U pS_U nH dL f> i }T h= phf@ pd T
nB {bL nge^fx

h= ~L h@ ~Y
nR}]U nT H negfh= pS_U ^fx
lR ex}cU eh^fU nL oin@ U .~L }B n @~Y
new{A
w : {A pde= nwn[B cex }hT nH U ni~dU
H x}>
SB
Yn= n Y

ex i = oR ni pY}cU n ingY ex ni~U

Y {x{_U qT {S pdx}U }i nadU n [B n _>}Y {_x


eedU
|w Y nL cZ= eeU }H }aU dL ni~U
} L nH{U
Zh_x nY n UnQ kw hhL}I
}hQ nil= ox

nY }hT i n\eU
ni{wnI nf xnL {S .}i pex}dU n [B n _>}Y gd_> p_ n R}K
{_U hbhbU wn= gfL d x x|U hhL}ZU
}hQ Y }hT nei

|g= pSL pYnS dL Y{S gi w phUkeU e=


gY~dx nY @
.}=nL phf@ ~fU n LnI }eU
B Y x U Un_> dU cU
}ZY {w w ~x}`U
}J
n x}H n x}R }bH e\x |U {U ~U ng>{eL
pe^fY
S xnL o@= b> f\> R}_> }H e a]U hgx
n

217

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

c b a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y : U n_ >
.[ :}U]m l k j i h gf e d

R X m`T X gQ mdT mh}T


| @
:Qn}U nY L rx{U R
T H mX qwdT mQ m`IT og<|T |= mh mv ~`eT
.() m`T ? X

dH w ni~U
_= { >

L gf U R n _x{= n =dH nx}U


U
nafH
ni~U
ofx U i U phAY ni {U SB

_R B nceU >nRnfeU =nf@ hd_R }`U p_x}ZU hUn_U >nRnfeU


h mX :Q dL nY
.()R gP

YH x}ZU lR phLne@
phbdU
{HnaeU |w ni~dU
nT rhA

S fL gfU ex}> R }hcfU {I


` _ ^ ]\ [ Z : U n_ > n

L }[Y nedc= }L
pTneU px |w [ :}H]b a
nY ni }={> U }Y pTn> nginh= R [a>
n\Y ni~U nY
ni~U
_R L f> U px Ax Y~U }Y Y n\eU |w Y aZcx {S
x}cU }bU {eL Q= dH |w .fY }S L qgi = oR
{h_[U dL }hT
nghdL o> }x U eU w eU Y {x{_U R

nR
..n=}U
T }eU }I hS Y n[S Lne@ SB
:ngB pfU
ncU Y naY phYH {LnS pe? lR e_U dL
yR n hI oA
dL n? hdL I
YnY = T
Un_> dU

\R g@ R |RfU T
aS ne=}R w}T }Y `= >nY{bY
L

. hbaU }\x Y Q n}U nB hL }ZU dL ()


. pQU sgi ()
218

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

px R ni~U
Y }S L gfU }H
nfU y\x nfw Y .hU px keU =
gR [ Z :US pU R YjR oR R}S }Y
hU pTneU
deU dL }ax |U }Y [ Z :nS nei i~> :bx U
nY |w hdL {LneU @ ni~U
A ofx

U px keU nY{beU
.h}= nL h]_>
ocw|T {QmeX zG

|RnfeU {H
{g= YH x}ZU nw|> U }@ _= |w
pdx}U n\A U hfU R U ngR kx U = Q
pS_U R negLS
:pY}eU phfU

phf@ }eUn= dU fY w {h_[U |w dL }@


R new nfU hL L {h_= ~_fY ncY R n_ex x|dU }eU @}U
L rx{U R nY
afU x> ~x}`U ` Y nhi }_Y
mdfTm> mS |Xm< ? cw
:nS dH U hdL dU d fU

()R
()
.
qhU w Y pe L n \x }Y
e\eU |w m\gYT

}>
dR }Yn= qhdB lR ai Y ? ni :nZU _= Ubx {S
.n \x bU |w Y nfU _= qUnS ne=!
ph[_eU R S U >~x}Q

fU >n_x}Z> R L}x H w cU |w dL U {h=


}T nY i dL .phnfH pnU
px}aU ndU }Zx

}ZU
SU cU
|U {H
H |U U |cx
afUn= pbUn= L~eU

.{h_[U |w dL

|Y}U fH ()
hbaU }\x Y :}^i m\gYT mdfTm> mS pg< Q mgcA |dT ?|T : Q n[U nY L ()
.
219

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

px gZ= }B fU U }^fU x}> w :inU }@


~hR
ai dL }]hU ni {bax {S nY w ~x}`U }x
igZU }^fU
:SI {eA }LnZU nS pdx}U ngY U ng=

R
pYn=nR
}^i

nbdR
{LeR cR

p]x}I n Y}Y hU n@}U U nfU } ^ i U|T nfU U n@}U } ^ i


px~}Q phigI pUnA Y d]fx (ni U ni } ^ i) n x}= }^i cx
S
V UT S R Q P O N : U n_ > n
d c b a `*^ ] \ [ Z YX W
lR P :US R YjfU
[ :fU]..f e

fU U }^fU ~hT}> {L }]U }T f_e= w = e`U f_x `U

.phigI pUnA Y d]fx |U }B

padeU pfx~U ngK }U


nf@ U }eU L w :rUnU }@
S ~}`U }heU }B fU n^i
:fU]FED : U n_ > n

ox}S
.[ :~A]M L K J I :n \x nS [

_aU bUn= n hf@ @}U nH L n_= U pfYkeU }eU L fY


S px}Y pbx}]= fhhd> cU hS}R bU nY
< ; : : U n_ > n

}eU S hS eR _aU nY [ :~A]A @ ? > =


n _Y cx nw{@ dL I n@}U }\Y R pdxneeU nghZY
S n^i od@ n?U
: U n_ > n

.[ :fU]

{L Y hfU h= pRn[eU pYeU fY w =}U }@


220

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

p]= @
}edU @}U pRn[Y x}= gZeU aUnR U yh> phL}I

{S haU Y ni}T nY U Y}x n x}A }@ {_


> cex fL phf@
n]fU R phfU n?U }eU @}U hg
> U @ Y n]eU
.= eY }hQ ~x}`U }>
hR cx |U

221

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

ogeT
}w|_T mYT

lR nZU U }^fUn=
oc> phfU
~x}`U ph\S
ngi n= phew

}\U
Y nT nfw Y ngYn^i nZU nhA }bH dL }hT }h?j>

.rUn= pnB
pxnfL nwx

}w|_T oS|^X Q mYT d

U dU dB oA
Y :qdS [dU n inY n `UnY T {S
phUnL pew
hdH odb= Un_> dU dL S }e_U bY R n =nI Un_> dU
Y nx}`eUn= n JnY iT Y Q}Un=
i {Z>
~}Q }h> U oin@ T

R {e[x ilR }U U x~
> U }heU nHU L hwni pdx}U

Y S Un_> dU oA
~gfx Un= nY
^x
afU ng@ pT}_Y

>}B hx Un_> dU n dL }hQ w w } ?k x x{U I T


.}hQ nhi{= nhi{=

}hL n _ }Y hU ~x}`U pT}_Y R nZU e {bL i


B Y }T ~x}`U {fU nZU Y _U dhx
{S neU n RB
~x}`U ` SJ dL n bhS hU cU |gR x{U b_U [U
nT }heUn= deU Y~U |w R nehH
nZU {fL ngAe@
222

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

}]aU pYH fx{U


{@U }he\U {h= }cfx n h }Y

~x}`U dL {Lnx ne= h[I


R U Y pUnA nx R pdhaT x{U

.ngUnbL Y ng>ai x
hS = }x
e_x R =}U fx{U n]U >jx nfw

L {h_= phA
p^bx phi{@ pUnA R nZU nb= R wnx ne=

eU R fL rx{U {b>
[U
pL {eU pfw}U ohUnH
neY

x~eU

.rUnU

fx> nZU {d@ dH L {_x fx{U


n]Un= }aeU Y

ohL i w phfU
>~x}Q j= n_I ng> aS R d_@

ngijZ= {x
\R nw}Y R }cax
pdcZY ngij= U nx L
hdL

\R |gR ngcx ng_ebx ngfY d x hdL


Y yh }hQ i L
nZU {U dx {S n \x px=}U phAnfU Y yh }hQ phfx{U phAnfU
qcU Y pUnA R _S> ehUn_> x{U Y qd adU _R{> ne= phdH _R
.phafU
{b_U _= x{U dx {S fU

phahT P dU H Y d _i x{U Hn= hedceU i ni}A nY


nZU {I}x fL px}eU >nedT _= R }i rhA nZU pJnY
c=
pY
n infA n A
hax c= gU n fhY ~x}`U dL }]hU phew U ]U
:aw obdT z<m^T mYTm< vmw Tm^= cT
:P bx gU Un_> dU
.()c? X =fH |= !zK T |]h

. ne_U ~fT :}^i ()


223

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

}w|_T mgcP ocbYdT og^RT


cT

L w~L w hU nZU ^_Y @> phbhbA


pd\_Y pe?
cU

}Y }[bx fU
\fU }R R }H xc> ~U dL {S

Y fH eB = \Y
R }hBjU [x = dU H
dL
dL

R c> ~x}`U Y x {bL (hfH }ZL) {bL U nhA ^_Y

pdcZeU |w pUn_eU Y U
w nY :kU ngiR ng=ngU

@ nZU qcx R hU U

b]feU
>~x}Q }Y nT
Y

\R |w nw{he> phfU
SnJ h]_> nH ne_Hn=
{S i L

hH cx
A hU ilR n L}ZY
= pdcZeU pUn_Y R n x{Y n hdeL

Y {_x
.phafU px{U }Y Y {x{_dU n [B
qcU
fU

ngLnI ng U _U ~x}`dU nf_U J n \x _h]U


Y

bY
A hU pY}Y
=
w
qinT U nHU }]U Z=

. {hb_> nw{x~x pdcZeU Snax {S x}]U |w

}hQ dA nA}Sn= {bx


fcex h]H h_S c= H
ngfY phLne@
px{U phafU TnZeU pUn_eU phdeL
ph_S

R acx H i {bL ilR oU |gU ~x}`U nhdQ pdcZY


nfH [U U d Un= ~x}`U ni naJ U nZU L{= neU |w
beX m\G X mYT |Y^X mw :x}ZU fU
rx{U R n@ nY U

mT
[U ()m? T hkQ ZTm< gc^Q \w T X }gcQ

i }R h@> U Y}x nei x}ZU rx{U pdcZedU n hRnT n @L {_


x
YnL phR}K
dQ Y haU dL n S kY {LnY
pdhH nLn= [U

. RncU R n@ nY i nU yh ()
224

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

nLn= U {bx f cU n[L dL ng]` ~x}`U


n @L n he A
.fhL qSU R phL}I
phdeL
dA }S Y {=
|gU pdcZedU n x|@

YH
x}ZU Y n Yni }T SU U }S dU {bL

|w hf[> cex ngbh]> R _U U p@n= qhU }RY {nbY


:hLi U dU

ow{T
cT : eT

pdcZedU phi{hY phedL


pH{= nhbU {_= {> px|U dU

U U {_= n[hU ngR}K ng=nH dL }_dU


(~U H
pdcZY)
}Bj>

R }aU dL }_fR
nw{x{> nhUkeU x> B Y ngUn_Y

{h_[U |w dL phi{eU >nHkY eeU dL _U R pdcZeU


neU |w R ng>~g@ pU{U nhUkY w nY {i

n[x ph[U
pUnU R }\U
Y cx pH{U |g= nhbU {_=

:e_> pdYnI p]B U pH{U d> dL

Y .ngUgH ngi}Y ~U phdeL


nY _U ieU R dL :

w gH }[U pbx}J R {x{U nf>nhA ei w ieU |w w

ni{d S nf_> |U ph=}`U nhU ei nfhdL }R {bR .nU Y ni~Q ei


R w ph_S }hQ n@nA n \x nfhdL }R pgR}Y nhA R }i
.ngU } nhUneT }Y
oUn`U

nehR ~U H}Y _= nbU R{> U p^wnU hUncU L hwni |w


nghR UneU n_]U {Y geU `= [ x nehR }_U }[e= [ x
}hT xn[Y |= U n> U phL}ZU {UeU nf`U aA
225

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

.ngnL e=
nZU Y }hcU fx

}gU nZU Y }hcU pUnY :nbeU R nw}T cex U _U Y


nhUkY Y ghdL U > }x neU @~U
abU U }ceU B{U Y

}B x}J Y ]bfeU {b_U B Y ng U _hR g>~x}Q nY

}hH ni _> U nghU nZeU pxneU pRnbU }h?j> Y d T |w


@~U
abU U cUB :nZU kgU bi nfi }=n_U |d U gZU

B cZx

T}h`T i |U Y cU U B w = U U
S hU ic> nY A ni f= Y
] \ [ Z Y : U n_ > n

i h gf e d c b a ` _ ^
}={>
nZU ngx _eH .[ :}U]m l k j
P }T fU S R n hdY
nS ]U pY
|Y^X mw :
c= cJnx w

= n R~@ d cx P w }gcQ (~U) mT beX m\G X mYT


.AU {[Y d_U {_Y L n T i

nZU h[U U \R Y |w nZdU e_U }R hYj> :m ghm>


lR ~dU {_x
n h= }ZhU
nZU dL {[i
{R }H nf=

U f x H ngUB Y x}T eL p}R U Y ki w ai {@


.>nd]Y >n@nA hYj>
{LneU lR bU |w U nggh@> nai }U
nhdeL {hI}> :m Tm>
}[bx }U
neL }hU @ \R Y w gRnaL ~_U sx~> dL
p@nA Y c> {S U peaU nhfhU {@neU nf= dL |U
dU {fL \R w pahaL }H nfU }[x |U neU hbx dL nfi pdY

.hU pHnY p@nA {Y nfU R} Y Un_>


226

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

lR phSB hbU Y nw}hQ nhU pehS }Zi pa _U pRnb? he_> :m ^<


dL
nY bx ngAne@ yT ~}Q dL ni {Lne= haT U
o= Qbx ()=fH gcK phmv `h
gcK p X | S X :Q
R }af> U nedcU |w neR ()R gP h mX :- fL nY
ng>nRnfeU }U }> dL U B Y > px}]aU hbU ni
ddU
.U
]U =

= {H
U pRnbU |w {h=
dL eUn= e_U Y ng}Q k>

hH U U nf_]H nY pnaU px~}`U n? pfaU


naU nH lR
o@ Y chR }hT nZU ~}Q n? dL e_> U nR
SnL T
|w naS {H
dL e_x phSB phAnfU Y eeU pRn^i dL x}A
.ni phini pheU }HU p=}eU
eeU }adU }Y{eU |RfU

oR jdT cT :hmT eT

} L ?{A
p]B
jhU nTn= nZU _= n[x {S
_Y
A {x}x i pdcZeU pUn_eU pdYnI
dcZeU
rhA ph[ZU

Y ]U Y ngi U n^i fcex ~x}`U hdL `\>


Y cx |gU |haf> U _x }Y |g= gx
Y {@ |w |hafU
dL {Ln> pd_Y ph~@
pdcZeU A
dA R }hcaU }\U

:{h_[U |w dL A}S nffcex nY


|w c> cex ~U nbai ph]`U }hY
}S }hR> :
.n_U neU Y }bU

. pQU sgi ()
. ai {[eU ()
227

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

n@ n]L :m ghm>
Y Y hU |w R nain= ye> phL}I

eU) L}ZU dU deU


phL}ZU @U
}[U Y }= {A _U
.deU nZU naL dL }[U
w (nT~U

{S :m Tm>
YnL qS keU {b_U nHj= pdA}eU |w R nZU |B cZx

hcU YH
}ZeU
{b_i nfi .~x}`U dQ Y haU R {LnY

ph]U snfU {w Y pde@ hb> {[S ilR qS keU ~U n= nY{fL

U qS kY T
U ~x}`U d Y x}J hH }hR> ngew
Y
pdA}Y w qS keU ~U nT ne=
{U ~U H ZdU }R>
.{U ~dU px{hge>

pR jdT }T

oHnfeU Y
H
}=nL pUJ ]bfeU {b_U Y dL J
Y n HnfY ngfY ncU dB
cx {S {haY nw U naSU _= nghR
cZ= eU |w qUnf> U pU]eU
ocU p_@}Y fcex ~H

:dx nY w nfw hdL ~hT}U fegx


nY dh[a>

\aedT za^T ogK|H :

{S }ZY {bL ni}^f= w (p_eU/qSkeU ~U) ]bfeU {b_U


()
RqhU w Y pe ne@ ()pfU
ncU f=
hL}ZY q?

p_eU phdA
:bU fcex .}hQ nL =nT p=n[U nT _= gbR
geUn> hedeU na> Y w phd pAn= dL ngiT nghL}ZY
.[ :nfU ? > = < ; : Un_> US U ()
ocU R T|eUR h= w Y pe P fU L U padeU rxnA B Y U ()
.rU nxnf? R rxnA |w _= }T|i {S phx{U
228

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

fU
zi >
{S i hedeU Y x}R L nei

Y x}U { phdU
|w nL nY dL nfbhd_> Y~U Y n A edeU ngHnY {_= n bA P
x}U zfU nY i}cf> q=n? phL}ZeU phdU
w x}aU

Y {x{_U hdL {x
U|U {gZx {_U bhY
= bhY
q=n? }hQ gR
nY b> U }Rn\eU pU {wZU
phL}ZeU nb= R ZdU
:{wZU |w w
Y nw}eH
eL hedeU }eH
= }eL pahdU {gL A {b_U |g= |B dL
:nS dU {L = }=n@ U nfHl= h R dY {bR n]U
nf T
A }c= = P dU H {gL dL nx hS{U }eU Y p\bUn= ei
.()rx}A = }eL jI R }eL ningi

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() T
pe X Q m e T | d T :m

gR }hT Z> nedeU }h`= ~U n> n cx `fx


R _hJ }Y |w nfUn= d c> nhA Y }hT R
B |w K
.nhU ei {nb_U hbU neU R hR}]U h= }hcU

dL xnbdU n@~U {_>


}hcaU
{e= e_U nL R {U

{x~eU pHf_U pUnA Y haU R gx {_ UnR fY hfceeU U


bY {_x U {_U
Y }hT R
w}hQ ne=

nedeU nfU {U

U
hU {_U
fL i }cfi nf_x i phYH n_eeU

. RncU ()
241

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

bY cx {S pdcZedU UneU
_d ]x >dU nfU Y }hcU {U

cx
nfhdL {h= }B }Y hR ngTnZ> gfY
{A cU

L J_U L {h_= phLY ph_S pH ngi@ he@ Y pUjeU


nfH dL deU ngahH ph=}`U phi{eU ]= BjeU SU `
phi{eU n\U oT L n_= d Un= nfeg x {S |U >nhU
ng]ei

}ZeU ng= d]i nei {_U


}cR n@~U {_>

{e= nfxni nA R
nx }wnK :nh]_eU |w w
Y >nh]_Y SU nbA Y YH

}T T|U }_> Y nehH


fU R nfU {L

T|U {L dL }ZU
|U b]feU
kU lR |U nw}hQ }U phi eU U nfU Y

Y T

dL ai }]x
b]feU U
w nY :Y}= ini ne@n= }cax
wL{i pdx}U n\A R ghY}i
i_U nfU {L {x~> pdcZeU

ph_S qhU y w neT dU |w !fU qcU ow}dU

w oi U
cx {S B x{U ~hY R pUbY phb]fY
nffcU {_U
nfilR pxnfL pS{= n H{Y {_U
cx phew
R

dL {Tki
U ph@~U nhU nR U kx U {x}i a> neahT hdL Zi

pedeU }eU {bL }B }H {w nA dL }H nf= {x}i fR


nw}hQ
{S U phLne@ nJ`\U L {h_= ph_S= }Y R }cR
Y ngAn[x {S nY Y pe pHfL R ng>nhA h_> h= qi nghdL ne>
R B{> h= }Y oLnY
inU nhU U heH ngilR n?
{L nf^A {S dU Y cx U pfceeU nhU \R i
nwnY R bU gai }x >dU nedeU nfU Y = j=
ne=
inU ~U }cR dbx
|B `H px}R _bx }i
.nheU ~= }L nY w }hQ fcU T
gSbA _= L hd>

242

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

eT {YT
nZU {U phfU ph\bU L rx{U ni nffcex

{S i nehH fU
|ZU ph\S
w pHnA
pUjY dL ]i

eU A pdH Y }hcU padY nS R nZU _= Y f>


}eUn= }eU pSL (d U) @}Un= @}U pSL fL hR}_eU x {_=
dU :g\_= nS ne= x}U hU L jx jH Y peR
(nU)

.nU
}x
U }bU R d U }A
nei Un_>
}L ne= pS_U |w x}> R }U
L jx jH Y nfw

ni R >nY{bY
{@ {S }Y Un_> dU }x
hT ij= x}U dL _U
ngAn Y pSdY w nei pxnhB qhU nZU heU nLn=

{_= n Yx {x~> U neU |w R }]> U pdH Y U }hQ U


n=n@l= n> pdH |w L oh@ qfT {S .nZU hU {U nehH
x
n_U |g= d= eY
nZU _= qd=nS {S phwnaI n=n@l= }B phT

{fL nY bx >nin_Y L {x
dcZY L y[ax dL }U dY

w rU |w phLnfS sU Z= U L hf? n]eU {S qUnA


.p=@ d> pdh[A
243

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

ocbYdT Rm`=

cZx
nA }Y dL n }\U
Y {@ {= n=

B{Y
w nghew nh= ngfL eU pUjeU nf> R fY }aY
n hgfY
pUn_Y U n> ph
} Y pUnA nY i gR ph\bU |w h= [ x
}Y ga>
_Y hcU
nfhdL ph_hJ pxnL }wnK nY nfi

nU } Y pUjeU }B dL }[x
n wn> nfw ax

heU }_x UncI


nf= }ax nhL _hJ hY w deU
{L ngK = }L Y {=
= pdcZY n }Y nLn= _Y Yn_U
dL b> pnB
phadB
Y d]fx SeU |w yU Y .T
phRnb?

nI R bA > L }h_U R x}A nin= [ x nehR pfh_Y px


}hcU {hZ> >
nH px
w U dx neT ~}Q
}`U = R }BkY
.ngU n[i ngfL nR{dU bU ~T}Y Y

S w nY x> U phY}U px}U |w Y n x}w@ n RB di nff cU


Y |w Y R JnU U
~hY }i .nghdL pbReU nf_x

{=
nY cx `fx nY R = S nT w nY R {x

}]aU U {gZ> ]feU {xkx


hdU b_U = cx nY o= U bx
nfU h= }ZfeU p_SU Y }T neR deU
}hQ {@U pehbeU

.}i pdx}U }R d@ JnU xn[Y y Y w

pUnU pdcZeU @= }L nfhdL lR =nbeU R


{L ph}eU

pe?
ax .ngUn_eU nH B{eU w U nwnci ngdwn>
nf U Y p x}I
nfhdL lR UnUn= U |g= dY }T nw}R S
.x {_= n Yx SnaUn= |B pdcZeU |w @ wni nY}U R nfH R{i
244

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

ngew
pdcZeU Sna> dL {LneU Y_U Y {x{_U nfw Ax

pheUnL
{S n hf@ xnZU }R Y ngn\L ^_Y pe^fY
nLne@ @

nLneU |w q>n= {S ZU bA L nR{U pegY


ngb>nL dL |B

..phYL nHU I }L e_> w Qn\U =d U = }_x nY cZ>


heU nI |@ dL hU Lne@
U nH |T

dL `\dU _> = oR gai L L dL g_hZ> phdeU


nehH
{U Y {x{_U R x}ZU }bU ~T}Y phHnhU ~A
|w R{> |cw .nfU Y w}h`T ~U R gb= }LU ngfY ph=}`U
iinS
S= }S n> n= pxnL{U L nH pRnc= pfh_Y nLneU

pxneU }ZU pRnT {U pR}_eU phiinbU neU {U d> hR `d> {x{@


hfU h= nbU ~U w L}ZU
~U dL f>
U ph_U

~U
dL f>
phL}ZY
{x{@ }ba= {> bR (}eUn= @}U )

fUn= h a deU :p?? ~U nf {`U {AU fU B


}]Zfx }hB |w fU R hd ?neeU }eU Y @}U fL
[A nY |w @}U Y @}U }eU Y }eU :heS U
_R
.U|= ph=}`U {U _= hiS }S
rhA
S Y A ng= nR}L Y }hcU ~i nLneU |w qLn]H {S

R }B h> dL _U e_x ghU hhheU x{U n@ _=


.n _JnS n \R }Y |gU n \R ~x |U YH
n\aU

ogdT X o`R

[x }B }Y dL hfUn= n Y~dY i{@ pdcZeU dL n |w {_=


pheU {H U _U _x rhA ^adU ngah> pS_U |w phe=
245

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

{A f@ Y h[I h= penbU phfU pS_U Y fU |gU p_nZU


nL dL phdeU
pS_U w {x{@ phe= |ZU phe> w

.gnbi gU }hbUn= A> kgU pi nwnxnf? R e> |ZU pedT

{b_i {x{U nheU {H J Y inei nf T i


hU |ZU yd][Y nehH
n hI SU Y }h`x
nd][eU }hh`>
{e_x U pUnU |w hU YH
fU
R {eU yd][eU w

.nU
baU R n \x
d U :nd][Y nfgbR R }_eU nei YH

nei nilT e_U |w nex |U Y pdcZY nfx{U qhU e_U R nfi neT
}JnY Y pHneeU |w R }i neU ai e_dU HneY Y w pdcZeU
eeU }R Y w}hQ dL = oR nI kw dL hU I
.}aT = [I
hR n_i nfilR }RncU R Ubi nY }h^i |w n \x

phRnb? phadB
Y d]fx nY{fL nd][eU }hh`> {bL ilR U Y

Y ngfhA {=
ngx ngU pfh_Y
R nHneeU hbU Y R pnU

{S i {h@ {fL S U
B{Y cZx
phfY {x{@ hb= }hZU UB Y }x
nehR _> px}U |w Y n S]i w .YU ngx ngU }B pRnb? dL
ybY }hQ _hJ
eL i }x[> ai e_U jJ Y hadU hR i

fdR
|gU .x}BU nfY}A Y hdL pbReU nffcex nY |w {Y

pUnU nH {LnbU |I pUnA w phdeU


pS_UnR ngneHj= nhI

nS_U R pxU
U pUnU w ni T|U h= pS_U w phfU

cZ= nghU w{w nghdL ni dU }]R


nSdeU }nH }]R neT nbd>

.}B fU U heU fL n \x U dL pdHnfeU

246

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

mG Q

{U ~x R }wn^U |w pfYncU nH L rx{U R nY

[ > ngi phai


nR}i L }h_> w pdcZeU w U A n enS
h_Y iY}w \L d=

nI _= }x hA R
}wn^U |gU ed_U
}haU dL {Tkx

pa]fU nb_i }R R x= Y [A ? fh@ dB U pUjeU {h_x


}T a]U |w d x U nY phfhfU pdA}eU R a]U Y [A
Y }hcU R nU w neT n Yne> f@ U heU ex w i nT
phed_U
_= lR =nbeU R .nw}hQ qinT ph}Y ph?U nU

fxcU
oinUn= pd e_U R pUjeU T af> ~> pS?eU

\x ai
YnL U ng_@}> nei iY}w d=
ng]= b> ?U

pxnhB pQ}U |w ~_x


()e_U |w U dhY ni nhB

nT H ZU ngZh_x U @ }^U Y }hcU nghdL {Lnx


.}T }` R U

oX|T cK gTzT Q

R LnR Y U neU pxn`dU gY


SeU nh=
}wn^U |w Y L}ZU

Y phL}ZU pU nh= neT .ngni nwn? Y haU }wn^U }nY


nchcZU _= R nHU _= R wnx H pfU
ncU
.cU |w n> U

. n T{dU ]U fU nT pUjeU R pA}]eU A HdU }^i ()


247

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

c T oX|@ gT

nY |gR hcZdU pd=nS phYH p_x}ZU R d U pY}A {bL


U S ph\b=
[ x nY nehH

phi}bU nx Y {x{_U hdL q[i


U dU i
wngi {S ._aU |w Hnex inT gi gfL }L x|U

R e_U |w R }eH nA R i Y w|A


U L Q
wn> gi{L dL Un_> dU Y |L gh[x
phSB {U cU
:QU ghi nU L n hTnA g= {fY Un_> nS .phL}ZU =\U
S R Q PO N M L K J I * G F E D
.[ :}_ZU]T
.n i{L >}L ai e_Un= {i
nei pTneU nx AeU
TdU
}i dL w nei gUnJ U phgU p=b_U ngfY }wn^U

eL i}x inT nY neU |w R g>{hbL L }^fU }[= ai

U S L q?{>
U phi}bU nx Y {x = n Y}Y n L}ZY
neA }hU Un_> dU U U {fx e_U |gU phL}I
}x inT gi

dU dL gUb>
g_x}Z> wnbL dL w gUnJ U p=b_U c>
.e_U |g= hdeU Y nI _= w>
neT Un_>
oa@mdT oX|@ gT

cehR (nU) gai nfU h= nU fU |ZU nY

:dx ne= Y}A dL {x


S :

@ ? > = < ;*9 8 7 6 : U n_ > n

:fYkeU]L K J I H GF *D C B A
pS_U dL qU pTneU px ox}b= U [
pL}ZeU phfU

248

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

pS_U fY U {L nY nY
hehU dY ~U new :hbx}J {Aj= }[f>
K J I H G F {L gR {AU fU B phfU

h[> `fx }Y w phL}ZU {U n> w {_U L


jI R px j= }L y[x
R nhU |w R .fL }aU

.pYnL
ngfY naeU {LnbU U n@}U
nY p_hI pfH hedeU }J Y px}eU
}hcU nx}U R :m ghm>

:hR U cZ= (nU ) T|eU pHneeU pY}A dL {Tkx


L pfU
mh meT g< mT
:nS i P fU
x}J eR

.()feg<
:(){@ }hT neU |w R nx}UnR p_hZU }J Y nY

}eU rx{U R neT yx} cZ= U pY}A dL qU ng\_R


z@
:nS {A
nY >d U Y >d U L H {S Qn[U nY L
.()mh}T

nx}U _= qY}A {bR pxU x}]= U dL qU ng\_=


U nehR nU w hcR nhU Y h>}Y {A nU R n>}Y nf>
L U }eU }^i qY}A

{S }B nx neT !fU pUnA pUjeU {_>


T |dT |]e= fh :P dU H L wnfeU rx{A aR ng>}h^i
()
gZ= nT nehH
}eU L U }eU }^i nT lR |dT K
()

. ne_U ~fT ()
nx }ZL dL {x~x nY {bR dYn_U }dU p_hZU nH @}x ()
.U dL {>
. RncU ()
.}eU ncfU = Y nU p_hZU nH :}^i ()
. hbaU }\x Y :}^i ()
249

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

!T|eU pHneeU n> hcR n Y}Y


px

px}U aR x}cU }bU R dU Y}A


e_U |w dL qU ng\_=
L gfY }Y UjR i Qn[U nY dL B i ph[U

R U @
~L
mvz@
:nbR nU
} T nY :}eU qUnbR .mh}T z@
dU
.()|T m v c< :nbR }bU

Y {L R x}cU }bU R w}T S w }U


n

gHneY w U oH :b> px}U gU


|_U ngdeI U phneU

.ndU

x}ZU ai d U pY}A Y e_U |w pY}A na> {S :m Tm>


dU }]R U p_h]U L n fh= n @}B ex nLn= d U }A
nei YH
h= ~U pf H w neU |w R phgU pfU L n R}i nghdL nfU
ni T|U
Un_> UedU n `Y cx }]aU |w L }i cR
.gai ni h= gai }T|U h= nT H
nedL {fL U n> Y (nU)
T|eU e_U pY}A qinT nfw Y
.phfx{U }\U Y ngi :bU cex rh= gYnL hedeU

{ YT w|= o`cQ

`fx i {bL fi {h= hdL nQ n>


pY}U dL hU{U Y
|w padR hi
nfhdL nei pY}U hU }T|= }wn^U |w pg@Y R aci

L L ng\R}x deU ni ngfhU pS_U |gU R}U L}ZU


cU

.cU |w @ R n> U ngZU


nfinY R }T {S i nehH pLnfS

. RncU ()
250

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

|w Y n[U {ZeU SeU |w |> nY H nB


}hQ
ng\R R n YnA nT nY (nU
d U) ngx{_= nZU pHneeU
Y |w {Z>
}ZeU
d]fx U phbL
phb]fY nL
R YH

.phL phZL ph@~Y


nbd]fY Y px}ZU |w Y nbi d]fY

d_Y w neT ph_x}ZU YncA b_U {hH


w = SnL hcA }ZeUnR

nH dL f> ncA nbd_Y R pfYncU {HnaeU yUn[edU p_=n>


fU pd[Y L {S i hbx dL nfilR |U pnU }Q w
hhHnH xnL U }hZi nffcex fY fY e_U |w }A
nY{fL ini
:pY}Un= cU padR nh= R neU |w R
{HnaeU n\eU Y }hcU hR}_eU x{_= nZU _aU |w R :
|w R oT {S ph[U
ne= phA}U
phSB
phafU
phLne@

}hcU }Zi ocU Y {x{_U e_U |w n\Y nh= R fL neU


.fL rx{U R ngH pikY ninaT nY [U
w S Y nH{U Y

pecU i dL T|eU n\eU }]> } U nfw nI Y

b> = }Y R q
}Y }]x f_e= pd _U
x x}dU eY @T
{ p_=nY Y ph\bU
nfh>jx }eY
]>
pUnA R d_U {x{@ cU

.{x{= x T

nSdeU he@ cx (phgU pfH ) n hgU n iinS pe?


ax :m ghm>
~R ph@~U
e\x |U w ni Y T|U
inS w pdHnfeU phU

b> U phini }]aU Y fx |U {eU w }ZU


fU }eH

H nx~Y w
Y .c_Un= i U hex }T|U nH dL
fU
}]aU Y fx gR phfxcU
Y wne> f> ph_x}ZU YncA

.ngh`dx
251

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

bx @
{LnbU B dL }> pfh_Y
nfH phfxc> {LnS cU
Y }ZeU
{x {S nfH |w .h_Y

dB L jZf> pnB nH
U nfH x
{LnbU gf> A neUn= ngU yex pd[eU

}wn^U Y Ine> n_U inbU Y ngai hc>


U nwL{x nei {Y
w nxn hcU
S
|w {HnaY hY =_ Q }Y |w pYn_U
.|ZU x}Z> {HnaY Y }hc=

wmYT |
YT cJ v

ph_U
Y hcU
U x nZU L d^U Y hU :nbx ne=
ph_h]U

hY {x gi Y }B fU Y ~U

w pYn_U {LnbU

nhB R hU }Y dL ni pSn_Y d^U Y hU ? U R pQ


|w i U i }T|U U }T|U hY fL gf@ U w kw hY
H}Q }Y Y ghwne> g=n> dL S n_ x hcR g_Y {U }Y
ghR dU

dex w bdB nY{fL }Y


h>}Y
edK {S x nZU :bR qI
hY
gfY o d J nY{fL }B }Y
gbUnB
nfU }nH B dL nI
}B
= U fxc>
dK peR
ng_Y nhi ghdL n Y}Y
gUhY c x

._x}Z>

:T cK T

kgU (Un_> UnU S Y) n hfxc> n edK pe? dL Ri nfi :


:U R @U
dB L pIni ngi dT
HnA cZ= qx nY pe?
heU
hU phdeU

252

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

nhBn= nZU hR S }i pUnA Y d]fx ngfY }hcU = fxc> fh@


U nH {S nI Y }hT .hdL f@
{L B Y hR S

f@
w phi hU _U }i
g> YnT gd@j= e_U |w
ne=

phUkeU b> nfw !phfU nS_U ncI T


p=}>
I
U _R

L }i nB i ai ni >nL dL
x}ZU B
}]aU B
h_Y
heU Y }B _U neT
nL phi U|= d= {S phdeU

U dhex jR pUa]U H
{L [A U neT
R w ghdL f@

pUnU |w R .U dL nhL phi pR}feU nS_U Y fU |w

phL}ZU {U n= ai
hUkY
ex
nei }i |w lR

ni

n h hU }i pb>= R dB |U a]U |w dL {L


cx dL }@ Un_> dU phZY nehH
Un_> dU U }Y ofx
{=
R nfU R _ eR hibU fU {eU n YcY Un_U |w
I [A ..dS R U ox
R U
}hQ bH Y }>
{=
.hibU UnB hU phUkeU ex
Y w {_eUnR U Y

dB L p>ni S
dL ng\_= ngi nfed H U phdeU
heU

S Y ZdU n edK e> ngi :bU nfU f x nA


dL cU fh@

}@ {S Un_> dU :U R @U U fY dL nbU nLn= UnU


R }InY cZ= inH B{x
peTnU hibU nH dL cU |w
neU _= x{_>
nT hibU .U|= dL U A pn]U phfxcU

nY{beU
nH R d > [x U |w cU d U {L ng>~hY Y

R }i U kx nY j]B phi [x {S T|eU d U ieU


pdA}Y R RnZT nfU fx {S j]U |w .}wn^U cx |U inbU nY
neT nRx d_U {b>
phi ni h]x ne=
nU |w R }cY
253

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

x}x{bU
dL .RnZT nfU f x {S ph?U }Y Y }hcU R>

n^fU |w UnB nLn= hU ofx nT }IneU d L w hU Un_> dUnR


.}wK fhib= icU

_x}Z>
dK
heU fY :m ghm>
hR hU gUhY Y nhi Y phdeU

:U gU (}ZeU
S Y)

}]hU dL kw {S nai }bU nU {A


dx heU |w
ilR ni {U heU |w @ Q}R .g> dL
dL nS ^x
dL _h]U
heU ni {bx neT n Yne> w Y }i {L ai

}B fUn= }eU
fU
n> ~x}`U ` q> bU
{L

}i
pSL pYnS U x
U U nehR U

neT }B oU _Y phL}I
|U }i
heU oAn) ZU |gU
dL Y{S (_h]U
nfilR ni~U

nghdL od `U nffcex {S nZU heU nehH


|ZU pHneY dL Y{S
.nw}hQ phA}U phafU n@_U B Y nin_Y pbZe= U

phLfU pd[eU >n_x}Z> R L}x nfdS neT hcU }ZeU

pd[eU {S
hfU h= ~U {Y }S R w phLfU
{S niU

phafU
n\eU Y }hcU nghdL o> }x i neR phdeU
nS_U nY
ph[U

fY n }A nw}^A ng_fe= n YnL


n ecA { {bR |U nfdS neT phLne@

w}]\hH eY
U ph ow U A fU pd[Y dL
nI _=
._h]U
U Y hcU
U T|eU }^U

= x
}Y |w -
Ai nfi = H YH }ZeU

nQ}dU ex gfY hh_U


A hL}ZeU
pRnT neU |w R

_= }> }^U A dY R ngai L }_>


nZU
254

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

T|U Y x}nbU Y phfU pHneeU U hY x{U cx {S nfU


nA Y ngU Y pSL pYnS hY x{U n \x _U ni
g>nhgZY Hnex g>nQ }g^x kgU hibU pRnT ye>
pfUn= px hY w heU d> j= g>nL geL~Y U `[x
.ghU

f? me? ..^T G

:nhUkeU Y hxY nfw lR pg@eU _U H nh= R


>nL dL b> nhUkY e_U |g= deU }aU >nL dL b> nhUkY
ngU eeU
e nhUkeU |w h=

H pUkeU p[eU
:phUnU nbfU
mT m\T :

qhU nfxnQ x nZU n]B R {@ dH {h@ {i nfhdL


S gdS ge@ w
n hA wnhA w nfxnQ nei n xf_Y
n xnY


nU dH .}i oUnY |ZU ?}= Y wnbi n xf_Y
gd_x nfhU neH dL kw dS yax cex |U w oeU

gR }Y |g= dY nT Y pdcZeU nfU nfYT bU


{_H dL
pdeU
>nQ pnU hHnA U `[x nY {b= pU ]feU `[x

]i nfi {bL |gU .de_U L}I


n]Q }Y
L ax nx

f_x gaU
g>nin_Y {bi
kw gai

d]eU :nfdS nY
.gde_U phL}I gh]_i U gU }i

255

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

fT |Qm[= :m ghm>

|ZU pUje= pd[ eU ph[


U n> }\U
Y

[U
U|= hU
\_U _U afU _Un= ngfY [ x nY H fU
phedL
dA nx
oU }_Zx x|U nfU Y paU |w nin_eU phdeL

nx R {LneU .}B fU U gf@ U px~x}Q he= }B


nghdL hZU ng= pxnf_U `fx U neL \R Y w kgU dA
_i n hf@ x nZU }i
fU |ZU x{ i acx i

g>nin_Y Y d U dL gfh_i nf Y d]eU gdTnZeU dA nx


w Y {Z>
U phSB px=}U yn[fU gU {b
f U ghdL yafi
g>{wnY gU hi
afU }Q nY nU gfe>
nY
Un=
hR eL w ngR}i nw|I R ~x}`U Y nhi {L afU |gU
xnhY {A w }Y pbhbA R |w = Un_> dU {fL x~@ }@ }hT ?
.x}ZU fU
rx{U }L

neT }T ngU w U afU {wnY


ZdT
GjdT
d^T :m Tm>

{L phLne@ px=}U phYH nHkeU


@>
{L {bL i

_=nhU n hfx hY~deU }h`U }Y }> nfU Y pdhdbU paU |g= ngxnfL
U L{i |gU nf>n_eY R pdcZeU Sna> Y {x~x H kw pdcZY
n x=}>
n hA
gfh[> dL e_> kw nYj= f_> nHkY

nZi

n Yne> nY }= U gx{xj= |B hH R edL


cZ= gLn {>

nY TnZY pUn_e= f_> nHkY


nZi dL n \x e_U nfhdL neT
.TnZeU Y nw}hQ {eU dL
nZU n_U phLne@ TnZeU pUn_Y lR }^fU |w R
256

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

Z= n_x gU }Rn\> }\U Y f_> pR}feU


}U
|w }nY hH R phYL
px=}U
phLne@
phafU
phfx{U

nY{beU
Y dL ngg@e= U nw}h?j> Y {U
nZU n_U

..hdL {Ln> }iU p[U ph hg>


U @
<
mvmKm< og[aT
T |]eT :m ^<

}_x nY n]i R e_U |w {i fx{U n]U dH R nf= {x

} Y Z= {_U dx nY{fL nB nY f_x = =n=


UA e= = {x = SU }YU YH f_x U lR i
}U w U d U U Y nHU Z= pdcZeU dL od `dU _U
Un_> dU j= }L f_x = {L R ahf[> neT .n[B
^_Y L keU w ni n b=nH ni}T {bR U|U }IneU LnaU w
pUjeU pbhbA afx `dx U cU }Bv= cZ= |ZU nA
hhgU
{bU n\bU R pdB U cR
}x{bU n\bU } R b>

ilR nH p]H= }InY cZ= = d_ax ne= {_U dx neT Un_> dU


n hgU
= nwnLn= }wn^U |w }ha> .ai dL {_U hfx ne= hdx {S
:f_x

jhU nA Y f= eU Y Yn_x {_U dL


b UB Y }x U nB w nei fY n hgU n Ynbi nLn= U U }^fx

i w ph_S
pbhbA U qadx hdL .inex } nB h[I

Y nfw lR (f@ nf= Y pS_U U heU) = |w e= d = {S nT


= d = neY
ng\_= cx {S = Y }B i ncIj= dx
{I
R dx Y gfY UnY R dx Y gfY
R dx Y nfU eR
257

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

f_= pdcZeU |w Y nfdYn_> = ncI Y U U nY {U


Un_> dU U @dU
nf_R{x nfai dL ng>jJ Y a hH |gR =
ngi

.ngfY d U dL ni{LnhU

ne= n}U pLnfbU i R{hH = n]i R pUjeU neT


H
p=d]Y pdh\R |w niU Un_> dU eS
ngi nghew

R }U
dU dL }L nA za=
deU ZU bx

U pdcZeU pUn_Y dH
deU } j= hbx dL i .pJnU }]U
ZU L\B {L Un= nY
afU w Y Snhi {L U |g=

i Un_> dU hH R ng@
dU dL T>
i
w = p]heU }Q
inhT }LnZY c=
hdL yai
Y phA}U
{wneU R n nB
n =dH {e_Y

U igx
[hH ilR o ] U
x|U U
Y U fx~x
nbR L n_=
eL
d x U Un_> dU ox .dcZeU {h_H pe>nB U Un_> dU _=
S _U {LneUn= {ehH
: U n_ > n
= {x{U fY n UnJ U dB hU @>

.[ :cf_U]y x w v ut s r q p
? ogf= :m XmA

nY U pRnn= = |g= deU ZU gx }\U


Y

ilR gnbi nS{ nhBn= hdL TU


Un_> dUn= pin_H Y {b>

n hf@ x nZU Y nS{ nT jeU |w Y }U U f x U

B{Y {A w {_> U
pbR qinT .n hA n hSB h]feU
nH }ZU w pbR}U |w L d U lR SB
naU }i

c=
nx = {x nfw Y .}i pb>= Y }U R ni nfU
aR x}hB
pbR pUn ph= ngU{H phU
phU |w p_JnbY U }@
258

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

xw|TmS |gT nb= mgA o :QhfYkeU }hY L rx{U


eTm< |X
xw|TmS |YT
nb= |H o m gI pcd@ ng\Tm< |X

.()m eh pcd@

|RnfeU pRnT {H
dL e_x deU
ZUn= }aeU Y lR |cw
U }^fU hS Y pZAnaU nc> dL {LneU }i U px keU
`Zx |ZU pHneY {wnZY dL eZ> }iU }>
U R
{=
nS `Zx }cR dbL }x phA}U LnfY efx
ne= U L
.RnfU e_Un= Q}R
x=}U
Un_eU nI e_x n \x {haeU geU
Y

pa _U nhU ehS nehH


deU {U phSB hbU phef> U pRnn=
}haf>
nA }x]> dL nZU phfU pS_U nf@ U n hnbd> R{x ne=

x}_> nY{fL }\x rh= U|= deU ZU {U yhbU e_U |w Y


{wnZY n\HnT fL }@~U fY }afeU {wnZeU [U _= nHU
.U U nY nU pYnhbU

. LeU cU hL ()
259

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

g^T T gdgT cX nT
@ oKeX

ocG
pdH Y pde@ U eU |w nB R }]>
oHnfeU Y
eU |w f_= [ > w {L nHnfY R U qg@
U pLfeU

.}Bv= cZ=

geT
g< nT

hfU
h= InfU oU
cA w }eHn= ngfL jx U nxn\bU Y

nfUn= d cx Zax {S {b_Un= gfx {S |U ~U pUnA x |U


oU
|w cA w neR

:oU
Y hLi h= h[aU Y {=
i :()U

(p@~eU) pf[eU
}eUn= @}U =}> U Z_U pUnA : eT
U }eU @}U h= Z_U pUnA
Y qinT U neT }B oU U >
U {A
\x ni dL }Y
ZL w Z_U Y fU |gR .YnY
.U i nex bUn= }LnZeU ngK R _Y H}x
nhBn= hU nY niU nhB }hQ nY R Z_U cx ne=

w nY @}hdR nw{_= nY oU x{U w :nT R [aY cZ= eU |w q= ()


.rU Y bY w nfw T|Y
260

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

U >}h_> oU
|w {Y cU
d U |dU
Y bx cex

Y .ni q> }Bv= cZ= w _aU R bU R {>

ngU yex oU
}LnZY dL }]hx ni o@ Y lR nfw

ineU = @~U
n> U f x neY
}B }]U cx nY{fL neUn=

Y n @~Y }B }]U nT U neT L}I


}x
dL e_x hdL .-

pS_U ox}= ox
{S nwngK nehH
|w nU }LnZeU dQ Y
hR }]U Y (}eU
Z_U) }Y |w [x nY n UnQ .}B }]dU ph@~U

}`[U |fY ~U S px }LnZY h_Y


pUnA neg]=}> qinT x|dU
oA
}eU >}R @~U
n> dL new{Ln> pbx}]= }^U }>
?

odS B ngdS B R pfhR pex{bU }LnZeU d> b> }B @}=


.n x|> n _R ngU n_h]x @}U
n AnY negfh= {b_U n> cx hR }J h= oU
pUnA :hmT eT

|w Y n L}I fex nY pe?


hU pUnU |w R }LnZeU |w b> }K R
dL }U `fx @ .ngT @ ngY}A dL hU }LnZeU
|L oA
pUnA bU phigZU n? @ L n]eU {S nggx~f>
.ni gI }h> px~}Q p UnA hU odbU R ]x

hU ni {S
L }h_> nT i oU
Y fU |w phL}I
dL

ngfL gfU }LnZeU |g= hdcU d _U nY i ni}T {bR px }LnZY


R he[U LU Y pUn= J_U }LnZeU |w qaA U =
hU phL}ZeU L ng@}x U lR afU R ngbhe_> nwn\H
gfx nY phfx{U [fU R {i nfU .ngY}A \bx ngfY fex nY pe?

pUnA nw}_> phfx n [i {_i nfi = n i n hL nw}_x ngfL


phini

261

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

P fU fY
@e= \S n ehd_> { nY{fL x}cU }bUnR nw}b>

ph_hJ

}bU fL ilR n@ Y {fL nY U n\> }B }Yn= ~U Y

{S P i w P dU H {fL px}ZU pUnU |w {@> U ]d=


nI
S nfU }eUn= o_x
R Q P O N M L K J : U n_ > n
.[ :~A]X W V U T S
Y hLi
h= x}aU nfhdL }B [i pTneU px |w U nfH
}^fU :new negfh= phL}I p]= @ {L Y }B U hfU {A }^i

inU w fL gfeU
}^fU .=nL }^fU gZU
|dU

L afx
=nL }^fU n h hU
}^fx {S @}UnR gZU
|dU

nghU }^fU }hR


f= U nLl= }^fx neT n Yne> nLl= nfU }eU U
ngilR }eU R nU |cw U _hR pdheU }KnfeU U d ]x neT
n x~}Q n xgI }^i hU }^f> {S gI }hQ nL }^i @}U U }^f> {S
.inU w }eU

:aT oA
{b_U L {h_= px~}Q pUnA U >

oU
\R n R}Y n YY|Y {`x ilR hfU hh= pS_U ^fx |U L}ZU

.hR }]U h= n U R
U Y {_= w nY U {Y
neL

nx dU oA
|U w n[U oU
dL }B oA
hR {bx

[aY U nf neT {A _x}I


.oU
x{U w nT R

zT o^T Q eT
dT _G

L rx{U }T {bU :hR bx B _= S Y kH i {S


U`H x
nY |w wngZH {fL x{wneU b> U h_U U
262

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

i nH dL nw}R p_> dL e_> U px}hacU nLneU _= S Y


neR n^i R w
nxU }ZL lR ai gfY {AU }ax
}e=

!cbhd_>

w phU
nLneH dL {T {S x}cU }bU yU Y :@

[ :nB{U]y x w h_U U L rx{U hS Y pfU


neH L rx{U U n Rn\Y }eU _U dU ngi pfU TR
}B n Li pe?
.nw}hQ nI ngi U }^fU hS Y pfU nhUne=
w
w pxf_eU nLneH w pfU w {_eU
nLneH Y

dL >jx dU hH R {wneU nehH


YkeU U d ]x `fx nY |w
Un_> dU oT :eU Y fU |w
nhURnhi nY :ngfY [ :p=U]
lR |gU .[ :nfU][ Z Y {gZU hbx{[U
U pbin_Y phfU
nLneH dL px_U n=n]U _= R ~hT}U

h_> Un_> dU w ohU nbU nwnLn= pfU pbhbU naQ I Y h_U

`H
Y dx ox}Y }Y w nghR pxf_eU
phU
nLneH }nH dL

gfY }hcU h_x ne= x|U nZU kw {U ~}`U fU


oindU

R { bdx |U n]U |w e= gUneH R


qcU Y pUnA
fU

|U deU ni H [U xZ> n \x U R gHai


n^U R A n hf@ n L@ h_x ~x}`U T}>

ni ijT }x[> x
.!eU pg@Y
p~Y pbx}]= pH{beU phfx{U hwnaedU `H w n[Bn= }x nY
.{U p_U w |S p_U R pwZY

263

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

rxnAj= gUbL z a > x|U nxn\U nZU kw U @i


nfhdL
cUneL cU e\x
Y :gU bfU g>Y {fL h_U U pbin_Y

hedeU S R ng= Yb> U pxni


pfU cdB{H nx}= T
R Un_> dU {h= w pfU yh>naY !h_U U nghR bin_> A n HnH
dU }T w P dU H .p=nT n Ynw }aQ c {A cf _hx
ngx cU ngfe\x eR pfU =n _U e\x cx U Un_> dU dL
=n _= nR {fL P dU H rx{U R {bR !hTneU
{_H nedR
fR dL }I fhac> dh`= P w
{_H L{eU
d= z^G mw :P fU
ngU nbR pfU {_H nx U nhfw :qUnS U
w nfU }Y neT dU {h= w nei nfx{xj= qhU pfU ()!cT cK
nfU e\x Ln> pf U e\x i }hacU
b_U R ox}`U Un_> {h=

@U R Y[B = oR ow|eU x{U R Y[B hU Y[U


}hcaU nH Y b_U |w y[>
U U H dL fhL }hacU
.ph[_U }cH

adT |gP ^dT


?jdT
|fdT g<

_eU }geU :~U dL pdbeU nadU pine }T negx :g\_= jH


Y x w @keU
dL }ax naU w
}geU beU }hQ

_Y }gY ~dU {beU


bA pine fL q> phUnL pehb= bY }hQ

dL ~U oUnJ
beU }hQ _eU }geU }cR R
}

gf=
R e_U nY U dL U pSnJ w qS j=
fx{x n hUnY {fH U nL
nU |w
. RncU ()
264

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

:T cK T

}geU {bY R qhU fx ~U B R w ~U pine :


Sm? :bx x}ZU fU
rx{U phUneU }ZU Y U }hQ

nT lR .()|gS mQ oeQ b= c^`= ?}Q


ew acA |= X

.ph@~U pS_U [x
p@~U ex nY |gR x dB
oAn
~U

L}ZU
inbU dL xndU pdhH {_x U ~U lR U|T cx U nY

Y ngx fcex n_a>}Y


}geU nT negY (nR}Y

xnU nT )

L nfU U ng_R{x nY ng>nhA nghdL {c f x ngSbA _= ng_fex p@~U


_> `fx |gU .beU }hQ beU @keU
_eU
nw}gY

dU ngx
pSL nhS nZR n H phZYngU }h`[U phUneU ph\bU |w
ph@

.UH
}geU {>
}geU :m ghm>
Y w nghB ngh= n cdY hU p@~dU A
ngx Y }eU nZ> dL nf_hZ> ni|h> Y |w ~U Y hLi ehS
pS_U Zax R n bA yfex |w cU
n \x }geU }Y ~U }Y R
pdn_U p_eH oHnfx }geU |w fL q> h_Y ~eU ph@~U
n= .pd[= ph@~U
gf= nhA U qe>
U xnf_U Y U }hQ

nY phUkeU dex gf= gf= pfUn= }ZY d Z a x x|U


neg> negf_> x= f e> n [B Un_> inH dU
ng_R ne= qcU in_> n inL gf= nb= U phwU nH |w e=
.pdx}U n\A U dU yeH U
nT lR }Y }hQ kU }aY R ~dU {beU
@}U B :m Tm>

. RncU ()
265

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

_\x nY T lR n \x }hca> Y {x neT }@nU phdb_=


~U R }cax

nfeJ }bH U e\x {h_H n @ U b x U hS }I Y


}bH U n fcH {x}x Y phfw|= ~U dL {bx nT nY
pfhcU
_Y }gY p@~dU o c x h= }hT nR pe? cx dR n h@
bY }hQ
@kY }gY
.

!meT G K

ph\S
H R U U }U
|@ w nY :w{A jH
R nx{x~x nfU H Y px}hacU nT}U _= d_a> neY
SeU nY
}_U

n^i :U
{fL } L n heUnL n Yn^i nT }U
H S Y T
heU x}Z_U }bU R eH
cZ= px}ZU
fY d > U {_=

n> nA {gZx |w nfYx A ~x SU eH


cZ= qdS nei

_h]U
Y penS qU phL}I
}hQ p[hB pHni H nfw }ZUn=

phf@ pSL ng_Y hbx U x


nw{hU n cdY {`> n^fU |w R }eU

. {bL U nx cdY ngi nH dL


ph\S Y H SY nY
cehR ni hB ni eH }U

pd[eU phYH phSB ph_x}ZU pY^feU R YjU B Y ~U


n^i) n^fU |gU |Y
R {eL i {h = (}U
cx U ij= }hQ }Y |g=
n^i Y dU U n]eU pxngi R \ax n @{Y n ehcA n =dH pg@eU
ni h= w px}ZU ngR}L n> |S dL n\bU n> cZ= px_U
}nY dL YncU YH x}ZU }A Ai rhA .ni hB
:h=dH neLn= U n_U |w
266

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

yR : cG
_U dL hZU Y {h_U }x}> nY = T

~@ _U fL d_@ U Un_> dU U n=}bU \R Y nL


n [I bx eR ni ngc>}x U nxnfU n]B Y }hcdU naT

p>nceU n= yR U pS }x}> Y~dhR .. {eL n\Y }gI R }]ax j]B

{_U }x}> U \a> pba nR}]U hR {b_x n= w wnhH {h_U h=


hS}Un= n> pw}T dL {hTjU U {hH
U neU Y n fh_Y n `dY R

nw{I
nU `= Y nU |w nL (niU ni h=)

r=
phw}T
dL eL {S ehUn_> B Y H d T U Y w

ne= acx L B{U Y hS}U }x}> dL eL afU R px}U

nS}H deU hR }^x in]dH cdY H}Y { Y _U d_R

>nhA h_x f_Y egR px}U pHneY dL ai {_U jhw


{S cx S
QdL T eL gai nfw Y {hH L {h_= n> bHn=
U @eU

.() |@ cT c^? zR |gP zK b= : {L nT }A


ni T

}L R {bR nS}H U px keU |RnfeU T {H


:hmT cG

nghR yeH {hA pUnA nfHn= nS}HU {e_eU nH Y }hcUn=

T}ZeU nT rhA }U pUnA w eUn= Yn_U {LnS dL U|=


U R nY hedeU }H nS}H dL }U R de_x w}hQ
.eUn= g_Y Yn_U

ph\S
R nhT }U
L {x U x}cU }bU Ai nfi Y |w

{aU eU
nei {_U }H Y Yn_U
new :x}B xnhB L {>
S
d c b a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X : U n_ > n
. pQU sgi ()

267

ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT

:bU cex pTneU px |w R [ :{eY]


}U
e

ph\S
hU) n x}h={> }@ y@}i
nehR qinT =nU Y~U R edeU ngHnY U
nY
eUn= Yn_U {LnS dL x}B Y edeU {eL (n h_x}Z> n ecA
pd[eU Y Zx
TnU {h= w pUjeU lR hU
nY o= L}ZU

n h_S nhB {_x U nfinY R U


yU Y hededU pYn_U
bY
R
hiS w nS}H U
hibU K
pUjeU p\R}U phU{U

g_x}I {nbY Y f> w nghdL _S nghR edeU }i {S


R hdR UnUn= n bd]Y nhi ni px}A U nfx H }`U
nY Y{H p@nA hededU pd[Y
{U U phS}U
n^i nL
hdL {S = hedeU Y =}A R U pUje= |Bjx }B
eL {_x
Y px}hacU nLneU _= = b> nY HU n hY n R}Y

{nbY Y fx pd[= H U qex


eL w n^fU |w nhA nL

x}ZU
hdL o>}> }[> w kw d_ax neR UnUn= YH

.phL}I n?

268

mT dT

ogKmd? mR^T mYT


oTmG Q T :

oevzdT zdT <cG g< T :m ghm>

owzT Kmd? T mG mYT :m Tm>

mfX m<m< mYT oRK :m ^<


mYT ~TmX :m XmA

269

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

pHnA pSL w eeU }R }nH Y nZU pSL


ngU pegY

.phLne@ y}ZU }nH nhA gai nZU nhA }bH dL Un= }h?j>
rU Y pnB pxnfL }Y |w x x
Y nT nfw Y

}\U
{LS pfhY H dL phLne@ nS_U nH R gx ne= {U
B Y eU |w R hdL hd> ni nY |w .pfh[A p=n?
:phUnU nbfU
Y nZU nehH ni > phew
:T o\aeT

L nghR {i
.J}I U |w phahT x}B
.pfw{eU {eU =dH h= U L nghR {i
:oghmT o\aeT

rx{U Lne@ U nH L nghR rx{U {x :oTmT o\aeT


.ngY{H = (}x> > xnR)
pg@ Y nZU h@ h= U pUnA U nghR }]i
:o^<|T o\aeT

.}B pg@ Y ngY n= h=

nZU pSL L rx{Un= U eU |w ng= i :oXmT o\aeT


{x nY ngLi nZU UnY A phR pH Y gY gi}Sj=
.hdL c> `fx nY nghR
271

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

oTmG Q T
_= pxn`dU nw rx{A w nZdU pfUn= U L rx{U
n adY nT U A i = oR U {eU phew
}h_x {S nZU

Y n ini _]= nT U phew


U
nhB x {S ilR

|w phahc=
n edY
cx {S g_Y x hdL x|U nI {x{>

Y pde@ }]= eU |w nbi }\U Y nT nfw Y U


:w pdH nghdL p=n@ ni ? pdH
R{w w nY U w nY
i Y Y

U }I w nY i hT
hUnH U ncI w
w nY
cU w nY
dU L}ZU

mh Qzv :T

{R w nY R{w w nY U pbhbA w nY
:bU cex U dL p=n@ R

272

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

i > f_Y ni nijR > ni (


ninR hini {Tk>
Y }T a]U {U }]aU |w d > n_U U dL ]aY _]=
.]Un= i{Y
ni :hS nfw Y n _h nT U A }hQ

x{U U }]R f
x U i U U p@n= ni w
Y = }b> ne= p@ U }Y{eU phLne@ phafU pU~_U }hH bx ne=}R
.{U

Lne@ n\aU U pU~_U Y }x i ni x f_eR


LnR n TnZY n fY cx oA}U
.

}B Zc> > Zc> H UnR d_> nijR > ni (


.nhU Zc> Un= >S >S nbi a_ a_ nbi Zc>

w U phdeL
}S w neT nhU nT R }S }S pR}_Y phdeL

S UjeU ncU R
L K J I H G F E : U n_ > n
:}U]Z Y X W U T S R Q O N M
{w U N M L phgU phZY ex |U }ZU fUnR [
.>nbU }AnfU R{w hU O n_U w {Y
y

:pUn_eU |w cL ]> {= ni {x{@ ZT nijR > ni (


.eU hL nijR > ni

lR =nbeU R Rn_Y n ehdH n _eY nx Y eY (


eY w eU }hQ eeU
H .{n_Y vY }hQ caY
U hU {gx nehR {gx neilR U n_U U U L{x nY{fL
.ngYncA phLne@ nS_U }h>
273

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

h X X

>nxnQ U {w pR}_Y R {>


nU |w dL p=n@

:nfw fL rx{U nffcex nY


{T cT X T

Y nfai Y i nfhdL lR {A Y U L rx{U S


d`Zfx nfY x}hcU > Y > S }B Y > j]U
pd@ U p@n= i |U hdInaU pYL |w gai fx }Bn=
pd@ R nfai n[i nfhdL nfai Y nA pd@ |U Y >
@}x dR ai `x
|w hhbU nU
Y ngL{i ngZ`i
.x}BU [i }hB

dU Y U U nibx {=
R n h nT |U Y U
dU nx }= Y w afUnR ()<
| K zaQ `h
| K X : Un_>

_ZU @
~L
ngR}_Y e^L
R}_Y U bH pR}_eU A
.Un_> hU }baU p@nUn=

:}bH Y nfh]_x |U gR Un_> dU Y U nY


|U Y U {A nfU H}x |U w [ :{L}U]
.}B Y

}_Z> U dU phcUnY dU x_= }_Z> nf_Y dU Y U


pd@ Y {=
|U ngd T >nhA >nSL ai R Un_> dU \=
phUnY p}R Yk> n_U hU cZ> h@nf> n@nfY pd@ dU Y >
.inH dU Y dU
. i n= ()
274

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

|A X T

ngfhA d]f> inH dU Y |U Y U phdeL


phde_U

b> {_=
`fx |U w dU Y UnR }B Y U
Y U phdeL
^fx
> Y U {x H |U Y y@nfU U ngSn]i {x }B
.ngHnfx nY |U |w nae= R}_Y R U _Y
:hLi dL }B

R pS{U hdL nfw fY nR = {S {x}i |U }B : eT


{x~x Y nhB hdL :bi }[Y pedc= nffcex _Y > Y nhB

.>nhSB hA dL n dH }? kx S
dL }B x dL R

R nY}Y {A nfw hR }h?jU {x}i |U }B :hmT eT


deUnR .{deU Y }RncU Y YkeU Y fdR {A Y U
ex w pUnH oAn
gx{w R oQ}x nfU heU peU

hd@ n eUnL q_R phUnH}U }U |w .}hU gU fex


= {hU w
Un_> dU Y n dJ hfYkeU }h`U hdU R nL [x nJ
.pgeU }eU peU =nT R U dL i
neT px{gU gU

x?meT T |H v mX h gS
ogRA ogewzT |YT :

ngecx {=
{[U {Y
x}B Y pS_UnR pinY {[U
pax}ZU rxnA R nfw Y pxdeU ohUnH L {h_= pinY
[Un= [Un= pinY rx{U {[= inex }x nei ni
?|T kQ
fXmgZ< f=Z< |_=
:nS QdU {L = _R
275

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

z zeK v|A bT @G S|= T @ ZT ZTm< rfT md<


.()ohmX qwzT

x|U nI Y d> cx rh= r=n_U ngU U


U nY .ngfY {ha> nT nhi x dL R g_Y U Y af>
eL n edL fY {ha> fx{= }\x
n bdB
|U r=n_U wU
L{U {g= U cx nY{fL .T}> =nf@ hd_R pddY n>
> nb= dL n \x }AnR
n hUnH
pYn_U pd[eU Un_> dU U


{w pbh\U yUn[eU L {h_U phini phUnH}U }U I
.B pS{[U x{> }eY U _> ph_afU
ph[ZU

ogZZT
oge`T :ogKdT |YT :m ghm>

fx U U ph[[U phfaU }ZU ng= {[S phLY }I pe?

:hJ}I U nI cex ng>nL}Y nfU nZi eL

.ba> nehR {> d_> nehR B{> rh= n[[U


}A

S z@ nw
rx{U aR U nb>
:x}ZU fU

cT
dK dK
= nh> inb> `fhR neL Y eL U ()eaw
.>
g@ dL
ogRA |YT :m Tm>

:rx{U R x}Bn= pS_U nfU }I |gR }ZU A U



mbw | YT @ |^dT me
nY L ()oe T Azw odT

. RncU ()
. ne_U ~fT ()
. RncU ()
276

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

cT nS X oe@ T cT nS XjdT gA ? Q =
X :Qn}U
T oe@ T
.()< {^w

dQ bT R Tm< z< :P dU H L Un= {=

.()g= Q T R bTm< z<

c gT QmZgcQ
mA Sz@ aT :P dU H L pRn[eU

.()obdT geZ< ^emQ obdT T{< |S cT kQ


gcK

mA |S X :P dU H nS Qn[U L ph]U pedcU


Q } w T <|S K |Q
od@|T gcK zddT cT J
mf< `\cw odcb< cdT

.()T Q mS mX

mfhkQ mf= <m= mf= :P dU H L rx{U R ngU

.()m_[Tm< nv{=

gTmG T mbH
:ncI {L
x}B Y dU

:Jni ()

(phS phi}cU pUnH) T


(..phiad> }InY p?nY ) gaI
. nHU {Y ()
. RncU ()
. {[U zhZdU (p?U }gI n\R p_hZU na p_hZU n\R pehe\= ) B pSn[Y ()
. RncU ()
. RncU ()
277

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

:qYn ()

{S cU Y d= nghR qe[U cx nA }R
:ndU qe
bTmdKi< mecT mK hS :Qn[U nY L rx{U R
.()beTi< mK hb=

>nhL YkeU nx) ..nx {LnY :i{hY nZi


.}bf> nc> H Y hbU |w (_hhZ>

ohUnH U ohUnH {x{> dL e_i nfw }\U Y


\R p?eU ohUnH {fL {ei `fx }h`Y
L
pT}Y

.ngd@ Y ni ngH{bi

cT K|YT bT

bL hR Q}Y }ZY x}B Y U lR {eU R


n hbL
n hLne@ n hi{Y n [I chU _R{x bx U~L Y ni }x UnR
ne= n L}I n =d]Y }Y {`x R L
UnH
{g= U nT

.B nS nA > i @U Y U S}x

dU {L Y U w n Y}Y nU _= R U cx {S
U |T JdU pinhB hfYkeU pLneU n Rn_ {_x
|U phini
phSB pLnfeU dL }? kx |U
|U U deU niU phA}U

.pgZU pegU SY R d_x

. nfH }S ()
278

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

oevzdT zdT <cG g< T


nfU {=
dL }^fU ~T}i
}B Y U phahT
Y dL n a]L
zhH}> R nw
Y U neU A{Y H hdL {T he@ dB phew
.gfh= nehR }>U }nfL ha> eeU nf= h= nU nH U
SU U U L{x Lne@ HneU o@x nY T d_Y
.Un_> dU {fL Y gR
x{U `Y gR }ZU ~eU o@x nY T
qadx {S .nfU {Y {[S {eU w U dU |w Un_>
~L n fw n a_ {eU }_x dU |w phew nZU Y }hcU
.n f@

_\U ~_U L }h_> w w ng>nh=nx w nY {eUn= }eU neR


pfw{eU {eU h= }aU nY

zdTm< |dT

U dUn= g_Y }h> f_> nfU {Y


nY dL }[R oh]U

hd= g_Y Yn_> g@~Y B gLnJ f>


gfL {[x
h\bx neY
{x neL
\Q e> ph]U p edcU gU b> dL }> R
T w
T gQ b= T X > :rx{U aR wn> }h[bU U~U Y gfY
279

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

f? < |w c@ meT < zw cA cT m^X K }w :dK


.()vmT

w = nZU _U h
x {S neT _ ~L hU qhU {eU
dL
L hU
L {S ni {U }hT bL phUnL pecA L }_>
zX a^T eK :}B rx{A R ()meT zX a^T |d> :Q
hH {eU |x Y :bU U nU ph\bU q c L U ()meT
U
.InR }HnB ni gR nhU R

zdT ogKzT

Y nfU Y dYn_> R {eU hH sgfx hdL hcU Sn_U


w y@nfU phL{U lR .n hUnH n ini dU U phL nT nehH
UA
2 1 0 {eU }h`= U U f x U nfU dS B{x |U
o_ }B nT negY .[ :}eL ]7 6 5 4 3
B{U hdL g x B{Y naY L a> hd_R dU hH
}eU
# " ! ni }[Un= d> hdL }ax nY |w dS U
.[ :gcU]* ) ( ' & % $
i< h|X mdS meT zd< <
h|X :P dU H L rx{U R
P eT T g|? m? :Qn[U L rx{U R ()|`T

.()acA :T aw T |aw <


zdX
mw :maQ

. RncU ()
. LeU cU hL ()
. LeU cU hL ()
. RncU ()
. ai {[eU ()
280

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

zdT mg<mw

Y dbU `> Lne@ }>U pU R wn> ngi {eU }e?


nS{ Y } cx {L Y ni d bx U|= n`\U nbA
p d = |YTm< faT fmAk< d=
meT :QdL

_R iL
{hT Yj> L> }B o\Q e>
{eUn= i neT ()fhm_

X c = fcP Xi=
meT : n \x QhfYkeU }hY _R }I

.()vzmbX

neT {eU lR fx{U eU dL nY Lne@ eU dL |w


nY = Qnhi ng= } Y |gU {gU dL nfU dS ya> nfdS
gTdH R nx~eU = n JnL w}hQ dL d \ a x U gR wH eL
ng=
acA cK cT fc[Q
mdh mgh
:rx{U aR {eU ngfY gSB
R ()cT Q fhA ? fga=

@ cT w zK f=zX zY<
.()meT zX mghzT wzT oXG :QdL
L rx{U

oevzdT zdT

nA dL pdYneU U
L nfU f_> nfU {Y cU

bU hbU x{U nA dL pdYneU hbU nA dL x{U


nY w
gi P UB Y P hi
ngfL gi U pfw{eUn= }bU nghex

S nfU T

pg@Y aR .[ :dbU] : U n_ > n

. ai {[eU ()
. LeU cU hL ()
. i n= ()
. LeU cU hL ()

281

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

pdYnedU ncY JnU


U SeU R ddU pfw{edU Y
nehR QdL
hhe> U kx

bx JnU h= fh= pdnaU U


()Xm\dT w m[w hmZw X cT |X gaw : fL
h Q eT
ng^H T cT @ :Q}SnU nY L rx{U R

vmgA X m `T gG v|H X m `T g^< :T mX XR X {^X

e v :gT ?
}K
cT @iQ !mgA m< mdQ |H jv
mw :maQ
.()[_T [_w cQ m^dT v

}cf> = }cfeU oc>}> bR hU @ lR nH |w dL


{S g_in[Y lR g_in[> dw w{> fL {_> }n> }cfeU
n a_ qhU {eU }_> |g= }cfeU nc> R }eHn= gx}`>
.dw JnU pfw{Y d^U dL cU f_> n iw

o@mZdT oRmZT A

a [x e= iji nfdYnx eU n>}i nfhdL lR {b>


nY R
|H
:rx{U aR pfh_Y ph[_Y oc>}i JnB SY R ci nY{fL nfU
Y bx{ :hS {S () g K | =mG
`h Q ev X hA
c>}x nY dL qc> f_> pSn[U BnR
.S{
Y S {

B = {eU U
nA dL x{> dYnR j]B Y bx{

U U U A hL dL U nI [fU L{> pSn[U


.A S @nL
.JnU w de_= =nZx :n\x U nA dL {x :in[x :nh= . pQU sgi ()
. RncU ()
. LeU cU hL }gaeU dcU cU }Q ()
282

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

~`eT oevzX

ngL{x nY{fL afU ni pfw{Y w pfw{eU i H bx


n_eU ngU x~x
ng= }`x
nghdL |cx
}cfeU _R nghdL gx

}e_U ]= nghf ex hbdU n> hR nY B Rnfx nY nc>n= ngx}`x


}e_U p= Un_> dU U _U p=U U pLneU pd_dU L i
< pdv `h v X :QdL
L rx{U R !pdxJ nx nfYnY
.() oX|dT
m^dT cK

A |T
b< nv{Q (}U R {[bx) b`h Z A | = :QfL
.()ogZ^dT cK mv b< fgQ evz= odc]T nv{X

dcU cU }Q ()
. pQU sgi ()
283

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

owzT Kmd? T mG mYT


U nH L cU U nibx hUnH U nH L rx{U
dL =nci nZU nehH
hU |w n`Zi Ai rhA rx{U
.(}`i > }x> xnR) i}cU U nH {H
f`x ni afx nehR ngfY nR cex neY
w ng> {A R nHU |w
R cex {haeU n_U Lne@ U R af> neT =}> dbL
ni U hx nehR ngfY nR =nbeU
h]i nfilR |gU >nh= }\x

{S pdhH w hT ngY}i
R pdhHU |w ]hZi
ng> {A
ngY|i
}h_U o_[U
ngd `i hT }_i geU
qdgH {h_U nfhU q=}S

:U yh> hU nw}ei

odah od^h ph|h

SeU L kU rx{U >jx pdhHU |w neH pbx}J {fL nfw


:U R bU ne@ U }U {A L SB
L}ZU

phSB hbUn= }hZU Un_> dU U L{U R pdhHU |w Y nR Y


n AnY cx U pdhHU |gU Y{H lR YnA Y Lne@ U R
@U {A
.L}ZU
U }Y [x ne= n L}I n fY = oR

284

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

lR nS{ B Y U R pdhHU |w {H Y |cw


neT }hT f`Y w >U xnaU }L U nS{ nT

e T }K

X eX }K
A
mS
K }K
X m
:QdL

nS
.()feX < |`J
X g

R phAn= SeU U B{U hH R pdhHU |w {i nY{fL nY


g@nL g> gn]B n[A w}H y\R nfU dL U
n Y}Y
nY U L {h_= }hQ {hTj> c=
chH U lR ..gA S
nehR qi}i {H dL (n ?ni T) nfU _= nY Y ^Ai
n> >n@ >nhUkY egx i {A
U }B nhi x R _afx
bL n L}I R}Y }Y |gR .. @
U pRnn= hR nehH

}e_dU {w qSdU {x{> n@U R }h[bU nhUkeU L d U
Y neU {w {gU i H Y w }e_U {w
nY \x_> cex
!_x nghgR nZU }e_U{w

J nLnH
UnhU n Ynx
\bx eY w}h`U nZdU bi |gU

|w :n YeL qi}i >U }xU xnaU dL
Hn> H nJ i_h\> |U nY~U |w ngi{>
U nLnU
oXmgaT w zK mXzR }= :P dU H L rx{U R pYnhbU x hdL
w X TmX K < mdgQ <mH K meQ mdgQ |dK K :< K iw @
.()pgT v meX K a`h mdgQ S

}nH nghR {> U phi}cU n= o_dU ph\S


|w L {_>
(ZxnH U n>) = }_x nY hS Y U|U p[[eU ~g@

. pQU sgi ()
.n b=nH rx{U n[Y }Y
()
285

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

Y L nB n_U |w L rx{U Y Y nw}hQ


{LnS dL U U U nIn= j= cU {[= i |U U
n[> nH {H pUjY Y bd> ngi U cU }x
cU
|g= o_dU :bU pB phdU
n? _= R rx{U

QnI ng= o_dU cx p]x}I pAn=n= cY phi}cU


nS ^_eU
U U|T phfx{U
>n@ phLne@ >nhUkY L dx rh= ni

nT |w ._U |B x }hR w}U nH dL ng= o_dU nT


}hQ icU ng= o_dU hdL }x R Un= }hQ nT nY
n `Un= ng= oLU
de_x h=}eU Y w}hQ ngY n=n= }aeU Y cU .d cY
R nU w neT nebU o_dU nf@ U wnI naJ h@> dL
Y _x |U }Y U dL wnhL kdU U nY}eU }nH
.fL gLS U gT}> U {_= o_[U

h^f> } w hdL {hTjU hU }^fU naU `fx }B }Y pe?


neT
nZU nS ^_Y ng= o_dU dgx T ng= o_dU pnB nS
}Y Y w nHU |w p_=nY nY }Y R bi A naJ
}bH dL n dH }? ne=
= oR ni }eL ~f> U phU
T >nhA n^i dL }? k> ngi neT ahKU dn_U
hwni n Yi n =}I
}T|U nL{U [U Y n_U }Y R nHU |w dL Y{eU }h[b> L
.B nx nA pd
n_U _= ne_H }> dL hZU U niL{> }B p^AY pe?

U fL {wnZY e> U n_U [B w |w nge\>


U
nghR oLU
qhU n_U |w nYjR {_x bx }Y ph[I
ebx

ng>}h?j> }> ngi px=}U phAnfU Y |Y


.naJ dL phdU

286

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

wm`T

>U xnaU }L U w S> nfU n_>


pdhHU |w nfA w
U = he@ }Y w
{A {_x
dL }_dU pdhHU |w Y naH x|U nI Y T
phi}cU
.hdxJ
nhQ n]bi {_= gYnA g=nS U U gx

new}hQ >U xnaU }L nfU h= n_U ncI Y


SeU L neR ~U {g= nhaU nZU n_> w nHU Y
>nh=nx >nhdH w nY }Y |w Y L}ZU

U Y fU |w R phL}I p dcZY }i {eU rhA Y nfi


nY p_H nR yR R {LnH {S pdhHU |w Ai nfi = n_U
nhaU nZdU {x{@ }R nx R qewnH ~U Q ~_U

Y i nfhdL |gU oHnfeU ~U dL _U gU x


U x|U

.nfU UjY }hQ nT n _JnS n \R \R}i }Y |w


_= }hQ Y }T n RaY bx n_U Y fU |w @
nfhdL }ax |U }Y }hcU nghR bx {S U phL}ZU }xneU }JneU
:w =\U nfU n@}U h= U Y fU |w = L rx{U

nedcU nhB R H xnaU }L U R dU {A nL}Y


ne= U nR}[U }nH R }B Y hfU {A ng= {x U
yh .U i px~}`U n? L i}cU U @ {_x
hL Y YjY R nicx {S >U xnaU }L h?neU
g_YnY nfU
UnLgR Un_> inH dU hL L Yje= nhU negi
cT mK :QdL

L rx{U R phRnB hdL a> nxnaU }U


287

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

.()SmT v zvmYT kQ
cT Q cT m^X a=

}hQ nHU |w }L n_U Y fU |w


}B }]U pR}_eU nT
Hnex |U hU{U `U
R bi A }IneU n_U Y {=

=
ngf cU pdhe@ phcY [= }B }]U U gai Y{bx rhA }hcU
fL {h_= SdU paUnY
R {_= pbhbU ni Zcx ne=
{_U T
.

nx Sn_U ni nhU pfUn= }h[Y }S w ~U }S


}\U
Y lR nfw Y .fY }bH dbe= r_x }h[e=

.ph}R phew qhU phbhbA h[ZU h= pR}_eU c>

{h_U `d U rx{U |Y R _ b x nhaU nZU Y }hcU


w) nSnhdU nhU {A nx {S phSB =\U nL}Y L
}\Un= [x U ) n L}I bY }hQ }Y w (fU J = fL }_x
nY
{=
d_i neT YkeU n R}L gY ilR U|T (pY}U {A
U
Y ai \x hZx neL {_x > _eH aA dL }x
Xcw
Q odfT X Q `h X :QdL

nS neT i pegU
.()< ]T
mG X

|w }L nfU _= Hnex {S |U {U Y |i }hB {=



nedcU _= nghdL hU
h_Y zR U nhaU _= {H nHU

ng\ax nghdL `\x nw~hU


U `H dL e_x ? n?neU
.ngR}I ngY}T U x

. pQU sgi ()
. pQU sgi ()
288

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

~=T wm`T o_T

p`dU w nHU |g= [x nehR nw{fL Si j= }x{U Y Y

.. >U xnaU }L gd> R {x{U hU ngY{x U

p`dU w
}Zi {S .fh>U }Un= ng=nT neL Y cU phceU

U R nw}hQ bx nfU _= {Q pYnL }wnK q p`dU |w


nf_x }wn^U |w dL n bhd_> .x}B Y
nf\R nf=}`H i

[aU nfT}> nY{fL }Y
h>}Y
ph=}_U nf`U L nghR ni{_= U }wn^U |gU

fh>U }Un= =}_U


}U nfU{H nY{fL }B }Y
phceU p`dU U

{S U px{x{U peU hS Y }wn^U |w c> nZi nY ZB

gR |U `U nei _U ngZh_x U phafU {b_U SY Y d]f>


.f@ }U {e_x

ocwzT ZT

U peZeU }hQ [Un= >}x nbeU R hdL fi


}B }Y pe?

{=

L x{T >U xnaU R nhaU nfU _= ng_\>


hheUnL hdeY hinfaU nZU _= \x {S ph[ZU w

}hY ~aY n_I U _U jdx ne= U U nY


ph[_U
ngfY SeU w neR }BU phY e> phw|Y

_aU bUn= HU phL cx YkeU Y YjeU pbhbU

nY lR nfw Y .e\eU [Un= pecU n= p[bU }_ZUn=


phinex >[U U n g=nZY cx {=
> c_x YkeU L } _ x
R phbhbU w L pdx{= Y hfYkeU _= hdL neR
289

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

[U d> f> j= ni}T nY L}x `fx >U xnaU


pgI Y d> pbU }hQ peZeU }hQ [UnR ginex gh[I Y
pfYkeU YkeUn= {@ nefh= aU JndU n x}> nghR phL}I
|w cx nZB nY ZB .phini
phYH
hbdU HU n@}x

R ngiT L }_x
ne= nh[ZU |g= }?jU Y n bd]fY beL R e_U
Y |x n @ei }^i
.nhU R U dL

290

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

mfX m<m< mYT oRK


pS_U |gR x{U nZU h= pS_U ph\S
{dU }heU nxn\bU Y
{L _U neg\_U hR}]U ga> {L :bfU }>U Y I ngecx {S
= U @}x U R oU }B }]U bA new{A nL}Y
}e=

bH R pQ}= }_Zx ilR nZU pdA}Y U [x dU dL nZx


ph[ZU ecY n =nI y {S i x}BU qx > {hTj> }U R
{= }bU
Y sL~fx }\x
U|U fL
| hU }nS {_x U

n inhA x{U dL n]x ne=


fL }bU n> Y _Y nZU {L
.h[ZU }= hU@ dL {hTj> _aU bU R negU f_x

]B T{x {S ngY n= Y }hcU }>> pS_U {x~x neY

R }h` ~x ijT nZU gf= Y dYn_hR ng[n[B pdA}eU |w


Zi U kx nY |w nY= _Y dYn_x phew px x}U U }h_x
.hR}]U h= }>Y pSL
Y}A U a> piY pi}Y pbx}]= pS_U |w }x{i hT :kU
h[I =U

291

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

oc@|dT {v mZA f`=


w hR}]U h= pS_U ni @ nwn> U U ]U _U


nT{x neghdL lR .x= }J Y nehH
}B new{A ga> pUnY
L{> ngi nZU pdA}Y w negf= nghR B U pdA}eU |w phew

aJ {_x U gR = Y Yn_U R {x{@ n ]ei


]fe= _Y Yn_hU }h`
nbi |w n UnQ T{x ngY n= Y }hcU pdcZeU .Y

gRnb? R _\U
nY g>nf= gnf= {fL }B pdA}Y U px}eL
pdA}Y Y

gZxn_Y a]U oin@ U }eeU


w{@> (ngY n= {[S)

|w [x _Y pS_U R n fh_Y n =dH n_x gd_@ U phYhU

U adx U }_Zx U gijT nZU pdA}Y U _Y Yn_U R dH


b_Un= nei bR {Un= hU dU |w nZU H
d= {S gf=
px}e_U pdA}eU nh\bY Y n Yni _Y Jn_U }hh`> U R{x nY LU
px=}>
Y gfce>
pRnb? Y U L{Y ngY ()n= lR |U {x{U

gf= ng= }ex


.nZU pdA}Y U
U pUa]U A}Y L

oRmZdT cG mdK

neL x
Y lR nghU nZeU pRnbU x= Y Y
_h]U

.pUa]U pdA}Y dH L n Yne> dY nZU Y {x{@ =}> dH


fU
rx{U hdL i nY |w pSn[eU dH w {x{U dH

pdA}eU U }hZx pLfeU pUa]U A}Y L {x |U ()x}ZU

.ncU }B R () S deU p_@}Y cfcex nghin_Y ngYgaY = L ()


:UnUnT rx{U i ncA = Y nU rx{U p_hZU nH :}^i ()
nT R nwni}T {x{L h rx{U |gU ..geG G |w geG G zK geG G zgG zTT
.@}dR H R a]U bA
292

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

m ^G @m :dH ngecx nZU aU px{= pdA}Y w ngfY pUnU


gf= h= pg@ Y ngY n= h= pS_U .m ^G |w :dH
{e_> {H nZU =nJ |> {=
}B pg@ Y nZU
ehb= }_Z> ilR nZU f= nZ> nY{fL i }aU U dH
{= }bU n> dL qY~L nY incY h[I ~_>
hdL q}R fL

}LnZY qA}@ hU jH h[I qbH {S c> U|= ilR x


.x}B n> wn> phdH _R x{U dx H nY |w

ocadT ogZYT

}_x H
y[hR dU H
U U= ec> ni ph[I

U|= a>}> pdbY ph[I


pxnU pxU ncI T
oAn
n ad cY

:f_x |U }Y hdL

UY R }[U
deU U>
oAn {`x i
pdbY phUnY pY

dU }bx p]x}I nZx eU ogx {x}x neT }Zx hhR >ncdeY


S {I}Un= ngfL }_eU ph>nhU }U db_U s\f U Y p>}e= {U
n

x
|U [ :nfU] : U n_ >
.n UnY R R}[x x|U
|U [U fgex |U e_U i nhB {A bA Y
.ph[fU nI UdU hU = oQ}x

U hU nhU x}I nhB ()i }T n \x nZU A Y


[x nY |w f= dL }a> nw{x}x p@ f= dL }a>
e= ~U dL ngw}T ngh= x nT {hI qinT U }cU }eU }_x gbR pe?
@ ()
.o>
e= ~U dL bRY n e\> nghdL lR =nbeU R cU o>

293

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

@ n UnQ
}a> nY ngg@> ng[f> U nei >
{x}>
@ nghdL
R {b_U y[x U U hU ngU dK |gR {x}>
:PdU H L rx{U R {S qi ~U {x}> U gR }T
()
QhfYkeU }hY o]B neU
Sz@
mv|XigcQ e< }w
pbQ | S zR m gcK
:nbR PdU H nwn> QpeJnR {hU

.nwn hU }eU cH nLn= ()mf?}Q
|Q
~>
i :QdU{L = qdS a_x = L rx{U R
}Y
.()< v T
T }=

pwv

:nS nw}hQ =

oKm\T |@

}bU R nI x=U cx {= `dx {b> nY cU

eR nghdL {S {x}x U ]U nwn> nZU {x}x U px}h[eU


}hZx = {x = x}= nZU {x
hR}U dU nh\bY

nhU R neg=n> neg>}B Y {hax hdL {S {x}x nehR x{U


H L |U ng>nf= jZ= [x nehR nehH on U cx {S
.()f=me< Q meT |X :P dU

new}Sx negY}x hdL h^L }hT {UU dL x{UU A



n= U x new}LnZY kx }[>
neghU x
}[x

R ofx newn dL n e }x U `fx = negeA ]bx


. ne_U ~fT ()
. i n= ()
. RncU ()
. = fH ()
294

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

S neg=n\Q negg@ R >


l k j i h g : U n_ > n
z y x w v u t s r q p on m
* ~}|{
.[ :}H]
d]eU hU g>ngY wn= Y}x nf= Y d]eU
nei = }Yjx nehR pLnJ @ dL {x nY pe? hdR x{UU pLnJ
}bU nxn H dB w |gR .}hSU }A nA o@U
x{UU Y Yn_U R hedeU B cU
P }T H}U hUn_>

gn= Y dYn_x nZU Y }hcU {gZi nf = rhA }U @}Un= |B


Un_> dU o\`U nL{Y w @ bL |w naH b= g>ngY
.}B nhi{U R

|K ow

Qn[U nY L }> px bi nhU |w R U oh]x

L rx{U aR hew x{UUn= }U


pdh\R A }L n H e\>
n hi}[i qfT :nS (Q n[U nY n Y) hw}= = nx}T
dL qfT i :qdbR QdU{L = dL qdB{R qA qedHjR
dU S :qdS G Q pw H
:nbR qedH i phi}[fU

4 3 2 1 0 / . - , + * ) ( :@
~L

G n ?? zv fcT :nS ? cT zv zaT :nbR [ :ZU] 5


pRacY Y h= w phi}[fU dL Y = :qdbR e<
mw pH mdK
:qdbR |w}eT T cSiw :nbR ghi R T g_Y TjR }[U
ph S |gP T mfcb= Q p=mX kQ mv|Q
X |]hiQ i< :nbR iex
295

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

:nS cT mH ed< eg=i= @ eg= h z@ |=


mfhiY< a= {T

qY{S nedR Ujx |w Ujx |w nh d_Y ijT UA nfU fe= h>jR


:U qUnbR ngY{B ngH ng=? dR nge_J qfT Y qa]U pRcU
}@nw |fY fY |U neR fx dL qi |w = f[> qfT
nY f=
nx
:qUnbR :|g= i}Y nfhi {U Y @ :qdbR (H) phahfU R qdB{R
|w i
|w f=
nx :qUnbR i
= f cU :qdbR i
w @}U |w
nx :qUnbR f= f cU i
nfhi {_= cx hU i nY nx :qdbR nhi nxn w
ngedL H R qdB{R nghdL }_R dL
}L x }hB fx f=
hdU R nL ngU }L ? }B nZ_U }`eU }[_U }g^U qd [R
q nedR q>nY = }SjR
nghdL >{LjR fedL nY dL
{L f= nx :qUnbR
.()nw}S R q U ~ i nghdL qhd |U ni qfT nwdQ x|U edeU nT

wzTcT ow<|= xmZh

S US R d_R R f= pUn {S T
k : U n_ > n
{zyxwvu t * rqpo nml
.[ :[U]|
:}LnZU bx

h^L
qd_R
hdL
nL

dY >j>
dB L f>

()

gR fL pi f= cx _> dL >nL }a>


hdL >nL }a> R >nhB >nQ > h[I U }A
dY
rx{U R {S }B nY Y }h`> {S ndU pbx}]R ndU R H
. RncU ()
. fx{U phS = nB hL :}^i ()
296

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

mT |gA :Qn[U nY L
lR T R ()cv mT mX S
L dx {S g@~eR nf= ngx
}\Un= hdR pfh_Y pdT qA
:nS Q n= L Qn[U nY L rx{U R {S @~Y
QmedT cv fY< Siw XjdT :P dU H nS
()=fY< c v Siw

.ini @ inU nefh= naY


@ nR
:QhfYkeU }hY _R }nT }n` }_> {UU n]B \>

.()|<mbdT cK |@ cdw T h X m ^X T |=mQ zT p=mK

nei |U n? pUnY R =
dU R{= x }a>

x hdL U nei pLn]U A


hdL de> i dL nI nA
.=}> x U ex Y}x hU

S n L}I ~n@ }hQ U lR >nh[B b>


-.. : U n_ > n
nT lR U dY w i~B pnU SjR [ :}U].. .

dL
h[B > }> U {=
}x
R nghdL Jn=

ngebx }> U >nh[B U neT i hdL pY}Y


pb]fY d>
.n \x >nh[B dR {A

^U H ng> SY Y nf= Y Yn_U lR f=n= ^U


A
R px}U
>naLn\Y U px=}U phAnfU Y JnB }Y w g>nR}[> T
S gd T nfU Y ^U
" ! : U n_ > n
= ni}Y H phdU
U _i .[ :}U]+ * ) ( ' & % $ #
U }B I U I p_=neU cU >nS{ >nSL =n>
. RncU :}^i ()
. RncU ()
. {x{U = = pQU sgi }I ()
297

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

nS }S {_= L U gR p_=neU nY >nh[U nS w


% $ # " !:hfU Qb_x ph nfU n hTnA Un_>
.[ :Hx]&
._Y U ne> g@ R }[> eZ> af _>
}cR
nbU .new pxnL w nei p]dH qhU = i {U dL
|a i ]fe= {hU px}cL pfc? hU qhU }Y{> = }h`>
pKn^aU
:S hdUn= ZeU ~U pecUn= {x }bY
cH w nei }_>

.R}U
~U ]fY f_U ]fY h= nI ~Un= nZeU hdUn=
{bU gfh= ~> {_U g?R nf= h= ~hheU ne>
@ P dU H {bR n\`U
}> new{A bR
{U _Y
fQ :P U nbR }B
.()mdfeg< pgG

. hbaU }\x Y ()
298

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

mYT ~TmX
ph\S nbeU R ngfL rx{dU nf_R{> pnB phewj= }_Zi U nxn\bU Y
|w rhA }nU ni}[L R nehH nZU nwn>}x U UneU
.>nhA }hY{> R}i n H c> {S nZU px{gU n H c> {S UneU
U UneU w nY nwnh> nZdU `fx U UneU w nY :kU
ngfL n_= `fx
:phUnU nbfU B Y eU |w nfi

ocX o?m@ meT oTmX

w nghdL dU }]R phi{Y


p _hJ niU :bU nf= {x {U R
nbdU gUnY x}B }In_e= hdL de> f@ nf=j= BU _R{>
ni {> ngfY A= p_h]U |w Y n Yni g_Y {U
g=

UneU hcZ> x}B Y U SU U R{i zxnU }R |fY


.nhbdeU fU
R neT i UneU n> SU dL Zx
{= H
.()c R g? e_X A maT: QhfYkeU }hY L rx{U

. pQU sgi RncU ()


299

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

nehH
}hT {R ngU UneUnR
I yUn[Y n }Q b> w pe@
qSU R w x}B Y U =}U Lne@ {h_[U dL
}aU pU~_U nhdH Y U~L Y nZU nehH
ni }x |U
fYk>
L n[i cx ilR

ne= UneU .p=}U }Un= {ex


i Rnb? f`> =}> }H ngilR ngUn> ncR ySU p}R Y U
Q mfSmH m?|T mH X cv w|< zG X :QdL nY nS neT
: }_I hS ()mfTaK

U
}hT hU
oAn
B

}hcU
{A {
L

()

~TmdT

}=
ai deUn= [> pnB H R dedU

:deU w
U nI nffcex rx{U phahT dU phahc=

B{Un= x neT deU U B{U {fL U Un= {U :


\=
T hdL U hR x{@eU dL ox ilR Un= {U
qadi
.() PdU H L rx{U R n@ neT o[w|Q |T
nfU {=
}bx nS d cx L nfw nT n dY ni B i U }^fU
sh B{U = ehR .. >|Y> d _x {Y
}bU
\R o[U U|= }hY \U dL Un= > R}x
U {e_x L
. }R }R x}nU pRn[Y
. pQU sgi ()
()
. }~U dU pe_i {hdU hdH}eU nhi [S
. RncU ()

R }]eU :}^i Q hfYkeU }hY U }_ZU |w oi


R heU fU }^Y R T

300

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

P dU H ph |w deU nin= gfx rhA dU: m ghm>


n= L Qn}U nY L rx{U aR n \x P TdH nT |w dL
pUnw = = {fw UnB L QdL
= U L QhU = dL
L
dx P dU H nT ... :P dU H n nfU cx w nS
U gi ngin]x L gfx TnY Jx }T dL bx
]_x U|= }Yjx deU = gfx rhA d@ S
h[i nd@ T
w cx A }=n Un@ Y fY hdL }T {A nd@ Y {A o x
A Y P dU H}U }]_U }hU |w B Y .()fL }[feU
.x}B }A U ni d _x pdhdU nxnU d>

dU dL } Y _U hdL }x |U dUnR hdL


Y {x U
Y YnY [U R
}[fx ilR deU { R
.H R }cY hY dB w incY dhR bhU hUnU _= } x
pn\Q {x Un_> dU dB }T }I w P dU H nT {bU
A ~heY n incY afU |x deU = gi rhA dU R
nx nT |U =n w Y P fU
w Y }_x nT hdL B{U
() P {eY
cx :nU U

dY U x Y lR phgbaU px~U Y nY


phSB px~U Y |w
gT w T mX T G X :P UbU hdL eA~Y > = U gR
()
x}BU }eU Hx
w \bY afx |w {h= . T fQ cX

|x TnY Jx :US nh= nB in_Y Q n}U nB hL ()


dL {A \ax R = pxnf_U rx{U }^fUn= h[i nd@ T ]_x :US = }_x n dY afU
.fL }[feU w cx A fY }U }g^x hd@ dL }[x }=n Un@ Y US {A
. nU yh :}^i ()
. i}]dU }hcU _eU ()
301

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

:U n_ > US hU nI nY |w UneU R gU yax



bx hdL o@ ne= }edU ox n inhA [ :pUneU]..
{S {@neUnT n_U TnY R n Un@ ZU nT U neT x}B dx
{x}x }B nI {eU U B peU
p@U UneL

.pxn_U gUneLj= nhbU

pinY nh\bY Y U lR ngnZR {L UneU }H }A :m Tm>


~gT mhmXm< ~TmdT :P dU H L x}ZU rx{U R {S

}{U rx{U nT U @ .()hk< @m dbw qwz< zw


z@
i dS {g= nfU {A dL }YvdU h]> pYU pinhB hR deU R
w
}L afU aA pd[Y pY pd[Y pxnL c> nfgR U
:P dU H L rx{U R |U UneU }H nZR {aY Y

G
~cX |@ gQ `G ~cX :~TmX o>> ohmXm< ~TmdT

~cX |@ |Q gQ
.()a@ |g_< |@ mX gQ w

o<dT ~TmdT

p_Rni }eY UnY peR padY {x{L n Li UnedU nB


}hQ
p_Rni }hQ UnY nfgR =nbeU R >}B nhi R niU {haY
UneU Y fU .n hA n hSB U Y ng\_= = {haY
hUn_> nghR d> U }B }T|>
U dU }T|= }Yn_U UneU w

eL n edL }eU {x~> U H


Y }eeU U = U ya>

. RncU ()
. rx{U }Z_U ncA = Y nU p_hZU nH ()
302

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

|gT UnY hU dbU ox}b> R wn> ni f=


:ngew hU P UH}U Un_> dU p=Y UnY w
c^T ncI ~TmX :


p_Rni p=}> {haY pYd_Y U {bx
ni pRnb? R {x~x dY T
ngbaU _= }x |U nL dY w = nY w dL dY w
}T|eU d_U od]= {bU pdhU nhA
n_Un= ngnhA L bx
()}\U

Y }@kx neT An }@kx ngU nhA i w nghR d_U }T|Y :S


.n_Un= nwnhA

:ndY {eU R lR P dU H }B i ned_U _= }x


gcdT S :nbR iUjx Un_> dU L{x dY gbax dY
jv vmT fa`w dc^gQ jv mX cT KzgQ jv mX |gA T
.()f^X z^R > .p c G gc^Tm< [Q

n\A pUnA R {@R _x paHaU {A dL B n ghbR }x


kH UjH hbaU U pUnU |w R w dhaU @R
SnR n hL}I
U nbR U|U n HnfY qSU hU :nS UnU nL}Y = pR p=n@ R hbaU
kH UjH ni hbaU ngx :dhaU
\R pUjeU |g= UnL ni qY
:
.ngecA U }TnR :nS \R inU :nS \R ng= wn@ ni Y
z?mdT ~TmX :m ghm>


{x{L nT}= }hT {R nwnh> {@neU dL } U R I
phLne@ phRnb?
zdT T cA X :QhfYkeU }hY _R phA

. UnY :}^i \R gR d_U }T|e= hdhdU h>nw nhA Y :{[U zhZU nS ()


. nfU -}x \>}eU neU n :hb> inU {hgZdU {x}eU phfY ()
303

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

odbX ow m Q|\X m dcK cT Q m`X m A :md> z@ m


m h |w K |= odcS zv cK T z= odcS dG |]eX od@
.()mg@
ogYA
|aT |R mKzT ~TmX :m Tm>

hR }={ U }bU }S UnY {nR pT}= nge^L UneU ai Y


U UneU Y nw}hQ }T|U nL{U UnY U|T {x> >>
pcR mdcS TmX :nL{U aR dU U p=U n_dU nghR fYkeU ex
pT ogc< T p|K cX g<T ~TmX X |R =|w|G pc zR
.()zgG XzA g< eg< pTm@ XzR
ow|G ~TmdT :m ^<

|w aR ngn\L ngnf= Ync= }H nghR e> U UneU w

UneU
dU nx pUnY ngdTnZY }H ew R {>
A pd
n hdB ngd A TnZeU x]> dL e_U }Y |w R oQ}x H .ngU
phn\bU nbAeU TneU U pdcZeU bi Y }hc= \R {@ w
S
W V U T S R Q P O N : U n_ > n

[ :nfU] d c b a ` _^ ] \ [ Z Y X
=}> |U qhU fx fx @~x {_= nf=n= x
[x gU `fx hR L}L}> |U \A \U hR

naA ShU {U
qh= U S
dL n hLH wnf=

{U
{U
dL }U U|= d B { x dx Rn_hU nU _U

. {[dU n[U ()
H]U zhZdU {geU n[Y }^i UneU ~eA = nL{= }_eU Q x{=n_U x nY nL Y ()
.
304

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

}hY L neT .()hiX cK mT Q R g=n> Y {hax


.QhfYkeU
geXjdT ~TmX :m XmA

dU H L rx{U aR fYkeU nghR bdx U UneU w


nY dU H nx :hS !mfgQ ^=mQ oeT mw X o w :P
nei UneU |w _h]U
Y .()geXjdT ~TmX :nS pfU p

nL ph[i dU }T|= }YnL UnY ngicU pfU nx Y p { L


qhU w Y pe hUn_> }]_U >}hH P fU
nxn }T dU
:=n {A w }hY oJnx Q}SnU nY L rx{U aR R
{i dfU ni dU :qdS H mX Ta= >z= c=
cT mX IdT c= Q b^X h T cT mX :nbR nfI nY bi
< egKiQ bX w cT w cK bh b@ bw n@
h

.()mf?
mga= mdc^T ~TmX :m GmG

Y qinT |U b> n edL {x~> }eU }> nhb> ned_U pUnY


dU
jH i {bR Un_> dU {fL UneU oA
hxU _=

Q bP|w w cT S|S{w X :nS Uni Y Ox}Y = hL


oTmX :Qn[U nY L ()d c K ba\eX Q zw}w c dK |A
.()|A mghzT |H wzT v
. pQU sgi }I ()
. i n= ()
. RncU ()
. i n= ()
. RncU ()
305

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

QmaT Kmd? d^T ~TmX :m ^<mG

nwi ph pxn[S px}cR {i e\> U UneU


|cw niU pe@
{R Y nghR neU UneU e@ \R Y w
neL e\> U UneU
nZU nehH
ni lR ..phnx phghR}>
()oKm< oKmG caT @
: {S UneU |w U pHnY p@n=
mdS d=
caT {v
mfT _<mQ z< d=
:QhfYkeU }hY L
.()bT |I

o=addT ~TmdT

U L{x ngY}x
H ngbex UnY pe? lR =nbeU R
pg@ }hh`> dL e_x hd_R nghR YkeU {@> ngfL n_= ng_JnbY
}cfx Un=
{[x j= dU x

dY U dU \`x dY Y deU


()|m? mX zeK zK odcS mfT [Q lR d^edU }[fx }cfeU
Y ni hd_R }cfeU L }U d^edU n[i ni ]x U
.hR nbU U x deU
:nY UneU |w Y R d]eUnR

.deU pg@ }hh`> pUnY

.ni hd_R ]x U

cT Z^w m cX ~cw XjdcT _ew :Qn[U nY _R

. ne_U ~fT :}^i ()


. pQU sgi ()
. RncU :}^i x}ZU fU rx{U R neT ()
306

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

cTm< Xjw mS X: QfL }B rx{A R .()|gg_= cK zaw gQ


.()XjX gQ m^w mX gQ aew m cX ~cw Q |A gT

dU An
[ x dY dL }x Qn[U n {A nT

mX meS|= ^X pc? mX :QnY U nbR }ZU nj= Un_>


nY S U fY dL
nZx nY bx w :nbR S|= me^X pc?
I
neR }U _R ni :nbx rhA hU x}hcU Y _ei |L |w) bx
.()m ^gd? bgZQ odah < }e= m= mX :QU nbR (}Bn= ijI
:n= Y w UneU |w p_JnbY

.}cfeU L gfU

.}i hZ> {L
.hfYkedU n[i

.ai pY}A w U kx UneU |w _= R YkeU @ neT

}_Y R i w UneU |w R dx eU n h_ }? pe?


dL
.UneU |w w oh[x {S |U =|L inH dU pebi Unf>
: Un_> dU p`eU UneU _= }T|i dx nehR

X wzTm< }fG ~TmX :

:Un_> dU nS dU {fL ngbY UneU `= Y w



. RncU ()
. RncU ()
. RncU ()
307

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT


:inH nS .[ :nfU]

' & % $ # " ! *
.[ :n_i], + * ) (
TG cT cK {bT ~TmX :m ghm>

G|w cT mfadw ~TmX o>> :Qn[U nY L rx{U R


w X gQ (|cw) m cX :vTm= vzKma= Q mfcv cK dah
Z
p]dU nedL Y }hcUnT ncU aeU dY ..mgQ Q m <{S h mT
.>nR}[> U }x n]dU oT R Zex x|U
cT zK zgd= ~TmX :m Tm>

zwz? gQ mezK | S m cX .. :n@ P fL i rx{U pe> R


X gQ m cX
L hR ngx ()c^= ph me K zZw
gQ mh|S

hU ni}I nY |w Y x{U
.
ogZ^dT ~TmX :m ^<

_R nh[_U UnY Un_> dU p`eU UneU pde@ Y


:Qn[U nY _R .new}hQ ph`U nU hS Y }cfeU
nY L }B rx{A R ()cT ZK zaQ cT mgT mG
zeK z^R X
mZh cK zaw od X mX gQ n
w ~cX Q z^R X :Q}SnU
mghzT Q {T cT T ^`w cQ (n[i)
mX xTm cG |A Q <{K
. RncU ()
. RncU ()
308

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

mS X :Qn[U nY rx{A {b> {S ()meQ|^X X gcK cT < X

.()XjX gQ m^w mX gQ aew m cX ~cw Q |A gT cTm< Xjw

}eU H }A
{bR }eU }I dY ph[_eU UnY }= Y
c= :QhfYkeU }hY L rx{U aR ng=nI p_JnbY U nL
nfadH {S (){Ajw X zw z^T kQ
|dT mfgcK |Yw zmX cK
}x
= ex}= cx U n hI `= Un_> dU YnU eU R

Y gR hU pxkeU nY{beU T
{H

T
ilR }eU }I }A
nY{fL

}eU }I pL }A
ilR |U U{> }eU ni U pxkeU U
nw}[L }A
c> U
U|T U R ngfY nax U|U {_Y
n hai ~@nA dx i }hB }@ |w phew
..ng>{nY dL dU

x}BU ex{b> }[L }eU {nY dL dU nefh= }U n>


ng=}I U }fx
{S neY
ngwn> afU ~@nU |w nbHl= qSU Y haT

|dT P cT G ^T :nS :Rn= L dL


= {x L rx{U aR
mfcXm@ mf<mH mfed> S mfgRmG mfw|YX mf^m< mv|Z^X mv|mK
.()gT oTddT

w ph[_eU UnY H }]B Y {A U nfw hfU fegx

ph`U gYU dTjx x}B }L =n nfx rhA ph`U dY


.UneU pR w }Y pbhbA R

. RncU ()
. RncU ()
. {[dU n[U ()
. RncU ()
309

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

g|dT w|bdT ~TmX :m XmA

gU rx{A x|U nhi{U n UnY


nU neU rx{A
UnY ngi Un_> dU p`Y pYY|Y UnY w n= }?ncU
Un_> }U
fx odbU qhex neY

}`U }cU p H ngfY a>


U :ncaT dw < :nS fL }x nehR P fU
hU Y}x nY w |w
:nS >eU nY :P dU H nx hbR !=dT oTmX :nS
eP
S
.()|X

R i w Y Unx oAn[x niU oHnfeU Y lR e_U dL


nL{Y i neT hdL phgU pe_fU h^L nZT nL{Y U UneU U
hU d@ n fhcY nT QnehdH dU i }x Un_> dU }cZU
dU x :P dU H H :rx{U R ()m egbX ~Tm? gbX :nS
.()f<cR |bedT zeK :nbR
UneU R phb]U Y i x}c> U L{U }T ne= {[bi i
Y|Y }Y |gR T gUnY }badU gUnY nhfQU chU
= {hTj> c=
nhfQ pbJ Y }x = {x f`UnR
.phb]U ~@U }T U L{i nfi

pe_f= }_ZhU nf= _Y o][x = x w~x }baU UnhU


.U U }baU f_Y w hU ghdL dU

. {[dU n[U ()
hcUnU nx nhA ox|g> R n\hU peU U~`dU x{U dL nhA ()
. x{@nU {hH pah }I R
. i n= ()
310

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

o\cdT ~TmdT :m GmG

SeU w neR nfU n@}U nghR ex U w p]deU UneU


UneU |w Y
hR qhL H R n Y}Y hU hfU B :U
:phUnU }ZU

B{Y pgZdU nY n x}Y B cx


pUnA R neT n]hZdU
neT mdfTm> m\gYT mS }Y @ dB nY ilR i @}U B
rx{U R
.()x}ZU fU

B pSnhdU {A L n_= {L pa_U peZU nL}Y


UnY ngd T nfU nghR ex U eU nf`U S}U UneR
S }heU cU nf@ Y {=
: U n_ > n
U|T Un_> dU ng\`x pY}Y
.[ :~A]A @ ? > = < ; :
ggT[`T ~TmX :m ^<mG

{A
U nghR }Y [x U H ngw}cx U UneU Y
x|U nI U UnY w hhU\aU UnY :x}U
gR pRnb? dL R x R n hI gUne= ni afx
nB{U }I Un_U \U hbU ~eU gd U }dU UnY
}U gd U haU ~eU }x
U H @ .hT
mdS d=
caT
mfT |gQ
z< d=
:QdL

bx neT i
ncaT kQ
:QnS ()odbT |I
oKmG z^< oKmG caT @

. {eA {fY H nL ()
. pQU sgi ()
311

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT

cdR
phL}ZU {U nx ni dL cU .()dK | S
`fx U {U Y .\dU U|T {A ~eddR {A I
w
y[x rh= UneU |w nY R qSU gH {L :ng>nL}Y
L {h_= ~eU gdU \U UnY nh> w QnZU d`I ni
U P dU H B i }x ..phfx{U >n@ phLne@ >nhUY
pYL :UnbR {v X :jR @ A h_eY pLne@ {@R {eU
n_In= phdwnU nx
}_U nij= d_x i :UnS oX^T mX :nbR
? dcK X `ew cf? X |[w
cK :PfU
nbR ph=}_U

vA
mX odmR oeG oTmK o[w|Q odbX ow :o>> c^T mdh :nS

!nfxnA R nfUnY R \aU }T nY ()[Q

. i}U hY = Q hfYkeU }hY pedT pY }I ()


. RncU ()
312

<mT dT

mgT |X mYT
omw|T mYT :
o@mgT mYT :m ghm>

313

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

hY nZU h@ p nB ni {U n hRnB hU


}eU U n
p@n= c> {S nZU pdA}Y ngfx nhi{U |de= neH gd U
=n[U }eU U pUa]U pdA}Y nfHn= px}e_U A}eU }nH Y }T
:hhHnH h]bi hR nfi |U eU |w ni{bL {bR }Y |w phew

Y L}ZU
SeU pnx}U nZU L nghR rx{U {x :T

.U
nwnLn= nZU nghU hex U pAnhU L nghR rx{U {x :oghmT
.nhi{U |de= neH }wn^Y {A

315

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

omw|T mYT
Y YncA >n_x}Z> R d]fx U{L h]H c= H
e_> padeU px}]aU
>nd]Y ni n[B L}> phLi
yUn[Y

n[U |w Y .ngfhYj> dL
nZU nehH

ni i px}]aU
R n@ bx U f x
gd U }eU Y I U nx = >nA T
p@nU |w YH
x}ZU L {bR d]feU |w Y .}U

nY L {S }B nhi{U h= R pLfeU ni nd]Y h=


hiS =|A dK z< g^= hiS mghzT dK :nS i QU
S }U nd]Y {U nd]Y h= ()zP d=
3 : U n_ > n
[ :}L]..= < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4
}S
|U n_U sYni}U {U nd]eU phd> p=nH ex }eUnR
.}U nd]eU phd> ex H
@nA d>
nZU nehH
ni ng= `Zfx U }U gdU pLnH
U f hU xhA JnZi {x{> dL {Ln> ngi = oR U|U ph_h]U

nw}hQ pxnU phLne@ pxn_U UneL n_Y


phdLnR nS c=
}h> dL }e>
ngi px}ZU afU n[B Y lR SU R pxhA

.@}R n b=nH rx{U n[Y qY{b> ()


316

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

gR {A
:x}ZU fU
rx{U R {S }hh`U U n>
e>

.()o[w|`Tm< bgc^Q |< c`eQ pcR kQ m< mR cacT

R RfU

.dbU n= nA
Y a U U L{x fU
|gR

}aU fex pdgU peU p_x}ZU w HU cex R nfw Y


px}]R
phini
pUnA w ~U neT }aU ~U fex
f cex neT

.ni nghU nx
nghR d > U pegeU
n]eU _= U }hZi dx nehR
x}ZU ph_S

:pLfeU >n@nhA ni p_h]U >nL}Y YH

mv}edT mg=

hY w UnaJ UnhL L ai L hR}U ~fU U ni hex


pw~fU d]x w~fx RqhU w Y pe nT {S }ZY _hJ

:Qn}U nfU nS :nS Qn}U nY n _= L rx{U aR


eU :nf\_= nS qx~U :nf\_= nS dU :nf\_= nbR }?
me^`h mdQ xcdT mdc_T h meT ov}h T me?|A zaT xcdT < :w nbR
.()meQ|Zh @ Y<
eU paU ~fU
od]x ni dL }A pn\Q R nfw Y
:|ZT cw o>> :QU = L rx{U aR nI ngin=
.()T ?T T |]eT mT mdT T |]eT |[T T |]eT

nghU }^fU {Lnx phHnH }nfL p?? dL eI rx{U |w Ai

. pQU sgi :}^i QhfYkeU }hY L }Y w RncU ()


. S}dU HneU ()
. S}dU HneU ()
317

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

}nf_U e> U w ngai }nf_U |w qRU .afU


nh> dL

pfU e> U phHnH


pf @ h_i nfU Un_> dU jT ngU J ng}L
: w p?U }nf_U }B R pf @ nhi{U R

A }\B dU }[x pf U fL y |[T


S }\B w pfU w nU U
: U n_ > n
.[ :ni]

S ax ncx pf U ngi L x}cU }bU rx{A mgdT


: U n_ > n
nx Y U }hQ U [ :p=U]..
.pTneU
U B Y pf U R }RY n \x }[f_U |w T ?T
S h_U
.[ :p_SU]@ ? > * < ; : U n_ > n

|T fcT |dT

p@n= }S w YH
x}ZU ph_S nghR {>
U phinU p]eU

}T gR }h`[U nY .}hcU }h`[dU pfUn= H }U gdU U ni


nfw Y }eU |w Y U n> pUa]U pdA}Y o_dU gdU p@nA
H L rx{U R {bR U p@nU |w hYj> } dL rU

zeK mS X :P dU
ilR }hcU nZU |cw .()T mZgcQ

{S ai L hR}U U n inhA nx
=n nex nT P fU

:pcR o<mK gQ XjX X mX :nS QdU {L = L rx{U R


ph[I
cx fY n =d]Y hU YkeUnR .()}dT :mR o<mKzT mX

. hbaU }\x Y ()
. RncU ()

318

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

nhU U pbd]eU px{U


ngcd e> _U nghdL }g^x penZY

.pe>nbU U

@}U {R qd_@ :qdbR QU n= qUjH :nS rx{U R


T mX i< :maQ c\x A~ex T gfh= }hR bU Y cx
<|K g=iw mS P cT G
:nS ? aU f L i qff^R bw
P cT G [gQ mewzv d> me\K :hmbX aw > owzfT
T zfgQ

^Q mX :aw P
.()mhm= gT <|K
mS

|`T zg^T

x}ZU ph_S L }_>


nd]eU >nL}Y YH
U pUnU p]eU

.nghR x~U }eU gdU pHneY nhL phL}Ze=


}S w ni

v u pfx~U x nLn= {h_U L {> nx _= Ai


TjeU nx{gU x{b> dL }B [i r>
neT [ :J]x w
i w) UnaU QhfYkeU }hY nY U {w i {bR |x|dU
mhh :nbR fU x R (dU Y
R U nT :hS w S
.()w S mh?|fX :nbR n@}geU

R nY w neT {h_U x nY nf`U }x n hgbR n x pe? lR |cw


U R rU U R U nx}U _= U nfH U }L
.gbaU
neU U TY

. RncU ()
. {`= zxn> ()
319

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

m ^gY= o GmdX omw|T

nZdU nehH
pnx}U dL Zx
H lR nhU |w R
phi{U

bA Y U T dL nx}U _= f>
n _Y afdU dU p@nA ngi

o@mT S dc K :fL nehR P dU H nS {U dL {UU


bU eeU {L Y n Li e> phi{U pnx}U L hwni |w ()owmX|T
.[ :nai] : U n_ > US R {fR

YH x}ZU lR {U hwjU nx}U ox{U phew

_= dL nw}U n= {S phUneU nfw}eU nebU }Y R {Z>


Y Q}Un=
pnx}U i
nfYnx R YnbY bx nY hU nH pxnY}U w px{U

:}hgZU fU
rx{U R {S }c_U ox{dU {_eU nhUnT

Q G
.()Zh |Qm@ A
m]`T <[T

ni p@n= }Ln= eeU n_U {eU U }hZ> n]eU |w

_= dL a>
x{U YH
x}ZU cU
~fU gdU }eU U

p]x}I }ZY }aUnR hS = _U ng= |Bjx U nHneeU


|Q < |w YkeU na R {S h]U }]U U kx
}eU }h[x gaH S}U n H }aU }h[x ()|X < g\w
:U n_ > US hU }hZx nY |w aB Zh]U n H
}eU lR nbU QHY n]B R U [ :[bU]
.}eU phQn]U nS hR S |U }]U w pax}ZU px R }aUn=
RncU ()
. RncU ()
. RncU ()
320

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

mfaQ|w mX Tm^T iS mwmX

nf= {x
new |> U pHnfeU w Un_U jT pHnfY dL ]i
nZU new ox ni f= Y nhdeU ne= hxeU nY

nfw x}R nfw x}aU


_hZ> phnx nxnY Y }x nY p_=ne= deU
U phL}ZU nAneU pAnY e B{x w hdL nQ }ZY }Y w
R}x {S i AeU cU
..}U gdU }eU U ni p@nA d> {S

nhdU _= phnx}U nxneU Y nw}hQ Un_U jT pHnfeU |w


:ng>}neU pUnY R nghU }^fU qadi {=
U
pY[U {A
U [x {S |U }R nLneU h= {U :
nedc= ^ad> J L ni }B
}Y

}Y w aU oU
@U _= U }Y }eU }A
{S Un_> dU Ai nfi .n L}I

:ngex}> @ R Un_> nS nfU h= {_U n`\U }hx U :ngfY


< ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Y }hcU hR bx nY |w [ :{neU]E D C BA @ ? > =
[> nY[U gfh= oZfR nxneU d> _=nY Y w}hQ nZU

ngH h@~U h= J
nA L L nH nf_Un]> n inhA p_h]bU
nhi
R Tnegi phi g\_= neT }B x}R }hQ x}R U negfY T
nxneU d> cR ng>nS L nw}Bkx
[U >a> nxneU p_=nY
.Un_> dU }T L n
}aU _ZY Y x}hcU S nY
n]U nZU |Y R phnx}U

_= n A nI dY }Y gR g>nY}T x}B nH{bY dL


Y oLeU Y pxneU pnB px}cL phfY }R {L U }]\> {U
321

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

gdU nghL}I ngxaL L nxgU |w }x |U }Y o`ZU


R n Y}Y }Y {`hH ilR nI aA nL} U >
o_dU
< oKmdT Q nKzdT nw
:bx Q}a_@ n= q_eH :rx{U
cT
.i aU S w rR}U .()qQ

g|x nfU nLl= e> nxneU |w R}> U phinU phdU :m ghm>


}Y [x nhU = n_S}aeU J B Y gA S
n}U J {A
n\U ncI Y U }hQ U ..U
U _Un=

j= A x}B nL pY}= ngbaU _= R {S _eU dU

()
nhU =j= Un= neR nhe]dU phfhU UneU }bU }S
.gA}U pL~eU Y nwi n_S}aeU
nfw}eU zR
:m Tm>
R w}hQ nZU Y }hcU S w pUnU phdU

R{x hfw}eU
Y }HnU .y=}U x}aU dL nw [x rhA phUneU

}bU f= n L}I }eU }heU nebU Y i |w y=}dU n fh_Y n `dY


.x}cU

nx}dU n fe? R{x nY B Y }x|> neU {x{> w p_=}U phdU :m ^<


|T nhU dL > ]U R R}> U n]RnhU [U
}hQ U H ~`> U U|= pnU nhU n_S}aedU n fe? R{x nY
dL {g> U Y |w U nf>n_eY n> U nhI Y U
n_U Y {x{_U h> qincU }baU nxU ng= }U
nhI |w
x
a U pSeU {g]\eU _ZU _U ng= }U
U pY{_eU
>
.ngY ng>nin_Y Y n hI
. S}dU HneU ()
. - h= bR i ]B phU H nT R ni}T nY U A HdU }^i ()
322

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

nJ }A pYn_U Y dL {_U
w pYnU phdU :m XmA

nY pxnfU g>n@ g>nh= nghU nfU ~i o= ng_]S nS}]U R


.neU pT}A h_x

hdU {U bx }wn^U |w R}> U nhdU }xneU _= |w


x}hcU nA R }hcU _\U |w w nxneU |w fL Zc> |U
egx nxneU |g= d`Zfx rhA phYH phfJU g>nhUke= nfY
\R ghUnw w}H n> g>n@ g>nhUke= gYnew Y }T ng=

pYn_U ninxn\S Y Lnai w :heU H}= kU bx gY nxn\S L


!{bU }T nxnY Y Lnai neT pnU

323

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

o@mgT mYT
nZi w qR cZ= nZU h@ hU |fx ini
nZi pAnhU

= Y n= hR}U nH Y pdhH gR nxn`U {w fY

phef> hZf> R }hT nw{e_> xeU n[Y Y {[Y pR}_eU


Hn= pnB pxn`U |gU px{U pU{U jZi {S .nwn[S
|@ pUnY AnhU nZfU L ~x~_> dL e_U ngahK pAnhU
.phAnhH ~T}Y cU pnB TnY phg> hh_> ohUnH Z= nhU
p]Zi Zx w pAnhU Y H SY L nY :kU
n hdH n aSY ngfY bx phAnhU

mfQzv o@mgT h

bf> {gU nd= gR {L


nLn= ngehb> pAnhU xf> cex

:U

pAnhU w neH ~fU


U ngAn {gx :ogfgQ|= o@mgG
.nfinY R p}U

Un_U nZcH pR}_eU nT U {g> :ogcX i= ogQ|^X o@mgG


.p_h]U }H
324

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

bJ hR {_dU {bY


o@mgG
ncY nx nY ngR{w :ogew og@

R }hU B Y dU U n]bi nfU L n_= nY


h_Y
fx

.nw~U
pAnhH R nU w neT {dU
hR[eU

pAnhH U bf> YH
SeU nd= pAnhU fL ngi neT

i |gU }_i dx nehR U|U nh= {x~Y >jhH pY}Y }B pddY


.ngfY YH
SeU nh= Y pAnhU Y

ogfgQ|T o@mgT

h= > phini n@nU dY L}> U h_S Y nYni


nfadH neT H }S
{bR }B nhi{U n@nA }U {U nd]Y
nL Y haU ai L hR}U U ni p@n= pb=nU }baU R
mdS d=
caT {v
z< d=
>nS e_U p=n> ngJ` nhU
U |w deU pUnA Y }U dL fY n }A .()bT |I mfT _<mQ
{bR n _Y }U {U oh[>
U phghR}U p]Zi dY H A
phnx}U neL I
.phSB hbU Rnf> ni phini U >

phi{U p]Zi Y nw}hQ hU T nU pAnU pxnY}UnT padeU


}^x U pRngU phfaU
p]Zi de= nhbU Y inex U |cw .px}caU
.nw}hQ pgTnaY }Y ~Y Y e\x ne= }U gdU

ghR}U AnhU nZfU Y =nx aSY >jx nhU |w R


ngfx ngwne= nfH pSU p_h]U }Knfe= neH U ngU
{gU hx w Un_> nS nfadH neT afU L yx}U ph`= ngUne@

. pQU sgi ()
325

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

:nihU dB Y
" ! * *
1*/ . - , +* ) ( ' & % $ #
rhA [ :fU]: 9 8 7 65 4 3 2
:{aU Y hLi n_iU }T Un_> i Ax
ngYU Y naH w pR}_eU pxneU {aU : eT
! nwgK Y ngR nwd@
.4 "
phghR}U {aU :hmT eT
. 5 phUneU

S n \x ndU Y R neghU nI {i n>T|eU n>{naU


n
O N ML K J I H G F E D : U n_ >
}U w oR pxnY pahK U hU ndUnR [ :}L]Q P
nghU }hI phUne@ pahK n \x U = }U
}U Y S U {U Y

.ndUn= eU x~U L pxnfT x}U L pedT B Y n x}

neT pxf_eU phUneU {aU nh= dL x}cU }bU }A {bR |cw


# " ! :inH nS neU dB R pxneU {aU
[ : H @ :}U]' & % $
f e d c b a ` _ ^ ] :nS Y ~L
nS
.[ sU H @ :]g

Y X W V U T S R Q :n \x nS
g f ed c b a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z
.[ :efU]m l k j ih
326

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

phHnH }Q w nx |w R nghU nZeU n\fU pgU pfx~UnR


.phw g= >
dL neU dB R inH dU [bY

nY {> {nbY H [f= pJnA :bU pB

pxhU {x{> }U dL r_> U p]Zi dY Z


x ij= ZdU
hU .}>U dbU p=vcU R R wn> px{U phafU pA}U
_U Y{bx |U [U
nx pd[= H U qex
= n h

g@ {eL H L
nhi{U |de= neH }aU R}x ij=
L n_= pU~_U ~i {Zfx x i ngwne= nfH
ncI T
.gdU }aU
ov}eT ncI od

}]hY }i |U T|eU [U
A{> U {wZU y Y _U

ne^L H nS }hH dH w HU hfeU _= dL A


P fU gH dL
neT -P fU

L }L {bR RqhU w pe
pax}^U pA~eU pah]dU pR}]U neH ox
=n nex nT i nfadH

n f_]Y hR {x U _U A n \x QhfYkeU }hY L }L nY |w



f x ge[L Q inT Rpe {i |cw !()p=nL hR
n _= L yh[U rx{U R {bR phghR}U nw~fU R }U
{L hB ~fY U fY bi {S {@R h= U {[S i Qn[U nY
U U>
hB ~fY U @}U ow|R {eY
= dU
R oU L UjH neU
ngdbi {b>
}B px R n@ {S ()ov}eT ncI :QnS ~feU |w
. }]U zxn> :}^i ZU p[S R n]U = }eL L U ()
Y nU p_hZU nH negfL RncU S}dU HneU ()
. rx{U TneU ncA =
327

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

g_Y |Bjx UnhL Y{B Y ~fU


U }x nT Qn}U nY
.()eU T = {[b= (nI n R}B) n ihA
!oZgA o@mgG

phghR}U ngR{w L }f> {S pAnhU U hfU Y {=


@
w neT eeU R nR nR pdhH U > pL}ZeU px}U
Jn_> }i pLnI nU fU dL {e_> U pAnhU R nU
|w H {bU {x{ZU H Y .nwH {eUnT nY}eU
}R> nwn[S R nghdL {e_> U {U Y }hcU q pAnhU
Y .peeU }^U hgU pRnT U|= hQ}dU
nx _h]U

niU n fhgY icU hbU BU >nRnfeU pAnhU Y fU |w H


.Y}cU n hY

ogQmaT o@mgT

nZT U {g> w phRnbU pAnhU w pAnhU Y inU fU


phU
}H peTnU ffH phdcU fhiS cU wnY
>nfnT }heU

px}= }? Y x> nY Y fT Y nghR nY p=U _hJ pLfeU


.px}=
mwm_T f`dT

Yn_U phahT R }hT n == ni nY yax pAnhU Y fU |w


ngi> nw}bH nhdU ax ne= ng>}? Y naH p_h]U Y
rx
_h]U
Y nT |U xU cU Y }hcU px}ZU ofx

. HneU ()
328

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

.phnacU n@U Y nU _= R nT ne= = H hdL Zx


nw{hTj> B Y pex}cU nx _= pAnhU Y fU |w U }hZ>
ghdL nY ni fU }Y pdU|Y T dL
R }hx
{_U nR L {h_= ng>}hB Y {hax nw}H aZcx ngTnfY
S
A @? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 : U n_ > n
.[ :deU] B
?{A pR}_Y zxnUn= [x phR}_eU pAnhdU }B {w nfw
nL dL fhiS
x
pY}[feU n\U {nU Y dL }_U

nfeU nxnb= n? bfUn= pdeeU phU


phxnU n?U B Y

ng>n\A Y d> nhA dL hU }hB gR U }hQ {=n_eU bU


:}LnZU nS neT pRnb? L Y = q_ e> nY
n? U ni {_= }^inR

nfhdL {>
nin? d>

h R QdL
nY S pAnhU Y f_eU |w U }hZx ne=
cR mS X |dK
|dK
S T h e< :QU nYU
z K @ v m> Q |G
v mA Q |bQ
f TmdK Q |]h
zaQ

.()vz@iS

gYnhS o= pUnA}U obd= ned_U _= }L {S


{S .Un_U {d= nb I U pLfeU }aU A}Un=
nghR a A}U oc= qR}L pnB oT R g>{wnZY h?= YnS
L dh[a>
T
cZ= ?{>
neT gZh_Y g>nhA nei ginx nfU

ngi hU }ZU }U p=}U nU L ?{R .gfhL nY

. pQU sgi ()
329

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

pJ]= = pdA }h@ = pdA A}U |w Y }gI nU


.A}U j= } L neU |w R nB nfx{U }= |cw new}hQ

og@|T o@mgT

{g> U phfx{U phA}U pAnhU w pAnhU Y rUnU fU bx


B Y nU n_> nLnT phYnH phSB phfx pxnQ hb> U
ngI}L dL pxnU {eU {nU Y n? p^AY R }hU
lR }fU gYn^L pH{U wS heUn^U TnY [S R YjU

U ni {h_x pheU }ne\U pdRn`U dbU Sx pAnhU Y fU |w


S pbh\U nbA }`U d^U L {_x i> {I
o : U n_ > n
~L
nS [ :efU] w v u t s r q p

^ ]\ [ Z Y X W V U T S R :@

i hgfedcb a`_
.[ :}U]s r q p o n m l kj

bL ya> neU nR R pdYjeU phA}U pAnhU neT


{x }h[U odbU h_= =
}hR neH >na UnU dL ni
Zcx QnfeU HnfeU yhaU cU |w ecA Un= >{S h^L

n^fU {A nLn= hi{A dL {x


Zcx = oR UnU @ L

wnfYU d_U p`UnU pecU L n \x Zcx neT ^feU


{A dL {>
S .cU |w }={eU
: U n_ > n


y x w v u t s :n \x nS [ :sU]
.[ :cf_U] ~ } | {z
330

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

mw}T rT o@mgG

phfx pdA nfw lR U U


deU dL H ng@ pnB phA

Q U hU {g> nY e Y pRngU sU pdA w h]eU


Y b_U afU }hg]> nxn]U i|U Y dbU
ncI T

w Y pe P fU
nx {_> .vfZU {bU `U
lR nhU |w L nx}U R hdL {hTjU rU
neY

R h=
}U
pA} bUn= d_dU nfU @> }Y

w hU nx~U {w
~x
^_ x }~U }_x w }hc= U Y eL ngR{w = ng=

n\H }bU oAn Bj= d U dL de_x n xf_Y n hA


.x{w ehUn_>
oX|dT og@|T o@mgT

eL }_x phA}U pAnhU Y n Li pe? U hfU {x


}ZY }hQ
= o@mgG :P dU H nS pw}eU pAnhU w H R
oghmv X Q ~gT :fL nehR P nS ()G Q nv|=

.()cH f_x o@mgG

phghR}U pAnhU w qhU nwH nx}U R ngfL gfeU pAnhU


]S }aUn= pdeeU phR[U _= {fL pR}_eU pAnhU w = phRnbU
Un_> dU U n]bi ow}U
{g= @ dL nhgU nRneU

.nh_U w L n_= ng>|dY nhi{U nf@ Y U n bR}Y


\R f_eU |g= ngfL gfeU pAnhU }ha>
h= hdL n _eY iT L

. }h`[U YnU ()
.}hQ sU U }aU = Y nU rx{U p_hZU nH ()
331

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT

dL pU ng Y ngai nx}U = {gZ> nY gR ()hedeU nedL


:P dU H}U qdS :nS _^Y = neL =n[U L nY U
kQ
^`= mdK mw :P nS nUn= U pAnhUn= f?{> ai
.()mfT }_T X o@mgG

:nS }a_@ = HY nY hB L }a_@ = dL


}B rx{A R
qh= R ow}x
R yhx yd[x w deU @}U L UjH
.() :nS fY }x

hedeU _= neU H S qR}L {S phw}U pAnhU {x


{Y R Y n S]i ngg@Y dL eL U P fU
R ngHneY
P }i |U nhU L n]bi ow}U
R Y pAnhH dL :n> {Tkx
R neT [U n^i {@neU ~U Y pAnhH j= : J }Y
neT ngU
.()nh[U R Y pAnhH j= :pUn? ()}B rx{A

hL p_x}I R pfY qinT phw}U pAnhU ned_U _= }x


Y nT :(yhH nY) x}U eY R x}]U pY_U bx .()Q

nwnY L qR}i ngi {x cU U R yhU QhL }I


e d c :Un_> US Y }g^x neT pL}ZeU {U {_>

.[ :{x{U]o n m l k j i h gf
. >gdU nfbU ZT nbU {eL :neU hH dL @ ()
. = fH R nY i ncA ox|g> ()
sU U }aU = Y nU p_hZU nH fL }a_@ = dL nY ()
.rx{U }hQ
. nHU {Y @ ()
. ai {[eU ()
. i{inedU RncU }I i n= :@ ()
332

mgT |X mYT :<mT dT


}_Y ()phw}U pAnhU n \R pAnhU gaY J
H

nh[Un= pAnhU }ha> .dU dB R YjUn= nh[Un= ngUn= c> pAnhU


" ! :Un_> US }ha> R T|eU @U {A w
z y x :inH US [ :p=U].. $ #

~ }|{
}haU p {Tkx nY nx}U _= R {S .[ :x}U]
h>T|eU hx R pAnhU }ha> R }B n g@ nfw {h= ()T|eU
neT {=n_eU {@neUnT >nL dU }T TnY U }hU ng= }eU w
.()x}aeU _= U }bx

U y
dR ( i n=) pfH h?? {dU R nH i dYn_U x{U ng= zhZU U oi ()
ne=}R pfU ncUn= n_U hdU hbaU w hT fL gfeU fU Y c> U AnhH y@}eU Y lR
Y ned_U _= nR neT i pH{beU TnY nx \aU n= ned_Un= nbU {g= AnhH qinT
{Un= Ynew dQnZY }T Y nehH pAnhU }Y R }eL Y pfH h?? ngU zhZU {gx {h_U
.( px{U pxngi pY{bY :@) gfx kI R hU nfU pYnL n_@}Y hUjU x{U
. RncU :@ ()
. ~heU @ ()
333

@dT
|w|T dbh X :() R cX
< |X Q :() R cX

335

@dT

() R cdT
()
|w|T dbh X
}ai }ai nfU x
naU ~_U }T n[i }x}U }T R
{x~Y dL ~a> ngi px} pL}ZY A}R he@ n[i _]R ~_i

> nw{x}x ng>n[in= }a> pYU {x}x _U n[i Y


}hQ pY w hU ngYnx {e>
n^d=
ng>n[in= > pY ~_U
.pY}cUn= pb }hQ nhUn= }x{@

m? a@ :|w|T

{ei
nh\U T
w = nfU x
}x}U }T R
nfhdL o@ A
UncU @ }H n=|L {gZU nY Y n[i |w qi U
lR nfU }
{A Y yfe> U e? Y n Yx >j> U j> U px}U

]_x nY pbhbU R |w Un`U eU |= |Bk> bUn= ~f> ngi =


.=}U eU R nfadH neT ngehS px}U
hdL o> }x fhL qSU R ilR n SbA }[feU ]_x }x}U nT
:nhUkY n@

{S . nx zxn= nfU -}eH {d= phfhA R }x}U pYnbeU {hL pHnfY R qhbU pedT Y ()
gi phdeL R fY {=
} n\aT px}U L rx{A Y =}U eU R n@ ne= n ]= nfw nwnf@
.pY
337

@dT

zxnU ._h\i
n[i ai :n@U d> U
n[i f pegY Y pbZY nfL }T w n[i aA pegY nfedL {S
.ai
nfU ~> R }x}U n[i eci :n@U |w in?
Y w x h]dR dL n>}A h]dR w ohdH J pdY
n L q ne? =j= nwLn= {bU !hedeU }_U nYnew
!nw}x}> {= ngfY }U
dL de_R ghdL

A {_= nJ nf= phUkY w :nhUkeU rUn?


lR |RnfU Y _x nU Y }B |U AU {x}x Y {bL
n]L neU {_U hS nH dL nJ nf= R wnx hdL
T
.{dU }e_> nJ }b>
{_UnR bA A

mh |w|=

}x}U eT w :nfai ji w = }hcaU nfY~dx nY w Y

cU A @ Y eT {S e^_Y R }x}> cx {S
ngh ~Q w pY n |U ~`U w bR U w A w
afU ~Q b_U ~Q L neR oR
B}x x}x ngSnZL px}U ]U hU i {bL ilR |gU
phinU ]Un= {i }x}> pT}_Y {_= nfhdL pT}_eU decx A
.ni }x}> pT}_Y w
nfU }h`[U {dU |w R hU ni }x}> pT}_Y {fU qSU x U
=}_U
JU |w {Y dL = oR
YH

338

@dT

dc> ~> U phdwnU n Y ni }x}> dL e_i


pd>nbU phan]U phw|eU nh[_U @ Y ni }x}> dL e_i
ni }i gU @ nbA i Y ni }i
dL e_i
. nbR pHnhH {H }hi Y

ilR x}cU h_U R bA _x U px}U }w@ _x U nfinilR


B{x {S ~`U A lR nU Y eU }]x n]H U A
Y nbU d^U @x }U
nbeU }ndU cex |U nZU Y hU

d^dU R}U SeUnR B{U R Un^U Y Unx =nx nU

h d Y cU
LhfdU QdL
ngUnS {S ~x cex
()
h= QdL
{fL }R . m hK c]dcT m dZA Tm]cT mhS :UnH

dK nT .~x {_U ~x d^UnR }B d^Y h= .}B UnK


}I

Y dU g@eU nhbU L{x n R}Y n hS @nU {_U


B{U R {HnaU TnU {eU dK lR
. L ]B bx

a^T |w|=

yf> cex ni }x}> pT}_Y


b_U }x}> dL e_Un=
nw}x}>
ph_U }Bn= ngi jJ q> ng=n |U }caU ~`U Y
.pU|eU qfY A }BU d> n hai ~gf> pY
_@ nY {hdb> U
L nfw {> }U
eU Y b_U }x}> dL n hin? e_i

nR U d]fhU neU }H Y _fx {=


b_U |gR YH b_U
_> h= H{b> hR h_U neU U _> h= }hT }aR beU

. pQU sgi ()
339

@dT

|w }h`= i .dbeU }_U {U fY gd> L= }bU neU U


w {eU b_UnR ]i U {i U nfilR nfhnY nfxnU px{bfU p_@}eU
.}hh`Un= dx nY U d]x eZU U }^fx |U

`eT |w|=

}x}> dL e_U w }x}U pdA R w


]U nfYnY b>

pT}_eU ngi bx Y ni qU w
pT}_eU ngi @ .afU
i w

Y _@ {S =n Y eU ngUnS {bR U bx Y w P dU H
:UnS |S
mfT
fgcK a< |_
mfT [ R a< m @|X :pT}_eU

.()~`eT mf? :mR dU H nx }T ngU nY

nhi n Y A zxnU }Y
dL }hT :pA}[= ngUS iL
}T ngU pT}_Y R H }` ngU pT}_Y R i R
UR Un=
afU nY Y~gi cU {_U Y~gx Ln]H
nY
ahK> n[i `H [U U U> x{Y n`J U
g>}QjR p]dU pdA}Y U U pdA}Y Y dbi nY{fL p[hB pbx}]=
g f e d ng=nL dL nxn ]bR ngwn@ ngRnB~= p]dU
SB
}U pdY p@nU c> nfw Y .[ :d_U]k j i *

nY o= phini afU x}B dL nU nh`]U Y afU fex


Y }hcUn= d> phini ng= c> {S dU U he> {S ~}Q Y cde>
ng= ni }_Zx }Y
}`Un= n[x |cw n _x} x}> {_=
:pU{U hU feU bx ngY>

ph[ZU \=

p Sn fY
}^i
nw|hL
eI
ehR

ZU o>

. RncU ()
340

@dT

S > ai _Y ni U kx {A

: U n_ > n
dx {S afU nh`J
nY
afU :nfdS Uni [ :ph?nU]% $ # " !
} {I
T|eU SB }U U ni nbR nA R {`> {S Un=

.()ge? g< T `h zK zK Y[B {L Y ngAn dL

U }x}U pegeR B}i nfhdL lR |gU


A peR ..{_= f>

U dL >jx ngAnh@ A Y }]B nAnh@


nghdL bx U phSB pY^feU nh@n= pdeeU peLnfU nAnh@
SB naU pdx}U }Zi w nh@ |w pdhH .nbeU nf_eY
A [x peLnfU }U |w R {_U nx .Y|U afU }I
gfY _U Y }Zx g>h= R naU }ZfhR YnS U Y}U U
px ~`Y {i _SU {gZeU |w nY !{fL x}Y U gUx

\ [ Z Y X W VU T :pTneU
.[ :sU]e d c ba ` _ ^ ]

.n b=nH rx{U n[Y qY{b> ()


341

@dT

() R cdT
()
< |X Q
..pfU }> Z> nedcU > }Y R
@ n anB n hgY }eU B{x x}L U
.

pBhZU pdA}Y {= {bR }g^U {Y = bx ne@ dL


h_> qi Ua]= }_Z> bH }e_U bY R qfT U A ilR }gU
.pUgcUn= }_I nhi{U nR nY lR h= fT R
nL neR n inh= {gx }nA ~@nL gdeU }JnU bx n? R
.= }I Yx U ilR }i }_I bx nY nT n x bx

{@U rx{A }caU rx{A h= }nA qaS = }Y R


U R }h\U nY :afU qdbR {@U rx{A U {Zi
f>{@ L

bL ni hU
U nx odbU lR |Q U b_U nx neT n dS
n hi{@ n _=nJ pHnfeU |w R x{U n_U =n]U chdR |gU n \x |Q
.hHnA qZ> J_U hR q_@}> Y R nfi nehH
dhA dL pfH }Y pHnfe= dU eA ZU ohi {eA YkeU nU A}eU {U A}U nR ()
n\Y R U }eH {d= phfhA R LH }T R nghbU U pedcU B {x h=
.ngY n=n= nZU pSL L =nU eU R n@ ne= h? cZ= [> w }w
342

@dT

|T qwz@ T me?@ mX

rx{A U {@U }U odbU rx{A U nx |w R nf@A neR


lR pdhfU J_U }x
nfY R }x nY T
phini hHnA nfhR }hx

qS {S dbU w {A }Yj= Zx nY{dU aH


A>
Y nfUA Y
w ni cx S ph=|U w phini S {S nfhR ni
[> S hini b> nei }B dL ngbd]> U pn}U .yh=|U
nY S {I
nUnT {Q A dbU qS {bR dbU }B U
eA }> nefhR }Y }Q nY ni |w oL
U x
nY nL}H n _x
!n= {= ni hB U gfx n }HnT A

hbU |w i }I Y B hbU nf>nQ {bU :S H c=


_x n= R cx f_Y _x = {_x dR = pehS n`eU
!n = cx f_Y

T bw e^X

{= }adU pehS L}R qi d i f_x n= R cx


}ZU L [`U [ai [`U qi }ZU i f_x n= R cx
.nhU =|U =n

> }>
wn> Y~dx nY S f_x |gR n = U R cx
@ ff> Y{B R c> hU
Y{B R b> U n Y}A
Y w h= LnJ Un_> dU nL w pY{R hU nA ned T
q p on m l k j i h g Un_> dU LnJ
~}|{z yxwv utsr
.[ :}H]
343

@dT

ohU H {S hdL SbA }_> f_x |gR n = U R cx


wzw g< Ydw dGm< gdw
:nS {U dL {UU A
nY a][eU

.peU
U odx .()T nw cR ~cw

:nbR enx n= hU cZx P dU H U x w{A n@ {S


U L {UU PfU
jR Y Y ?}hY fedK {S = |w dU H nx
TmX ph :{UdU ngfhA P fU
nbR ai dL {UU dL bai i =n@jR
neR ()g<
!hdL cZx peTnedU n= {bx }x ZU |w nhA S

ogv mdf<mv ec^? fcT :x{UU Qx{=n_U x nY nL R


|R mdf< |< mdfT KmI ^? |T |< mdv|< ^T m\cT
.()ud]T o<|H X zZT rc> meGT zR X eg^T

m < b= e^X

ni dL nS c> nf_Y hdR n = c> nY


x{U }T cR

nihU _= {S }ZU f@ Y cx U U A ni dL {S


.}ZU {S a> ni dL
{I}eU c> nf= R{U \U c> f_x n = c>
f_x n = c> ghex |U hfeU [U c> gU y@nfU
@ P fU
{bR nhi nf= he@ dL aJnL >

.()!mdfeg< pgG v :nbR }B }> new{A S {S {U _Y

. RncU ()
. RncU ()
.n_fU dQ Y w nfHU pxnU pah[U ()
. dU {gR = L{U {L ()
344

@dT

|U nf= h= nbA ~> i f_x }B {UU aJn_U


nhi

|B B Y }= dL fh_> hd_R }x
f= Y od]> nY{f_R
X cT @ :fL nehR P }T fU
bx p@nfU ph=}U ohUnHj=
K mw gX aw :nS fh_x hT :qdS :nS |< cK zT mK
.()< |w av|w ^X

Y Yew > f= }Y g>


hdL x n = c> f_Y
}c> nY U }c> ngU o>
nY U oR
afT w f= d_> UnY

< [^< =z? :QU nYU QdL


nY ph Y ngU
hm= m= T dT
iS
e<m < m T m gH iS

@ c S =z?
.()`h |X X ege^w mX |X X hme^Q
neU g|`= g>
f_eU
nf= |`= g>

n = c>
neT A}U

A}U gUne= g>


.{U gUne= g>
neT bdU

{= :bx _U ei nY }hT nf= be= g>


n = c>
gdbeU gi
nfi }`eU }Y cU he@ |w bY Y

heUn_U }U nfU bx x {h_U gdbe= gi


ox}bU

.[ :x}U]
owe^dT <

{=
= w = in_Y Y }B f_Y dL J
= }Y R
cx }aeU Y cU @Uh= nf Y cdR

n \x nf Y cU
pxf_eU

. RncU ()
. pQU sgi ()
345

@dT

= !ai @UhU ni= w f_eU


ni= cx e@ nY n xf_Y n =

P
cK
pUnH}U = }caU = w pxf_eU
mw : fU bx pYnY =
nf= i pUnH}U R ni= w PdU H}R ()oX {v < ph mh
oU
R nf= i ni= w Lx}Y = hL {S n> R

.U oU
R nf= i ni= QoUnJ = = dL
nei

x
hcR B nfi f_x |gR n _he@ nin= P dU H nT

<; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 !hB U Tjx


ph`Un= hB U Tjx hU nx [ :}U]C B A @ ?> =
nY f_Y U }hZ> px |w qinT {bU !pbhbUn= dTjx n {bR oR

rhA on_U nfx}x nY~U }e= ph`Un= dT w U T R


!n hbhbA y }Y

}T R nx |w R i) n _he@ nin= QoUnJ = = dL


nT
panJ pLneU n = chU n hdL
nf Y _U {x}x nedR (ngZH
~bx
.phini dY }ca= w ow|eU ]dU }=nL dL
}B
: pYH U= bx

nhU
x
ha][x hL{

R
nh_hI
[fY
T

}J T
nhf
}x
ZU
n_
U

A }R
L
nxdL

Y {
fi _ZB
nhdL

}T

o_I
}R
zxnU }R w


dL
w p_hI
b>

eZU
nei
{hL } KfdU

A heU
R U
d@

nx {gI neH
}S
nx


. {[dU }ZU dL ()
346

@dT

R {> hededU QdL


nfhU _R U gR >nhA T
=
gdcdT X pdcG mX dcG :Qbx pY pd[Y @ Y bA L
.()omA cK
? mf< bw T

nY ! pdA}eU |w R pY |gU hA}U n= x c_Y n> i


o>
= {AU JU nf= h= }a>

e> = U hU nf@A
q> gf\> g_e> n _he@ nwnf= d > = y=|> \> = }c>
.{A qh= bH

owmdT <

nxn qL U pxneU =
w =
ncI Y rUn? cI nfw
p_h]U h= ni f= h= ngx}c> U RqhU w pe P fU

bx _i nghU nfbdB ngfeR ni= nfY w ngafT R h_i U nR


:}B rx{A R ()|< b< v bX mfhkQ m< d= :P fU

()
. oceT bdK
X|S
pfhU c> nfUnB w pix~U c> fex neR nfeL pdfU qinT lR
.nfY w neT ni= w c> ..nfUnB pf= w

ngx fh= w nH f_Y


{hTj> U Y}> rxnA |w

w = gR phi pSL ngafT R h_> U |w h= ni


nghYf= r_> ngUne@ dL {_> R ng_Y Yn_> hT }^inR Y

. pQU sgi ()
f[eU }[eU ne_i nbdU H nL }U x}ZdU pxfU neU ()
. phI = =
. ehgdU {~U eY ()
347

@dT

}JnedU n }_Y oTcU y rhA hU [x neT


hdL Y hR nY c=

nfU {x f@ ne= U T

.[ :}U]

bi
n=
}i neT ng= }i nfhd_R nfY w qinT

:}LnZU bx b> {g=


YnR
nfU dL hY{S \> nY{f_R nghdL

=
df>
ninT
nfU
x
{S
A

[`U

{>
fY hadU
eH
neA}dU
ni
cZx n=

nfn= R{Y w nin_Y nghU ni{Y w nfY


ni= w qinT
gY
geR ni{@
Ze> nY{fL i dL nghdL b> ni ngx
nY nS neT {@ n= n@ nxnb= dL Y{S \> {S ilR nghdL
: \ [ :Un_> dU bU >> {fL >nedT _= R QdL

()
Q fL }_eU fL |B {S vm? Q = fXmv i\= ..
:bx rhA f_eU |w

a B

x
n@
|w Y
nY U
K
{g_U {S nf= yhS
{@
n=
w

dL
}H

nhB
{x gU
R q _ ]H

n_U
nR

dc K

L {bR dU eA ohU {UU U i|Bjx |w =


rx{A
= i w }[Y pedc= a ffcex |U {h@ niU =

i@n> nY n? Un> > }U dL w pYnw e@ ngU :nh= pQU sgi ()


.wn@ R U > qijR R nwi {eL Y
348

@dT

[> {_>
n H ngfY d _> ng_Y pS{ pSL nS {S
.}h[= U nT eU pH{eU _i pH{Y nR
nghdL f> |U \> nY{fL U = f_Y ed L {bR
.pbHn= }I {`> A nghef> nghb>
}_> gR ngh]_> nY {be= h]_> gR n]_U }cU ed L
{= U

.[ :sU]

n S}L b> cex d^dU n \R }A


cx ed L
U efx ngh= Y hU |U }_U ad> gR nghdL n x}Q nghR n eUnK
xJ nbUn= U ye> ngfhJ
.

ow|T |YT lR }hnL pg@Y R n xS n d cx ed L


.QhfYkeU }hY nS neT () K nc

nbfx \x ed L
}eU
}_> nR dU

S necR ngbUnB dL
: U n_ > n
.[ :qd[R]

oUn=
oU
heUn= heU ngUn= {bR w nY ed L nY |w

nwn]L Y Y S } L Y nwn]LjR
qinT Z= x U >nhA T
}hB h
. {dY nwnxnfA R ~i U nw}Y n egY n Y K

. pQU sgi ()
349

@dT

}K |`Tm< |^H

.~L }aUn= }_I n= nx =}Y B nY{fL ilR }h`U |gU

{bU Un_> dU U oeU }=n[U qfT YkeU yUn[U {_U qfT {bR
@ qfT
{bU ex~L inex Y nfx }eU ]x U |U }[U Y
Y d> qfT
Un_> dU Y pbd Y qhb= }U cU {U gfx n]H
nT = pedT fY {[> U U Y I}R dL n@ jJ
nS Un_> dU @nf> qi nf^bx neUn]U Un_> dU }T w {U
R

cT T w|bT gcT cT T :@U


cT mG g]^T c^T

g]^T |^T feg< mX fgQ mX T g T mdT


nS gdTm^T
`K mw `K :
cT zdT gcG|dT cK G
.
mw

qi fxn_x nT nefhR L dL oh]U U nfhL{H nY{fL i


nei n hI {x}x i T :@jR n hI {x}x i :oh]U U nS nedc= i}>
.nx|eU }L > ex nT |U L{U Y nL{U }x w
n_U jZU R }hca> pYn_U pd[eU dL }A i R i

:}hB Ynx R U qdS cR eU }R dL n _@ d>
qi A
U {b>
qfT ngdwj= }beU qSn {bR {x{@ }bY U n> {dU
nA}S
d_R nY fUj> qfT hdL qdB nedT neU |w R phdeL

hU :U qdbR }Y |w egx


neU :UjR }Y \aU i|B {S

lR d= :{[bY f= ai q=nJ {S U qdbR ? }@ U R


zT
.()cKm`S |gT cK

. {[dU hbaU }\x Y :}^i P }T fU rx{A R neT ()


350

@dT

{bR nA h= U }\= Ynew }A i R i



hfhL Y Unex U hU }^i eU }R dL qi nA _=
nS n@jR pY}T {fL U w R nx :U qdbR
:
hU } nY nY{fL

nY U nT piR B yUn ow :U qdbR nA nx Y{= ni


.}\Y R nRn[> nbin_> hR}]U ni}\A
|w
}_dU nfw }T nei i {U nx hdL qfT nY >}hH Y _=
.nfhdL SbA _= hRi L

nfdwnT ni bx b_U |gR nfSbL ni}h[b> dL n= nx nfYnH


.eU {_= b_U |w }ex
Y

P{eY
Y }ZA inf@ Y yhaU fcH {U nx dU eA

.RngJ h= w

351

mZdT ?|dT

?|dT mZdT |fQ

.x}cU }bU
.pxnU pah[U
.Qx{=n_U x nYU bU pUnH
}h= nL]edU n_U p_hZU nhL Y {hU hY
.
R T R }]eU (w ) {eA = {eY ghZ=
.nfU }h= gU pcY }^Y
}KfU pw~i }JU hf> (w :) }R = =
}I
. .w phinU p_]U }x }gJ phYH ocU
= fH ( :) inU r_I = nehdH =
. w }caU ndU {eY {h_H :hb>
.}h= n {eA {fY (w :) {eA nY fA =
ZY pfx{Y zxn> (w :) dU pw = U = dL }TnL =
. }h= }caU }hI dL :hb>
dL nY (}gU inU }bU) (n[U nY =) dL }a_@ =
}U nhA RqhU pHkY :hb> ng>nT{Y }a_@ =
.w U p_]U }x S Qn}U nYU eUn_U }e>keU
353

mZdT ?|dT

:hb> pQU sgi }I (w :) U~_eU {x{U = =


.phYH nH{dU ph_YnU pHkeU hw}= \aU = {eY
-}h= hU nU {eY dL :hb> n_hH }U {L =
.w U p_]U nfU
~hhe> R p=n (w :) ib_U dL = {eA }A =
{eY dL zhZU @eU {L {eA nL zhZU :hb> p=n[U
.w U p_]U }h= phed_U ocU _Y
pxngfU (w:)}h? = = }_eU {eY = neU }h? =
S }h= p_J L qRn= nhdhLneH }? rx{U ox}Q R
.w }In_U p_]U }x
{eY :hb> pxfU }hU (w:) nH = {eY nZw =
pfH }[Y yh dL {eY pcY {heU {L x{U Y
.w
dS dL gdeU (w :) }a_@ = HY = dL nJ =
p_]U }ZfU pLn]dU H nx~x}> nR zhZU :hb> a]U
. .w U
{AU {L = x}cU {L = {eY = {eY (}cU = =) }h? =
pLn]dU n zxnU R YncU (w:)inhZUn= }_eU
. w }h= }ZfU
Un_Y (w w) I}bU {eA = {eY = {eY B =
{eA x{ n_I eY {eY :hb> pU ncA R p=}bU
U p_]U }wnbU ncdU pYn_U px}[eU phgU _]eU hL
.
354

mZdT ?|dT

oSnfY (w :) i{ineU dL = {eY I }gI =


S pYL nZi >eU UH}U Inw {hU :hb> oUnJ =
.}x
nZi nfU nQ= (w :) }wnJ = {eA ahJ =
. . . }x S }U x}ZU
R pe`U
ZT (w :) yaU = = hL = dL d=
. phinU p_]U }h= pe pR}_Y
inQ nT (w :) hU = dL }aU = inga
.nfU }h= =}_U }U nhA
eheU {eY = {AU {L yaU = x{U yni nbU {Y
fhw U {L :hS{> oh>}> dcU cU }Q (w :)
. /w U p_]U nfU }h= ngU
\U }U ^L heU }ha> (w :) {hA {hU dY
~x}U HeU Y {hU :hb> ceU ~x~_U dU nT xj> R
.w p_=}U p_]U }x i dL i }Zi cfw}R HkY
}caU nU yh (w :) hLneH = {eY nU
. pfYnU p_]U }h=
pfx{Y {`= zxn> (w :) oh]U dL = {eA {`U
}h= -phed_U ocU n]L nbU {L a][Y :hb> U
. U p_]U
(w :) {`U nfU =n= }_eU eY = {eY {`U
phed_U ocU n]L nbU {L a][Y :hb> {`= zxn> x
. U p_]U nfU }h=
355

mZdT ?|dT

}hY pedT pnY }I (w :) hY = dL = hY i}U


YH }ZfU ~T}Y fhU x{U @ {hU :hb> Q hfYkeU
.S hH{eU p_YnU =nU
}x -S YH L ocY pQU sgi }I ai i}U
.w
{hU :hb> HneU (w :){UnB = {eY = {eA S}U
.w }x }gJ phYH ocU fhU x{U @
nfS Y L nfbU ZT (w :) ix = [fY >gU
{eY A {eY dU {L = :hb> inf_U h^_U {L neT :x{b>
U p_]U nfU }h= phed_U ocU _RnZU hLneH A
. /w
}caU }cU fU (w:) dL = hU = {eA bghU
.}h=
f= }_eU yh[U YnU (w :) hL = {eY |Y}U
.w }h= -}caU h]dU {L nwU
{L :hb> |Y}U
}ZfU pHkY :}Zi hb> n@}U YnS b> {eY zhZU }U
.w pUnU p_]U }x S YH
nhi [S R heU fU (w) dU pe_i {hU }~U
.w }x S afU ZL}eU dU px ZfY hdH}eU
:A}I U {S
U (w :) Y = }= = }eL AnU
. }h= gU pcY }>nU {L nL T{U
b_U > (w :) p_I = hU = dL = A i}U
-S YH }ZfU pHkY na`U }T dL :hb> H}U L
.w phinU p_]U }x
356

mZdT ?|dT

:hb> LnU ni L{U {L (w :) {gR = {eA dU


.}x S i{@ pcY ebU {AeU {eA
dU pY_Un= }_eU {H }g]eU = Hx = U dU
pHkY ngU hw}= zhZU :hb> ncA }x}> (w )
.w U p_]U }x S Q n[U nY
R{U pxbU {_U (w i :) }g]eU Hx = dL dU
ZL}eU dU px pcY n@}U {gY {hU :hb> phYhU neU
.w U p_]U }x S afU
p_hZU nH h[a> (w:) U = {eY dYn_U }U
pHkY p_hZU nH = n[B }_eU p_x}ZU nY h[> U
.w phinU p_]U S }U nhA qhU
:hb> nfH }S (}gU rUnU }bU) }a_@ = dU {L }heU
. w }x S U p_]U }U nhA RqhU pHkY
pUnU p_]U nfU }h= }caU n= _Y Snx eU
.
}h= eU H R a]U bA hA zhZU ZU
. w U p_]U nfU
}h= RnbU YH ~T}eU oU x{U w ai ZU
. /w U p_]U nfU
}h= eU h= bR i ]B -phU H ai ZU
. /w phinU p_]U nfU
eU nhA ohUnH hwnaeU R }S InL ai ZU
. /w U p_]U
357

mZdT ?|dT

}h= RnbU YH ~T}eU YcU ng@ ai ZU


. U p_]U nfU
RnbU ~T}eU n[S sgfeU R }S }hacU b_U ai ZU
. U p_]U nfU }h= YH
=}_U nZi wU pbhbU h= {b_Y hwnaY ai ZU
. U p_]U nfU }h=
:hb> n_eU (w :) phS = dY = dU {L fx{U
. phinU p_]U }[Y n_eU IncL }?
ocU }cU hU nhA (w :) HY = {eY }hY{U
.w phinU p_]U }h= phed_U
{L p_]Y Y{U fH (w :) }g= = dU{L Y{U
.w ZY
(nx zxn> pH{U {geY =) x{U dU {L {eY T{U
. /w phinU p_]U dbU
dU pe{U pfdU nR }U {L = {eA zhZU x{U
.nx}U px_U ph=}_U pcdeeU nR phed_U
fU L }hH ( w ) neL = {eA = {eY w|U
. w p_=}U p_]U nfU }h= pUnH}U pHkY
p\gfU phedL n>n? nbA ]U fU T{U n
./w U p_]U nfU }h= ph=}_U
nhA L nx}T }JB }_U i A zhZU nhehA
naH R phRnbU pxnZeU x{U }I dL :pe@}> fheU nY
. w nfU }h= phi}x
phYH
pxgeU

358

mZdT ?|dT

pHkY nfgY }hY {L :hb> (w) }eL = eY }ZY~U


. U p_]U nfU }h= edL
Y S {}aU }Q }I (w )nw eU ~U
}gJ p_Yn@ nZi bY {gY :hb> }_U }wU pYn_U
.w
}h`[U YnU (w :) }c= = = eA}U {L JhU
.w U p_]U }h= }ZfU pLn]dU }caU
hU n[i R h_U n[= (w :) {eY zhZU neU
phdeeU =nU phYH nH{U ~T}Y ]U {eY zhZU :hb>
.w U p_]U }x phYH U }A R hbaU UU
hb> ~eU (w :) fx~U cY = {eY {hgZU
.w U p_]U }x S Q {geU nY pH{Y :}Zi
n :hb> {x}eU phfY (w :) _U x{U x inU {hgZU
. U p_]U nfU }h= \>}eU neU
hd_> pQU sgi (w :) hU = {eY }U x}ZU
.w U p_]U }x S }nB|U {L {eY zhZU :}I
pcY fx~U {eY J :hb> pxfU neU ai }U x}ZU
.S >}h[=
.~feU dU nT }ha> R Y ncY }ni zhZU }hZU
oSnfY R h^fU {U (w :) }`ZeU >nA = Hx YnZU
.S hH{eU pLneU p_=nU YH }ZfU pHkY hYngdU pe
{@nY :hb> px{U pxngi (w :) {[U A {[U
.w :beU pY{bY zxn> }_ZeU }Zi n=}`U
359

mZdT ?|dT

(w:) ebU
x=n= = hU = dL = {eY {[U
p_=nU YH }ZfU pHkY na`U }T dL :hb> n[U
.w S hH{eU pLneU
}I fU px{hU pceU }ZU dL ai {[U
.
pHkY i}g]U fhU Inw {hU :hb> {hAU ai {[U
..w }x S YH }ZfU
pHkY na`U }T dL :hb> hbaU }\x Y ai {[U
.w phinU p_]U S hH{eU pLneU p_=nU }ZfU
.w U p_]U p_U pHkY UnY ai {[U
}ZfU pHkY na`U }T dL :hb> nB in_Y ai {[U
.w }x S hH{eU pLneU p_=nU YH
}h= edL pHkY Qn}U nB hL ai {[U
.w
S YH }ZfU pHkY pe_fU ne> x{U neT ai {[U
.. . }x
p_hZU na p_hZU n\R pehe\= B pSn[Y ai {[U
U p_]U nfU }h= phYH {U p?U }gI n\R
.
zhZU :hb> f[eU (w:) new = }U {L in_f[U
.e^L eA}U ohA
naH R phUn_eU pecU (w :) }hZU {eY hgUjeU {
. phinU p_]U }h= =}_U }U nhA p_= phdb_U
360

mZdT ?|dT

bR pHkY {geU n[Y (w :) U = {eY H]U


.w U p_]U nfU }h= p_hZU
.w }x S p_U pHkY UnY ai H]U
nH}U A {hU :hb> ncA ox|g> ai H]U
. w }x }gJ phYH ocU
{eA :hb> }hcU _eU (w :) {eA = nehdH i}]U
.}wnbU pheh> = pcY =}_U }U nhA {heU {L
}bU }ha> R nhU eY (w :) U = \aU H}]U
.w U p_]U nfU }h= nL]edU edL pHkY
pLneU p_=nU YH }ZfU pHkY YnU Y@ ai H}]U
.w U p_]U hH{eU
:}InfU B ncY (w :) \aU = U H}]U
./w pHnU p_]U }U x}ZU ZfY
}_eU deU Y zxn> (w :) }x}@ = {eY }]U
edL pHkY @ ned_U Y pi :hb> }]U zxn=
. w nL]edU
L Y) }h`[U }]U H = }x}@ = {eY }a_@ = }]U
phYH nH{U S :hb> pYnY (}gU YnU }bU
.w U p_]U S p_U pHkY
p_Yn@ ZfY ~heU }ha> (w :) hA {eY n]]U
.hH{eU
U hbeU }[U (w :) JnfU ix = dL dYn_U
px\>}eU pceU :}InfU gU }SnU {eY :hb> x{bU bY
.w U p_]U px}a_U n? nhA
361

mZdT ?|dT

x~Y naU ZT (w :) {eY = hLneH id_U


.w pUnU p_]U nfU }h= phed_U ocU nU
nY U feU }haU dL = U {eY = nY }c_U
{geU nY pH{Y :hb> Q}c_U dL = U {eY =
.nfU }h= YH ncU Q
x}_= naZU (w :) nhL nbUn= }_eU [hU nhL
. }h= }ZfU pLn]dU }caU a][eU bA
:) nU yh }I R nbU {eL {eA = eY fh_U
.}h= =}_U }U nhA (w
YnT {eY }wn = :pe@}> U H h@ nQ
. U p_]U nfU }h= i}hU }wn
pHkY (n@_U nH) A}U naU dU {L {hU ax}`U
.w / phinU p_]U nfU }h= nL]edU n_U
x{U dL nhA (w ) {eY = {eY {YnA = U~`U
.w U p_]U nfU }h= ngU
pHkY ng@ R paJnU }^fU nH {eY zhZU nhaU
.w U p_]U }x S ncU
p_]U nfU }h= =}_U nZi I dU R \>}Y }R
. U
:hb> ngZU {fY (w) pYH = {eY nbU Ln\bU
.U p_]U }h= pUnH}U pHkY adU {heU {L {eA
}T dL :hb> RncU (w :) b_x = {eY fhdcU
.w phYH ocU na`U
362

mZdT ?|dT

(w:) inIncU haUn= }_eU Y {eY inIncU


.w }x S ngU pHkY Rn[U }ha>
}ZfU pHkY nhA ox|g> R n\hU peU ai inIncU
.. }x S YH
dYn_U yUn = {eY = U = dL = hw}= zhZU e_acU
pHkY ZfY (phSnU nex pf@ phSU nY pf@) n[eU
./w pUnU p_]U nfU }h= nL]edU edL
pcY {aU ~fT (w:) dL = {eY yaU = c@}cU
. .w phinU p_]U S a][eU
{eA {hU :hb> }JU pnx }wU {_Y ai c@}cU
.w U p_]U }x S fhU

ngU p_hZU (w :) hA {eY n]`U InT


. w}x S x}cU }bU J

hcUnU nx (w) fU fhU nB dL {hU i{eU


pHkY fhU Y {hU :hb> x{@nU {hH pah }I R
.w }x S hH{eU pLneU YH }ZfU
) {fgU x{U nA = beU dL x{U L {fgU beU
inhA
}c= :hb> n_R S fH R ne_U ~fT (w
/w pYnU p_]U }h= pUnH}U pHkY nbU a
.

nRU pHkY i n= (w :)}Sn= {eY deU


. phinU p_]U }h=
363

mZdT ?|dT

(w ) {`U }c_U ne_fU = {eY = {eY {haeU


pHkY :hb> n_U dL dU sA pR}_Y R nI {haeU zhZU
{haeU zhZU phaU eUn_U }e>keU :}InfU }U nhA R qhU
. /w U p_]U }x S
na`U }T dL U nH hU :hb> UnY ai {haeU
.w }x S YH }ZfU pHkY
:hb> H nL [fY = {eY = ne_i nbU }[eU
. /w }[Y n_eU \hR }` dL =
RncU }I (w :) yUn {eY UeU i{ineU
InL dL :yh[> i}_ZU U = }heU :hd_>
.w U p_]U }h= =}_U }U nhA
fY nHU {Y (w :) hA }heU fU
.w U p_]U S }U nhA qhU pHkY neU
S phed_U
{gZU {hH pHkY cU UnB dU }a_@ zhZU ngU

.w U p_]U }x
eY (w :) }c= = = dL x{U i RnU ehgU
. }h= phed_U ocU {~U
cU hL (}gU nU }bU) hdU {eY = dL ]HU
S rx{U {f@}hU fU hA {hU :hb> LeU
.w U p_]U
h= n_= x R n[U nw{L R px_U nx}U {x}@
:UnU w ngU i}cU =}U w }B
http://www.alriyadh.com/153157
364

mbT mwX

mbT mwX
.............................................................. mYT X :oX zadT
mYT mw}X : dT
......................................................... mYT oc@|X }gdX

............................................................ owgT oRm\T


............................................................. odgcT |\`T
................................................... mdT zwz= oc@|X
.................................................... og`Im^T ~gGm@ R
..................................................................... ogTmdT

................................................................... oKmYT
............................................................ zaT mYT
..............................................ogZYT
m`h mYT v

............................................ hZU pecA nZU pxhA


(dK cK) mYT mgTjX :hmT dT
......................................................... ogTjdT mYT
.................................................. phUkeU gai hT
.................................. nw{A phUkeU
nY w nY

............................................... phUkeU nei hT


............................................ phUkeU A
KeU

365

mbT mwX

............................................. oQ|^dT c^T A Q mYT


...................................................... gU
o@ d_U
...................................................... b_U phef> d_U
..................................................... hAnf= }h]U
.................................................. kU pRnb? nZU
............................................................ji Y
........................................................ji hT
..........................................ji nY ji nY
............................................... pdH {hI}> }bU
........................................................... meT |G
d^T
................................................ cU p=nY H
................................}BU e_U nhi{dU e_U h= nRnfY
.................................................. !nZU x
nY{fL
.............................................nbR pHnhH @i e_Un=
........................................`H pHnhH @i e_Un=
.................................................... TmG|T d^T mYT
..........................................UnH}U e_U R nZU
....................................phSB phRnbU h>}hB|U Y
.............................. hcUnH pd bU {gU x}J R ZA>

.................................................cU hhYHU pci

...............................................}[_U p`d= H Y {S
cT X oR^T mYT :qTmT dT
.................................................... mT ocbYX mYT
................................................... n x{A n ex{S nU
.....................................pg@eU x}J dL phgfY naS
................................................ hU U nx afU
366

mbT mwX

........................................... nbU nh}aU h=


......................................................b_U nex
......................................................... d_Un= d_U
...........................................>nx }^i x{U q=? h= w
................................................. _R nU nH

................................................... eUn= paU
..................................................... ed_U }`U
.................................................. afU w pYY
....................................... fx{U SU dL nA w
...........................................nfbdB i nfb d B dU w
............................................... Tm^= cT X oR^T mYT
....................................................x}]U dL ]B
......................................................{=n_U nZU \R
......................................................... x}]U [U
.....................................................pLn[eU fU
............................... afU ox|g> phdeL
R ohUnH Y

......................................... pfU
ncU sgfY ~U
............................ oU
nH dL dU Y pS_U nf=

..................................... nZU nhA R {bU phew



.............................................. AU pH{Y nR}L Y
................................................. b heU =n[U
..................... ngZU U }U nhA Y :}heL = o_[Y
..................................................... onU nZU
................................. x}cU }bU nw}T ph=nI nei
................................... ~`eT nw{f= Q oK|YdT |gP |\T
.........................................................n@ x}J
....................................................... pR[eU
x}J

367

mbT mwX

................................................ x ~eU nR}_U x}J -


..................................................... ..nZU A
.........................................@|T m`T ocbYX mYT
............................................. A}U }aU }wn^Y Y
................................................... }wn^U |w nH

.................................. ng>nY}Y
nhi{U R ne`i :

......................... phafU
nHU px }caU nR}i :n hin?

.......................................................odbdU nfhdeU

.................................................. afU pHnY :
............................................... pHneU }e?
....................................... |U {bi }h`U {bi
.............................{_U pecY }he\U pecY
.............................................. pHneU phahT
.............................................}dU pZ_feU LeU :n hin?
...................................phA}U p_dU YH sYni}U :n Un?
................................ {A {w pLfY n]Y
............................. phfx{U ph=}U R {eU
.................................. {@neU L nZU ~L
................................... RA |ZT
X Q m^T Y=


.............................................bJ U n_U x>
.......................................................... n_U x~b>
.................................................... [U S ~hY
.....................................................YkedU ~L n_U
.........................................................phLU n_U
feT ogcdK Q mYT :<|T dT
.........................................................owfT oX oX
368

mbT mwX

...................................................px gU
kH pY
................................... }JnY }L :|Un= pbU {bR
}mS
..................................................... feT ogcdK

...................................................... px{bfU p_@}eU


.................................................... sni nB
.................................................. pRnbU R pdcZeU
......................................beU ]i {LnS zxnU
.......................................................... |Un= pbU
..................................... px? phA pT}A U p@nU

..........................................pxU pHneeU H :
.............................. }n_eU nf_S R U }hh`U
........................................ phA
phde_U
H :n hin?

...........................A e_U }hY dL


...............................A gfY yd[eU
.............................naU pg@Y R }bU {w
.........................................|H mXzaX :feT ogcdK
...............................neH qSU A : }ZU
....................................................... Y~U pehS
.................................................... qSU neH
............................................. nZU {aY }aU
....................................................Y sYni}U
..................................................... {U p}R
............................................... px}U n\R :inU }ZU
....................................................... px}U pehS
......................................... px}U d]fY dU pxL
......................................... afU R px}U he_>
........................................................px}U e?
369

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.........................................~x}`U pg@Y R px }U
.................................................. }x}U px}U
.......................... nQ`U }nY }h[U nbx :rUnU }ZU
.......................................}JneU gaeU :nQ`U
............................................~heU nbR nQ`U
..................................... gg@Y nQ`U }nY

U
:
.............................................. R}^U

............................................ |U U :n hin?
................................................ nwn[Y }h[U
...........................................}h[U {[Y w nY
....................................................}h[U {nbU
.........................|RnfU }h[U oAn QdL nY
.................................................. ph[ZU
>

........................................... feT ogcdK Q mYT


ogeT }w|_T mYT :~XmT dT
........................................ XG ZT
Q }w|_T

..............................................>nY gU x}cU
....................................................}U J {U
........................................................ {U bA
............................................ ni {h>}JnY
........................................................{U pfi
.................................................... n i qhU ~x}`U
........................................ocw|T of?X XG w|YT
.........................................................pdx}U |RnfY {H
................................................. ogeT
}w|_T mYT

...................................... ~x}`U pT}_Y R nZU e


................................ ~x}`U nhdQ pdcZeU ph_SU
dU

370

mbT mwX

......................................... px |U dU : fU
.......................................... pS keU dU :inU fU
....................................................... qS keU ~U


............................................]bfeU {b_U phL}I :
............................................. nfH {bL p_eU :n hin?
............................................ ]bfeU {b_U h^f> :n Un?
................................ ha_U nZU ei x{[U Hx
........................................................~}`U fU
............................................... pHf_U pdcZY nfU
.......................................................... eT {YT
....................................................... pdcZeU Sna>
.......................................................pheU Y paS
...........................................................nH R
................................................ pY}U dL hU{U R
................................................. d U pY}A hU
............................................ pbAneU pY}A hU
................................................. | ZU x}> padR
..............................................xnZU }
ZU dK w
....................................... g@ nf@ .._U H

............................................... nU n]U :
................................................... gU }Rn\> :n hin?
....................................[eU
HkeU
e_U :n Un?

................................ = nwnLn= ph\bU


U }^fU :n _=

................................................. @ phg> :n YnB


..................... g^T T gdgT cX nT
@ oKeX

ocG
................................................... hfU
h= oU

eU `H
............................. {U p_U R fU

371

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........................... beU }hQ _eU


@keU
}geU h=

................................................!nfU H L

ogKmd? mR^T mYT :mT dT


...................................................... oTmG Q T
.......................................... ni R{w :U
.................................................. i Y Y
................ y@nfU U }I w nY i hT

................................. :phSB phfx{U }ZU :
....................:ph[[U
phfaU :phLeU }ZU :n hin?

......................................... :phSB }ZU :n Un?


..............................................hUnH U ncI
..............................................dU L}ZU cU
...................................oevzdT zdT <cG g< T
....................................................... {eUn= }eU
......................................................{eU phL{U
..................................................... {eU nh=nx
.................................................... pfw{eU {eU
.......................................... pAn[eU pSn[U B

......................................................... afU pfw{Y


............................. owzT Kmd? T mG mYT
..................................................pebi pe_i qi}i
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......................................................... pdx{U [U
........................................... mfX m<m< mYT oRK
.......................................... pdA}eU |w n[B ga>

372

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.............................................. pSn[eU dH neL


....................................................pdbeU ph[ZU
......................................................pLn]U }A
.......................................................... }L px
................................................ x{UdU px=}> yn[i
.......................................................... mYT ~TmX
...........................................pdY p@nA nfU pUnY
........................................................UneU
................................................... p=eU UneU

............................................. d_U odJ UnY :
................................................{@neU UnY :n hin?
.................................... }bU }S nL{U UnY :n Un?
.............................................. px}H UneU :n _=
............................................. hfYkeU UnY :n YnB
......................................nhb> ned_U UnY :n HnH
............................RnbU Lne@ e_U UnY :n _=nH
....................................................p>beeU UneU

............................... Y x{Un= ~gH UnY :
............................... UH dU dL |cU UnY :n hin?
....................................... dU {L {he> UnY :n Un?
............................................... ph[_eU UnY :n _=
................................. h}eU x}ceU UnY :n YnB
.......................................... p]deU UneU :n HnH
............................................hhU\aU UnY :n _=nH
mgT |X mYT :<mT dT
......................................................... omw|T mYT
...................................................... nw~feU nh>
373

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..................................................}U gdU }eU


.......................................................... }aU {h_U
............................................. n _hZ> p HneY pnx}U
..................................................n^aU =\U
.......................................ngbR}x nY Un_U jT nxnY
......................................................... o@mgT mYT
................................................ ngR{w pAnhU i
..................................................... phghR}U pAnhU
................................................... pw~fU odJ pe
....................................................... !p[hB pAnhH
.................................................... phRnbU pAnhU
..................................................... nxn`U gaeU
...................................................... phA}U pAnhU
..................................................nx~U sU pAnhH
............................................. pY}eU phA}U pAnhU
@dT
............................................................. () R cdT
.................................................}x}U eci Y
.............................................n@ bA :}x}U
........................................................ ni }x}>
......................................................... b_U }x}>
........................................................ afU }x}>
............................................................. () R cdT
......................................................= }Y R
...........................................}U rx{A U nf@A nY
374

mbT mwX

................................................. U cx f_Y
...................................................... n = c> f_Y
.........................................................pxf_eU =
........................................................pxneU =
......................................................... ed L
................................................ ~L }aUn= }_I
.................................................... ?|dT mZdT |fQ
.............................................................mbT mwX

375

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