..o0o..

Tuyt chiu
gii nhanh ha
hc

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Tuyt chiu s 1
y l 1 chiu thc dng x l cc bi ton hn hp phc tp (hn hp c t 3 cht tr ln) v dng rt n
gin lm cho cc php tnh tr nn n gin, thun tin hn .Rt ph hp vi hnh thc thi trc nghim
V d minh ha cho k thut 1 : Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m(g) cht rn X gm: Fe,
Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO. Ho tan m gam X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht.
Gi tr m l:
A. 11,2 g.

B. 10,2 g.

C. 7,2g.

D. 6,9 g.

Nhn xt: Vi cc bi ton hn hp phc tp c s cht trong hn hp ln hn 2 cht ta u c th dng k thut 1

bin i v mt hn hp mi gm 2 cht bt k trong s cc cht trong hn hp. Trong bi ton trn X c 4 cht
nn c 6 cch gii. Ta c th bin X thnh X gm (Fe; Fe2O3) hoc (Fe; FeO) hoc (FeO; Fe3O4) hoc (Fe; Fe3O4)
hoc (FeO; Fe2O3) hoc (Fe2O3; Fe3O4).
Hng dn gii: Ti ch lm 3 trong 6 cch trn, cc bn c th trin khai cc cch cn li u cho kt qu ging nhau.
Cch gii 1:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (FeO, Fe2O3)

mX = mX = mFeO + mFe2O3

Theo bi ra ta c: nFe ban u = 8,4/56 = 0,15 Tng mol Fe trong X cng bng 0,15.
Mt khc:
FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O.
0,1 mol

0,1 mol

Ta c nFe ban u = 0,15 mol

2Fe + O2 2FeO
0,1
4Fe

0,1
+

3O2 2Fe2O3

(0,15 - 0,1) = 0,05 0,025

Vy m = 0,1. 72 + 0,025.160 = 11,2g

p n A.

Cch gii 2:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (Fe; Fe2O3) mX = mX = mFe + mFe2O3
Theo bi ra ta c: Fe + 6HNO3
0,1/3

Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O.

0,1

m nFe ban u = 8,4/56 = 0,15 S mol Fe nm trong Fe2O3 l: 0,15 0,1/3 = 0,35/3 nFe2O3 = 0,35/3.2

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mX = 0,1/3 . 56 + 0,35/6 . 160 = 11,2

p n A.

Cch gii 3:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (Fe; FeO) -> mX = mX = mFe + mFeO
Theo bi ra ta c:
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
a

3a

FeO + 4HNO3

Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O

Gi a, b l s mol ca Fe v FeO

3a + b = 0,1 (1) v a + b = 0,15 (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c: a = -0,025 v b = 0,175.

mX = -0,025. 56 + 0,175.72 = 11,2g

p n A

Nhn xt: Cc bn hc sinh thn mn! S dng chiu thc s 1 gip ta gii cc bi ton v hn hp cht rt nhTi;
Lm gim s n s (v lm gim s lng cht trong hn hp). Khi s dng chiu thc ny i khi cc bn s thy xut
hin s mol ca cc cht l s m, khi Ti mong cc bn hy bnh tnh. l s b tr khi lng ca cc cht
cho cc nguyn t c bo ton. Kt qu cui cng ca ton bi s ko thay i. y l chiu thc s 1 Ti hng dn
dng c bn. Nu cc bn bit vn dng chiu thc ny c 2 dng <c bn + nng cao> th li gii cn ngn gn
hn rt nhiu. Dng nng cao s gip cc bn gii c c hn hp cc cht hu c na. Ti s ging dy nng cao
phn bi ging sau. Thn i cho tm bit.
Bi tp v nh thuc Chiu Thc 1
Cu 1: Nung 8,4gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO. Ho tan
m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A:11,2 gam

B: 10,2 gam

C:7,2 gam

D:6,9 gam

Cu 2: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2(ktc).C

cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A:35,7 gam

B: 46,4 gam

C:15,8 gam

D:77,7 gam

Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 49,6gam hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng H2SO4 c nng thu c dung dch Y
v 8,96 lt kh SO2(ktc).
a) Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong hoonx hp X l
A:40,24 %

B: 30,7 %

C: 20,97 %

D: 37,5 %

b) Khi lng mui trong dung dch Y l

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A:160 gam

B: 140 gam

C:120 gam

D: 100 gam

Cu 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hnn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO th cn 0,05 mol kh H2 .Mt khc ho tan hon
ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng th thu c V ml kh SO2(ktc).gi tr ca V l
A:224ml

B: 448ml

C:336ml

D:112ml

Cu 5: Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi khng kh , sau phn ng thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn
hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,56 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A:2,52 gam

B: 2,22 gam

C:2,62 gam

D:2,32 gam

Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO vi s mol moi cht l 0,1 mol . HO tan ht vo dung dch Y gm (HCl
v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z .Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot
ra kh NO .Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no
A:25ml v 1,12 lt

B: 500ml v 22,4 lt

C:50ml v 2,24 lt

D: 50ml v 1,12 lt

Cu 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn A gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO. A Ho
tan va trong dung dch cha o,5 mol HNO3 thu c kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol kh NO l
A:0,01 mol

B: 0,04 mol

C:0,03 mol

D:0,02 mol

Cu 8: Cho 41,76 gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 trong s mol FeO = s mol Fe2O3 tc dng va vi
V lt dung dch cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M (long). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,6 lt

B. 0,7 lt

C. 0,8 lt.

D. Mt kt qu khc.

Tuyt Chiu S 2
Nu nh tuyt chiu s 1 cc bn c tip cn vi mt phng php kh mnh v gii ton hn hp, th
vi tuyt chiu s 2, cc bn s c tip cn mt ngh thut gii ton rt su sc, gip hc sinh nhm ra
kt qu mt cch nhTi nht.
c im ca cc bi ton c gii bng tuyt chiu s 2 l cho mt hn hp gm c nhiu cht (tng
t cc bi tp thuc tuyt chiu s 1) nhng v mt bn cht ch gm 2 hoc 3 nguyn t. V vy, dng
tuyt chiu s 2 quy i thng v cc nguyn t tng ng.
V d 1: cho hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X' ch gm Fe
v O.

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V d 2: cho hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, CuO. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X' ch gm Cu, S, O.

V d 3: cho hn hp X gm CuO, Cu, Cu2O. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X' ch gm Cu v O.
.................
V d minh ha 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 6 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 1,12 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 5,04.

B. 4,44.

C. 5,24.

D. 4,64.

Hng dn gii:
Tm tt:
Fe + O2 X (Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4) + dd HNO3 Fe3+ + NO + H2O
m gam

6 gam

1,12 lt

S ha bng tuyt chiu s 2.

Ta c th quy i hn hp X thnh hn hp X' gm Fe v O vi s mol ln lt l x, y.
Fe + O2 (Fe; O) + HNO3 Fe3+ + N2+ +
.

O2-

0,05 mol

Theo nguyn l bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng ta c: Khi lng Fe ban u lun bng s
lng Fe nm trong X'. V vy m = 56x.
Mt khc: 56x + 16y = 6 (I)
Cc qu trnh nhng v nhn e:
Fe - 3e Fe+3
x 3x

O0 + 2e O-2
y 2y

N+5 + 3e N+2
.

0,15 0,05

Theo LBT electron ta c: 3x = 2y + 0,15 (II).

T (I), (II) x = 0,09; y = 0,06
m = 0,09 . 56 = 5,04 p n A.

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B. 27,0 gam.
C. 72,0 gam.
D. 36,0 gam.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 21,0 gam dy st trong khng kh thu c 29, 4
gam hn hp cc oxit Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Khi lng Fe2O3 to thnh l:
A. 12,0 gam.
B. 13,5 gam.
C. 16,5 gam.
D. 18,0 gam.
Cu 13: t chy hon ton 15,68 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm 2 hidrocacbon
thuc cng dy dng ng, c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 vC, thu
c n CO2 / n H2O = 24/31. CTPT v % khi lng tng ng vi cc
hidrocacbon ln lt l:
A. C2H6 (28,57%) v C4H10 (71,43%).
B. C3H8 (78,57%) v C5H12 (21,43%).
C. C2H6 (17,14%) v C4H10 (82,86%).
D. C3H8 (69,14%) v C5H12 (30,86%).

Cu 14: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi
thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c:
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4.
B. 0,12 mol FeSO4.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4.
D. 0,06 mol Fe2(SO4)3.
Cu 15: thu c dung dch HCl 25% cn ly m1 gam dung dch HCl 45%
pha vi m2 gam dung dch HCl 15%. T l m1/m2 l:
A. 1:2.

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B. 1:3.
C. 2:1.
D. 3:1.
Cu 16: pha 500 ml dung dch nc mui sinh l (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml
dung dch NaCl 3%. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 150.
B. 214,3.
C. 285,7.
D. 350.
Cu 17: Mt hn hp gm O2, O3 ktc c t khi hi i vi hidro l 18. Thnh
phn % v th tch O3 trong hn hp l:
A. 15%.
B. 25%.
C. 20%.
D. 30%.
Cu 18: S lt nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 98% (d =
1,84 g/ml) c dung dch mi c nng 10% l:
A. 14,192.
B. 15,192.
C. 16,192.
D. 17,192.
Cu 19: Ha tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 bng dung dch
HCl d, thu c 0,672 lt kh ktc. Thnh phn % s mol ca MgCO3 trong
hn hp l:
A. 66,67%.
B. 54,45%.
C. 45,55%.

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D. 33,33%.

p n:
1B - 2D - 3D - 4C - 5C - 6A - 17D
8B - 9A - 10D - 11C - 12A - 13C - 14A - 15A - 16A - 17B - 18C - 19D