Infancy and Toddlerhood Developmental Milestones

Physical Development
They start stepping and having reflexes (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
In infants and toddlers some will experience sucking of the thumbs/ swallowing
(American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
Grasping reflexes (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
Shows behavioral response (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
Language Development
Depending on age they start to say mama or dada (American Academy of Pediatrics,
2015).
Uses exclamations like oh-oh (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
Tries to imitate words or they may say their first words (American Academy of
Pediatrics, 2015).
Uses simple gestures such as shaking head for no or waving bye bye (American Academy
of Pediatrics, 2015).
May interact with peek a boo or patty cake (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
Cognitive Development
Pushing buttons to the remote or phone (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
In a toddler a baby might be able to look at correct object when mentioned.
Even though the baby is little he/she will realize your went out of the room and they
might start crying.
Social Factor
The social factor that influences children social development is living in an unsafe
environment and lack of any resources this could cause a child to go into their own shell
because trust is an issue.

Atypical Infancy/Toddlerhood
Although all children develop at their own pace there are certain signs in a childs
development which may indicate concerns for the child.
According to our text brain development comes from experience and interacting (Berk,
2013).
Build relationship/ being empathic language partner.
Cultural Factor
The cultural factor that influences in this stage is the experience in a childs cultural
environment is the child feels safe and the parents should interact with the child and the
child explore the culture together and practice their beliefs together.

One strategy play-based strategy that families can use to influence their childs learning
and development at this stage is playing peek-a-boo, building objects by pushing them
and picking them up.
The second strategy play-based strategy that families can use to influence their childs
learning and development at this stage is to read books and for them to practice with you
it allows time together and building a relationship.

References
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). Developmental Milestones: Infants and Toddlers.
Retrieved December 2, 2015, from HealthyChildren.org:
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/preschool/Pages/DevelopmentalMilestones-4-to-5-Year-Olds.aspx

Berk, L. E. (2013). Child Development (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc. Retrieved November 23, 2015