TRNG I HC CNG NGH SI GN

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

Ch :
XY DNG KHU PHN N CHO NGI GIM
CN BNG THC PHM CHAY.

GVHD: TH.S BI TH MINH THY

NHM 2:
V THY QUYN
PHM TH MINH HIU
TSN KIM LINH
TRN TH QUNH NGN
V THANH NHN
Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Ngy 22 Thng 12 nm 2015

I. BNH BEO PHI.

1. Khai ni m : Bo ph l trng thi tha cn do tng khi lng m. Nu m tha
phn phi u ton thn, l trng hp bo ph ton thn. Nu m tha tp
trung ch yu bng, mng i, l bo ph hng tmv d dn n ri lon
lipid trong mu.

Biu hi n va cach nh n bit:

- Nhn, s: M t tron, m phnh s , cm c ngn m, bng ph , c nhiu ngn
m, dng tay vo da ln thy lp m dy di da
- Tnh theo cn n ng chiu cao BMI=

- o ti l m: Bng cn o m, o cc np gp da, cn trong ncTrung bnh

l 25 nam v 39 n gii tui trung nin.
-

Ti l eo/mng: >0.85cm n, >0.90cm nam.

2. Nguyn nhn.
- Mi ngi u bit c th gi c cn nng n nh l nh trng thi cn
bng gia nng lng do thc n cung cp v nng lng tiu hao cho lao
ng v cc hot ng khc ca c th. Cn nng c th tng ln c th do ch
n d tha vt qu nhu cu hoc do np sng lm vic tnh ti t tiu hao
nng lng.

Khi vo c th, cc cht protein, lipit, gluxit u c th chuyn thnh cht bo

d tr. V vy, khng nn nghi n nhiu tht, nhiu m mi gy bo m n qu
tha cht bt, ng, ngt u c th gy bo. Tm li c th chia nguyn
nhn v c ch sinh bnh ca bo ph nh sau:
+ Ch va thi quen n ung hng ngay cha hp l: Ch n giu cht
bo (lipid). Cc thc n giu cht bo thng ngon nn ngi ta n qu tha
m khng bit. V vy, khu phn nhiu m, d s lng nh cng c th
gy tha calo v tng cn. Khng chi n nhiu m, tht m n nhiu cht
bt, ng, ngt u c th gy bo. Vic thch n nhiu ng, n nhiu
mn chin xo, rn, nhng thc n nhanh nu sn v n t rau qu l mt
c trng ca tr bo ph. Thi quen n nhiu vo ba ti cng l mt im
khc nhau gia ngi bo v khng bo.
=> Khong 60-80% bo ph l do ch dinh dng.
+ Lihot ng hng ngay:Cng vi yu t n ung, s gia tng ti l bo
ph i song song vi vi c t v n n g, khng tham gia th dc th thao, t
i b . .. Thi gian dnh cho xem tivi, c bo, lm vic bng my tnh, ni
chuyn qua in thoi nhiu hn. Nhng ngi hot ng th lc nhiu
thng n thc n giu nng lng, khi h thay i li sng, t hot ng
nhng vn gi thi quen n nhiu cho nn b bo. iu ny gii thch bo
tui trung nin, hin tng bo ph cc vn ng vin sau khi gii ngh v
cng nhn lao ng chn tay c xu hng bo ph khi v hu.
+ Thiu ng: Thiu ng khng chi gy nn nhng nh hng n xu sc
khe ca bn m con khin vic tha cn ngy cng trm trng hn. Cc
nghin cu chi ra rng, khi thiu ng, c th bn s ri vo trng thi mt
mi, cng thng, cc c quan khng m trch c chc nng vn c ca
c th, khin cho lng calo khng th tiu hao, tng lng m tch t.
Nhng ngi thiu ng c hot ng no b nhiu hn trong cc vng lin
quan n ng lc n ung, nhng li t hot ng nhng vng c th gip
la chn thc phm lnh mnh, t dn n tng ham mun cc mn n
nhiu calo.
+ Ch n ung khi mang thai: Ph n mang thai thng c bi dng
tht nhiu thc n b dng, vic bi b qu mc cng vi thi quen t vn
ng, luyn tp lm nhiu ph n b tng cn khng kim sot c dn n
bo ph gy nhiu hu qu khng tt cho sc khe.
+ Yu t kinh t xa h i: Trn thc t, nhm ngi c thi quen t vn ng
hoc tnh cht cng vic t vn ng, n nhiu thng c nguy c b bo ph
cao hn nhng nhm ngi c tnh cch nng ng, n ung iu hp l.
cc nc ang pht trin, ti l ngi bo ph tng lp ngho thng
thp (thiu n, lao ng chn tay nng, phng tin i li kh khn) v
bo ph thng c gi l mt c im ca giu c.
Ti cc nc pht trin th thiu n khng con ph bin na th ti l
bo ph li thng cao tng lp ngho, t hc so vi cc tng lp
trn.

 Vit nam, t l ngi bo con thp nhng c khuynh hng gia tng
nhanh nht l cc th. l iu cn c ch c cc can
thip kp thi.
+ Yu t di truyn: Trong gia nh nhng ngi sinh i, hoc cha, m, con
b bnh bo ph th c s tham gia ca gen di truyn a n bnh bo ph.
C th, trong gia nh nu c cha v m b bnh bo ph th c ti 80% nguy
c con b bnh bo ph. Con nu cha hoc m b bnh bo ph th c 50%
con ci sinh ra b bo ph.
+ Lm dng 1 s thuc tng cn: Thnh phn chnh ca thuc tng cnl
corticoid, cht ny c tc dng gi nc v cht khong natri trong c th,v
vy khi ung nhiu thuc tng cn s gy ra ri la chuyn ha lipid v lm
ng m (nhiu nht l vng mt, c, lng). Chnh s tch nc tch m lm
cho ngi dng thy mnh ang tng cn r rt, nhng thc cht l h ang
b bo ph.
3. Tac hi.
-Bnh tim: M bc ly tim, lm cho tim kh co bp. M cng lm hp mch
vnh, cn tr mu n nui tim, gy nhi mu c tim.
-Bnh Tng huyt ap.
-Ri lon m mau: Bo ph lm tng nng triglycerid v LDL-cholesterol,
lm gim nng HDL-cholesterol trong mu. Ngi bo bng d b ri lon
lipid mu.
-Bnh Tiu ng: Bo ph ton thn v bo bng l yu t nguy c cho tiu
ng type 2. Ph n bo ph c nguy c tiu ng cao gp 2,5 ln so vi
ngi bnh thng.
-Bnh t qu: Ngi c BMI ln hn 30 d b t vong do bnh mch mu no.
Nu c thm cc yu t nguy c khc (tiu ng type 2, tng huyt p, ri
lon lipid mu) th t qu c th xy ra vi ngi c BMI thp hn (25,029,9).
-Gim kh nng sinh sn: ngi bo ph, m m lm ri lon bung trng,
hng thng trng khng ln ln v chn rng c, cht lng trng km, ri
lon kinh nguyt. M qu nhiu s lp kn bung trng v gy v kinh. Bo
ph cng d gy hi chng a u nang, kh th tinh, d sy thai. Cn lu khi
mn kinh, mt s ph n d tng bo bng.
-Gim chc nng h hp: M tch c honh, lm c honh km uyn chuyn,
s thng kh gim, gy kh th, khin no thiu xy, to hi chng Pickwick
(ng cch qung sut ngy m, lc ng lc tinh). Ngng th khi ng cng l
vn hay gp ngi bo ph nng, nht l khi bo bng v c c qu b.
-Tng vim xng khp: Cc khp chu ng sc nng qu mc s d au.
Lng axit uric ngi bo tng, d gy bnh gt. Nhiu cng trnh nghin
cu khng nh, khi BMI tng, lng axit uric huyt thanh tng theo.
-Ung th: Nam gii bo ph d b ung th i trc trng, con n gii d b ung
th ng mt, v, t cung, bung trng.

- Bnh ng tiu hoa: Ngi bo ph d b bnh ti mt, c bt thng v

gan, gan nhim m, rut nhim m, nhu ng rut gim (gy y hi, to
bn); h mch rut b cn tr, gy tr.
-Tm sinh l: Bo ph lm ngi b nh t ti, trm cm, kh hoa nh p vi mi
ngi.
i vi tr em, chng bo ph cng c tc hi rt ln. Nhng tr ny d b bo
ph khi trng thnh; nguy c mc cc bnh tim mch tng cao (bnh mch
vnh: gp i; x va mch mu: gp 7; tai bin mch no: gp 13 ln).
4. iu tri:
- Hi n nay c rt nhiu cch gim cn nh : T p th dc vi cng cao,
ung thuc gim cn, phu thu t ht m, nhn n tuy nhin, nhng cch
gim cn trn u thiu khoa hc, cha chc t c mc ch m con nh
hng nghim trng n sc khe.
- C nhiu cch iu tr b nh bo ph m vn gi c sc khe tt nh: Thay
i ch n ung, t p th dc v hot ng nhiu hn Nhng a s
nhng ngi bo ph thng t khc phc c, nn ta s xy dng nn m t
khu phn n mi bng thc phm chay gim bt lng Kcal np vo c
th nhng vn p ng c nhu cu thm n ca h t c th gip
ngi b nh bo ph gim c cn n ng theo thi gian.
II. THC PHM CHAY.
1. n chay la gi ?
- Trong n chay ch "Chay" nguyn thy vn l ch Trai, c ngha l thanh
tnh.
- n chay khng nhng gip thn th c khe mnh, tinh thn vui ti m s
lm cho th gii tr nn tt p hn , khi nhu cu n tht gim, ngi ta s
khng duy tr nhng tri chn nui khng l m cht ph thi lm nhim
khng kh v nc ung; cc cht st trng v cht ha hc dng ty ra c
s chn nui, chung tri, lm cn ci t ai, lm thay i bu kh quyn;
sc vt n mi phn ng cc sn xut c mt phn tht lm hao tn
thc phm l ra c th c dng cung cp cho dn chng ca nhng x
ngho i.
- Vic n chay c th do nhiu l do khc nhau: l do o c, y t, tn
gio, chnh tr, mi trng, vn ha, thm m, kinh t.
- Ch n chay thng rt t cht bo c th gip gim cn nhanh v tt cho
sc khe v vy hin nay n chay c nhiu ngi tin tng v p dng vo
thc n gim cn ca mnh.
- Thc n gim cn bng cc mn chay trc tin l gim bt vic hp th
cht bo vo c th v thanh lc thi c t ra ngoi c th. y l phng
php n ung lnh mnh bi nhng mn n c ngun gc t tho mc, tri
cy, ng cc v bt i cc thc phm c thnh phn ng vt. Bi vy n chay
ng cch s c li cho sc khe v vic gim cn hiu qu.

2. Phn loi:
- C 5 loi hnh n chay l:
n chay c dng sa (Lacto Vegetarian): Nhng ngi ny khng n
tht ng vt v trng, nhng dng thm sa v cc ph sn ca sa
nh b, ph mt.
n chay c dng trng(Ovo Vegetarian): Nhng ngi ny khng n tht
ng vt v khng ung sa, nhng co dng thm trng.
n chay c sa v trng(Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians): Nhng ngi ny
khng n tht ng vt, nhng n trng, ung sa v cc ph sn ca
sa nh b, ph mt.
n chay bn phn (flexitarians): Nhng ngi ny khng n tht c mu
, c bit l tht ca ng vt c v, c n c v ng vt bc thp
mu lnh nh tm tp trng, sa, mt ongy l cch chuyn i
thch hp nht cho nhng ai mun tr thnh thun chay ch khng phi
chay k.
n chay tuyt i(Vegan): Nhng ngi ny khng n cc thc phm
c ngun gc t cc loi ng vt, tc l khng n bt c loi tht ng
vt no, khng n trng, khng ung sa v khng n cc sn phm ca
sa, khng n mt ong, cng nh khng tiu dng cc vt dng c lin
h ti s sng ca con vt nh mc o la dt bng t, o len dt bng
lng cu, o lng th, mang giy, bp, v bng da c su, hoc da bo.
III. XY DNG KHU PHN N.
- i tng nhm chn l : Siu Black
Nm sinh: 1964
Ni sinh: Vi t Nam
Chiu cao: 1m55
Cn nng: 70kg

5 BC XY DNG KHU PHN N

-Bc 1: n nh s nng lng m i nhm tng cn n mi ngy

TUI : 52
NGH NHIP : Ca s
Lao ng va
NLCHCB= 8.7W + 829= 8.7 x 70 + 829= 1438 Kcal
Nhu cu nng lng c ngy :1438 x 1.61 =2315,18Kcal

 Nhm gi nh : vic gim cn ca c y l ti a v chc chn vn m bo

khng tn hi sc khe nn gim 10%W trong 3 thang.
10%W=10%.70= 7kg
Trong ba thng gim 7kg => M t ngy cn gim 0,07kg.
NLNC mi ngay la : 2314,2 Kcal
- Bc 2 : La chn cch phn phi calo thch hp gia P:L:G
Da vo tui,gii tnh v tnh cht cng vic ta phn phi ti l : P:L:G la
1:1:4ta c:

S gam ca tng cht P:L:G cn c trong khu phn n

- Bc 3 : Ln thc n mt tun sau khi tham kho bng so snh gi tin v

gi tr dinh dng.
Thc n gim cn cho ngi bo phi vi thc phm chay.
BUI SNG
Bun mng chay + Nho kh + Sa bo.

50 g
150g
40 g
150 g
50 g
50 g
50 g
20 g
30 g
30 g
10 g
20 g
50 g

Protid
(g)
5.45
9.6
4.24
2.25
1.25
0.75
2.75
0
10.8
2.1
0.7
0.1
1.6

Lipid
(g)
2.7
0
0.08
0
0
0
0
20
1.2
0
0.74
0.1
0

Glucid
(g)
0.35
24
26
38.6
2.25
4
2.7
0
7.05
0
3.41
1.52
1.25

Sa bo ti

350 g

13.7

15.4

16.8

Nho kh

50 g

0.2

1.6

Thc n

Thanh phn

Ham lng

Bun mng chay

( 7h 10h)

u h
Mng kh
Mc nh
Bun kh
Sup l xanh
Ca rt
Gia
Du thc vt
Nm hng
Nc tng
Ht tiu
Tng t
Rau mung

Sa bo
( 7h- 10h)
Nho
(10h 11h)

Tng
Nng lng bui sang

28.14
28.02
111.5
810.7 kcal
BUI TRA (11h30 18h)
Cm + Canh rau c + u h st ca chua + Rau ci xao + Bi

Thc n
Cm
Canh rau c
u h st ca
chua
Rau ci xao
Bi

Protid
(g)
Go
80g
6.32
B ao
40g
0.24
Ca rt
20g
0.3
Khoai ty
20g
0.4
Nm
100g
4.6
u h
100g
10.9
Ca chua
100g
1.6
Rau ci
300g
5.1
Du thc vt
20g
0
Xi du
20g
2.3
200g
0.4
Tng
32.16
Nng lng bui tra: 926.5 kcal
BUI TI
Chao nm + Sa bo ti
Thanh phn

Ham lng

Lipid
(g)
0.8
0
0
0
2.76
8.4
0
0
19.94
0
0
31.9

Glucid
(g)
60.96
0.96
1.6
4.2
22.35
0.7
4.2
0.7
0
0
15
127.7

Tng nng lng c ngay = 810.7 + 926.5 + 577.85 = 2315.05 kcal

- Bc 4 : S dng h thng phn loi thc
phm xy dng khu phn n.
Thc n

Thanh phn

Ham lng

Chao nm
(18h30
21h30)

Go t
Nm hng
u h
Nc tng
Du thc vt
Ca rt
Hanh la
Sa bo ti

Sa bo
(22h 23h)

10g
20g
100g
30g
5g
100g
20g

Protid
(g)
0.79
5.2
4.45
2.1
0
1.5
0.26

Lipid
(g)
0.1
0.8
5.4
0
4.9
0
0

Glucid
(g)
44.62
6.7
0.7
0
0
9.8
2.9

200g

5.8

8.8

9.7

19.93

79.52

Tng
20
Nng lng bui ti: 577.85 kcal

- Bc 5 : B sung cho t chi tiu nng lng vi du m,ng nu cn.B

sung cht m vi nc mm,nc chm nu cn.
VI. MT S LU Y.
- Khi p dng khu phn n chay gim cn, t c hi u qu ti a nn
kt hp vi t p th dc nh : Chy b bui sng hay chiu, khi rnh ri nn
kim vi c lm nh ra chn, lau nh trnh nm xem tivi hay ngi trc
my tnh Nn u tin i b thay v i thang my, hn ch n nhng thc n
kh tiu v nhiu nng lng sau 8h ti.
- n a dng nhiu loi thc phm. Trong khu phn n hng ngy, nu thiu
mt thnh phn no lu di, d gy bnh nh thiu cc loi vitamin A, B2,
C, D, E v cht x c th dn n ung th rut v d dy. Nn nh l khng c
bt k mt loi thc phm n c no bao hm y cc cht dinh dng
m c th cn n.
- n cc loi thc phm cng t ch bin hoc cha ch bin cng c li v dinh
dng. C qua mt ln ch bin th cht dinh dng ca thc phm b gim i
do qu trnh chuyn ho. V d nh go c ch bin cho trng v qua qu
trnh nh bng go, lm mt i rt nhiu cht dinh dng nm ngoi v
ht go. Cc loi ng cc khc cng vy v rau tri cy ti tt hn tri cy
ng hp.
- n chng mc, tc l khng nn n qu nhiu mt loi thc phm hoc n
qu t mt loi v khng n qu no hoc qu i v trnh n nhanh, nut
vi.
- Cc i tng khng nn n chay:
+ Tr di 18 tui : ang trong giai on sinh trng nn cn nhiu cht dinh
dng c ng v t m thc v t khng c.
+ Ph n mang thai : khi mang thai gim cn s lm gim c lng Fe, Zn,
khongcng nh cc cht cn cho s pht trin ca thai nhi.
+ Ngi suy ki t
- Nhng ngi n chay d b thiu cc cht nh : Zn, Fe, Vitamin B12 nn b
sung bng cch n cc rau c mu xanh, cc loi u, ng cc
- i vi n chay trng nn b sung thm m t s thuc b khi cn thit.