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Ground improvement using

Geosynthetics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Geosysnthetic matrials
Transportation and geotechnical
Geoenvironmental
Hydraulic engineering
Private development

1. Geosynthetic materials
Geotextile (GT)
Geogrids (GG)
Geonets (GN)
Geomembranes (GM)
Geosynthetic clay liners (GCL)
Geopipe (GP)
Geofoam (GF)
Geocomposites (GC)

2. Transportation and geotechnical


applications
GTs as filters
GTs and GGs as wall
reinforcement
GTs and GGs as slope
reinforcement
GC wick drains (also called PVDs)
GC erosion control

3. Geotechnical aplications
Nature of waste problem
Vertical geomembrane cutoff
walls
Liners for surface impoundments
Heap leach mining

4. Hydraulic engineering
applications
Water proofing of dams
Water proofing of canals
Reservoir liners/Floating covers
New tunnel water proofing
Tunnel rehabilitation
Pipe rehabilitation and
remediation
5. Private development
applications
Tank Farms/Gas stations
Pools, ponds and lakes
Golf courses
Agriculture
Aquaculture

Functions of geosynthetics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Filtration
Drainage
Separation
Protection
Impermeabilization
Reinforcement of walls/steep slopes
Reinforcement of soft soil
Reinforcement of concrete and
asphalt
9. Erosion control or surfacial
stabilization
10.
Confinement

Material properties of geosynthetics


1. Mass per unit area (MUA)- ISO
9864; EN965: 1995 ASTM
2. Tensile creep and creep ruptureEN ISO 13431; 1996 ASTM
3. Compressive behaviour- EN ISO
13432
4. Static puncture test- the test CBR
(EN ISO 12236; 1996)
5. Pyramid puncture- ASTM 5494-93
6. Dynamic puncture test: cone
drop test- ISO 13433; EN 918:1995
7. Impact resistance- CEN TC 189
W114; ISO 13428 draft
8. Abrasion resistance- EN ISO
13427:1995
9. Direct shear friction- EN ISO
12957:1998
10.
Direct shear- EN ISO 129571
11.
Inclined plane test- EN ISO
12957-2
12.
Damage during
installation- ENV ISO 107221:1997
13.
Geosynthetics (composites
internal strength)- EN ISO 134261
14.
Water flow capacity in the
plane- EN ISO 12958:1999
15.
Characteristic opening
size- EN ISO 12956:1999
16.
Resistance to weatheringprEN 12224: 1996
17.
Resistance to
microbiological degradationENV 12225:1996
18.
Resistance to liquids- ENV
ISO 12960
19.
Resistance to thermal
oxidation- prEN ISO 13430

20.
Resistance to hydrolysisprEN 12447

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