Tower Project

Stephen Lewandowski / Ian Rasch

GAT
Mr. Acre
29 April 2014

Lewandowski - Rasch 1

Part 1: Introduction
Tommy Lasorda once said, The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a
man's determination. This quote means that anything can be achieved with some determination.
Mrs. Copeland has a deep love for shapes, and weird shaped buildings. She had assigned what was
thought to be an impossible task, but with the determination and effort that was put into it, the
impossible had been done. It was a building with 18 sides in a 33 by 33 foot plot. With the local laws
the building wasnt allowed to build too close to the edge of the plot so it had to be moved in 3 feet
on each side making the plot that contains the building is 27 by 27 feet. The walls of the building
must be 1 foot thick and there has to be 3 walls. A footing that uses concrete that is 3 feet wide and
3.5 feet deep must be poured to build the tower. Mrs. Copeland and her deep love for things, likes
fish and wants an aquarium underneath a 4 inch Plexiglas floor so she can watch the aquatic animals
and fish swim while working. The aquarium she asked for needed to be filled 75% with water. She
also wanted the building to have a door and two windows, as buildings tend to have. The building
has to be maximized in the plot size that was assigned and must be building in the middle of the plot.
Using just the plot size and the number of sides the side lengths of each of the 18 sided shapes after
each wall had been added, the area of the 18-gons, the surface area, and the volume of the entire
building were able to be determined.

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Part 2: 18 Sided Polygon Maximized on Plot:

Figure 1. Polygonal Base of the Tower

Figure 1 shows all four of the polygonal bases used to build the building and the find the
measurements. It is maximized through the given plot of 27 by 27 from the original 33 by 33, and a
central angle of 20.

Figure 2. Measurements of Polygon 1

Figure 2 shows the measurements of the outermost polygon and the triangles that were used
to find the total surface area of the polygon.

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Poly Size = 33 ft. x 33 ft.

Building plot = 33 ft. - 6 ft. = 27 ft.
Height of Polygon 1 = 27 ft.
Hypotenuse of Triangle of Polygon 1 =
Central Angle of Polygon 1 =

360
18

27
2

ft. = 13.5 ft.

= 20

Angle for Half of the Triangle = 10

x

Side of Polygon 1 = ((sin(10) = 13.5) 2

Side of Polygon 1 = (13.5 sin(10) = x) 2
Side of Polygon 1 ( x = 2.34) 2
Side of Polygon 1 4.69 ft.
Figure 3. Side of Polygon 1
Figure 3 show the order of operations done to get the side length of the first 14 sided
polygon. To gather the altitude of polygon 1, subtract 6 from the 33 by 33 plot size because the local
laws prohibit building within 3 feet of the plot boundaries. Now, to acquire the hypotenuse of the
triangle you divide the height of the polygon by 2 because the triangles hypotenuse is only half of
the polygons height. The central angle of the triangle was found by dividing the number of sides by
360 because 360 is the maximum amount of degrees that it could possibly be, creating the 20
angle. The angle for half of the triangle would be 10 because when the original triangle is divided in
half the central angle is severed into 10. When the triangle was split in half it created two 90
triangles with 10 at the top. So, using the sin equation, which is opposite over hypotenuse, the side
of the polygon was found. Knowing the central angle of 10 and the hypotenuse of 13.5 feet, the
opposite was found. The opposite was about 2.34 feet; multiply by two to get the side of the polygon,
which was about 4.69 feet.

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Height of Triangle = (cos(10) =

13.5

Height of Triangle = (13.5 cos(10) = )

Height of Triangle 13.29 ft.
1

Area of Triangle = 2 ( )
1

Area of Triangle = 2 ((2(13.5 sin(10))) (13.5 cos(10)))

Area of Triangle 31.17 ft2
Area of Polygon 1 = ( )( 1)
1

Area of Polygon 1 = (2 ((2(13.5 sin(10))) (13.5 cos(10)))) (18)

Area of Polygon 1 561.00 ft2

Figure 4. Total Surface Area of Polygon 1

Figure 4 shows the area of triangle of polygon 1 and the area of polygon 1. To get the height
of the triangle, the equation of cos of 10 is used, which is adjacent over hypotenuse, and then solved
for y. The height was about 13.29 feet. Then, to obtain the area of the triangle one half of the base
was multiplied by the height to get an area of about 31.17 feet squared. As shown, for the base and
height of the triangle the last formulas were used instead of the approximate because this way it is as
exact as it can without rounding errors. For the area of the whole polygon, the area of the triangle
was multiplied by the number of total triangle that make up the polygon, which is 18. To give an
approximate of 561.00 feet squared.

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Figure 5. Measurements of Polygon 2

Figure 5 shows the measurements of the second polygon and the triangles that were used to
find the total surface area of the polygon.
Height of Triangle = (13.5 cos(10)) 1
Height of Triangle 12.29 ft.
Central Angle =

360
18

Central Angle = 20
Angle of Half of Triangle = 10
Side of Polygon 2 = (tan(10) =

13.5(cos(10))1

)2

Side of Polygon 2 = ((13.5(cos(10)) 1) tan(10) = ) 2

Side of Polygon 2 = ( = 2.17) 2
Side of Polygon 2 4.34 ft.
Figure 6. Height of Triangle and Side of Polygon 2
Figure 6 show the process of how to get the side length of polygon 2 and the height of the
triangle that will be used to find the area of the polygon. The height of the triangle is 1 foot less than

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the height of polygon 1. The central angle of the polygon is the same as polygon 1; as well as, the
half angle of the triangle. The side of the polygon was found using the equation of tan, which is
opposite over adjacent. The central angle for the half triangle is 10 and the adjacent side is about
12.29 feet, with that the opposite side can be found. The opposite side is about 2.17 feet, and when
you multiply by 2 you get the side of the polygon which is about 4.34 feet.
1

Area of Triangle = 2 ( )
1

Area of Triangle = (((2(13.5 cos(10)) 1)(tan(10))) (13.5 cos(10) 1))

2
Area of Triangle 26.65 ft2
1

Area of Polygon 2 = (((2(13.5 cos(10)) 1)(tan(10))) (13.5 cos(10) 1)) (18)

2

Area of Polygon 2 479.78 ft2

Figure 7. Area of Triangle and Polygon 2

Figure 7 shows how the area of the triangle and polygon was gathered. The area of the
triangle was found using the area formula of a triangle, which is one half the base multiplied by
height, to get the area as approximated 26.65 feet squared. The area of the polygon is just the area of
the triangle multiplied by the number of total triangles, 18, to get the approximate 479.78 feet
squared for the total area of polygon 2.

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Figure 8. Measurements of Polygon 3

Figure 8 shows the measurements of the third polygon and the triangles that were used to find
the total surface area of the polygon.
Height of Triangle = (13.5 cos(10)) 2
Height of Triangle 11.29 ft.
Central Angle =

360
18

Central Angle = 20
Angle of Half of Triangle = 10
Side of Polygon 3 = (tan(10) =

13.5(cos(10))2

)2

Side of Polygon 3 = ((13.5(cos(10)) 2) tan(10) = ) 2

Side of Polygon 3 = ( = 1.99) 2
Side of Polygon 3 3.98 ft.
Figure 9. Height of Triangle and Side Length of Polygon 3

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Figure 9 shows the process of the height of the triangle used to find the area and the side
length of polygon 3. To calculate the height of the triangle, just subtract 2 from the height of polygon
3 to get an approximate of 11.29 feet. The central and the half triangle angle are the same as
polygons 1 and 2 because the number of sides do not change. To find the side length of polygon 3,
the equation tan was used, which is adjacent over hypotenuse. The central angle for tan is 10 and the
adjacent side was approximately 11.29 feet, now the opposite side can be found. The opposite side is
about 1.99 feet and when it was multiplied by 2 it is about 3.89 feet, which is the side length of
polygon 3.
1

Area of Triangle = 2 ( )
1

Area of Triangle = 2 (((2(13.5 cos(10)) 2)(tan(10))) (13.5 cos(10) 2))

Area of Triangle 24.49 ft2
1

Area of Polygon 3 = (((2(13.5 cos(10)) 2)(tan(10))) (13.5 cos(10) 2)) (18)

2

Area of Polygon 3 404.91 ft2

Figure 10. Area of Triangle and Polygon 3

Figure 10 shows the process used to get the area of both the triangle and the polygon. To get
the area of the triangle, the simple triangle formula was used to get the area of 24.49 feet squared.
The area of the polygon was the area of the triangle multiplied by 18 because there is a maximum of
18 triangles to make up the polygon, which gives you an area of 404.91 feet squared.

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Figure 11. Measurements of Polygon 4

Figure 11 shows the measurements of the fourth and final polygon and the triangles that were
used to find the total surface area of the polygon.
Height of Triangle = (13.5 cos(10)) 3
Height of Triangle 10.29 ft.
Central Angle =

360
18

Central Angle = 20
Angle of Half of Triangle = 10
Side of Polygon 4 = (tan(10) =

13.5(cos(10))3

)2

Side of Polygon 4 = ((13.5(cos(10)) 3) tan(10) = ) 2

Side of Polygon 4 = ( = 1.82) 2
Side of Polygon 4 3.63 ft.
Figure 12. Height of Triangle and Side Length of Polygon 4
Figure 12 shows how the height of the triangle and the side length of the polygon was found.
To get the height of the triangle, 3 was subtracted from the height of polygon 1 to get a height of

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10.29 feet. The central angle and the half triangle angle are the same as polygons 1, 2 and 3. The
side length of the polygon was collected using the equation of tan, which is opposite over
hypotenuse. Which was found out to be around 1.82 feet, but when multiplied by 2 to get the
polygons side length it is about 3.63 feet.
1

Area of Triangle = 2 ( )
1

Area of Triangle = (((2(13.5 cos(10)) 3)(tan(10))) (13.5 cos(10) 3))

2
Area of Triangle 21.41 ft2
1

Area of Polygon 4 = (((2(13.5 cos(10)) 3)(tan(10))) (13.5 cos(10) 3)) (18)

2

Area of Polygon 4 336.38 ft2

Figure 13. Area of Triangle and Polygon 4

Figure 13 has the steps of the process of how the area of the triangle and polygon 4 was
acquired. The area of the triangle was gathered using the area of a triangle formula to get the area of
21.41 feet squared. The area of the final polygonal base was found by multiplying the area of the
triangle by 18 because the maximum number of triangle that could be squeezed into the polygon is
18, which turned out to be a whopping 336.38 feet squared.

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Part 3: Volume of Plexiglas, Concrete, Water and Cost

Figure 14. Footing Foundation

Figure 14 show a model of the footings foundation. It show the depth with is three and a half
feet, the length the to the side of polygon 4, which is 10.29 feet, and the length to polygon 1 which is
13.29 feet.
Surface Area of Footing =
561.00 ft2 (Surface Area of Polygon 1) 336.38 ft2 (Surface Area of Polygon 4) 224.61ft2
Volume of Footing = (Surface Area of Footing) (Depth of Footing)
Volume of Footing = 224.61 ft2 3.5 ft.
Volume of Footing 786.15 ft3
Figure 15. Volume and Surface Area of Footing
Figure 15 shows the surface area and volume of the footing. The surface area of the footing
was found by subtracting the surface area of polygon 1 by the surface area of polygon 4 because that
would get the space between them where the footing is, which is about 224.61 feet squared. The
volume of the footing was found by multiplying the surface area of the footing and how deep the
footing has to be to get the approximate of 786.15 feet cubed.

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( )

Cost of Footing = (

27

(786.15)

Cost of Footing = (

27

) 115

) 115

Cost of Footing = (29.12) 115

Cost of Footing $3348.41
Figure 16. Cost of Concrete to Make Footing
Figure 16 shows the formula to calculate the cost to install the concrete for the footing. The
volume of the footing was divided by 27, because there are 27 feet in a yard and the concrete can
only be bought for $115 per cubic yard. Which was why the volume over 27 was multiplied by 115.
Which gave use the approximate of $3348.41.

Figure 17. Plexiglas Floor Model

Figure 17 shows a model of the Plexiglas floor. The length from the center to the side is half
of the height of polygon 4, which is 10.29 feet. The thickness of the floor is 4 inches, or about 0.33
feet because 4 is one third of 12 and one third is about 0.33.

Lewandowski - Rasch 13
1

Volume of the Plexiglas Floor = ( 4) 3

1

Volume of the Plexiglas Floor = (336.38) 3

Volume of the Plexiglas Floor 112.13 ft3
Figure 18. Volume of the Plexiglas Floor
Figure 16 shows the volume formula for the Plexiglas floor. The surface area of polygon 4
was multiplied by one third. The surface area of polygon 4 was used because it going to be placed at
the edge of the footing, which is polygon 4. The surface area was multiplied by one third because the
Plexiglass thickness is 4 inches and 4 inches is one third of 12. The volume of the floor was found to
be about 112.13 ft3.
( 4)

Cost of the Plexiglas = (

32

) 1100

336.38

Cost of the Plexiglas = (

32

) 1100

Cost of the Plexiglas = (11) 1100

Cost of the Plexiglas $12,100
Figure 19. Cost of Plexiglas
Figure 19 shows the formula used to calculate the cost of the Plexiglas installment. The
surface area of polygon 4 was divided by 32 because the sheets are 4 x 8 feet, which is equal to 32
feet squared. The number of sheets need was about 11 because a part of a sheet cannot be bought so
there was some extra. The number of sheets was multiplied by 1100 because each sheet cost $1100,
which is about $12,100.

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Figure 20. Aquarium Model

Figure 20 shows a model of the aquarium. The length from the center to the side was the
same as polygon 4, which was 10.29 feet, because polygon 4 was at the end of the footing. The
height of the aquarium is 3.5 feet, because the footing is 3.5 feet deep.
Volume of the Aquarium = ( 4) 3.5
Volume of the Aquarium = (336.38) 3.5
Volume of the Aquarium 1177.35 ft3
3

Volume of the Water = ( )

4
3

Volume of the Water = 4 (1177.35)

Volume of the Water 883.01 ft3
Figure 21. Volume of the Aquarium and the Water
Figure 21 shows the formulas to calculate the volume of the aquarium and the water inside.
To find the volume of the aquarium, the surface area of polygon 4 was multiplied by 3.5 because it
has the same surface area as polygon 4 and a depth of 3.5. The volume of the aquarium turned out to
be about 1177.35 ft3. The volume of the water was found by multiplying the volume of the aquarium

Lewandowski - Rasch 15

by 3 over 4, because the water is supposed to fill up 75% of the aquarium and 3 over 4 is 75%. The
volume came out to be about 883.01 ft3.
Part 4: One Lateral Face of the Outer Prism Base

Figure 22. Outer Prism Polygon

Figure 22 is a reference back to polygon 2, which is the outer prism. Each side of the polygon
was about 4.34 feet.

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Figure 23. Door, Lateral Face, and Measurements

Figure 23 shows the one lateral face of the outer prism of the tower. The length of the smaller
side of the rectangle was about 4.34 feet, which is the side length of polygon 2, and the longer side of
the rectangle was about 8.67 feet, because it had to be twice the length of the smaller side. The
dimensions of the door are 5ft by 3 ft. The top part of the door is half of polygon 2, but with different
measures.
Side of Top Half of Polygon on Lateral Face = 2(1.5 tan(10))
Side of Top Half of Polygon on Lateral Face 0.53 ft.
Figure 24. Side of Top Half of Polygon on Lateral Face
Figure 24 shows the formula to calculate the side of the polygon that makes up the top half of
the door. 2 was multiplied by the quantity of 1.5 feet time the tan of 10. 1.5 was found because the
length from side to side of the polygon is 3 feet, because the door has to be 3 feet wide and 3 divided
by 2 is equal to 1.5 feet. The 1.5 was multiplied by the tan of 10 because the central angle is 20 and

Lewandowski - Rasch 17

it was split in half. That number was then multiplied by 2 because it was only half of the side, which
came out to be about 0.53 feet.
1

Area of Door = 3(5) + (9) ( ) (0.53) (1.5)

2
Area of Door 15 + 3.57
Area of Door 18.57 ft2
Figure 25. Area of Door
Figure 25 shows the formula used to gather the area of the door. The area of the rectangular
part of the door was 3 multiplied by 5 because the area formula is base multiplied by height, which is
15 ft2. The area of the half polygon on top of the door was a bit trickier. The formula was the number
of sides multiplied by one half, multiplied by the side length, multiplied by the apothem. The
apothem was already known to be 1.5 and the side length was figured out in the previous figure,
which was about 3.57 ft2. Then, the two areas were added together to get the sum of 18.57 ft2.

Figure 26. Lateral Face with Window.

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Figure 26 shows the lateral face with the window on it, and the measurements. This is the
same Figure 23 previously mentioned just without the door and the full polygon.
1

Area of the Window = (18) ( ) (0.53)(1.5)

2
Area of the Window 7.14 ft2
Figure 27. Area of the Window
Figure 27 displays the formula used to calculate the area of the window. Since it is the same
shape as the one used for the door, it was easy to get the area. The only difference is that the number
of sides was doubled from 9 to 18 because this is the full polygon. To get the area of about 7.14 ft 2.
Lateral Surface Area = 18(4.34)(8.67) (18.57 + (2(7.14)))
Lateral Surface Area 676.78 32.85
Lateral Surface Area 643.93 ft2.
Figure 28. Lateral Surface Area of the Outer Prism
Figure 28 expresses the formula to get the lateral surface area of the outer prism. The total
lateral surface area is the number of rectangles that make up the side, which is 18, multiplied by the
height and the base of the rectangles, which is about 4.34 and 8.67. That number then had the area of
the door and window subtracted. Since there were two windows the area of the windows was
multiplied by two, which was about 32.85 ft2. The total lateral surface area was about 643.93 ft2.

Lewandowski - Rasch 19

Part 5: Volume of the Inner Base Prism

Figure 29. Polygon of the Inner Prism

Figure 29 is a drawing of polygon 3 and the side was previously measured and was about
3.98 feet.

Figure 30. Lateral Face of the Inner Prism

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Figure 30 shows the lateral face of the inner prism. The length of the shorter side is the side
length of polygon 3, and the height is the same as the outer lateral face, which is 2 multiplied by the
side length of polygon 2.
Volume of the Inner Prism 404.91(8.67)
Volume of the Inner Prism 3511.24 ft3
Figure 31. Volume of the Inner Prism
Figure 31 shows the formula used to determine the volume of the inner prism. The area of
polygon 3 was multiplied by the height of the lateral face, which was 8.67 feet, to get the area of
3511.24 ft3.
Part 6: Pyramid Top of the Outer Pyramid showing the Height of the Outer Pyramid and the Slant
Height of One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid.

Figure 32. Outer Pyramid Model

Figure 32 displays the base of outer pyramid and one of the triangular lateral sides. The side
of the base is the side of polygon 2, which is about 4.34 feet. The apothem is also already known

Lewandowski - Rasch 21

because of the base is polygon 2 so the apothem was already figured out, which is about 12.29 feet.
The height of the pyramid was found out because it has to be 3 times the side of the base, so 3
multiplied by 4.34 is about 13.01 feet. The slant height has to be found later.
Slant Height (12.292 + 13.012 )
Slant Height (151.17 + 169.20)
Slant Height (320.36)
Slant Height 17.90 ft.
Figure 33. Slant Height of Outer Pyramid
Figure 33 displays the formula to gather the slant height of the pyramid. To do this the
Pythagorean Theorem was used. The Pythagorean Theorem is a2+b2=c2. With c being the
hypotenuse the other two numbers where the apothem and the height of the pyramid. Once,
substituted the numbers where squared, added, and square rooted to get about 17.90 ft. for the slant
height.
13.01

tan() = (12.29)
13.01

tan1 (12.29)
46.61
Figure 34. Angle Measure Between the Prism Base and the Pyramid Face
Figure 34 displays the formula to find the angle measure. The formula used was a
trigonometry function called tangent. The tangent of Theta is equal to 13.01 over 12.29 because it is
opposite side of the angle measure over adjacent side to the angle measure. Theta was used because
the angle measure was unknown. So, the inverse tangent of 13.01 over 12.29 is equal to the angle
measure, which is about 46.61.

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Part 7: One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid

Figure 35. Lateral Face of Outer Pyramid

Figure 35 shows one of the lateral faces of the outer pyramid and the height and base have
already been known. The height is the slant height found in Figure 33, and is about 17.90 feet. The
base is the side length of polygon 2, which is about 4.34 feet.
17.90

tan() = (4.34/2)
17.90

tan1 (4.34/2)
83.09
Figure 36. Finding the Two Base Angles

Lewandowski - Rasch 23

Figure 36 displays the tangent trigonometry function used the find the two base angles
measurements with the two sides found previously. The tangent function is opposite side over
adjacent side, so 17.90 feet over half of 4.34 feet. Half of 4.34 is used instead of 4.34 because we are
only dealing with half of the side to figure out the angle. The inverse tangent of 17.90 over half of
4.34 will get the measure of angle theta. The base angles are the same and are approximately 83.09.
4.34/2

tan() = ( 17.90 )
4.34/2

tan1 ( 17.90 )
13.81
Figure 37. Finding the Angle Measure at the Top of the Lateral Face
Figure 37 shows the tangent trigonometry function that was implemented to get the measure
of angle beta, which is at the top of the lateral face. The opposite side of the angle is the side that is
half of 4.34 feet, and the adjacent side of the angle is the slant height that is about 17.90 feet. So, the
inverse tangent of half of 4.34 over 17.90 is equal to approximately 13.81.
1

Surface Area of One Lateral Face (2) (4.34) (17.90)

Surface Area of One Lateral Face 38.80 ft2
Lateral Surface Area (38.80) (18)
Lateral Surface Area 698.45 ft2
Figure 38. Lateral Surface Area of Outer Pyramid
Figure 38 displays the way of calculation done to get the lateral surface area. The surface
area of one of the lateral faces was found by multiplying one half by the quantity of base multiplied
by height, because it is a triangle and the triangle area formula is (Base)(Height). The surface area
was about 38.80 feet squared. Then, the area was multiplied by 18 because there are 18 total triangles
that make up the lateral surface area of the outer pyramid.

Lewandowski - Rasch 24

Part 8: Pyramid Top of the Inner Pyramid Showing the Height of the Inner Pyramid

Figure 39. Model of Inner Pyramid

Figure 39 show a model of the inner pyramid. Side and apothem measurements are the same
as polygon 3, because polygon 3 is the base. The height of the pyramid was found because the height
has to be three times larger than the side of the polygonal base. 3.98 times 3 is about 11.95 ft.
1

Volume of Inner Pyramid = ( ) ()

3

Volume of Inner Pyramid 3 (404.91) (11.95)

Volume of Inner Pyramid 1612.83 ft3
Figure 40. Volume of Inner Pyramid
Figure 40 display the method used to calculate the volume of the inner pyramid. The area
formula for a pyramid is one third area multiplied by the quantity of the area of the base multiplied
by the height, which is about 1612.83 ft3.

Lewandowski - Rasch 25

Part 9: The Tower

Figure 41. The Completed Tower

Figure 41 displays the completely finished tower.
Total Surface Area of the Tower =
(Outer Prism Lateral Surface Area) + (Outer Pyramid Lateral Surface Area)
Total Surface Area of the Tower (643.93) + (698.45)
Total Surface Area of the Tower 1342.38 ft2
Figure 42. Total Surface Area of the Tower
Figure 42 shows the total surface are of the tower. To get the total surface area of the tower,
the lateral surface area of the outer prism and pyramid together. To get the total surface area of
1342.38 ft2.

Lewandowski - Rasch 26

Total Volume of the Tower = (Volume of Inner Prism) + (Volume of Inner Pyramid)
Total Volume of the Tower (3511.24) + (1612.82)
Total Volume of the Tower 5124.07 ft3
Figure 43. Total Volume of the Tower
Figure 43 displays the formula used to gather the total volume of the tower. The volume
of the towers volume is equal to the volume of the inner prism plus the inner pyramid, which is
about 5124.07 ft3.
Part 10: Conclusion
During the calculations of the tower a couple issues had occurred with the area
calculations in part 2. The height of the triangles got messed up causing the area to be off by a
couple hundred for polygons 2, 3, and 4. The height was fixed quickly and the correct area was
found.
The tower was designed and the calculations are correct and complete. The total surface
area was 1342.38 ft2, which will allowed for all of the interior decoration needed. The total
volume was 5124.07 ft3, which is an exceptionally great amount of space for anything that could
be needed. A scale model will be made with some ideas for decoration. All other buildings will
cower in fear of this magnificent tower and its radiant beauty.