Medications Glossary

Medication

Drug Class

Indications

Contraindications/ Use
Caution With
Recent use of alcohol,
sedatives, tranquilizers, or
narcotics; use of MAO
inhibitors; liver disease,
cirrhosis, IBD, bowel
obstruction, colostomy or
ileostomy, kidney disease,
hypotension, dehydration,
TBI, stroke, brain tumor,
COPD, asthma, breathing
problems
Heart disease, HTN, CHF,
arrhythmias, epilepsy,
DM, hyperthyroidism,
hypokalemia, <4 years old

NutritionRelated Side
Effects

Drug-Nutrient
Interactions

Upset stomach,
constipation, dry
mouth

Avoid alcohol, avoid

grapefruit juice

Acetaminophen and
Oxycodone
(Endocet, Percocet,
Primlev, Roxicet,
Xartemis XR)

Analgesic, narcotic,
opioid combination
drug

Relieve moderate to
severe pain

Albuterol

Bronchodilator

Bronchospasm

Allopurinol

Reduces production
of uric acid

Treat kidney stones

and gout

Allergies to the
medication

Vomiting,
diarrhea, change
in taste

Drink 8 full glasses of

water everyday, avoid
alcohol

Antianxiety,
Antipanic

Anxiety disorders,
panic disorders,
anxiety caused by
depression

Pregnancy, narrow-angle
glaucoma, allergies to
benzodiazepines

Anorexia, wt loss,
increased
appetite, wt gain

Avoid alcohol, limit

caffeine (<400-500
mg/d), avoid grapefruit

Ventricular
tachycardia,
ventricular
fibrillation

ONLY for life-threatening

heart rhythm disorders

N/V, constipation

Avoid grapefruit juice

HTN, angina, CAD

Allergies to amlodipine

Stomach pain

Bacterial infections
of bladder, stomach,

Allergies to penicillin abx

N/V, stomach
pain

Alprazolam
(Xanax)

Amiodarone
(Cordarone)
Amlodipine
(Norvasc)
Ampicillin
(Principen)

Keep heart beating

normally for those
with life-threatening
heart rhythm
disorders
Ca channel blockers,
antihypertensive
Antibiotic

Nausea, diarrhea,
upset stomach

MVI can decrease

effects of drug
Reduced absorption in
presence of food

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Anticoagulant

intestines;
gonorrhea, PNA,
meningitis
Lower risk of stroke
caused by blood clot
in atrial fibrillation,
prevent DVT or
pulmonary embolism

If you have artificial heart

valve, active bleeding

Avoid St. Johns Wort,

Antihyperlipidemic

Lower cholesterol,
LDL, and TGs

Pregnancy, breast feeding,

liver disease

Nausea, abd pain,

constipation,
diarrhea,
flatulence

Avoid grapefruit

Azithromycin
(Zithromax)

Antibiotic

Treat bacterial
infections

Jaundice or liver problems

with this medication or
allergies to similar meds

Diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting,
stomach pain

Take on empty stomach

1 hr before or 2 after;
do not take w/Al or Mg
supplements/antacids

Bisacodyl
(Dulcolax)

Laxative

Stimulates BM

Stomach pain, N/V

Nausea, belching,
cramping,
diarrhea

High fiber diet with

1.5-2 L fluid

Candesartan
(Atacand)

Angiotensin II
Receptor Antagonist

HTN, kidney
problems caused by
DM

Stomachache,
diarrhea

Avoid alcohol, avoid K

supplements or salt
subs

Carvediol (Coreg)

Beta-Blocker

HTN, CHF

Diarrhea, wt gain

Avoid alcohol, reduce

Na/kcal, avoid licorice

Antibiotic

Bacterial infections,
including severe or
life-threatening
forms

If you have DM, do not

take w/drug containing
aliskiren
Asthma, bronchitis,
emphysema, severe liver
disease, serious heart
condition
Allergies to any
cephalosporin antibiotic
or penicillin, kidney or
liver disease, stomach or
intestinal disorders,
malnourishment
Caution with decreased
renal and hepatic function,

Stomach pain,
anorexia,

Contains sodium
consider this for
sodium restricted
patients

Atorvastatin
(Lipitor)

Cefazolin (Ancef,
Kefzol)
Cefriaxone Sodium
(Rocephin)

Antibiotic

Treat infections of
lower respiratory
tract, skin,
bone/joint, and

Oral candidiasis,
sore mouth,
anorexia, N/V,
diarrhea

Avoid alcohol

urinary tract; pelvic

inflammatory
disease, gonorrhea,
meningitis, and
septicemia
Chlordiazepoxide

Cinacalcet
(Sensipar)

Antianxiety
(Benzodiazepine)
Decreases level of
PTH, Ca, and P in
body

Increased thirst
Hyperthyroidism in
those with ESRD;
hypercalcemia in
those with
parathyroid CA or
overactive
parathyroid

Hypocalcemia

N/V

Check Ca and P levels

often, take with food

Taking tizanidine, allergic

to fluroquinolones, muscle
disorders, pregnancy,
breast feeding, caution
with decreased renal
function or seizures

Divalent or
trivalent cations,
milk, yogurt,
enteral product or
calcium fortified
foods decrease
drub abs
&bioavailability;
adequate
hydration; bad
taste, N/V, abd
pain, diarrhea

Avoid/limit caffeine
(increases caffeine
effects), avoid
grapefruit/citrus

Avoid alcohol

Ciprofloxacin
(Cipro)

Antibiotic

Bacterial infections;
exposure to anthrax

Clonidine

Decreases levels of
certain chemicals in
blood to lower BP

HTN

Do not take 2 forms of

clonidine at the same time

Dry mouth,
increased thirst
Dyspepsia, N/V,
abdominal pain,
GI bleeding,
diarrhea,
constipation
N/V, upset

Clopidogrel
(Plavix)

Platelet aggregation
inhibitor

Decrease risk of new

ischemic stroke,
vascular death

Lactation, decreased
hepatic function, bleeding
disorders or conditions,
peptic ulcer

Cyclobenzaprine

Muscle relaxant

Tx skeletal muscle

Use of MAOI in past 14

Food significantly
increases
bioavailability; take
w/food if GI distress
occurs; avoid
grapefruit/related citrus
Avoid alcohol

Diltiazem

Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl)

Docusate (Colace)

conditions, like pain

days

stomach,
constipation

Ca channel blocker

HTN, angina, heart

rhythm disorders

Hypotension, serious heart

conditions such as sick
sinus syndrome or an AV
block, recent heart attack,
fluid in lungs

Nausea

Avoid grapefruit, avoid

alcohol, avoid herbal
supplements

Antihistamine, Sleep
aid, Antivertigo

Sneezing, itchy,
watery eyes, runny
nose, hives, cold
allergy symptoms,
motion sickness,
symptoms of
Parkinsons disease

Allergies to the med

Anorexia, dry
mouth,
constipation, N/V

Alcohol

Stool softener

Constipation relief

Enoxaparin
(Lovenox)

Anticoagulant

Treat or prevent deep

vein thrombosis;
prevent blood vessel
complications in
people with angina
or MI

Escitalopram
(Lexapro)

Antidepressant,
SSRI

Anxiety, Major
Depressive Disorder

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

Antihyperlipidemia

Famotidine
(Pepcid)

Antiulcer,
AntiGERD,
Antisecretory

Reduces amount of
cholesterol absorbed
ty the body
Treat and prevent
ulcers in stomach
and intestines,

N/V or severe stomach

pain, intestinal
obstruction, severe
chronic stomach pain
Active bleeding, low level
of platelets, renal failure,
using NSAIDs, spinal tap,
pork allergy, allergies to
heparin or benzyl alcohol,
HTN, stomach ulcer,
diabetic induced
retinopathy
Take pimozide or methyl
blue injection, use of
MAOI in past 14 days

Allergies to similar meds

Gas, bloating,
mild diarrhea,
rectal irritation

Nausea, diarrhea

None noted

Nausea, gas,
heartburn,
constipation, wt
changes

Avoid tryptophan,
avoid alcohol

Mild stomach
pain, diarrhea

Decreased fat and

cholesterol diet

N/V, diarrhea,
constipation

Limit caffeine, bland

diet may be
recommended;

GERD

Fenofibrate
(TriCor)

Filgrastim
(Neupogen)

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Furosemide (Lasix)

Galantamine

decreases absorption
B12 & Fe, Mg or Al
decreases drug
absorption
Avoid alcohol, caution
with soy allergy, adjust
fats, cholesterol, and
kcals

Antihyperlipidemic

Reduce cholesterol
and TG in blood; can
be used to treat gout

Liver disease, severe

kidney disease or on
dialysis, gallbladder
disease, breast-feeding

N/V, diarrhea,
flatulence

Colony stimulating
factor

Increases production
and activity of
neutrophils; treat
neutropenia caused
by cancer, bone
marrow transplant,
chemotherapy

Allergic to filgrastim or
meds containing E. coli

N/V

None

Major depressive
disorder, bulimia
nervosa, OCD, panic
disorder

Use of MAO inhibitor,

thioridazine, pimozide, or
methyl blue injection;
cirrhosis, kidney disease,
DM, glaucoma, epilepsy,
bipolar disorder, drug
abuse/suicidal thoughts,
treatment with ECT, <18
years old

Upset stomach,
anorexia, N/V,
diarrhea, dry
mouth, changes in
weight or appetite

Avoid alcohol, St.

Johns Wort

Increase K and Mg (or

K/Mg supplement),
decrease kcal, decrease
Na; avoid licorice

None

Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitor
Antidepressant

Diuretic (KDepleting),
Antihypertensive

Edema associated
with CHF, renal or
hepatic diseases

Unable to urinate

Anorexia,
increased thirst,
oral irritation,
cramps, N/V,
diarrhea,
constipation

AntiAlzheimers,
Acetylcholinesterase
Inhibitor

Vascular & mixed

dementia, cognitive
proglems in
schizophrenia

Not for lactating mothers,

caution with declining
hepatic or renal function,
caution with peptic ulcer,
cardiac disease, asthma,
COPD, or seizures

N/V, anorexia, wt
loss, abd pain,
flatulence,
diarrhea

Glimpepiride
(Amaryl)
Guaifenesin
(Mucinex)

Habitrol (Nicotine)

Hydralazine

Aids in BG control

DMt2

In state of DKA

Nausea

Avoid alcohol; monitor

BG closely

Expectorant

Loosen congestion in
chest and throat

<4 years old

N/V, upset
stomach

None

Aid in smoking
cessation and reduce
in withdrawal
symptoms

Heart disorders, HTN,

DM, stomach ulcer, food
allergy, low salt diet,
taking other smoking
cessation meds, pregnancy
or lactation, PKU, <18
years old

Dry mouth, upset

stomach, burping,
hiccups, mouth or
throat soreness,
changes in taste

Caffeine minor
interaction

CAD, rheumatic heart

disease affecting the
mitral valve

Dry mouth, N/V,

GI irritation,
diarrhea,
constipation,
anorexia,
increased thirst

Reduce Na, kcal,

increase K or Mg

Constipation,
N/V, stomach
pains, dry mouth

Avoid alcohol,

Primary ingredient
in tobacco products

Antihypertensive,
CHF treatment,
Vasodilator

Hydromorphone
(Dilaudid)

Analgesic, opioid
pain med (narcotic)

Hyoscyamine
(Levsin)

Anticholinergic
agent

HTN

Around the clock

moderate to severe
pain

Decreases motion of
stomach and
intestines and
secretions of
stomach fluids,
including acids; tx

Hx of drug abuse or
addiction, severe asthma
or breathing problems,
blockage in stomach or
intestines, paralytic ileus,
use of MAO inhibitor,
TBI, brain tumor,
seizures, liver or kidney
disease, Addisons
disease, problems with
thyroid, pancreas, or
gallbladder, pregnancy,
lactation
Esophageal problems,
blockage of
stomach/bowel/bladder,
bowel motility problems,
glaucoma, myasthenia
gravis, heart problems,

Dry mouth, N/V,

constipation

stomach/bowel
problems (ulcers,
spasms, cramping,
IBD, bladder
problems, and
pacreatitis

severe bleeding

Ketorolac (Sprix)

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug

(NSAID)

Short term use to

treat moderate to
severe pain; reduce
substances in body
that cause pain,
fever, and
inflammation

Do not use >5 days, do

not use before or after
CABG, use of other
NSAIDs, severe kidney
disease, bleeding or
clotting disorder, stomach
ulcer or stomach bleeding,
breast feeding, asthma or
severe allergic reactions to
asprin

Lactobacillus
acidophilus

Biotherapeutic
agent; antidiarrheal,
live microbial
supplement

Treat intestinal and

vaginal infections

Lactulose

Laxative; to treat
increased ammonia
levels

Severe constipation,
portal systemic HTN

Diet low in galactose;

DM; severe or ongoing
diarrhea

Levemir (insulin
Detemir)

Antidiabetic,
Hypoglycemic

Diabetes, lower
blood glucose

Do not change dose

without consulting doctor

Levofloxacin
(Levaquin)

Antibiotic

Bacterial infections
of skin, sinuses,
kidneys, bladder, or
prostate; exposure to
anthrax or plague;

Muscle disorder, caution

with diabetes, decreased
renal function or seizures

Throat irritation

Avoid alcohol

Burping,
vomiting,
diarrhea

Not with milk allergy

Belching, cramps,
flatulence

High fiber diet with

1.5-2 L daily; do not
take with antacids, Ca
or Mg supplements

Increase wt, CHO

control diet;
stress, illness,
pregnancy, heavy
smoking, or large
wt gain increases
insulin needs
Taste loss, N/V,
diarrhea, abd
pain,
constipation,
flatulence, insure

Avoid alcohol

Can interact with

enteral feeds

bronchitis or
pneumonia

liberal fluid
intake

Levothyroxine
(Levothyroid)

Replacement
hormone for thyroid
gland

Hypothyroidism,
goiter

To treat obesity or wt
problems,

Linezolid (Zyvox)

Antibiotic

Bacterial infections

Use of MAOI w/in 14

days

Oral candidiasis
taste changes,
N/V, diarrhea
Anorexia, wt loss,
dysgeusia, dry
mouth, N/V, and
pain,
constipation,
diarrhea

Lisinopril

ACE Inhibitor,
Antihypternsive

HTN, CHF, improve

survival after MI

Angioedema

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Antianxiety
Benzodiazepine

Anxiety disorders

Glaucoma,

N/V, constipation,
appetite changes

Losartan (Cozaar)

Antihypertensive,
Type 2 Diabetic
Nephropathy
Treatment

HTN, T2DM
neuropathy

Pregnancy

Stomach pain,
diarrhea

Maalox

Antacid,
Antiflatulent

Heartburn, upset
stomach, indigestion,
bloatin

Allergies to the
medication

Chalky taste

Laxative, Antacid

Occasional
constipation,
indigestion, upset
stomach, and
heartburn

Stomach pain, N/V unless

with doctors advice,
pregnancy

Chalky taste,
nausea, cramping,
diarrhea

Children <12

Dry mouth,
vomitting

Magnesium
Hydroxide
Meclizine

Antihistimine,
Antiemetic

Reduces effect of
natural histamine in
body, prevent N/V r/t
motion sickness,
treat symptoms of

Avoid high tyramine

food, avoid alcohol
Avoid salt subs,
alcohol, natural
licorice; insure
adequate fluids, caution
with K, Mg, and iron
supplements
Limit/avoid alcohol
use, obesity may
prolong half life
Caution with K
supplement or salt sub;
decrease Na and kcals;
avoid natural licorice
and grapefruit
No grapefruit, take Fe
or Fol separately by 2
hr
High fiber w/1.5-2L of
water; take Fe or Fol
supplement separately
by at least 2 hrs, only
15-30% of Mg
absorbed
Avoid alcohol

vertigo

Memantine
(Namenda XR)

Methlynaltrexone
(Relistor)

NMDA Receptor
Antagonist

Blocks effects of
opioid medication

Alzheimers disease,
vascular dementia

Reduces constipation
caused by narcotic
medication (usually
used after laxatives
have not been
effective)
Prevent release of
substances that cause
inflammation;
arthritis, lupus,
psoriasis, UC,
allergic disorders

Methylprednisolone
(Medrol)

Steroid

Metoclopramide
(Reglan)

Increases muscle
contractions in upper
GI tract

GERD,
gastroparesis,

Metoprolol
(Lopressor, Toprol)

Antihypertensive,
Antiangina, CHF
Tx, MI Tx

Cardio-selective
beta-blocker, affect
heart and circulation

Metrondazole

Antibiotic

Bacterial infections
of vagina, stomach,
skin, joints, and
respiratory tract

Caution with decreased

hepatic or renal function,
caution with seizures,
obesity, hypothyroidism,
asthma/bronchospasm,
decreased pulmonary
function

Anorexia, dry
mouth, N/V, GI
pain, constipation

Blockage in stomach or
intestines

Stomach pain,
gas, mild nausea,
diarrhea,

Fungal infection

Bleeding or blockage in
stomach or intestines,
epilepsy, adrenal gland
tumor, perforation in
stomach or intestines
Serious cardiac conditions
like sick sinus
syndrome or AV block,
bradycardia, uncontrolled
heart failure, unable to
urinate
First trimester of
pregnancy, liver disease,
stomach or intestinal
disease, Crohns disease,
anemia, leukopenia,

Avoid alcohol

Stomach
discomfort,
bloating

Avoid grapefruit juice;

may cause
hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and fluid
retention, monitor
cholesterol and lipids

N/V, diarrhea

Avoid alcohol

Dry mouth, N/V,

diarrhea,
constipation

Avoid alcohol, reduce

kcals and Na, avoid
licorice

Stomach pain,
diarrhea, dry
mouth, metallic
taste, swollen or
sore tongue

Avoid alcohol, contains

sodium consider this
for patients with
sodium restriction

epilepsy, nerve disorders,

lactation
Severe heart disease,
kidney disease or unable
to urinate, adrenal gland
tumor, overactive thyroid,
HTN

Midodrine
(ProAmatine)

Antihypotensive

Low blood pressure

Mirtazapine
(Remeron)

Antidepressant,
NaSSa

Major Depressive
Disorder

Taking tryptophan, use of

MAOI w/in 14 days

Increase appetite,
increase wt,
increase thirst,
anorexia

Avoid alcohol

Mupirocin Topical
(Bactroban)

Antibiotic

Skin infections

Large open wounds

None noted

None noted

Naloxone (Narcan)

Blocks or reverses
effects of
opioids/narcotics

Opioid/narcotic
overdose

Heart disease

N/V, diarrhea,
stomach pain,
stomach cramps

None noted

Nifedipine

Antihypertensive,
Antiangina, Ca
Channel Blocker

HTN, angina

Severe CAD, MI in past 2

weeks

Constipation,
diarrhea,
flatulence

Avoid alcohol, avoid

ginger, ginkgo,
ginseng, natural
licorice, grapefruit

Norco

Acetomenophen and
hydrocodone
(opiod/narcotic) pain
med

Relieve moderate to
severe pain

Use of MAOI in past 14

days

Upset stomach,
constipation, dry
mouth

Avoid alcohol

Antiemetic

Prevent N/V that

may be caused by
cancer treatment
(chemo/RT)

Preventing non-cancer
induced N/V, liver
disease, PKU, <4 years
old

Oxandrolone
(Oxandrin)

Antiwasting,
Anabolic steroid

To promote wt gain
after surgery, trauma,
infection; to offset
protein catabolism
from corticosteroids

Prostate cancer, CKD,

hypercalcemia, breast
cancer, pregnancy

Oxycodone
(OxyContin)

Analgesic, narcotic,
opioid

Relieve moderate to
severe pain

Severe asthma or
breathing problems,

Ondansetron
(Zofran)

nausea

Diarrhea,
constipation, dry
mouth, abdominal
pain
N/V, diarrhea,
increase appetite,
increase wt,
increase LBM,
increased protein
synthesis
Dry mouth, N/V,
diarrhea,

Can be taken with or

without food

Adequate kcals and

protein, reduce Na
Avoid alcohol, avoid
grapefruit

obstruction in stomach or
intestines, hx of addition,
allergies to narcotics

constipation

Lack of pancreatic
enzymes, cystic
fibrosis, pancreatitis,
blockage of
pancreatic ducts

Pork protein allergies,

acute pancreatitis

N/V, stomach
pain, diarrhea,
constipation,
bloating, gas,
steatorrhea, rectal
irritation, wt loss

May need to limit fat in

diet

Proton pump
inhibitor decreases
amount of stomach
acid produced

Erosive esophagitis,
Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome,
gastric/duodenal
ulcer, GERD, H.
pylori infection

Allergies to
benzimidazole
medications, atazanavir,
or nelfinavir, severe
decline of hepatic
function, immediate relief
of heartburn symtpoms,
osteoporosis or
osteopenia, low
magnesium

Risk for B12

deficiency if used
>3 years, N/V,
diarrhea,
abdominal pain,
gas

Mix with applesauce or

apple juice only (mix
with 1 tsp for 5 seconds
and swallow
immediately)

Man-made vitamin
D

Prevent
hyperparathyroidism
in people w/CKD

High levels of Ca or Vit D

in blood

Vomiting,
diarrhea

Avoid calcium
supplements or
antacids, do not take
other MVI unless
prescribed by MD

Piperacillin and
Tazobactam
(Zosyn)

Antibiotic

Bacterial infections
(i.e. UTI, bone and
joint infections,
vaginal infections,
stomach infections,
pneumonia etc.)

Penicillin antibiotic
allergies, kidney disease,
bleeding or blood clotting
disorders, low serum
potatssium, CF, low
sodium diet,
cephalosporin antibiotic
allergies

N/V, stomach
pain,
constipation,
diarrhea, anorexia

Drug contains sodium

that should be
considered in
sodium/fluid restricted
patients; may cause or
exacerbate
hypokalemia

Potassium
Phosphate &
Sodium Phosphate
(Neutra-Phos)

Make urine more

acidic

Prevent kidney
stones

Severe kidney disease,

high levels of P in body

N/V, stomach
pain, diarrhea,
increased thirst

Avoid MVI containing

Ca or Vit D, avoid K
supplements or salt
subs

Pancrelipase

Pantoprazole
(Protonix)

Paricalcitol
(Zemplar)

Pancreatic hormone
replacement (lipase,
protease, amylase)

Pravastatin
(Pravachol)
Prochlorperazine
(Compazine)
Promethazine
(Phenergan)

HMG CoA
Reductase Inhibitor;
statins
Antipsychotic,
Antiemetic
Antihistamine,
antiemetic, sedative,
sleep aid

Lower cholesterol
and TGs

Pregnant, breast feeding,

liver disease

diarrhea

Avoid high fat foods

and cholesterol, avoid
alcohol

Schizophrenia,
anxiety, severe N/V
Treat allergy
symptoms, prevent
motion sickness/N/V,

Dementia, recent use of

sedatives or narcotics

Dry mouth,
constipation

Avoid alcohol

Asthma, PNA, lower

respiratory tract infections

Dry mouth

Avoid alcohol

IV infusion rate
of 30 mL/hr
provides 790
kcals, for use
<72 hrs low fat
enteral feed or
low fat TPN

Avoid alcohol, not with

egg or soy allergy, not
for pediatric use,
caution with
hyperlipidemia, acture
pancreatitis, lipid
nephrosis diabetes,
cardiac disease,
HIV/AIDS, decreased
renal function,
decreased hepatic
function, seizures,
geriatric, anemia

Propofol (Diprivan)

Anesthesia, sedative

Slows activity of
brain and nervous
system, before and
during surgery, for
intubated pts on a
ventilator

Pseudoephedrine
(Sudafed)

Decongestant

Sinus congestion

Use of MAOI in past 14

days

Antipsychotic

Schizophrenia,
bipolar disorder,
major depressive
disorder

<13 years old, pregnancy

Reduces loss of bone

tissue; reduce risk of
invasive breast
cancer

Hx of a blood clot,
pregnancy, or breastfeeding

none

Limit alcohol; adequate

Ca and Vit D essential

Travelers diarrhea

Liver disease, younger

none

none

Quetiapine
(Seroquel)

Raloxifene (Evista)

Rifaxmin (Xifran)

Osteoporosis
treatment &
prevention, breast
cancer prevention in
post-menapausal
women
Antibiotic

Allergies to it

Anorexia, dry
mouth
Increased
appetite, weight
gain, obesity,
anorexia, dry
mouth, abd pain,
constipation

Limit caffeine

Avoid alcohol, avoid

grapefruit

than 12 years old

Dry mouth, upset
stomach,
constipation, wt
gain, changes in
salivation,
dysphagia
Causes BM in 612 hours, N/V,
cramps, bloating

Risperidone
(Risperda)

Antipsychotic,
Antimanic

Schizophrenia,
bipolar disorder

Dementia, last trimester of

pregnancy, breastfeeding

Senna (Senokot)

Laxative (alternative
medicine)

Relieve constipation

Pregnancy

Antidepressant,
SSRI

OCD, panic disorder,

PTSD, PMDD,
social anxiety,
depression

Taken MAOI inhibitor in

past 14 days, <18 years
old, pregnancy, liver or
kidney disease, epilepsy,
bleeding or clotting
disorder, bipolar disorder,
drug abuse

Anorexia, wt loss,
dry mouth, N/V

Phosphate binder

Prevent
hypocalcemia caused
by elevated P,
control P in ERSD

Bowel obstruction

N/V, loss of
appetite, stomach
pains, gas,
bloating, diarrhea,
constipation

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Sevelamer
(Renagel, Renvela)

Simthicone

Antiflatulent

Simvastatin (Zocor)

Antihyperlipidemic,
HMG-CoA
Reductase Inhibitors

Sotalol (Betapace)

Beta- blocker

Relieve painful
pressure caused by
excess gas in
stomach and
intestines
Decrease total &
LDL cholesterol;
decrease risk of
CVD, stroke, etc.
Ventricular
tachycardia &
ventricular
fibrillation

Serious heart condition

such as sick sinus
syndrome or AV block,
severe heart failure,
asthma, hypokalemia,

High fiber diet w/1.5-2

L of fluid

Avoid alcohol,
tryptophan supplement,
grapefruit or citrus

Avoid gas producing

foods

Serious illness

Pregnancy, breast-feeding,
acute liver disease

Avoid alcohol

N/V, abd pain,

constipation,
diarrhea,
flatulence

Avoid grapefruit,
decrease fat and
cholesterol in diet
Antacids can make it
harder to absorb drug,
separate MVI by 2 hrs,
hypercholesterolemia,
avoid alcohol

severe kidney disease,

bradycardia, long QT
syndrome

Spironolactone
(Aldactone)

Antihypertensive,
Diuretic (Ksparing);
Hyperaldosterone
Tx

HTN, hypokalemia,
cirrhosis w/ascites,
PCOS, PMS,
hirsutism, nephrotic
syndrome, K-sparing
adjunct CHF
treatment

Severely impaired renal

function, Addisons
disease, hyperkalemia

Anorexia, wt loss,
increased thirst,
dehydration, dry
mouth, N/V

Sucralfate
(Carafate)

Anti-ulcer

Active duodenal
ulcer

DM, CKD on dialysis

Constipation,
cramps

Tamsulosin
(Flomax)

Alpha-blocker

Improve urination in
men with enlarged
prostate

Can affect pupils during

cataract surgery

Nausea, diarrhea

Insomnia, sleep
troubles

Caution with geriatric,

debilitated, decreased
hepatic function,
decreased renal function,
history of alcohol
addiction

Anorexia, wt loss,
increased
appetite,
polydipsia, dry
mouth, increased
salivation, N/V,
constipation,
diarrhea

Pregnancy, breast feeding

N/V, diarrhea,
stomach pains,
anorexia, wt loss,
indigestion

Tempazepma
(Restoril)

Topiramate
(Topamax)
Tramadol

Sleep aid

Anticonvulsant

Seizures, migraine
headaches

Narcotic-like pain
reliever

Relieve moderate to
severe pain

Use of alcohol or
sedatives w/in a few
hours, asthma or severe
breathing problems,

Constipation,
N/V, diarrhea,
stomach pain

Avoid excessive K
intake, K supplement,
and salt subs; low Na
and low kcals may be
recommended. Avoid
natural licorice
Avoid alcohol, bland
diet recommended; take
Ca or Mg supplement
or antacids separately
more than 30 mins
Avoid alcohol, take
approx.. 30 mins after
meal at same time each
day
Limit caffeine (<400500 mg/d), caution with
grapefruit and citrus,
caution with soy or egg
allergies, avoid alcohol
Take with adequate
fluid to prevent kidney
stones and electrolyte
embalances; avoid
ketogenic diets
Avoid alcohol

obstruction in stomach or
intestines, <16 years old,
PKU
Trazodone
(Desyrel)

Antidepressant
(heterocyclic)

Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin II
receptor antagonist

Major depressive
disorder, insomnia,
aggression, panic
attacks
HTN, heart failure,
reduce risk of heart
attack

Use of MAOI in past 14

days, <18 years old

Constipation, dry
mouth, altered
taste

Avoid alcohol

Pregnancy, <6 years old

Stomach pain,
diarrhea

Avoid alcohol, do not

use K supplements or
salt subs