ANG PILIPINAS SA LOOB NG SANDAANG TAON
(The Philippines: A Century Hence / Filipinas dentro de cien anos)
– serialized in La Solidaridad on September 30, October 31, December 15, 1889 and February
1, 1890 Rizal prognosticated the Filipinos’ revolution against Spain winning their
independence, but later the Americans would come in over its colonization.
“Law has no skin, reason has no nostrils.”
"Uprisings and revolutions have always occurred in countries tyrannized over, in
countries where human hearts have been forced to remain silent."
“A government that rules a country from a great distance is the one that has the
most need for a free press more so even than the government of the home country.”
“Encystment of a conquering people is possible, for it signifies complete isolation,
absolute inertia, debility in the conquering element. Encystment thus means the
tomb of the foreign invader.”
“To wish that the alleged child remain in its swaddling clothes is to risk that it may
turn against its nurse and flee, tearing away the old rags that bind it.”
Looking Back
Ø The Transformation from Pagan to Catholic Philippines
Ø The Early Spanish Colonization
The Spanish Dilemma
Ø The failure of Spanish Colonial Policies
Ø What we have become after 300 years
Radical and Political Reform
Ø Two ways to achieve reform
Ø Bloody and violent
Ø Peaceful and successful
Two Basic Reforms
Ø Freedom of the Press
Ø Filipino representation in Spanish Cortes
= Other reforms
-Justice
-Human Rights
-Selection Process for Government Officials based on a
Competitive Examination with Published ‘Results’ in Commerce
and Agriculture
-Individual, Education and Property Security
Rizal’s Inner Nostradamus
Ø Temporary Dominance Theory
Ø If Spain continues to dismiss the idea of giving reform the Filipinos
might seek for Independence.
Ø If the Filipinos succeed in the fight for Independence against Spain,
another superpower might colonize the country.
PANUKALA NG PANINIRAHAN NG MGA PILIPINO SA HILAGANG BORNEO
(Proyecto de colonization del British North Borneo por Filipinos / Rizal's Settlement Project in Sabah.)
- The project contains the bases and conditions submitted by Rizal for the signatures
of the representatives of the British North Borneo and those of the Filipino colony.
Written by Rizal in April of 1892, this was the time when Rizal was with his family in
Hong Kong.
Background Information
Ø the Calamba land crisis [reason for Rizal’s planning]
Ø Rizal's letter to Blumentritt on February 23, 1892
"If it is impossible for me to give my country liberty, I should like to give it at least to
these noble countrymen of mine in other lands."
Ø Spanish rule vs. British rule
Ø Sabah and the Sultan of Jolo [Sabah = North Borneo, owned by SoJ]
Working on the Plan
Ø Mr. W.B. Pryor [Rizal’s agent in his trip to Borneo]
Ø "New Calamba" [What Rizal would call the new settlement]
Ø Manuel Hidalgo [Rizal's brother-in-law; opposed Borneo plans]
Ø April 1892 [Rizal went to Sandakan in Borneo]
Ø British interest [they wanted to have source of crops]
Ø Mr. Cook [British acting Secretary of the Government; Rizal talked and
negotiated with this guy regarding the Borneo project]
Ø S. Ubaldo [Rizal's brother-in-law; supported Borneo plans]
Reactions from the Spanish Government
Ø Rizal's 2 letters to Governor-General Despujol
Rizal: “I desire the welfare of my country, and wish to make sure…that you will be
able to govern it with all tranquility…I plan to found a colony in North
Borneo…where there are already Filipinos.”
Despujol: "seeing how the Philippines lacked labor, it was not very patriotic to go
off…but we added that every Filipino was free…to contribute to the prosperity of the
country, so long as he obeyed the laws."
Ø Governor-General Despujol's reaction [filed a secret case against Rizal for
"anti-religious and anti-patriotic protest]
Ø Rizal's return to Manila
Summary of Contents
Ø scope of the Colony's territory [includes any land bought; for 999 years]
Ø local government [Colony to be governed according to own traditions, laws
are to be decided upon by Colony]
Ø contributions to the State [no free labor, except when liberty of the state is
in danger]
Ø tribute and initial assistance [yearly tribute in the form of crops]
Reception from the English
Ø the agreement was to be signed by both parties and approved by the
Government of London
TUNGKOL SA KATAMARAN NG MGA PILIPINO
(On the Indolence of the Filipinos / Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinas)
- The essay itself originally appeared in the Filipino forthrightly review, La
Solidaridad, of Madrid, in five installments, running from July 15 to September 15,
1890. It was a continuation of Rizal's campaign of education in which he sought by
blunt truths to awaken his countrymen to their own faults at the same time that he
was arousing the Spaniards to the defects in Spain's colonial system that caused
and continued such shortcomings.
Chapter 1
Ø Rizal admits that there is indeed indolence among Filipinos
Ø "...instead of holding it to be the cause of the backwardness and the
trouble, we regard it as the effect of the trouble and the backwardness..."
Ø " Some repeat what they have heard, without, examination or reflection;
others speak through pessimism or are impelled by that human
characteristic which paints as perfect everything that belongs to oneself
and defective whatever belongs to another."
Ø Rizal points out to the climate of the Philippines as a predisposition for
indolence.
Ø He also criticizes the way of living of the Europeans in the Philippines
compared to the Filipinos.
Chapter2
Ø "Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one.
The Filipinos have not always been what they are, witnesses whereto are
all the historians of the first years after the discovery of the Islands."
Ø Early-discovery Filipino accounts disprove the notion that Filipinos have
always been indolent
Ø commercial ties with the Chinese.
Ø Pigafetta - “courtesy and kindness of the inhabitants and their commerce"
Ø Legazpi - was also a witness to the rich trade the Filipinos were involved in.
Ø Dr. Morga - most Filipinos of his time did not practice much trade anymore
and did not even possess skills in farming
"AS THEY USED TO DO IN THEIR PAGANISM AND FOR A LONG TIME AFTER
THE COUNTRY WAS CONQUERED. "
Ø What made the Filipinos forget about their past.
Chapter 3
Ø Rizal enumerates the causes of the deterioration of the culture and
economic practices earlier Filipinos had.
o Wars, insurrections, expeditions, and invasions that were brought
about by the new rule of the Spaniards
o Instigated and encouraged pirate attacks by the Spaniards
o Extraction of labor for building of ships
o Natives who were tired of and discouraged by the maltreatment
of the Spaniards fled to the mountains
Chapter 4
Ø Rizal adds to the list the causes that furthered the deterioration of the
values of the Filipinos
o The Spaniards greatly discouraged and killed trade for the
Filipinos
o The abuse from encomenderos
o The government officials were more concerned with their own
business ideals
o Filipinos who tried doing business were discouraged by the
number of papers needed as well as the corruption
o The bad examples of Spaniards who “surrounded themselves with
servants”
o Religion misled the natives with the wrong doctrine: “The curate
says that the rich man will not go to heaven.”
o There is also no doubt that the Spanish government fostered and
perfected gambling among the natives
o The idea of miracles quite possibly instilled some laziness in the
Filipinos
o Efforts to educate the natives were very poor and only those
privileged had access to it
Chapter 5
Ø Rizal reduces the causes of indolence to two factors
o The lack of training and education as well as opportunities teach
the Filipinos to be inferior
o Because of the feeling of inferiority, most Filipinos give in to
foreign culture and try very much to imitate it. This then results to
lack of national sentiment and unity.
References:
§ “Tungkol sa Katamaran ng mga Pilipino” from Mga Piling Akda ni Jose Rizal by J. Ramos et al.
§ “Ang Pilipinas sa Loob ng Sandaang Taon” from Mga Piling Akda ni Jose Rizal by J. Ramos et al.
§ “Panukala ng Paninirahan ng mga Pilipino sa Hilagang Borneo” from Mga Piling Akda ni Jose
Rizal by Jose Ramos et al.
§ "Rizal's Settlement Project in Sabah" by Quennie Ann Palafox, National Historical Institute of
the Philippines.
§ Chapter 12 of "The Life and Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal" by Dr. Robert L. Yoder
§ “Lineage, Life, and Labors of Jose Rizal: Philippine Patriot” by Austin Craig
§ Chap. 1 - 5 in The Indolence of the Filipino, translated from the Spanish by Charles Derbyshire,
edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Co., 1913.
§ http://www.filipiniana.net/ArtifactView
§ http://www.fullbooks.com/The-Indolence-of-the-Filipino.html
§ http://pi100-politicalthoughtofrizal.htmlplanet.com/about.html
§ http://hubpages.com/hub/jose-rizal-quotes
prepared by Canalda, de Luna, Nieto, Uy [PI100 X5-B, AY2009-2010]