LAB# 9: Potentiometric

Titration of an Unknown Acid

Mixture

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY II (CHEM

4131)

Prepared by: Komalpreet Kaur

Student ID: 100578910

Submitted to: Micha Penny-cook Brown

Date of Analysis: 17 Feb 2016 and 09 Mar 2016
Date of submission: 17 Mar 2016

Objective:
The objective of this experiment was to,
-

Prepare and standardize 0.1 N NaOH solution

Use this NaOH to titrate given unknown acid mixture#
Calculate molarity with the help of equivalence point found with the pH.

Material & Method:

Procedure:
For detailed material & method, please refer to Analytical Chemistry-II (CHEM 4131), Durham
College, 2015-2016, Experiement#9: Potentiometric Titration of an Unknown Acid Mixture,
page#: 23-28

Chemical used:
Table 1:
SR NO
1

Chemical name
Sodium

LOT#
143990

Manufacturer
VWR

Balance#
43

hydroxide
Potassium

1123332569

1001351

hydrogen
3

phthalate
Phenolphthalein

Calculation:
Molarity of NaOH
Table 2: Standardization of NaOH using KHP as primary standard:
No of trials

Initial burette

Final burette

1
2
3

reading (mL)
0.00
0.00
0.00

reading (mL)
48.50
48.20
48.00

Average (mL)

48.23

1. Weight of KHP
= 0.8068 g
Molar mass of KHP 204.22 g/mol
= 0.0039 KHP moles
Moles of KHP x moles of NaOH = 0.0039 moles x moles of NaOH
Moles of KHP
moles of KHP
= 0.0039 moles of NaOH
Molarity of NaOH = 0.0039 moles
0.0485 L
= 0.081457 moles/L

Table 3: Data for molarity of NaOH

S.no

1.
2.
3.

KHP g

0.8068
0.8068
0.8040

KHP moles=

Molarity (NaOH

Average

NaOH moles

moles/Liter

(moles/Liter)

0.0039
0.0039
0.0039

consumed)
0.081457
0.081964
0.082019

0.0818 mol/L

Equivalence point 1: (Trial 1 + Trial 2)/2= (15.5+15.5)/2= 15.5 mL

Equivalence point 2: (Trial 1 + Trial 2)/2= (24.5+25.6)/2= 25.05 mL
Amount of NaOH for one proton H3PO4 (Y) = (25.05 -15.5) mL= 9.55 mL
Amount of NaOH for HCl (X-Y) = (15.5 9.55) mL= 5.95 mL
Molarity of HCl:

Moles of NaOH utilized= moles of NaOH X Volume of titre (X-Y)

= 0.0818 M X 0.00595 L
= 0.00048671 moles
Moles of HCl present in solution = moles of NaOH present
So, moles of HCl= 0.00048671 moles
Molarity of HCl= moles of HCl/aliquot volume
= 0.00048671 moles/0.025 L
= 0.01947 M
Molarity of H3PO4:
Ratio of NaOH:H3PO4 that is 1:1
Moles of NaOH= Molarity of NaOH X Titre volume (Y)
= 0.0818 M X 0.00955 L
= 0.00078119 moles of NaOH
Moles of NaOH= Moles of H3PO4
So, moles of H3PO4= 0.000532 moles
Molarity of H3PO4= moles of H3PO4/aliquot volume
= 0.00078119 moles/0.025 L
= 0.0312476 M

First trial titration:

Unknown # 49
Table 1: volume vs pH

l
u
m
e
0

2
.
2
6
4

2
.
2

6
2
.
2

8
2
.
3

1
2
.
3

5
2
.
3

8
2
.
4

3
2
.
4

7
2
.
5

3
2
.
5

8
2
5

.
6

5
2

.
7

3
2

.
8

3
2

.
9

4
3

1
3

.
3

4
3

5
1

7
5

.
2

3
5

1
1

7
5

9
6

2
1

2
5

3
1

7
6

4
1

1
6

5
1

4
6

6
1

7
6

7
1

8
1

5
6

9
1

.
2

2
6

4
7

2
1

7
6

3
1

9
6

4
1

1
6

5
1

3
6

6
1

5
6

7
1

7
6

8
1

8
6

9
1

.
4

2
6
8

1
1

4
6

2
1

6
6

3
1

7
6

4
1

9
6

5
1

1
6

6
1

3
6

7
1

4
6

8
1

6
6

9
1

7
6

.
9

6
6

1
1

2
6

2
1

3
6

3
1

4
6

4
1

5
6

5
1

7
6

6
1

8
6

7
1

8
1

1
6

2
10

.
7

4
6

1
2

5
6

2
2

6
6

3
2

8
6

4
2

9
6

5
2

6
2

2
6

7
2

3
6

8
2

4
6
11

9
2

6
6

.
8

7
6

1
2

8
6

2
2

3
2

1
6

4
2

2
6

5
2

3
6

6
2

5
6

7
2

6
6

.
12

8
2

7
6

9
2

9
7

2
2

1
2

1
7

2
2

3
7

3
2

4
7

4
2

5
7

5
2

6
7

6
2

8
7

7
2

9
7
13

8
2

1
7

9
2

2
7

.
1

5
7

1
2

6
7

2
2

8
7

3
2

9
7

4
2

1
7

5
2

2
7

6
2

4
7

.
14

7
2

6
7

8
2

9
7

9
2

.
3

2
7

1
2

4
7

2
2

6
7

3
2

7
7

4
2

9
7

5
2

3
7

4
15

6
2

5
7

7
2

7
7

8
2

9
7

9
2

1
7

.
5

4
7

1
2

8
7

2
2

1
1

9
1

0
.
2

7
1

0
16

1
2

3
1

3
5

Chart 1: pH vs Volume (trial 1):

pH vs volume
12
10
8

pH

6
4
2
0

10

15

Volume

17

20

25

30

Table 2: titration trial 1 details:

volum

averag

H/
d

v
0

0.

2
0

0.

3
0

0.

4
0

0.

3
0

0.

5
0

0.

2
.
2

6
2

6
2

8
2

1
2

5
2

8
2

18

0.

7
2

6
0

0.

5
1

5
0

0.

8
2

7
0

0.

5
1

8
0

0.

3
2

5
2

0.

5
1

11

1
0

0.

3
2

3
2

4
3

6
0

0.

5
2

4
0

1.

3
1

2.

4
3

2
19

6.

5
2

3
5

4
0

0.

1
2

0.

5
2

2
1

2
5

5
0

0.

4
2

0.

5
2

4
1

1
6

3
0

0.

7
2

0.

5
2

6
1

7
6

3
0

0.

20

0.

5
2

8
1

5
6

5
0

0.

3
2

0.

5
2

2
6

2
0

0.

6
2

0.

5
2

2
1

7
6

2
0

0.

9
2

0.

5
2

4
1

1
6

2
0

.
2
2

0.

21

0.

5
2

6
1

5
6

2
0

0.

5
2

0.

5
2

8
1

8
6

2
0

0.

8
2

0.

5
2

2
6

2
0

0.

1
2

0.

5
2

2
1

6
6

1
0

.
4
2

0.

22

0.

5
2

4
1

9
6

2
0

0.

7
2

0.

5
2

6
1

3
6

1
0

0.

0.

5
2

8
1

6
6

1
0

0.

3
2

0.

5
2

2
0

.
6
2

0.

23

0.

5
2

2
1

3
6

1
0

0.

9
2

0.

5
2

4
1

5
6

2
0

0.

2
2

0.

5
2

6
1

8
6

2
0

0.

5
2

0.

5
2

8
1

1
6

1
0

.
8
2

0.

24

0.

5
3

4
6

1
0

0.

1
3

0.

5
3

2
2

6
6

2
0

0.

4
3

0.

5
3

4
2

9
6

1
0

0.

7
3

0.

5
3

6
2

2
6

1
0

0.

25

0.

5
3

8
2

4
6

2
0

0.

3
3

0.

5
3

7
6

1
0

0.

6
3

0.

5
3

.
0.

9
3

2
2

1
0

0.

5
3

4
2

2
6

1
0

.
2
3

0.

26

0.

5
3

6
2

5
6

1
0

0.

5
3

0.

5
3

8
2

7
6

2
0

0.

8
3

0.

5
3

.
0.

1
3

1
0

0.

5
3

2
2

3
7

1
0

.
4
3

0.

27

0.

5
3

4
2

5
7

1
0

0.

7
3

0.

5
3

6
2

8
7

1
0

0.

0.

5
3

8
2

1
7

1
0

0.

3
3

0.

5
3

5
7

1
0

.
6
3

0.

28

0.

5
3

2
2

8
7

1
0

0.

9
3

0.

5
3

4
2

1
7

1
0

0.

2
3

0.

5
3

6
2

4
7

2
0

0.

5
3

0.

5
3

8
2

9
7

1
0

.
8
3

0.

29

0.

5
3

2
7

2
0

0.

1
3

0.

5
3

2
2

6
7

1
0

0.

4
3

0.

5
3

4
2

9
7

4
0

0.

7
3

0.

5
3

6
2

5
7

2
0

0.

30

0.

5
3

8
2

9
7

2
0

0.

3
3

0.

5
3

4
7

4
0

0.

6
3

6.

5
3

2
2

1
1

8
0

0.

2
3

9
1

0.

7
31

0.

0.

5
1

3
8

Second trial titration:

Table 3: volume vs pH (trial 2)
Volum
e (mL) pH
0
2.38
1
2.4
2
2.43
3
2.46
4
2.5
5
2.54
6
2.58
7
2.62
8
2.68
9
2.73
10
2.81
11
2.89
12
3.01
13
3.16
14
3.42
15
4.4
15.5
5.47
15.7
5.58
15.9
5.71
16.1
5.82
32

16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
22
23
24
24.5
25
25.1
25.2

5.84
5.88
5.91
6.01
6.03
6.23
6.34
6.44
6.54
6.64
6.75
6.82
6.92
7.02
7.33
7.77
8.66
10.2
10.9
10.96
11.01

Chart 2: pH vs Volume:

pH vs volume
12
10
8

pH

6
4
2
0

10

15

Volume

Table 4: details of titration 2 (trial 2):

Volum

pH

dV

dpH

dpH/dV

Volume
33

20

25

30

averag
e (mL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15.5
15.7
15.9
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
22
23
24
24.5
25
25.1
25.2

e
2.38
2.4
2.43
2.46
2.5
2.54
2.58
2.62
2.68
2.73
2.81
2.89
3.01
3.16
3.42
4.4
5.47
5.58
5.71
5.82
5.84
5.88
5.91
6.01
6.03
6.23
6.34
6.44
6.54
6.64
6.75
6.82
6.92
7.02
7.33
7.77
8.66
10.2
10.9
10.96
11.01

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
-25.2

0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.15
0.26
0.98
1.07
0.11
0.13
0.11
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.1
0.02
0.2
0.11
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.07
0.1
0.1
0.31
0.44
0.89
1.54
0.7
0.06
0.05
-11.01

0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.15
0.26
0.98
2.14
0.55
0.65
0.55
0.2
0.4
0.3
1
0.2
0.5
0.22
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.22
0.14
0.2
0.2
0.31
0.44
0.89
3.08
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.43690
34

0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
15.25
15.6
15.8
16
16.15
16.25
16.35
16.45
16.55
16.8
17.25
17.75
18.25
18.75
19.25
19.75
20.25
20.75
21.5
22.5
23.5
24.25
24.75
25.05
25.15
12.6

Discussion:
In this experiment, the technique used is acid-base titration. This involves the reaction of
a standard with the analyte to determine its amount. The volume used in the titration is
measured at the equivalence point.
In this lab, firstly NaOH was made and then was standardized with KHP which was a
primary standard. To get the equivalence point phenolphthalein was used as an
indicator.
After standardization the average molarity of the NaOH was found to be 0.0 M.
After the standardization, unknown acid mixture# 49 was analyzed using standardized
NaOH to find the molarity of H3PO4 and HCl mixture. For the each mL of NaOH added to
the mixture, pH of the solution was measured. The volume of the titrant consumed by
each of the acid in the mixture can be seen from the graph where the first slope
indicates the first equivalent point and second slope indicates the second equivalent
point. Thus, there were two equivalence points were found over the change of pH. The
difference between First and second equivalence point was considered as mL consumed
for HCl and the second equivalence point indicated the mL consumed for H3PO4. After
this calculation was done for both the acids and the molarity was found to be 0.01947 M
and 0.03125 M for HCl and H3PO4 respectively.
Conclusion: From the above experiment it can be concluded that molarity of unknown
acid mixture #49 was found to be 0.03125 M for HCl and 0.02128 M for H3PO4.

35