PV = NR T

P = RT

!"# "

R=

N = No. of Moles

R
M

$ !!
cp

h
T

=
P

R
= cv + R
1

cv

u
T

=
v

R
1

cp
cv

h = u + P/

W = PdV

"%
&

'"
"#

.#*

dE = Q W

( ) "*+# ) !

, !"# "

# -+

(h0 P )dV + h0 (V n )dA = Qvol + Qsurface Wm Wvisc +

CV

CS

'"

( f V ) dV
CV

dS

( ) "*+# ) !

/ !"#
Q
dS
T rev

Q
T

# "$+

Tds = du + Pdv = dh

T
P
T2
s 2 s1 = c p ln 2 R ln 2 = R ln
T1
P1
T1

-# !"#

T
= 2
T1

T0 = T 1 +

M2

dP

1
2

/ !"# (!$

P2
P1

s 2 s1 = s 2o s1o R ln

P2
2
=
P1
1

P0 = P 1 +

1
2

M2

0 = 1 +

1
2

M2

&0

/"'
m = VA = A

P0

T0

*+ (" %
,
Turning Angle

Shock Angle

1+

sin( )

tan = 2 cot

M 22 =

(
dy
dx

+
!!

= tan (
char

M2

M 12 sin 2 1
M 12 ( + cos 2 ) + 2

2
( + 1) M 12 sin 2
=
1 ( 1) M 12 sin 2 + 2

M 2n

#* /0

+1
2 ( 1)

P2 2M 12 sin 2 ( 1)
=
P1
+1

M 1n = M 1 sin
M2 =

/ !"#

( 1) M 12 sin 2 + 2
2M 12 sin 2 ( 1) sin 2 ( )

2 = 1

/ !"#

= constant