2012

Broilerdepartment.

[KENCHICBROILERMANUAL]
[Typetheabstractofthedocumenthere.Theabstractistypicallyashortsummaryofthecontentsofthe
document.Typetheabstractofthedocumenthere.Theabstractistypicallyashortsummaryofthecontents
ofthedocument.]


EQUIPMENTREQUIREMENT:

DATALOGGERS.(Optional)
Torecordtemperatureandhumidity(requirescomputer)

INFRAREDBEAMTHERMOMETER:(OPTIONAL)
RecordstemperatureofanysurfaceaimedatExcellentforcheckingbroodingareatemperature.

SCALES
Spring
Salterscalesarebest2050gramgradationsmaximumweighingweight10kg.

Electronic
Isveryaccurate,1gramgradations

GUMBOOTSANDWHITECOAT
Forfieldsmanvisits:cleananddisinfectedalltimes

FORKS&BRUSH
Forturninglitterandkeepingstoretidy.

VISITORSBOOK
Recordallvisitorsvisitdetails.

RECORDCARDS
Forallfeedusage,mortality,growthratesandvaccinationsdetails.

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INTRODUCTION
BroilerChickenfarmingrequiresahighlevelofexpertise,understandingandcommitmenttobesuccessful.Whilstits
importanttoemphasizetheneedforexcellentflockstockmanshipatalltimes,somethingthatcomeswithexperience
andaptitude,adoptingthecorrecttechniquesandequipmentwillsetafirmfoundationforsuccess.
ThismanualoffersthebestadviceonboilerhusbandryandmanagementforKenchicfarmers.Itsourbeliefthe
techniquesandpracticesstatedshouldbeadoptedatalltimes,aspartofabroilermanagementprogram,ifoptimum
performancearetobeconsistentlyattained.Thismanualisnotexhaustiveandwewillupdateasandwhennew
methodsandequipmenthavebeenthoroughlytriedonKenchicownfarms.

EQUIPMENTREQUIREMENT.
Itisvitalthatthecorrectequipmentisusedatalltimes.Inferior,substandardorimprovised(basinsandtrays)will
alwaysresultinvariableperformanceandultimatelylargefinancialloss.Kenchicrecommendedthefollowing
equipment.

DRINKERS
ChickFonts
Plasticofapprox.5litrecapacity
1fontper100chicksmaximum

AutomaticBroilerBelldrinkers
1AutoBelldrinkerper80chicksmaximum

FEEDERS
Chicktrays

Plasticand15inchdiameter
1per100chicksmaximum

Tubefeeders
Qualitypresseddesign:seeKenchicrecommendedsupplier(pleasenotecheapertubefeedershavevariablefeedwidth
anddepthgivinglowgrowthrates,poorFCRsandfinancialloss),duetocompromisedfeedintakebythebirdsand/or
feedspillage.Allocate1per50broilersmaximum.

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HEATINGEQUIPMENT
Gas

Gasisthepreferredmethodofheating(efficient,controlledandenvironmentallycorrect)
1gasbrooderper1000chicks(dependingonsize)

Charcoalreconstitutedcharcoaldust
One18inchcharcoalJikoper750chicks.

FEEDINGPAPER
Kraftorbrownpaper
Usecorrectthicknessthatwilldegradeafterthe3rdday.

Gunnybags
Ensureatleast65%ofthebroodingfloorareaiscoveredforfeedinginthefirst3days.

THERMOMETERS
MinimumMaximum
1per3000chicks

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BROILERGROWINGPROCEDURES
Broodingday0slaughter
Achickcannotregulateitsownbodytemperatureforthefirst14daysoflife.Itisessentialthereforetoprovidethe
correcttemperaturetopreventexcessiveheatingandchilling.Duringthisperiodwemustalsoprovidetheideal
environmentintermsofnutrition,ventilationandspace.

DAY0
PreheatHouseminimum12hrs,beforeplacement.
Coveratleast65%ofthebroodingareawithfeedingpaper.

Equipment
GunnyBagascurtainsfixedfromoutsideandopenedfromthetopdownwards.
Jikos:Charcoal18inchdiameter:1Jikoper750chicks(4/3000chicks+2onstandby)
GasBrooder:1(39000btu)per1000chicks.

Drinkers:
Fonts:1/100chicksfillnomorethan1/3andreplenishedconstantlywithfreshwater

Feeders:
Trays:15inch(40cm)1/100chicksfromplacement.
65%offloorspacecoveredwithfeedpaper,andremovednolaterthan3days.
Feed
Qualitysievedcrumb:20gramsperchickminimumfedin1st24hrsgivenlittleandoften.
NB,achickshouldconsumeminimum65gramsoffeedinthe1st3days.(2.83.0bagsper3000chicks)
Temperature:
Housetemperatureatchicklevel,30320C,andfloortemp280C
RelativeHumidity(RH)
5060%RH

Medication:
Vitaminsatplacementandimmediatelyaftervaccinations.

DAY1
Cropcheck:100birdsminimumsampletakenatrandomfromtheflock.
@8hrs85%oftheflockshouldhaveafullcropwithbothfeedandwater.
@24hrs95%oftheflockshouldhaveafullcropwithbothfeedandwater.
Iftheamountoffeedorwaterislowthenreevaluateyourfeederanddrinkernumbers,distributionand
accessibility.
Providechickfeedersandchickdrinkersattherateadvisedabove.
Introducesometubefeedersandautomaticdrinkers,placedonthefloortogetthechickstofamiliarize.
Observechickdistributionwithinthebroodingareatocountercheckwiththermometerreadings.
Provide24hrsoflightinfirstday.
Fromday2,giveonehourofdarknesstillwhenbirdsattain160gramsliveweight.
Afterthis,youmayincreasethedarkperioddependingonweightgainandfeedconsumption.

Day3
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 Removeallpaper,unlessithasdecomposed.Removegunnybags.

Feed:Crumbsandpelletsarethebest.
Byday3aminimumof65gramsofstarterfeedshouldhavebeenfed,asfollows:
Day1:20gramsmin/chick
Day2:20gramsmin/chick
Day3:25gramsmin/chick

Drinkers:
Introductionofmorebelldrinkersandconnectedtothesupplylineafterthelastdayofvitaminsandmedication.
Drinkersmustbewasheddaily.
Introductionofmoretubefeeders.Plantoremoveallchicktraysbyday8.

DAY7

Weighasampleof5%oftheflockrandomlyselectedandcalculatetheaverageweightandcomparewithstandard.
Give1stInfectiousBronchitis(IB)&NewcastleDisease(NCD)Vaccinationaseyedropordrinkingwater.
Giveadoseofvitaminsadayaftervaccination.
Increasefloorspaceto1/2ofthefullhouseandincreasefeederanddrinkerspace.

DAY10

Give1stGumboroIntermediatestrainthroughdrinkingwater.
Giveadoseofvitaminsadayaftervaccination.
Usethistimetocarryoutanyflocksegregationincasetherearesmallbirds.Penseparatelybutatsamestocking
density.
Increasefloorspaceto2/3ofthefullhouseandincreasefeederanddrinkerspacedependinguponweatherand
temperature.
Startturningoflitterparticularityaroundthedrinkerline.

DAY11
StartchangeoverfromStartertoGrowerfeedat25:75ratios

DAY12
StartertoGrowerfeedat50:50

DAY13
StartertoGrowerfeedat75:25

Day14
Changetoall100%growerfeed.
Weighbirds5%birdssamplesizerandomlytaken.
Dependingonheatingequipment,housetemperaturesandflockperformance,increasespacetofullhouse,otherwise,
expandtofullhousebyday16.Increasefeederanddrinkerspace.

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DAY18

Givethe2ndGumborointermediatePlusvaccination,throughdrinkingwater.

DAY21

Givethe2ndIB+NCDvaccinationaseyedropordrinkingwater.
Giveadoseofvitaminsadayaftervaccination.
Weighbirds5%birdssamplesizerandomlytakenfromtheflock.
Carryoutflocksegregationifuniformityisstillaproblem.

DAY25
CommencechangefromGrowertoFinisherfeed@25:75%

DAY26
Grower:Finisher@50:50

DAY27
Grower:Finisher@75:25

DAY28
100%Finisher
Weigh5%ofsampledbirdsandrecord.

DAY30
Weigh5%ofsampledbirdsandrecord.

DAY32
Weigh5%ofsampledbirdsandrecord.
Startplanningforslaughter.
Ifbirdsareatrequiredmarketweight,slaughtercanstart.

DAY35
Weigh5%ofsampledbirdsandrecord.
Slaughter:Removefeed3hrsbeforebirdsarecollectedforslaughter.Keepthemwithwateruntiltimeofcollection.

NB:FLOCKrecordstobeupdatedonadailybasis.

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REARING

HIGHLIGHTS

STAGE
Sanitation

Shavings

FlockSource

Flockarrival
Heaters

Ventilation
Drinkers
Vitamins

Space

Feed
Thermometers

Keypoints

METHOD
Usetheoneage/onesite(allin/allout)program.Management,sanitationand
vaccinationprogrambecomesmoredifficultandlesseffectiveonamultiagesite.
Ensurethatequipment,housinganditssurroundingareasarethoroughlycleanedand
disinfectedtosafeguardagainstdiseasecarryover.
Shouldbelevelinthebroodingarea.Unevenlittercreatesunevenfloortemperatures
causinggroupsofchickstohuddleinpocketsofshavingsorunderequipment,
deprivingthemselvesoffeedandwateratacriticaltimewhengrowthismostrapid.
Aimtouseoneflocksourcetofilleachhouse.Ifhowever,thisisnotpractical,always
endeavortomatchchickshatchedfromparentflocksofasimilarage.Thisreducesthe
riskofcompetitionbetweenchicks.
Determinetheexpecteddeliverytimefromthehatcheryandbereadytoreceivethe
chicks.
Checkthattheheatersareworkingcorrectlyandthen startpreheating24hours
(minimum12hours)beforethechicksarrive.Thiswillhelptoensuretheshavings,
floorandwallsarewarmedthroughandtheairtemperatureiscorrectwhenthe
chicksaredelivered.Ifusinggas:(39000btus)then1brooder/1000chicksare
sufficient.CharcoalJikos(18inchdiameter)use1/750chicks.
Ensurethereisadequatefreshairenteringthehouseespeciallywhenusingdirect
firedheatingwhileatthesametimetakingcaretoavoiddraughts.
1manualchickfontper100chicks:Theseshouldallbefilledwithcleanfreshwaterat
roomtemperatureimmediatelybeforeplacement.
Additionofmultivitaminsinthewaterforthefirstfewdaysmayhelpcounteract
stressinthechicksduetoprocessinginhatchery,transport,vaccinationsifdoneat
hatcheryand/oranydeficiency.Assistsslowstartingchicksandhelpthemtocatch
up.
Additionalfeedingspaceshouldbegivenforthefirstfewdaysintheformofpaper
sheetingornewspapers,coveringatleast65%ofthebroodingarea.Thisshouldbe
toppeduplittleandoftentoensurefreshcleanfeedisalwaysavailable.Feedshould
beplacedinthehouseimmediatelybeforeplacement.
Chicksshouldconsume65gramsfeedwithinthefirst3daysoflife.
Donotplacefeedandwaterdirectlyunder,ortoonearthebrooders,aschicksneed
freedomtomovearound.
Startercrumbsshouldbedustfreeandofconsistent,correctsize.
Usemaximum/minimumthermometerstocheckand recordbrooderandhouse
temperature.Withwholehousebrooding,checkthattemperatureiseventhroughout
thehouse.
Dataloggersthatdetectandrecordtemperaturethroughthebroodingcyclemayalso
beusedtomonitorthetemperatureprofiles.Theyusecomputerprogramming.
Beforeplacingchicks,makeafinalcheckthatalltheheatersareworkingcorrectly,
drinkersarefreeoflitterandfeedisavailableinsufficientquantities.

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1.0PREPAREFORDAYOLDCHICKS
AIM:

Beabletoprovideanidealenvironmentbasedonthenumberofexpecteddayoldchicks.

REASON:

Controlledenvironmentforchickscomfort.

PREPARATION:Wheelbarrows,gunnybag,shovels,hardbrooms,handsprayer,disinfectant,woodshavings,GI
plainsheetG22,pegs,chickdrinkers,panfeeders,thermometer,ladder,scoop,temperature,chartsandbrooders,
pressurewasher.
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

Cleaningthehouse

Removealloldlitter
Dusttheroofandthesides.
Sweepthehouseclean
Spraythefloor,walls,roofandall
broodingequipmentwithsuitable
disinfectant.

Spreadshavingsevenlyoverthewhole
housefloor
Shouldnotbeused

SplitGIplainsheetslengthwiseand
positionthehardboardlengthsinacircle
aroundthebrooder.
Youmayalsoportionasectionofthe
housewithcurtainsandthehardboard
lengthstocreateabroodingarea(partial
housebrooding).
24hoursbeforethechicksarrive.Close
housedoors.Starttopreheat.

Checkthermometerregularlyfor
temperatureinthebrooder.

Toreducetemperature

Toraisetemperature

(Morecareshouldbetakenatnightdue
totemperaturedrops.)

Washwith runningwaterandasuitable
detergentpreferablyathighpressure.

DisinfectantHouse

Litter
Sawdust
Hoops

LightBrooder

RegulateHeat

Chickdrinkers

FeedersTrays

Temperature
JikoMaintenance

Lights

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Ensureproperdilutionrate
Spraysolutionatlowpressure
Dryfor7days
`Depthof23inches
Causesdeathsafterchicksinhalation.
2ftx8ftlengths.
Brooderringsassisttokeepthechickscloserto
theheatsource.

Tempatchickleveltobe32oCelsius,and28o C
onthefloor.Closedoorstoconserveheatand
preventdraught.
Thermometer tobe612inchesfromedgeof
brooderring,ortwometersfromtheedgeof
jiko/brooderhovers.
Reducenumberofjikosand/oropen
ventilationforbriefperiods.
Increasenumberofjikosorcloseventilators
forbriefperiods.
Onejikofor750chicksdependingonjikosize
andweatherconditions.
Extrabroodersrequiredtomaintainconstant
temperatureatthetimeofchangeover.
Placeeachdrinkerontopof1ft.square 1fountfor100chicks.Checkforleaks.Inhot
climate1fountfor75chicks
pieceofflattimberboard,2inches
high,orastand.
Fillfountswithwater.
Placechicktrayfeederinsidehoop/
1chicktrayper100chicks.
brooderandalternatedwithchicks
founts.
Checkconstantlytogetsteady
Shouldbe30to320CAtchickslevelwithinthe
temperature
firstweek.
Removeashesfromthejikoregularlyto
Excessiveashesreduceheatemission.
keepthefireglowing.Lightjikosoutside Lightingjikosoutsidepreventscarbonmonoxide
houseandbringuptoheat(approx30
poisoning
mins1hr)beforebringintohouse
Immediatebroodingareatobewelllit.
Chickstoseefeed andwatereasily.

2.0 DAYOLDCHICKHOUSE.
AIM:

Beabletoaccommodatedayoldchicksunderidealconditionsandenvironment

REASON:

Toensuregoodstartandsteadygrowth

PREPARATION:Feed,water,Bucket,thermometerandscoop
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINT

Humidity

Spraywalls3feethigh fromfloor, with

aknapsacksprayers68hrsbeforethe
chicksarrivalandcontinue4times
dailyforthefirst3days.(Dryareas)
Spreadthebroodingpapertocover
atleast65%thebrooderarea.
Sprinklethefeedontothebrooding
paper.

Placethefeederpansontopofthe
broodingpaperspreadingthem
evenly.
Fillthefeederpansonethirdfullto
avoidwastage.

Toimproverelativehumidityto6080%.
Inhotweatherrelativehumidityisaslowas
30%.

BroodingPaper

FeederPans

Chickfounts

Tubefeedersand
Automaticdrinkers
Vitamin
Unloadchicks

Countchicks

Lighting
Twohoursafterarrival

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Fillchickfountwithcleanwater
12hoursbeforechicksarrive.

Introduceafewfromdayofplacement
andincreasethemasthebrooderis
expanded.
Vitaminsforthefirst35days.

Unloadboxesintohouse.Placeboxes
besideeachbroodingring.

Countchicksfromboxesintohoops
andrecord.
Recorddeadonarrivalandweak
chicksanddisposeoff.Continue
procedureuntilallhoopsarehoused.
Asappropriatedwiththebreed.
Observechickbehavior,noise
movement,huddled.

Brooderpaperencourageschickstofeed
afterplacement
Itshouldbeusedmaximum3days

Feedmustbeeasilyaccessible.
Broodingpapertobeusedforfirst3daysto
reducechancesofstarveouts.
Increasefeedpanswhileremovingthe
broodingpaper.
1feedpanfor100chickswhilebrooderpaper
isinuse.

Watermustbewarmandeasilyaccessible.
1Chickfountfor100chicks
Watertobe250C(Lukewarm)
Helpstofamiliarizethebidswiththekey
equipments.
Maintainsthefeedinganddrinkingspace.
Vitaminsaregiventoreducetheimpactof
stressonchicks
Keepnoteontotalnumberofboxes

Mustbedoneasquicklyaspossible
Recordalldetailsonthechart
Informfarmmanager/contractmanager
whendead&weakchicksarenoted.

Asadvisedbythecontractoffice.
Huddledtogethermeanscold
Pantingandmovingawayfromthejiko
meanshot.
Runningaroundmeanswindy

3.0 BROODINGMANAGEMNET
AIM:

Adjustsizeofhooptosuitgrowingchicksandrepositionfeedandwatercontainerstohoop/brooding
area.

REASON:

Toensurechickcomfortandgrowth

PREPARATION:Brooders,HardboardorGIironsheets,pegs,shaving,Chickfounts,feedandwater.
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

Temperature

Firstday/firstweek30to32C
Secondweek28to30C
Thirdweek2628C

Adjusthoop/ringsizeor
brooderarea.

AddextrahardboardorGIironsheet
lengthssecurewithpegsinthefourth
day.Broodingareasshouldbe2530%of
totalfloorspace.

Addextrashavingsasnecessaryand
removedampareawherenecessary.

Amaximumvariationof3Cdifferenceis
allowed.
Temperaturevariationcauseunevenflocks.
Broodertempscanbereducedapprox.20C
everyfourdays.
Sizetochickcomfort.Giveadequatespace
toallowthechickstomovefeedanddrink
freely.

Litter

ChickFeeders

Automaticfeeders

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Introduceafewtubefeedersat
placementtotrainthechicks,inaddition
tochickfeeders.
Replacechickfeederswithtubefeeders.
Removeallbroodingpaperaddingmore
tubefeedersatthe3rdday.

Trainchickstoeatfromthemechanical
feederbymovingchickfeedersashort
distanceeachdaytowardsautofeeders.

Disposeatsuitablesuiteoutsidethehouse&
burnit.Preferably1kmfromfarmhouse.

Reducecontaminationandmakefeeding
easier.
1tubefeederfor50chicksevenlyspread
withinthepoultryhouse.
Removeanylitterfromthefeedersondaily
basis.
At710daysofage,removeofthechick
feedersperday.
Besurethechicksarefeedingfromthe
automaticfeeders.
Caution:NEVERreplacefeederwithanother
typeabruptlyasitcauseschickstostarve.

Croptest:85%ofchick
tohavefullcrops8hrs
afterplacement,rising
to95%after24hrs

Water

HoopSize

Culls

Randomlyselect100 chicks from

differentpartsoftheflockhouseand
checkthecrops.
85%offlockscropshouldbefull8hrs
afterarrival
95%oftheflockcropshouldbefull
24hrsafterarrivalandthereafter.
Pleasenote;ahardcropindicates
lackofdrinkingwater.

Introduceafewautomaticdrinkers
fromday1inpartialbroodingin
additiontochickfonts.Substitutewith
automaticdrinkersafterday7.Add
moreautomaticdrinkerswitheach
expansion.
Increasebroodersizeafterday3
Removebrooderringerafter7days.

Cullallweakanddeformedchicks.

Cropstobechecked8and24hrsafter
chicksarrival,afterchangeofequipment&
afterthechangeoffeed.
Thecropshouldbefullifthebirdsare
feedingwell.
Fullcropwillstimulateearlygut
development.
Poorcropfillmaybeduetolackoffeed,
insufficientfeeders,toohotbrooder,
disease,poorventilation.
Moredrinkerspacerequired
(1drinkerper100chicks).
Chicksfountshouldberemovedgraduallyto
allowchickstimetoacquainttothe
introducedequipment
1ringformaximum1000chicks
Atleastathirdofthefullpoultryhouseto
beusedforbrooding

Earlycullingasopposedtolateculling
improvesFCRanduniformity

Air

Light

Heat

Comfort zone

Feed

Water

Technical
Support

12|P a g e

4.0 WEIGHING
AIM:

Weigh5%chicksineachhoop/flocktocalculateaverageweightofeachchick.

REASON:

Tomeasurechickgrowthrateandcomparewithfeedintake

PREPARATION:Scales,pen,weighingsheetandweightgraph,cordforscales

STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

Age

Chicksshouldbeweighedatdays 1 to 7,
14,21,28,&inthefinalweek.

Dailyweighing

Dailyweighingisnecessary especiallyin
firstweekandlastweek.

Scale(Electronic
recommended)

ElectronicScalesarerecommendedat
alltimes
Suspendscaleswithcord
Tarescaleswithemptybucket/crate.

Scoopanumberofchicksintothe
bucketwithhands.
519chicksperweighingdependingon
ageandbucketsize.

Takethechickweightbeforeplacement.
Theweightsmustberecordedand
communicatedtothemanager
immediately.

Takeweightsamples(2%oftotal
population,randomlyat3differentsites
withinthehouse)dailyinweek1and
thereafterweeklytoenablemonitorgrowth
rateandprojectslaughterweight
accurately.
Ultimatecareshouldbetakennottostress
thebirds

Scaleshouldbethesamelevelwiththeeyeof
theoperatorforaccuracy.

Bucket

Weighbucketofchicks

Chickaverageweight

Graph

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Placebucketonscale.Readoffweight,
confirmnumberofchicksandcontinue
until5%ofchicksareweighed.

Addnumberofchicksweighed.Divide
totalweightwithnumberofchickstoget
averagechickweight.
Relatechickweighttostandard
bodyweightgraph.

Plottheweightsinthegraphand
comparewiththestandardcurve

Donotovercrowd.
Becarefulwithfeetmovementincongested
chickarea.
Reviewnumbersaschicksgetolder.

Noteweightandnumberofchicks.
Thebucketweightshouldbetarredbefore
Commencingthechicksweighing.
Thisthengivesaverageweight.
Ifweightsareloworhigh,contactservice
man
Dayseven:averageliveweightshouldbean
equivalentoffourtimestheweightofday
oldchicks.

Checkfordeviationsandcommunicate tofarm
managerorcontractoffice(contractFarmer)

5.0 FEEDING
AIM:

Feedbirdstoaprescribedweightoffeedandobservebehaviorabnormalities.

REASON:

Formaintenance,growthanduniformityoftheflock.

PREPARATION:Feed,bucketorscoop,wheelbarrow,feeders.

STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

Amountoffeed

Workoutthefeedrequiredperdayas
guidedbythefeedingstandardsprovided.
Day03:chicksshouldconsumea
minimum65gramsoffeed.

Distributeintofeedersevenlywithout
spillage.
Checkclearanceoffeedersbetween
tubeandbasebowl.
Checkheightoffeeders.

Dailyquantityandtypeoffeed.
StarterDay114
GrowersDay1528
Finisherfrom29toslaughter

Feeders

TubeFeeders

Fillthetubefeederonequarter(1/4)
full
Refillthefeederfrequentlytokeepthe
feedinfrontofthebirdsatalltimes.

Automaticfeeders

Adjustthefeedlevelinsideallhoppers
tosamefeed.
Ensurethefeedatthehoppersis
finishedonceadaybeforepumping
more.
Runthefeedersfrequentlytokeepthe
feedinfrontofthebirdsatalltimes.
Mixthefeedforthreedays.Firstday75%
old+25%new,secondday50%oldand
50%new,thirdday25%oldand75%new.

Panfeeders:3050birds/pan
Tubefeeders:5060birds/tube

Changingfeed

Feedingspace

FeedConsumption

Feedleftinhoppers

Drinkers

Idealtimeforcheckingwaterlevelinthe
automaticdrinkers

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1Tubefeederfor50birdsevenlyspread
withinthepoultryhouse.
Toallowfreeflowintobowl(tubefeeders),
adjustgapbetweentubeandfeederbase.
Feedoutletshouldbeatleasthalfaninchin
depthfromtheoutertoplip,toavoidfeed
spillage.
Thetoplipofthefeederissettothelevelof
theaveragebirdsback.

Ensurefeeddoesnotgetstale.
Foryoungbirds,runthefeedathigherlevels
tomakeiteasierforthemtofeed.
Frequentfillingstimulatesfeedintakeand
preventfeedwastage.

Thiswillhelptoensurethefeeddoesnotget
stale.
Foryoungbirds,runthefeedathigherlevels
tomakeiteasierforthemtofeed.
Frequentrunningstimulatesfeedintakeand
preventfeedwastage.

Thishelpstoweanthebirdsfromonefeedto
another

Providingadequatefeedersspaceisan
importantfactorinobtaininggoodlivability,
growthrates,feedconversationRatioand
uniformity.

Inadequatewater,feedunpalatable, Birds
unwellorFeederstoohigh.

Birdsstayawayfromemptydrinkers

6.0 DRINKINGSYSTEM
AIM:

Hangadrinkerinasuitablepositioninapen.Adjusttocorrectheight.Adjustwaterlevel.

REASON:

Toensureabirdisadequatelysuppliedwithwaterandwaterlevellowenoughtoavoidflooding.

PREPARATION:Drinkerswithfunctionalvalve.
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

Water

Wateristhemostimportantnutrientthat
issuppliedtothechicken.
Itrepresents70%ofthetotalbodyweight.
Itisimportantthatbirdshaveaccessto
drinkingwateratalltimes.

Testthewatermonthlytoensurecoliform
freewaterinalldrinkers.

Placechickfontsevenlyinthehouse.
Includetheautomaticdrinkersinthe
broodingareatofacilitatetrainingofchicks
tothedrinkers.

Limitingwaterconsumptionwillreducefeed
consumptionandgrowthrate.
Birdswillquicklybegintodieifwaterisnot
availableinhotwater.

Neverallowthedrinkerstorundry.
Coliforminwatercausesinfectioninbirds.

Waterquality

ChickDrinkers

PositionDrinkers

HeightNipple
drinkers

15|P a g e

Upto7days,thetopoftheautomatic
drinkershouldbesetattheheightofthe
birdsback.
After7days,thedrinkersshouldberaised
toalevelwherethebottomofthedrinker
islevelwiththeaveragebirdsback.
Adjusttohavewaterlevelinthedrinkerto
adepthwherethebirdsaccessit
comfortably.

Firsttwodaysadjusttheheightofthe
waterlinesothatthenipplesareatthe
chickseyelevel.

1Chickfontper100
Graduallymovethechickfontstowardsthe
automaticdrinkers.
Beginningthe6thday,removeofchicks
fontsperday.
1015belldrinkersper1000birds.

Adjusthangingcorduntilbottomofbowlis
inlevelwithbirdsback
Thishelpstominimizewaterspillageand
maintainlitterquality.

Thishelpstominimizewaterspillageand
maintainlitterquality.
Priortoplacementtriggerthesystemby

NippleDrinkers

Waterlevel
adjustment(Bell
drinker)
Cleanliness

Onthethirdday,raisethelinestoallow
thebirdstodrinkata45degreeangle.
Graduallyraisethelinessothatbirdsare
drinkingstraightupby10thday.

Nippledrinkersshouldhavewateratall
times
Besurethenippledrinkerlineisleveland
airfree

Increaseordecreaselevelinbowlto
approximatelydeepbyadjustorscrewon
valve.(dependantonageofchick/bird)

Chickdrinkersandautomaticbelldrinkers
mustbecleaneddaily

draggingacleanbroomacrossthetipsofall
thenipples.

812birds/nipple.
Airinthesystemresultsinanairlock,
disruptingproperwaterflow.

Maximumwaterdepthtoavoidspillage

Thisminimizescontamination.

Belldrinkeraboveandnippledrinkersbelow

16|P a g e

7.0 MAXIMUM/MINIMUMTHERMOMETERREADING
AIM:

Hangmaximum/minimumthermometer.Adjusttocorrectheight.(Positionisimportant,i.e.notnext
tobrooder)

REASON:

Ensurethatthebirdsarecomfortableandgetrightgrowthtemperatures.

PREPARATION:Maximumandminimumthermometer
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

Thermometer

Checkifinworkingorderbycomparing
withanotherthermometer.

Showneedle,readatbottomandindicate
temperature

Readatbottomoftheneedleandindicate
temperature

1. Drawdownneedleswithmagnetuntil
theytouchMercury.
2. Pressbuttonuntilneedlestouch
Mercury

Recordtemperatureongraph.Graph
pointsforhighandlowsshouldbejoined
bystraightlines.

Setthetimingsfortherecordingdates.
Hangthetemperaturerecorderatthe
levelofthechicksinsidethebrooding
area.(notnexttojikosorsidewalls)
Downloadandprintthedetailsbothin
graphformandthetemperaturedata
details.
Comparewiththeidealtemperatures
andtakecorrectivemeasures.

Twothermometersatthesame
temperatureforperiodoftime.

ReadMaximum

Readminimum

ResetNeedle

Graph

TemperatureLoggers/
recorders

17|P a g e

Rightsideofscaleformax.

Leftsidescaleformin.

Replacemagnetonholder.
Notethetemperaturedifferences.A
maximumdifferenceof30Celsiuswithin
24hours.
Checkforanypatternsandtakecorrective
measuresasnecessary.

Wherepossiblesetondailybasisasthese
allowsforcorrectivemeasuresintime
beforeanynegativeimpactonchicken.
Thisallowsforthecorrecttemperatureto
berecorded.
Checkforanyparticularpattern.
Rememberamaximumof30Celsius
variationisallowed.
Ifhottemperaturesarerecorded,reduce
heatattheparticulartimes.
Ifcoldtemparerecordedincreasetheheat
attheparticulartime.

8.0 LITTERMANAGEMENT.
AIM:

Beabletoidentifywherelitterrequiresattentionandtakenecessaryaction.

REASON:

Hygiene,flockcomfortandcleanerbirds.

PREPARATION:Cleanshavings,fork(barrowifrequired)feedersanddrinkersraised.
STAGE

METHOD

Litter

Damppatchesandwet
patches

Thebeddingmaterialcanbewood
shavings,ricehusks,coffeehusk,
andchappedstraw.
Skimoffdampandwetlitter,
loosentoplayerandleveloff.
Removefromtheshedanddispose
offatasuitablesiteawayfrom
flockhouse.
Addcleanshavingstoreplenish
lostlitter.

Littermoisture

Ideallyshouldbemaintainedat2025%.A
goodruleofthethumbinestimatinglitter
moisturecontentissqueezingahandfulof
litter.Ifitadherestightlyandremainsina
ball,itstoowet.Ifslightly,itsproperandif
itwillnotadhereatall,itmaybetoodry.

Litterturning

Turnthelitteratleast3daysaweek
dependingonthestatus.

18|P a g e

KEYPOINTS
Materialusedshouldbeabsorbent,
lightweight,inexpensiveandnontoxic.
Birdsshouldbeabletoscratchlitter.
Disposeatleast1.5kmsfromtheshedor
burnit.
Thisreduceschancesoffuturefarm
contaminationandbacteriabuildup.
Excessivemoistureinthepoultryhouse
increasesincidenceofbreastblisters,skin
burns,scabbyareas,bruising,
condemnationsanddowngrades.
Wetlitterpromotesproliferationof
pathogenicbacteria,mouldsandparasites
e.g.Coccidiosis
Controllinglittermoistureisthemost
importantstepinaavoidingammonia
problems.
Highammonialeveldepressesgrowthand
increasesfeedconversionratio.
ExcessiveamountoflitteraddstoCostand
waste.
Toodrylittercancauseproblemsof
dehydrationofnewchicks,respiratorydisease.
Wetlitteraggravatescoccidiosisbyproviding
theproperenvironmentforoocytesto
sporulate.

Environmentconditionssuchaswetand
humid,condensationorverycold
temperaturescancausewetlitterifthehouse
ventilationisnotabletoeliminatemoisture
effectively.

Litterturningshouldcommenceonnoticing
theonsetoffcaking

9.0 PENUPBIRDSFOROTHEROPERATIONS
AIM:

REASON:

Beabletopenupbirdssecurelywithoutunduestressorsmothering
Toenableothertasktobecarriedoutwherebirdshavetobehandledetc.

PREPARATION:Catchingframes,stringandothermembersofstaff
STAGE
Necessity

Penposition
CatchingFrames

Afteroperation
Duringvaccination/
Weighing
Cleantheequipment

Culling

19|P a g e

METHOD
Birdsarepennedupduringeyedrop
vaccinations,weighingandcollectionfor
slaughter.
Selectbestpositioninpenandremove
obstruction,e.g.feeders,drinkers,etc.
Secureoneend.Stretch outremainderof
frame(s)withassistance.Walkbirdsinto
selectedarea.Bringframe(s)roundand
secure.
Supportlonglengths.
Reducesizeofpennedareasasjob
progresses.
Foldupframeswash,tieandstore.Replace
feedersetcintooriginalpositions.
Ensureallvaccinated/weighedbirdsare
wellseparatedfromthebirdsnot
vaccinated/weighed
Cleantheequipmentandtoolsusedinthe
operation,disinfect,dryandstoreinaclean
dryarea.
Cullallweakandlamebirds

KEYPOINTS
Itisdonetoavoidbirdsfromsmotheringand
tomaketheparticularoperationeasieraswell
assafer.
Topreventinjurytobirdsandstaff.
Tieandsecuretoavoidsuddenmovements
andsuffocation.Watchforovercrowding
constantly,topreventsuffocation.
Topreventframecollapse.
Foreasiercatching.

Foruseinthenextoperation.Thisreduces
costasopposedtopurchasinganotherlot.
Accuracyoftheoperationismaintained.

Toavoiddiseasetransmissionfromonecrop
toanother.
Toimproveonflockperformance
Refertocullinganddisposaltasks.

10.0 PENUPSMALLANDSICKBIRDS
AIM:

REASON:

Beabletopenupbirdssecurelywithoutunduestressorsmothering
Toimproveonbirdsuniformitywithintheflockandtoallowfortreatingthesickbirds

PREPARATION:Catchingframes,stringandothermembersofstaff
STAGE
Necessity
Penposition
Selectionand
separation

Ageseparation

Smallbirds

METHOD
Penupasectionofthehousedependingon
thenumbertobeseparated.
Selectbestpositioninpenpreferably
furthestfromtheentrance.
Selectthesmallerbirdsandputtheminthe
smallpen.

Separationisbestachievedduring
individualbirdshandlingpreferablyateye
dropvaccinationandattheageof1822
days.
Givevitaminsandensurefeedandwater
areavailableatalltimes.

KEYPOINTS
It shouldbedonesmoothlytoavoidbirdsfrom
smothering.
Toensurethehealthybirdsaredealtwithfirst
Tobedonebythepoultrymentoavoid
frighteningofthebirds.
Ifanyotherpersonshavetobeinvolved,make
suretheyhavethesamedresscodesasthe
poultryman.
Lessstressonbirds
Selectionbestachieved

Feedshouldbegivenfrequentlyinsmall
amounts.
Donetoenhanceappetite.
Toensurethebirdsarefeedinganddrinking
well.
SickBirds
Medicatethemseparately
Costreduction
Pleasenote:Pennedsmallbirdsneedtobegivensamefloor/stockingdensity(10birds/metersquareor1bird/
squarefoot)otherwiselowgrowthratesanddiseasewilloccur.

20|P a g e

11.0 VENTILATION
AIM:

Beabletooperateandadjustventsandfanstosuitvaryingclimaticconditions.

REASON:

Tokeephousetemperaturewithinlimitsasprescribedforhealthandenvironmentofbirds.

PREPARATION:Thermometers,temperaturecharts,fansandventsingoodrepair.
STAGE
Ventilation

Poultryshed

HouseTemperature

METHOD
Thisisthecirculationoffreshair
throughtheflockhouseandremovalof
wastegasesanddust.
Theshedshouldbeconstructedinan
eastwestorientationtotake
advantageofprevailingwindsand
avoiddirectsunlightintotheshed.
Narrowhouses(maximum33feetor
10meters)withhighpitchedroof
providemorenaturalairmovement.
MaintainMaximumandminimum
temperatureasperthechickenage
whileprovidingadequatefreshair.

KEYPOINTS
Achievedbypassingairfromonesideof
thehouseandexhaustingthroughthe
oppositeside
Thisimprovesefficiencyofnatural
ventilationandalsoreducessolarheat
directlyintotheshed.

Houselocationofthermometeris
important.
Curtainsshouldbefastenedtotheside
wallatthebottomandopenedfromthe
top.Thisminimizeswindordraught
blowingdirectlyonthebirds.
Topreventstrongwindentryintothe
shed.
Toremoveharmfulgases,removing
excessiveheatandmoisture.
Providingoxygen,improvingairquality
Reducingdustintheair.

Closethesidecurtainsappropriately
tomaintainoptimumtemperature.
Blankoffwherenecessary.
Fromthetop,openatleast2inches
alongsidefromlesswindysideofthe
shed.Leavesomeopeningfrom
othersidetoallowforairmovement.
Topreventlossofhotairthus
RoofventsCOLD
Closeleavingsomeopeningduring
maintainingtherighttemperature.
Weather
thebroodingstage.
Opentheroofventscompletelyafter Toremoveharmfulgases,removing
excessiveheatandmoisture.
brooding
Providingoxygen,improvingairquality
Reducingdustinair.
SidecurtainsHOT
Openasnecessarytocontrol
Avoiddraughtthroughthehouseatthe
Weather
temperature.
broodingstage.
Sameascoldweather.
RoofventsHOT
Openappropriatelytocontrol
Weather
temperaturewhileprovidingadequate
oxygen.
Weather
Changeinweatherwillrequire
Tosuithousetemperature.
attentionofvents.
Pleasenote:atalltimesminimumventilationgap(6inches)mustbemaintainedatthetopofthecurtain
SidecurtainsCOLD
Weather

21|P a g e

12.0 CULLINGANDDISPOSAL
AIM:

Beabletokill,cullbirdsbymanualdislocationoftheneckwithoutunnecessarysufferingof
thebird.Disposeofbirdsquicklyandeffectivelybyincinerationorasotherwiseconvenient
toyou.

REASON:

Todisposeofunwantedstockeffectivelyandhumanely.

PREPARATION:Birdsfordisposal,pencil,facilitiesforhandwashing.
STAGE
HoldBird

METHOD
Graspbird

Dislocateneck

Stretchbirdwithlefthandholdingneck
withrighthandholdingthebirdsfeet
withonecleanandsteadymovement,
bendwristholdingbirdsheadupwards
andbackwardstowardsbirdsneck
maintainingpressureuntilneck
vertebraeseparate.
Enteroncardnumberofbirdsculled
fromthepen.

Recording

Disposal

Taketoincinerator,buryordisposeas
appropriate

Hygiene
Caution

Washanddisinfecthandsproperly
Makesurenonstarters,cripplesand
weakchicksareculledbefore21days.

22|P a g e

KEYPOINTS
Handandfingerpositiononneckvital
forcleandislocation.
Tofeelfordislocationforheadfrom
neck.Shouldbeclosetohead.Cease
pressuretoavoidremovinghead.
Humanekill

Intheappropriatecolumn.Donot
recordasmortality.
Updatetherecordcard.
Useplasticbagtocarry.
SprinkleMagadisoda/causticsodaon
tothecarcassesbeforeburying

Diseaseprecaution.
Weakchicksarethesourceofinfectionin
theflock.

13.0 RECOGNISEABNORMALBEHAVIOUR
AIM:

Torearahealthyflock

REASON:

Tobeabletomedicate/reactontime

PREPARATION:Beobservant,concentrateondetails,monitorfeed/waterconsumptionrates,
listenforrespiratorynoises,checkforabnormaldroppings,dopostmortem
STAGE
Signs

METHOD
1. Lameness,reducedfeed
consumption

2. Increaseinmortality

3. Unnaturallynervousbirds

4. Increaseofsmallandthinbirds

5. Abnormaldroppings,some
containingblood.

6. Swolleneyes,coughing,discharge
fromeyesornasalpassages.

7. Cannibalism

8. Quiet,unusualbehavior

9. Increasedwaterconsumptions.

10.
Diarrhea

Deadbirds

Removeimmediatelyfrompenand
isolatereadyfordisposal.
Massmortality,>80%,donottouch,
callveterinaryofficer.

23|P a g e

KEYPOINTS
Reporttoserviceman

SmotheredORbadfeedORsignsof
diseases.Takesamplestothelaband
reporttofieldserviceman,

Signsofdisease.Takesamplestothe
Labandreporttofieldservicesman.

Temperaturefluctuationsatbroodings
stage.(drafts,lackofsufficientwater,
feed,drinkers,feeders)

Signsofdisease.Takesamplestothe
Labandreporttofieldserviceman.

Signsofdisease.Takesamplestothe
Labandreporttofieldserviceman.

Excessiveheatstress,brightlight

Signsofdisease.Takesamplestothe
Labandreporttofieldserviceman.

Signsofoverheatingor/andsignof
disease.

Signsofoverheatingor/andsignof
disease.
Consultfieldserviceman

Aseriousdiseaserisk.
Disposeatthedisposalpitasperabove
Notifyauthority

14.0 VACCINANTIONOFSTOCKWITHLIVEVACCINEINWATER
AIM:

Beabletocarryoutlivevaccinationthroughdrinkingwater.

REASON:

Toimmunizebirdsagainstthediseaseforwhichvaccineisintended.

PREPARATION:VaccinationKit,drum,bucketmarkedingallons/liters,wateringcan,mixingstock,2liters
measure,tablespoon,driedmilkandvaccine.
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

VaccinatingCondition

Vaccinatebirdsatthefirstlightinthe
morning.
Storethevaccineatrecommended
temperatures480Celsius
Avoidexposingvaccinetodirectsunlight
atalltimes.
Thewatershouldbecompletelyfreeof
chlorine,medicationorchemicalagents
for48hrspriortovaccinationand
24hoursaftervaccination.
DONOTvaccinatesickbirds
Ensurevaccinehasnotexpired
2hoursbeforevaccination,switchoff
water.
Cleandrinkerswithcleanwater,leave
drinkersdry.

Lessstressingtothebirds

Killsthevaccineandaffectsitsefficacy

Killsthevaccineandaffectsitsefficacy

Killsthevaccineandaffectsitsefficacy

Interfereswithdiseaseprotection

Consultfieldserviceman/VetOfficer

Thirstbirds

Beforestarting

AgeofStock

Mixing

Distribution

VaccineReaction

24|P a g e

Readinstructionsfrommanufacturer
clearly.Ifindoubtgetadvicefrom
serviceman/vetofficerorlaboratory.

Alwaysgiveatcorrectdilution.

Usecorrectamountofwatertoageof
stock,114daysold5litresfor200birds
>15daysold8litersfor200birds.
Placecorrectamountofwaterin
relationtoageinadrum.Mix2gramsof
dryskimmedmilkperliterofwater

Removefoilcapfromvaccinebottle.
Holdvaccinebottleunderwatersurface
andremoverubbercap.
Reconstitutevaccineinsmallamountof
waterfirstthenmixintodrum.
Distributequicklyaspossibleandevenly
toalldrinkers.

Vaccinationreactionoccurs35days
aftervaccination

Nodisinfectantshouldbeusedasthiswould
killvaccine.
Birdswillbethirsty.
Incoldweather,longerwithdrawalperiod
mightbenecessarytoachievethedesired
thirst.
Wrongvaccineadministrationaffectsits
efficacy.

Wrongdilutioncancausestress.

Givecorrectdilution

Skimmedmilkwillneutralizeheavymetals

Togivemaximumgoodcoverage
Allofthevaccineshouldbeconsumed
withintwohoursofmixing(dontforgetto
switchonthemainwatersupplyonce
vaccineconsumed)
Birdsshouldnotbestressedatthistime.
Temperatures,ventilation,feedandwater
managementshouldbekeptatoptimal
levels.
Ifthereactionisnotedover5days,consult
fieldservicemanandorvetofficer


Keepvaccinesat28oCinarefrigerator

15.0 REMOVEAIRFROMDRINKERSUPPLYLINE
AIM:

Beabletoremoveairfromsystemwithoutwettinglitter

REASON:

Forcontinuoussupplyofdrinkingwater

PREPARATION:Gardenhouseorbucket,ladder.
STAGE

METHOD

KEYPOINTS

SupplyTank

Placeladderonendofbuilding.
Opentanklidandcheckwaterlevel
Checkvalveisopenfullyattankoutlet
Placehoseonendofdrinkerssupplyin
poultryhouse,directhoseawayfromlitter.
Opentaponsupplyline.Lasttwodrinkers
willbedryifairlockexists.Repeatwith
otherpipesinpoultryhouse.
Storeequipmentforfutureuseinthestore

Secureladder
Tankshouldbefull
Outerrestrictionmeanslesswater
Furthestfromsupply.Outsideifpossible.
Waterandairventout.

TankLevel
Removeairfrom
system

ReturnEquipment

25|P a g e

16.0 POULTRYEQUIPMENT
AIM:

Beabletouseorimprovisedifferenttypesofpoultryequipmentinvariousstagesof
husbandry

REASON:

Availability,efficiencyandcosteffective

PREPARATION:Troughfeeders,tubefeeders,panfeeders,gunnybags,polythenesheet,fontdrinkers,
automaticdrinkers,plasticbowls,siltedjerrycans,plates,jikos,infraredbulbs,brooderstoves,kerosene
lanterns.
STAGE
Tubefeeders

ChickPanFeeders
Broodingpaper,or
bagsorpolythene
sheet
Fontdrinkers
AutomaticBell
Drinkers

Charcoalburners
(Jiko)

InfraredBulbs(for
brooding)

Brooderstoves

Bluelight
PVCtubes

METHOD
Bestusedassoonasbirdsareold
enoughtoaccess.Mostefficientwith
leastfeedwastage.
Idealforfirstweek.(Replacewithtube
feedersassoonaspossible)
Forintroducingdayoldchicksto
feeding

KEYPOINTS
Adjustheighttobirdsbacklevel.

Idealfromdayoldchickstotwoweeks
Idealsecondweekforpartialhouse
broodingandfromdayoldchicks(if
birdscanaccessfreely)forwholehouse
brooding.Mostefficientinwater
distribution.Lessspillage,lesslabor.
Commonlyusedupto5jikosof18
diametermaybeneededfor3000
chicks.

Checkforleaks
Checkforleakswaterflow,blockage.
heightlevelwithbirdsback

Takelongtowarmroomtorequired
temperature.Heatfluctuation
poisonousgases.Carbondioxideand
monoxide.Firerisk.Regularguard.
Redcolorattractschickstoheatedarea. Powerfailure,standbyheater.
Maintaintemperature.Easyhandle.No Expensive.Heatingcapacity100150
chicks.
firerisk.Limiteduseduetolackof
electricity.
Shortageoflowpressuregas.Leakinggas
BluelightTwotypes,gasandparaffin.
orparaffinisafirerisk.Heatcapacity700
Higherheatingcapacityperunitthan
1500chicksand15003000forbiggas
jikosorinfraredbulbs.canbeused
brooders.
anywhere
Bluelightisusedduringcollection
Birdsdonotseeproperlyinbluelight.
Toreducesecondgradesatslaughter.To
4inchesfulllengthheavydutyPVC
makecratesloadingeasier.
tubestoassistcratesloadingduring
chickencollection.

26|P a g e

Add1/3fulltoreducewastageby
scratchingconstantcheckforshaving.
Wetfeedfromwetfeetofchicks.
Drinkingwatershouldbecheckedclosely

17.0 HOUSECLEANOUTCHECKLIST

AIM:

Houseandequipmentsarereadyforthenextchickplacement.
Toensurethatthehouseiscleanedthoroughlyandrisksofdiseasesofpreviousflock
infectingyoungchicksisprevented.
PREPARATION:Scraperandspade,gunnybags,detergents/disinfectants,washingpumps,protectivegear
andwheelbarrow.

STAGE
METHOD
KEYPOINTS
REASON:

Equipment

Drycleaning

Washing

Allowtheunittodry
Disinfection

Bacteriological
Analysis
Litter

Removeallfeedersanddrinkersfromtheunitand Pouranyfeedinthefeedersontothe
puttheminthesun.
manure.
Suchfeedshouldneverbekept.
Inearthfloors,afterevery35crops,itis
Pilethelittertogether,putinemptybagsand
advisabletodigoutthetop1inchofthe
removefromtheunit
floorandreplacewithnewearth
Usingabroomremoveallcobwebsanddust
theroof
Thewholeprocessfromequipment
removaltosweepingthefloorshouldtake
Sweepthefloorensuringallmanureisremoved
45days.
andplacethesweepingsintousedsacks.
Allmanureshouldbetakentoatleast
Removeoldwornoutcurtainsandburn.
1.5kmradiusfrompoultryhouse.
Washtheunitfirstwithwatertoremoveheavy Thisshouldtake1daywithmaximumof2
days
soilingthenwithsoap/detergent.Start
washingfromtheroof,wallsandfinallythe
DetergentsrecommendedincludeBrillo,
floor.
Omniclean,Norocleanse,Biogenandmulti
clean.
Atthesametimethefeedersanddrinkers
shouldbewashedusingsoap/detergentand
Donotusebothalkalineandacidic
placedoutinthesuntodry
chemicalsatonce;theywillbeinactivated
bytheirchemicalreactions.
PVCcurtainsshouldbewashedaspartof
thewall.
Allowunittimetodry.
Recommended3dayswithaminimumof2
days.
Disinfectantshouldbeusedas
Forearthenfloor,soakwith40%Formalinor
recommendedbythemanufacturer.
pourlimestoneontothefloor.
Disinfectantsrecommendedinclude
Disinfecttheunitbysprayingdisinfectant
Neopredisan,virotech,pharmguard,
solutionstartingfromthewallsupwardstothe
pharmacide,virukill,omnicide,TH4.
roofandfinallythefloor.
Feedersanddrinkersshouldalsobedisinfected Disinfectantmustbecompatiblewithtype
ofdetergentused.
byeithersoakingthemovernightinan
approveddisinfectantsolutionorsprayingthem
withthesame.
Periodically(every35crops)theunitwillbe
swabbedatthisstagetodeterminethebacterial
load
Placeintotheunitat23 inchesdepth.

Thisdeterminestheeffectivenessoftheclean
outprocedure
Recommendedlitterincludewoodshavings,
ricehuskscoffeehusksandcottonhusks.
Sawdustnotrecommended.
Placeadaybefore.

Curtains

Fixcleananddisinfectedcurtainsontothe
windows

Curtainsshouldbedrybeforebeingfixedon
thewindows.

Equipmentand
brooder

Returncleandrinkersandfeedersintotheunit
andprepareabrooder.

Recommend2daysbeforeplacement.

Disinfect/Fumigate

Spraythelitterwithdisinfectantsolutionbutdo
notwetthelitter.Alternativelyfumigatetheshed
usingformalin.

ThelastdisinfectionMUSTbeat24hrsbefore
chicksarrive

27|P a g e

18.0 VACCINATIONOFSTOCKWITHLIVEVACCINETHROUGHSPRAYING

AIM:

Beabletocarryoutlivevaccinationsthroughspraying

REASON:
Toimmunizebirdsagainstthediseaseforwhichvaccineisintendedwithminimumlabor

PREPARATION:Vaccinationkit,drum,bucketmarkedingallons/liters,wateringcan,mixingstock,2liter
measure,tablespoon,driedmilkandvaccine.

STAGE
Nozzles
Handspray

Knapsacksprayer

Dropletssize

PressureRegulator

ConfineBirds

LightIntensity

Wind

Vaccine

Vaccination

Spraying

AfterVaccination
Storage

28|P a g e

METHOD
ChecktheNozzleopeningbeforeuse

WellsuitedforfirstvaccinationagainstND[New
castleDiseases]&IB[InfectiousBronchitis]in
youngchicks

PopularforfirstvaccinationagainstND&IBat
poultryfarms

Checkthedropletsizebeforestartingthe
vaccination

Sprayershouldbefittedwithapressureregulator

Confinethebirdsalongthewallsofthepoultry
house.

Reducethelightintensityatthelevelatwhichyou
canbarelyseethebirds

Mindthewindtakingthesprayedvaccineoutof
thepoultryshedtotheneighborhood

Dissolvethevaccineinclearcoldwaterfreefrom
dustandchemicals

Forfirstvaccinationuse500mlofwaterfor1000
birdsifhousedonthefloor[deeplitter]High
pressure[68bar]andsmallnozzlediameter
[16mm]take750mlfor1000birds

Spray50cmabovethebirdssprayingata
constantspeed

Disposeoffleftovervaccine .Rinsethesprayer
withcleannonchlorinatedwater.
Keepsprayingapparatusonthefarmstore.

KEYPOINTS
Regulatesdropletssizes
Producescoarsedroplets

Useunderdirectionoftechnicallyqualified
staff.
Sizedependsonnozzlediameter0.55
1.60mmandpressure[26bars]
Checkthepressureregularlyduringspraying
andaddpressurewherenecessary.Pressure
variesduringspraying.

Stopsthemfromspreadingoverthewhole
housevaccinationefficiency
Inopenhousesvaccinatejustbeforesunrise
oratdusk
Keepventilationminimalduringandshortly
aftervaccination.
Do notvaccinatesickbirds

Donotvaccinatesickbirds.

Sprayuniformlyswitchofheaterswhere
necessary
NEVERmakeuseofdisinfectantsor
detergentsforcleaningsprayers
DONOTusethemforotherpurposeslike
controlofparasites

19.0 BROILERINSPECTIONCHECKLIST

AIM:

Tobeabletoassessfarmstandards

BROILERFARMINSPECTIONRECORD
DATE

15

INSPECTOR

CategoryandDescription

SCORE

Comment

Records

Minimum Actual

BlackBook

RecordCard

VisitorsBook

RodentControl:BaitingPoint

Shedandcurtainstatus

Footbaths

LitterDisposal

Numbers

PhysicalApp.

Feedavailability

Drinkers

Numbers

PhysicalApp.

Wateravailable

Generaltidiness

Bufferzone3meters

Birddisposalpit

HealthStatus

Uniform:Gumboots,overalls,dustcoats,etc

BirdProofing

OtherLivestock

Feeders

Poultry/pigs

Scoresvalues:0=Verybad,1=bad,2=fair,3=satisfactory,4=good,5=excellent
TOTALSCORESOUTOF60SignedFarmer/Representative

29|P a g e