ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا: ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ cherifalix@yahoo.fr تﺎﺴﻴﻤﺨﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻧ تﺎﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟا ةدﺎﻤﻟ ﻲﻨﻃﻮﻟا نﺎﺤﺘﻣﻻا ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳ ةرود 2006 ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟا م ﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﺒﻌﺷ) ب و أ (

‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮ م اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ) أ و ب(‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت‬

‫‪cherifalix@yahoo.fr‬‬
‫‪www.madariss.fr‬‬ ‫دورة ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﻴﺴﺎت‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0‬‬ ‫ا ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻷول ‪:‬‬

‫⎟ ‪⎜ 3 4 ⎟ × ⎜ 2 5 ⎟ = ⎜ 11 20‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫⎧⎪⎧‬ ‫⎪⎫‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1 0‬‬
‫⎜ = )‪G = ⎨⎨M (a ,b‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪(a,‬‬ ‫)‪b‬‬ ‫∈‬ ‫‪IR‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪IR‬‬ ‫*‬‫⎬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛ 1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0‬‬ ‫⎩⎩⎪‬ ‫⎠‪⎝a b‬‬ ‫⎭⎪‬
‫⎟ ‪⎜ 2 5 ⎟ × ⎜ 3 4 ⎟ = ⎜17 20‬‬ ‫و‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫‪ (1 – ( I‬ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن ‪ G‬ﺟﺰء ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ )×‪. (M 2 (IR),‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0⎞ ⎛1 0‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ )‪ M (a ,b‬و ) ‪ M (c,d‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ G‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫⎟‪⎜3 4⎟ × ⎜ 2 5⎟ ≠ ⎜ 2 5⎟ × ⎜3 4‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎞‪0‬‬
‫⎜ = ) ‪M (a ,b ) × M (c,d‬‬ ‫×‬
‫⎜ ⎟‬ ‫⎜ ⎟‬‫=‬ ‫⎟‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إذن أ ن )× ‪ (G,‬زﻣﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺒﺎدﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ a b ⎠ ⎝ c d ⎠ ⎝ a + bc bd‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ أ ن ‪ (a + bc, bd) ∈ IR × IR * :‬ﻓﺈن ‪M (a ,b ) × M (c,d ) ∈ G :‬‬
‫} ‪H = {M (a ,b) ∈ G /(a,b) ∈ IR × IR *+‬‬ ‫‪ ( 3‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ G :‬ﺟﺰء ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ )× ‪. (M 2 (IR),‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أ ن‪ H :‬زﻣﺮة ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﺮة )× ‪ . (G,‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ H ≠ φ‬ﻷن ‪I ∈ H‬‬
‫‪ ( 2‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أ ن )× ‪ (G,‬زﻣﺮة ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) ‪ M (a ,b‬و ) ‪ M (c,d‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ H‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ G ≠ φ :‬ﻷن ‪ I ∈ G‬و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ G‬ﺟﺰء ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ )× ‪.n (M 2 (IR),‬‬
‫‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎞‪0‬‬
‫⎜ = ) ‪M (a ,b ) × M (c,d‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎜×‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎜=‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ a b ⎠ ⎝ c d ⎠ ⎝ a + bc bd‬‬ ‫‪a 1‬‬
‫و ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ M = ⎜ a 1 ⎟ :‬ﻣﻊ * ‪(− , ) ∈ IR × IR‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ (a, b) ∈ IR × IR *+ :‬و ‪. (c,d) ∈ IR × IR *+‬‬ ‫‪b b‬‬ ‫‪⎜−‬‬

‫) ‪( a ,b‬‬
‫⎟‬
‫⎠‪⎝ b b‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ‪ (a + bc,bd) ∈ IR × IR *+ :‬إذن ‪M (a ,b) × M (c,d ) ∈ H :‬‬ ‫إذن ‪ .o M −1 ∈ G :‬و ﺑﻤﺎ أن × ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ )‪ M 2 (IR‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻲ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫) ‪( a ,b‬‬
‫‪ . p G‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ‪ n‬و ‪ o‬و ‪ p‬أ ن )× ‪ (G,‬زﻣﺮة ‪.‬‬

‫⎞‪0‬‬ ‫‪⎛ 1‬‬ ‫* دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺒﺎدﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﺮة ‪:‬‬
‫‪ M −1‬ﻣﻊ ‪(a, b) ∈ IR × IR *+‬‬ ‫‪=⎜ a‬‬
‫و ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪1 ⎟⎟ :‬‬
‫) ‪( a ,b‬‬
‫‪⎜−‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0⎞ ⎛1 0‬‬
‫⎠‪b‬‬ ‫‪⎝ b‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ‪ G‬اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺘﻴﻦ ‪ ⎜ 3 4 ⎟ :‬و ⎟ ‪⎜ 2 5‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫⎠‬
‫‪a 1‬‬
‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ (− , ) ∈ IR × IR *+ :‬ﻓﺈن ‪M −1 ∈ H :‬‬
‫) ‪( a ,b‬‬
‫‪b b‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ ϕ‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪ H :‬زﻣﺮة ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﺮة )× ‪. (G,‬‬
‫) ‪ M (c,d‬ﻣﻦ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ ϕ‬ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﻲ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ )‪ M (a ,b‬و‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ أ ﺟﻞ رﺑﺢ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺁﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ‪ 1‬و ‪ 2‬دون إﻋﺎدة ﺣﺴﺎب ﺟﺪاء اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫و اﻟﻤﻘﻠﻮب ﻣﺮة ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ G‬ﺑﺸﺮوط اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪H‬‬
‫‪⎧a = b‬‬
‫⎨‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⇐ (a, b) = (c,d) ⇐ ϕ(M (a ,b) ) = ϕ(M (c,d ) ) :‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1 0‬‬
‫⎩‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫)‪. (a ∈ IR‬‬ ‫⎜=‪A‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫‪ ( 4‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪ A n‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ a‬و ‪ . n‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫)‪ M (a ,b) = M (c,d‬إذن ‪ ϕ‬ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫⎠‪⎝a 1‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫‪ ϕ -‬ﺷﻤﻮﻟﻲ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ * ‪ (a, b) ∈ IR × IR‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ϕ(M (a ,b) ) = (a,b) :‬‬ ‫⎜ = ‪A2 = A × A‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎜×‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎜=‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ A1 = A :‬و‬
‫إذن ‪ ϕ‬ﺷﻤﻮﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ a 1 ⎠ ⎝ a 1 ⎠ ⎝ 2a 1‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ϕ‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ‪ G‬ﻧﺤﻮ * ‪. IR × IR‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫⎜= ‪. A‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪na‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ إذن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻊ أن ‪⎟ :‬‬

‫‪ ϕ o‬ﺗﺸﺎآﻞ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ )‪ M (a ,b‬و ) ‪ M (c,d‬ﻣﻦ ‪. G‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ل ‪. n = 1‬‬
‫) )‪ϕ(M (a ,b) × M (c,d ) ) = ϕ(M (a + bc,bd‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫⎜= ‪. A‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺘﺮض أن اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ أ ﺟﻞ ‪ n‬ﻣﻦ * ‪ IN‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪⎟ :‬‬
‫‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎞‪0‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ na 1‬‬
‫⎜ = )‪M (a ,b) × M (c,d‬‬ ‫×‬
‫⎜ ⎟‬ ‫=‬
‫⎜ ⎟‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫ﻷن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪⎛ 1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎞‪0‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ a b ⎠ ⎝ c d ⎠ ⎝ a + bc bd‬‬ ‫⎜ = ‪A n +1 = A n × A‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎜×‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫⎜=‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⎟ :‬‬
‫)‪ϕ(M (a + bc,bd ) ) = (a + bc,bd‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫‪na‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎝ ⎠‬ ‫‪(n‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎠‬
‫و ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ‪(a + bc,bd) = (a,b)T(c,d) = ϕ(M (a ,b) )T ϕ(M (c,d ) ) :‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫⎜ = ‪(∀n ∈ IN*) : A n‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ϕ(M (a ,b) × M (c,d) ) = ϕ(M (a ,b) )T ϕ(M (c,d) ) :‬إذن ‪ ϕ‬ﺗﺸﺎآﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ na 1‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ n‬و ‪ o‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪ ϕ‬ﺗﺸﺎآﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ )× ‪ (G,‬ﻧﺤﻮ )‪. (IR × IR*,T‬‬ ‫‪ ( I I‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ * ‪ IR × IR‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ‪ T‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ )‪ (a,b‬و )‪ (x, y‬ﻣﻦ * ‪(a, b)T(x, y) = (a + bx, by) : IR × IR‬‬
‫‪ ( 2‬ﺑﻤﺎ أن )× ‪ (G,‬زﻣﺮة و ‪ ϕ‬ﺗﺸﺎآﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ )× ‪ (G,‬ﻧﺤﻮ )‪. (IR × IR*,T‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪ ϕ‬اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻣﻦ ‪ G‬ﻧﺤﻮ * ‪ IR × IR‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن )‪ (IR × IR*,T‬زﻣﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(∀(a,b) ∈ IR × IR*) : ϕ(M (a ,b) ) = (a,b‬‬
‫‪ ( 3‬ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ )‪ (a,1)T(a,1)T......T(a,1‬ﻓﻲ )‪(IR × IR*,T‬‬
‫‪n‬ﻣﺮة‬
‫‪ ( 1‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أن ‪ ϕ‬ﺗﺸﺎآﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ‪ G‬ﻧﺤﻮ * ‪: IR × IR‬‬
‫‪ ϕ n‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ‪ G‬ﻧﺤﻮ * ‪: IR × IR‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬ﻧﻔﺘﺮض أن ‪ a = 1 :‬ﺑﻤﺎ أ ن ‪ b = 1 :‬ﻓﺈ ﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ * ‪a 2 (a + b) = 0 :‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ϕ(A) = (a,1) :‬‬

‫و هﺬا ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻷن * ‪. (a, b) ∈ IN * ×IN‬‬ ‫إذن ‪(a,1)T(a,1)T......T(a,1) = ϕ(A)Tϕ(A)T......Tϕ(A) = ϕ(A n ) :‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ b = 1‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ * ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪d(a − 1) = (a + 1)a :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪n‬ﻣﺮة‬ ‫‪n‬ﻣﺮة‬
‫إذن ‪ (a − 1) /(a + 1)a :‬و ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ a‬و ‪ a − 1‬ﻋﺪدﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﻤﺎ أوﻟﻴﺎن ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫إذن ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ‪ A n‬ﻓﻲ )× ‪ (G,‬هﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ )‪. (a,1)T(a,1)T......T(a,1‬‬
‫إذن ‪. (a − 1) /(a + 1) :‬‬ ‫‪n‬ﻣﺮة‬
‫د ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ a − 1 = (a + 1) − 2 :‬و )‪ (a − 1) /(a + 1‬إ ذن ‪a − 1/ 2 :‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬

‫⎜ = ‪An‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ أن ﻧﺤﺪد ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ‪ A n‬ﻓﻲ )× ‪ (G,‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ a ∈ IN * :‬ﻓﺈن ‪ a − 1 = 2 :‬أو ‪a − 1 = 1‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ na 1‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ a = 2 :‬أ و ‪. a = 3‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫‪ ( 2‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ b = 1 ) :‬و ‪ ( a = 2‬أ و ) ‪ b = 1‬و ‪( a = 3‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬
‫⎜ = ) ‪ ) ( A n‬ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ 2_I‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ⎟ ‪= ⎜ a 1‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪( M −1‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⎟ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ b = 1 ) :‬و ‪ ( a = 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ ل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ * ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪d = 12 :‬‬ ‫‪⎜−‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪na‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‬
‫) ‪( a ,b‬‬
‫)‪(x, y) = (12 × 2,12 × 1) = (24,12‬‬ ‫إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝ b b‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ b = 1 ) :‬و ‪ ( a = 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ ل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ * ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪. d = 9 :‬‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ )‪. (a,1)T(a,1)T......T(a,1‬ﺣﻴﺚ }‪. n ∈ IN * − {1‬‬
‫)‪(x, y) = (9 × 3,9 × 1) = (27,9‬‬ ‫إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪n‬ﻣﺮة‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ : (E‬هﻲ ‪. {(24,12),(27,9)} :‬‬ ‫)‪ϕ(( A n ) ) = ϕ(M ( − na ,1) ) = (−na,1‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫هﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫ا ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫ا ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪P(z) = z − (2 + 6i)z‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﺪد ‪ z‬ﻋﻘﺪي ﻣﻦ ‪ C‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ * ‪ IN * ×IN‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪(E) : x (x + y) = y (x − y) :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫( ‪ ( 1‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﻘﺪي اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﻨﻈﻢ ‪. O,e1 ,e 2‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ ( 1‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ )‪ (x, y‬ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ . (E‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ x ∧ y = d‬و ‪ x = ad‬و ‪y = bd‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ )‪ (H‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ذات اﻟﻠﺤﻖ ‪ z‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن )‪ P(z‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ -‬ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ‪ x = ad‬و ‪ y = bd‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(E‬‬
‫ﻧﺠﺪ ‪ a d (a + b)d = b d (a − b) d :‬و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪* a (a + b) = b (a − b) d :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أن ‪ x 2 − y 2 − 2x + 6y = 0‬هﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ دﻳﻜﺎرﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪. (H‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ z = x + yi :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ Re(z) = x :‬و ‪. Im(z) = y‬‬ ‫‪(a ∧ b = 1 ⇒ a ∧ b‬‬ ‫ب – ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ أ – أ ن ‪ b / a 2 (a + b) :‬و ﺑﻤﺎ أ ن ‪= 1) :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪ P(z‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ⇔ )‪P(z) = − P(z) ⇔ P(z) = − P(z‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ‪ b /(a + b) :‬و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ b / b :‬إ ذن ‪ b /(a + b) − b :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪b / a :‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪(x + iy) − (2 + 6i)(x + iy) = −(x − iy) 2 + (2 − 6i)(x − iy) :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫و ﺑﻤﺎأ ن ‪ a ∧ b = 1 :‬و * ‪ (a, b) ∈ IN * ×IN‬ﻓﺈن ‪. b = 1 :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪ (∆1 ) : Y = X : (Ω,e1 ,e 2‬و ‪(∆ 2 ) : Y = − X‬‬ ‫‪ x 2 − y 2 − 2x + 6y = 0‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ دﻳﻜﺎرﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ )‪. (H‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎧y − 3 = x − 1‬‬ ‫‪ ( 2‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ )‪(H‬‬
‫⎨‬ ‫ﺑﺂﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x 2 − y 2 − 2x + 6y = 0 ⇔ ( x − 1) − ( y − 3) = −8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫⎩‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪(x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ (∆1 ) : y = x + 2 :‬و ‪. (∆ 2 ) : y = − x + 4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛ x −1⎞ ⎛ y − 3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫⎜⇔‬ ‫⎜‪⎟ −‬‬ ‫‪⎟ = −1‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪(O,e1 ,e 2‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝2 2⎠ ⎝2 2‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﺮآﺰ )‪ (H‬هﻮ )‪. Ω(1,3‬‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﺎن هﻤﺎ ‪ A(1,2 2 + 3) :‬و )‪. A '(1,3 − 2 2‬‬ ‫‪⎧X = x − 1‬‬
‫⎨ ﻓﺈن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (H‬ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪(Ω,e1 ,e 2‬‬ ‫إذاوﺿﻌﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﺑﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ ‪ (∆1 ) : y = x + 2 :‬و ‪. (∆ 2 ) : y = − x + 4‬‬ ‫‪⎩Y = y − 3‬‬
‫‪ ( 3‬اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪ O(0,0‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (H‬إذن ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ )‪. (H‬‬ ‫‪X2‬‬ ‫‪Y2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2 −‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ )‪ Ω(1,3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪2 = −1 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ O‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪. (O,e1 ,e 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫( )‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن )‪ (H‬هﺬﻟﻮل )‪ (H‬ﻣﺮآﺰﻩ )‪. Ω(1,3‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (H‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ل ) ‪= −1 : (Ω,e1 ,e 2‬‬
‫) ‪(2 2 ) (2 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪: (Ω,e1 ,e 2‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺘﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ O‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪ (Ω,e1 ,e 2‬هﻤﺎ ‪ O(−1, −3) :‬و ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﺎن هﻤﺎ ‪ A(0,2 2) :‬و )‪. A(0, −2 2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮ ع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ ‪ .‬إذن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ل )‪ (H‬ﻋﻨﺪ )‪ O(−1, −3‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﺑﺎن ‪ (∆1 ) : Y = X :‬و ‪(∆ 2 ) : Y = − X‬‬
‫) ‪(Ω,e1 ,e 2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪: (O,e1 ,e 2‬‬
‫‪X 3Y‬‬ ‫‪XX 0 YY0‬‬ ‫)‪ A(0,2 2‬و )‪A(0, −2 2‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪: (Ω,e1 ,e 2‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ‬‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪= −1 :‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫هﻲ ‪= −1 :‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪⎧⎪0 = x − 1‬‬ ‫‪⎧⎪0 = x − 1‬‬ ‫‪⎧X = x − 1‬‬
‫‪⎧X = x − 1‬‬ ‫⎨‬ ‫⎨و‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫⎨‬ ‫ﺑﺂﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫⎨ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ل )‪(H‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪ (O,e1 ,e 2‬ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪⎪⎩−2 2 = y − 3 ⎪⎩2 2 = y − 3‬‬ ‫‪⎩Y = y − 3‬‬
‫‪⎩Y = y − 3‬‬
‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪ (O,e1 ,e 2‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ A(1,2 2 + 3) :‬و )‪A '(1,3 − 2 2‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ O‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ ) ‪. − x + 3y = 0 : (O,e1 ,e 2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ ( 1 ( II‬ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪. P(z) = 4 − 6i :‬‬ ‫‪ ( 4‬إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ )‪: (H‬‬

‫‪P(z) = 4 − 6i ⇔ z − ( 2 + 6i ) z − 4 + 6i = 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪∆ ' = (1 + 3i) 2 + 4 − 6i = −4 = ( 2.i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫إذن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪ z1 = 1 + (3 + 2)i = 1 + 5i : C‬و ‪z 2 = 1 + i‬‬

‫‪ ( 2‬أ ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪u × v = (1 + 5i) (1 + i) = (476 − 480i)(1 + i‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪= 956 − 4i = 4(239 − i) = 4w‬‬

‫ب ( ﻋﻤﺪة ‪: u‬‬
‫‪1⎛ 1 ⎞ 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ) ‪u = ⎜ + i ⎟ = ( tan ( α ) + i‬‬ ‫) ) ‪( sin ( α ) + i cos ( α‬‬
‫‪5⎝ 5 ⎠ 5‬‬ ‫) ‪5cos ( α‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫‪⎛π‬‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫‪⎛π‬‬ ‫⎞⎞‬
‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫⎟‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪isin‬‬ ‫⎜‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫⎟⎟‬
‫⎜⎝ ) ‪5cos ( α‬‬ ‫‪⎝2‬‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫‪⎝2‬‬ ‫⎠⎠‬
‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫) ‪α = Arc tan ⎜ ⎟ ⇒ 0 ≺ α ≺ ⇒ cos ( α‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪:‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫]‪arg ( u ) = − α [ 2π‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة ‪: w‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪239‬‬
‫‪w = 239 ⎜1 −‬‬ ‫= ⎟‪i‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪( cos ( −β ) + isin ( −β ) ) :‬‬
‫) ‪⎝ 239 ⎠ cos ( β‬‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛ 1‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫⎜ ‪. β = Arc tan‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪⎟ ⇒ 0 ≺ α ≺ ⇒ cos ( β ) 0 :‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ 239‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫]‪arg ( w ) = −β [ 2π‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬

‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪Arg ( u 4 × v ) ≡ Arg ( 4w ) [ 2π] :‬‬ ‫‪u 4 × v = 4w‬‬ ‫ج ( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪4Arg ( u ) + Arg ( v ) ≡ Arg ( 4 ) + Arg ( w ) [ 2π] :‬‬
‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫‪∀x ∈ IR *+ : x‬‬ ‫)‪ln(x‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أن ‪:‬‬ ‫≡ ‪4α − β‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 4 ⎜⎛ − α ⎟⎞ + ≡ 0 − β[ 2π] :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪[ 2π] :‬‬
‫)‪h(x) = x − ln(x‬‬ ‫*‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ h‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ IR +‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪⎝2‬‬ ‫‪⎠ 4‬‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ h‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ‪IR *+‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪( ∃k ∈ Z ) / 4α − β = + 2kπ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 x−2 x‬‬ ‫‪x 2 − 4x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫⎫‬
‫= )‪h '(x‬‬ ‫= ‪−‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫≺ ‪≺1⇒ 0 ≺ α‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫≺‪0‬‬ ‫⎪‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫‪2 x x‬‬ ‫‪2x x‬‬ ‫‪2x x x + 2 x‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ‪⇒ − ≺ 4α − β ≺ π :‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎬‪π‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫≺‪0‬‬ ‫≺ ‪≺1⇒ 0 ≺ β‬‬ ‫⎪‬
‫)‪x(x − 4‬‬ ‫‪239‬‬ ‫⎭‪4‬‬
‫= )‪h '(x‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪2x x x + 2 x‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪⎛ π π‬‬ ‫⎞‬
‫) ‪⎜ − ≺ + 2kπ ≺ π ⎟ ⇒ ( k = 0‬‬
‫‪⎝ 4 4‬‬ ‫⎠‬
‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ xlim‬و ∞‪lim h(x) = +‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ‪h(x) = +∞ :‬‬ ‫⎞‪π‬‬
‫‪x → 0+‬‬ ‫∞‪→+‬‬ ‫⎛‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬ ‫‪⎛ 1 ⎞ π‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إذن ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. h‬‬ ‫⎜ ‪⎜ 4α − β = ⎟ ⇒ 4Arc tan ⎜ ⎟ − Arc tan‬‬ ‫=⎟‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠‪4‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝5‬‬ ‫‪⎝ 239 ⎠ 4‬‬
‫ا ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪g n (x) = nx + 2ln(x) :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ g n‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪IR‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2 nx + 2‬‬
‫= ‪. g n (x) = n +‬‬
‫'‬
‫‪ ( 1‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ g n‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ IR +‬و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪nx + 2‬‬
‫‪∀x ∈ IR *+ :‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫)‪∀x ∈ IR *+ : h(x‬‬ ‫)‪ 2 − 2ln(2‬ﻓﻐﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﺪول ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ‪0 :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎأن ‪0 :‬‬ ‫و ∞‪lim g n (x) = −‬‬ ‫∞‪lim g (x) = +‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x → 0+‬‬ ‫‪x →+∞ n‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إذن ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. g n‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪∀x ∈ IR *+ : x‬‬ ‫)‪ln(x‬‬ ‫و هﺬا ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ أ ن ‪:‬‬

‫‪f (x) = x.e‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬
‫‪ ( I‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞‪ [ 0,+‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫⎤ ‪⎡1 1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪n. ⎢ ,‬‬ ‫‪ ( 3‬أ ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ g n‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ و ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎥‬
‫‪ ( 1‬اﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪: 0‬‬ ‫⎦ ‪⎣n n‬‬
‫)‪f (x) − f (0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪x.e − x‬‬ ‫‪e− x‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪= lim‬‬ ‫∞‪= lim 3 2 = +‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪g n ⎜ ⎟ = 1 + 2ln ⎜ ⎟ = 1 − 2ln(n‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x → 0+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝n‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝n‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪n ≥ 3 ⇒ ln(n) ≥ ln(3) ≥ 1 ⇒ 1 − 2ln(n) ≤ 1 − 2ln(3) ≤ −1 ≤ 0 :‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 0‬و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﺎهﺎ )‪ (C‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺎس ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ‪. g n ⎜ ⎟ ≺ 0 :‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝n‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪ lim f (x) = lim‬و ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ )‪ (C‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻻﻓﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرب‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫‪ex‬‬
‫‪ ( 2‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪= 0 :‬‬ ‫‪⎛ 1 ⎞ n‬‬
‫⎜ ‪gn‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝ n‬‬
‫⎟‬ ‫=‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2ln‬‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛ 1‬‬
‫⎜‬
‫⎠‪⎝ n‬‬
‫) (‬
‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⎟ = n − 2ln n :‬‬
‫أﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺠﻮار ∞‪. +‬‬
‫‪ ( 3‬أ ‪ -‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ [∞‪]0,+‬‬ ‫⎞ ‪⎛ 1‬‬
‫⎜ ‪. gn‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝ n‬‬
‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪⎟ 0 :‬‬ ‫‪n 2ln n‬‬ ‫) (‬‫و ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ ( 2‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن ‪:‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪⎞ ⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎞‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⎞ ‪⎛ 1 − 3x‬‬
‫⎜ = ‪f '(x) = ⎜ x .e − x ⎟ ' = ⎜ − 1⎟ x e − x‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪⎟ f (x‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫⎞ ‪⎛ 1‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎠ ⎝ 3x‬‬ ‫⎠ ‪⎝ 3x‬‬ ‫⎜ ‪o gn‬‬ ‫إذن ‪⎟ × g n ⎜ ⎟ ≺ 0 :‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺸﻘﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ‪:‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝ n‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝n‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ n‬و ‪ o‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺒﺮهﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ أ ن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪ g n (x) = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻞ وﺣﻴﺪ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫≺ ‪≺ αn‬‬ ‫‪ α n‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ‪. n ≥ 3‬‬ ‫≺ ‪≺ αn‬‬ ‫ب – ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪:‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ lim = lim‬ﻓﺈن ‪. lim α n = 0 :‬‬ ‫و ﺑﻤﺎأ ن ‪= 0 :‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫‪n x →+∞ n‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ ( 4‬اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ )‪: (C‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫≤ )‪( ∀x ∈ I ) : f '(x‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أ ن ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫⎞ ‪1 − 3x‬‬
‫⎜⎛ = )‪( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) : f '(x‬‬ ‫)‪⎟ .f (x‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ) *(‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ 3x‬‬
‫⎞ ‪1 − 3x‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫⎜⎛ = )‪( ∀x ∈ I ) : f '(x‬‬ ‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ I ⊂ ]0, +∞[ :‬ﻓﺈن ‪⎟ .f (x) :‬‬
‫⎠ ‪⎝ 3x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 − 3x 2‬‬
‫و ‪ ( ∀x ∈ I ): f (x) ≤ 1‬ﻷن ‪f ( I ) ⊂ I‬‬ ‫⇔‪≤ x ≤1‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪≤ :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3x‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن ‪( ∀x ∈ I ): f '(x) ≤ :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أ ن ‪ x 0 ) ⇔ x = α 3 :‬و ‪ ( f (x) = x‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ α 3‬هﻮﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
‫‪g 3 (x) = 0‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ x 0 ) :‬و ‪x.e −3x = x 3 ⇔ 3 x.e − x = x ⇔ ( f (x) = x‬‬
‫و ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2ln(x) + 3x = 0 :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ g 3 (x) = 0 :‬و هﺬا ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ أ ن ‪x = α 3 :‬‬
‫⎧‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ ( 1‬أ ‪ -‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أ ن ‪. f ( I ) ⊂ I :‬‬
‫= ‪⎪u 0‬‬
‫⎨‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪ ( 2‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (u n‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛1‬‬
‫)‪. ( 1 ≺ e ≺ 3‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ f ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 0.5 ∈ I :‬و ‪f (1) = ∈ I‬‬
‫) ‪⎪( ∀n ∈ IN ): u n +1 = f (u n‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝3‬‬
‫⎩‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ) : u‬‬ ‫أ – ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻊ أ ن ‪∈ I :‬‬ ‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ f‬ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ I‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎل و ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫⎡‬ ‫⎤ ‪⎛ 1 ⎞⎤ ⎡ 1‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪. u 0 ∈ I :‬‬ ‫⎥‪f ( I ) = ⎢f (1) ,f ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⊂ ⎢ ,1‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫⎣‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫⎠‬ ‫⎦‬ ‫⎣‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫⎦‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺘﺮض أ ن ‪. u n ∈ I :‬‬
‫⎧‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ أ ن ‪ f ( I ) ⊂ I :‬ﻓﺈ ن ‪ f ( u n ) ⊂ I :‬و ﻣﻨﻪ‪. u n +1 ∈ I :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪⎪ u1‬‬ ‫‪− α3 ≤ u0 − α3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪⎪ u‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪− α 3 ≤ u1 − α 3‬‬
‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ) : u‬‬ ‫‪∈I‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪ 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ج ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪⎪ u‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪− α3 ≤ u2 − α3‬‬
‫ب ‪ -‬ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ أ ن ‪( ∀n ∈ IN ) : u n +1 − α3 ≤ u n − α 3 :‬‬
‫‪⎨ 3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪⎪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ n‬ﻣﻦ ‪ IN‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ f‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪[inf(u n , α3 );sup(u n , α3 )] :‬‬
‫‪⎪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺒﺮهﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪⎪⎩ u n‬‬ ‫≤ ‪− α3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪u n −1 − α 3‬‬ ‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ):∃cn ∈ ]inf(u n , α3 );sup(u n , α 3 )[ /‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫) ‪f (u n ) − f (α 3 ) = f '(c n )(u n − α 3‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛2‬‬ ‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ):∃cn ∈ ]inf(u n , α 3 );sup(u n , α3 )[ /‬‬
‫ﺑﻀﺮب اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺎت ﻃﺮﻓﺎ ﻃﺮف ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪u n − α 3 ≤ ⎜ ⎟ u 0 − α 3 :‬‬ ‫و هﺬا ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ أ ن ‪:‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝3‬‬ ‫) ‪f (u n ) − f (α 3 ) = f '(c n ) × (u n − α 3‬‬
‫‪1 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪3 3‬‬
‫≺ ‪ ≺ α 3‬ﻓﺈن ‪+ ≺ u 0 − α 3 ≺ 0 :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ u 0 = :‬و‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ) ]inf(u‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أ ن ‪, α 3 );sup(u n , α 3 )[ ⊂ I :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫≺ ‪u 0 − α3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫و هﺬ ا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أ ن ‪:‬‬ ‫≤ )‪( ∀x ∈ I ) : f '(x‬‬ ‫و ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ آﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺒﻖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ): c‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫ﻓﺈ ن ‪∈ I :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ): f '(c‬‬
‫‪n +1‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛2‬‬ ‫≤)‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫⎟ ⎜ ≤ ‪( ∀n ∈ IN ): u n − α3‬‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ آﺬﻟﻚ أ ن ﻧﺒﺮهﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫) ‪( ∀n ∈ IN‬‬ ‫) ‪f (u n ) − f (α 3 ) ≤ × (u n − α 3‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن ‪:‬‬
‫‪n +1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫⎞‪⎛2‬‬
‫‪( ∀n ∈ IN ): u‬‬ ‫⎟ ⎜ ≤ ‪− α3‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪. ( ∀n ∈ IN ): u n +1 − α 3 ≤ u n − α 3‬‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫⎠‪⎝3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪lim u n = α 3‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن ‪ lim u n − α 3 = 0 :‬و هﺬ ا ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ أ ن ‪:‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ ( u n‬ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ و ﺗﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ‪. α 3‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪⎡4‬‬ ‫⎡‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪∀x ∈ ⎢ ln(2), +∞ ⎢ : 16e − 1 ≤ 0 :‬‬ ‫‪−7 x‬‬ ‫‪8x‬‬
‫‪ ( III‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ F‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪ [ 0,+‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪F(x) = ∫ f (t).dt :‬‬
‫‪⎣7‬‬ ‫⎣‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪ ( 1‬أ – ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ )‪ t → f (t‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪ [ 0,+‬إذن ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ داﻟﺔ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪⎡ 4‬‬ ‫⎤‬
‫‪∀x ∈ ⎢ 0, ln(2) ⎥ : 16e − 1 ≥ 0‬‬ ‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫و‬ ‫‪8x‬‬
‫‪⎣ 7‬‬ ‫⎦‬ ‫‪ F0‬إ ذن ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ x‬ﻣﻦ [∞‪ [ 0,+‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ )‪F(x) = ∫ f (t).dt =F0 (8x) − F0 (x‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪⎡4‬‬ ‫⎡‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ )‪ x → F0 (x‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪. [ 0,+‬‬

‫و‬
‫‪⎢⎣ 7‬‬ ‫‪ln(2),‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إذن أن ‪ :‬اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ F‬ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ⎣⎢‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ F0 (x) x → 8x‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪ IR‬إذن اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ )‪x → F0 (8x‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪[ 0,+‬‬
‫‪⎡ 4‬‬ ‫⎤‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ )‪ x → F0 (8x) − F0 (x‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪. [ 0,+‬‬
‫ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل )‪. 0, ln(2‬‬
‫‪⎢⎣ 7‬‬ ‫⎦⎥‬ ‫ب – ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪: F‬‬
‫)‪F(x) = [ F (x) ] = F (8x) − F (x‬‬
‫‪8x‬‬
‫‪ ( 2‬أ – اﻧﺒﻴﻦ أ ن ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( ∀x ∈ IR ) :0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2f (x)(1 − e‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−7 x‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫داﻟﺔ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪x ∈ IR‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪F'(x) = ( F (8x) ) '− F (x) = 8f (8x) − f (x‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫'‬
‫إذن‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ 0 ≤ x ≤ t ≤ 8x :‬ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ t ≤ 8x :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0 ≤ t.e ≤ 8x.e‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬ ‫)‪= 8 8x.e − x.e = x.e (16.e − 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−8 x‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬ ‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫‪8x‬‬ ‫‪8x‬‬ ‫‪. (16.e‬‬ ‫إذ ن إﺷﺎرة '‪ F‬هﻲ إﺷﺎرة )‪− 1‬‬‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ ∫ t.e .dt ≤ ∫ 8x.e .dt :‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪− 1 = 0 ⇔ x = ln(2) :‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪. 16e‬‬
‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫‪8x‬‬ ‫‪8x‬‬
‫‪0 ≤ ∫ t.e .dt ≤ 8x. ∫ e .dt‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2 x.(−e + e ) :‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−8 x‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2 x.e (1 − e ) :‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−x‬‬ ‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫*‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪( ∀x ∈ IR ) :0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2f (x)(1 − e ) :‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫ب ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪lim 2f (x)(1 − e ) = 0 :‬‬

‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫‪−7 x‬‬
‫و ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ * ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن ‪. lim F(x) = 0 :‬‬

‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫ج – ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. F‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا: ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ cherifalix@yahoo.fr تﺎﺴﻴﻤﺨﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻧ تﺎﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟا ةدﺎﻤﻟ ﻲﻨﻃﻮﻟا نﺎﺤﺘﻣﻻا ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳ ةرود 2006 ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟا م ﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﺒﻌﺷ) ب و أ (

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ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا: ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ cherifalix@yahoo.fr تﺎﺴﻴﻤﺨﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻧ تﺎﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟا ةدﺎﻤﻟ ﻲﻨﻃﻮﻟا نﺎﺤﺘﻣﻻا ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳ ةرود 2006 ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟا م ﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﺒﻌﺷ) ب و أ (

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‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮ م اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ) أ و ب(‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت‬

‫⎞ ‪⎛1 0⎞ ⎛1 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0‬‬ ‫ا ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻷول ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ (a, b) ∈ IR × IR *+ :‬و ‪. (c,d) ∈ IR × IR *+‬‬ ‫‪b b‬‬ ‫‪⎜−‬‬

‫‪ . p G‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ‪ n‬و ‪ o‬و ‪ p‬أ ن )× ‪ (G,‬زﻣﺮة ‪.‬‬

‫‪na‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻦ إذن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻊ أن ‪⎟ :‬‬

‫ج ‪ -‬ﻧﻔﺘﺮض أن ‪ a = 1 :‬ﺑﻤﺎ أ ن ‪ b = 1 :‬ﻓﺈ ﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ * ‪a 2 (a + b) = 0 :‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ϕ(A) = (a,1) :‬‬

‫د ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ a − 1 = (a + 1) − 2 :‬و )‪ (a − 1) /(a + 1‬إ ذن ‪a − 1/ 2 :‬‬ ‫⎞‪⎛ 1 0‬‬

‫)‪(x, y) = (12 × 2,12 × 1) = (24,12‬‬ ‫إذن ‪:‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝ b b‬‬

‫⎩‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪(x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬

‫‪ ( 1 ( II‬ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪. P(z) = 4 − 6i :‬‬ ‫‪ ( 4‬إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ )‪: (H‬‬

‫إذن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪ z1 = 1 + (3 + 2)i = 1 + 5i : C‬و ‪z 2 = 1 + i‬‬

‫‪= 956 − 4i = 4(239 − i) = 4w‬‬

‫]‪arg ( w ) = −β [ 2π‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إذن ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. g n‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪∀x ∈ IR *+ : x‬‬ ‫)‪ln(x‬‬ ‫و هﺬا ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ أ ن ‪:‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ ( 4‬اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ )‪: (C‬‬

‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ ( u n‬ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ و ﺗﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ‪. α 3‬‬

‫‪⎡4‬‬ ‫⎡‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ )‪ x → F0 (x‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪. [ 0,+‬‬

‫داﻟﺔ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. f‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫)‪F'(x) = ( F (8x) ) '− F (x) = 8f (8x) − f (x‬‬

‫‪0 ≤ t.e ≤ 8x.e‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪−t‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ ∫ t.e .dt ≤ ∫ 8x.e .dt :‬‬

‫‪0 ≤ ∫ t.e .dt ≤ 8x. ∫ e .dt‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2 x.(−e + e ) :‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2 x.e (1 − e ) :‬‬

‫*‬ ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪( ∀x ∈ IR ) :0 ≤ F(x) ≤ 2f (x)(1 − e ) :‬‬

‫ب ‪ -‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪lim 2f (x)(1 − e ) = 0 :‬‬

‫و ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ * ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أ ن ‪. lim F(x) = 0 :‬‬

‫ج – ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪. F‬‬

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‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ (a, b) ∈ IR × IR + :‬و ‪. (c,d) ∈ IR × IR +‬‬ ‫‪b b‬‬ ‫‪⎜−‬‬