Egypt Henry

Name________________________________________

Date_______

Genomes, Chromosomes, and DNA Web Quest

Topic: Genomes and Chromosomes
Go to: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/hgp/genome
1. What is a genome?
An organisms complete set of DNA

2. On the left hand side, click on cells and DNA. Explore this site to answer the
following questions:
a. What is a chromosome?
A DNA molecule tightly coiled around proteins (histones)
that support its structure.

b. When are chromosomes visible?

During cell division
c. What is a centromere?
The construction point of a chromosome which divides into
two sections.
d. How many chromosomes do people have?
Each cell normally contains 23 pairs or a total of 46.

Go to: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/karyotype/
3. What is a karyotype?
an organized profile of a person's chromosomes

Modeling Instruction AMTA 2012

Unit 6 Growth and Reproduction

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4. Match the chromosomes to complete the karyotype (turn on hints for help). Is the
karyotype from a male or female? How do you know?
I think its a male because some of the pairs look similar to the
xy example at the bottom.
5. Predict what would happen if a person has the incorrect number of
chromosomes. Write your prediction here.
I predict that they can have a genetic disorder or a mutation.
6. Do a quick google search to find the answer to question 5.

As a class you determined that chromosomes must be duplicated before the cell can
divide. This process is called DNA Replication.

Topic: DNA Replication

Go to: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/shockwave.html
Click: DNA replication (upper left) and then click unzip Read the script, answer the
questions below, and then, click OK.
1.

In a real cell, what does the DNA molecule do before it unzips?

Before it unzips it unwinds from the protein and untwist itself.

2.

What molecules break the rungs (bases) apart?

Enzymes and special types of proteins.

Drag the correct bases over to synthesize the new DNA halves.
Read script, answer questions, and then click OK.
3.

How many base pairs are in the real human genome?

Modeling Instruction AMTA 2012

Unit 6 Growth and Reproduction

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3 billion which reside in the 23 pairs of chromosomes.

https://www.genome.gov/11006943/

Go to: http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/
Click on Play DNA Game; Click next and reading each page, continue to click next
until you come to the game.; Click on organism #1 and match the base pairs as fast as
you can! It is hard.
Click Next and then click on each organism until you identify the one that belongs to
chromosome #1; continue playing the game with the other two chromosomes, filling in
the chart below.
Be careful, other teams may get different results.
Chromosome #
1

How many
chromosomes?
20

14

16

How many
base pairs?
2500 Mil.

How many
genes?
22000

22.7 Mil.

5300

11.7 Mill.

6300

What is the
organism?
House
Mouse
Malaria
Parasite
Bakers
Yeast

Topic: Mutations
Go to: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/mutations_03
Read the information and fill out the table below:
Type of mutation
Substitution

Description

Effect on resulting protein

a mutation that exchanges one base

Change a codon to one that encodes a

Modeling Instruction AMTA 2012

Unit 6 Growth and Reproduction

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for another (i.e., a change in a single
"chemical letter" such as switching
an A to a G).

Insertion

Deletion

Frameshift

Mutations in which extra base

pairs are inserted into a new
place in the DNA.
Mutations in which a section
of DNA is lost, or deleted.

Can alter a gene so that its

message is no longer
correctly parsed.

Modeling Instruction AMTA 2012

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different amino acid and cause a small

change in the protein produced. For
example, sickle cell anemia is caused
by
a
substitution
in
the
betahemoglobin gene, which alters a single
amino acid in the protein produced.

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Unit 6 Growth and Reproduction