1. A 5.00-mL sample of blood was treated with trichloroacetic acid to precipitated proteins.

After centrifugation, the resulting solution was brought to pH 3 and extracted with two
5-mL portions of methyl isobutyl ketone containing the lead-complexing agent APCD.
The extract was aspirated directly into an air/acetylene flame and yielded an absorbance
of 0.502 at 283.3 nm. Five-mL aliquots of standard solutions containing 0.400 and
0.600ppm of lead were treated in the same way and yielded absorbances of 0.396 and
0.599. Find the concentration of lead in the sample in ppm assuming that Beers law is
followed.
2. The copper in an aqueous sample was determined by AAS. First, 10.0 mL of the
unknown were pipetted into each of five 50.0-mL volumetric flasks. Various volumes of a
strandard containing 12.2 ppm Cu were added to the flasks, and the solutions were then
diluted to volume.
Unknown, mL
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

Standard, mL
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

Absorbance
0.201
0.292
0.378
0.467
0.554

(a). Plot absorbance as a function of volume of standard.

(b). Derive an expression relating absorbance to the concentrations of the standards and
unknowns (Cs and Cx) and to the volumes of the standards and unknown (V s and Vx), as
well as to the volume to which the solutions were diluted (Vt).
(c). Derive expressions for the slope and the intercept of the straight line obtained in (a)
in terms of the variables listed in (b).
bCs
(d). Show that the concentration of the analyte is given by the relationship C x = mVx ,
where m and b are the slope and the intercept of the straight line in (a).
(e). Determine values for m and b by the method of least squares.
(f). Calculate the standard deviation for the slope and intercept in (e).
(g). Calculate the copper concentration in ppm Cu in the sample using the relationship
given in (d).