2 x Kes michigan proficiency Ce Mary Stephens with Jain Cook RANearest and dearest Grammar Mixed tenses (present and past forms) BP Event or state? Choose the correct form of the verb. 1A: ‘You know the homemade wine Clare gave you? What was it like? B: ‘Quite nice. It sasted/was tasting of strawberries.” Moira has/is having her hair cut ready for the wedding tomorrow. A: ‘Hello Sam! Long time, no see! B: ‘Paul! Lust thought/vas just thinking about you! 4A: Why’s little Harry making such a fuss about eating his dinner?” B: ‘Oh, take no notice of him. He's just/s just being difficult today. We have/are having a few friends round to celebrate my 21" birthday. 6 I know you want to go into medicine but I really feel/m really feeling it’s not the right field for you. 7 Are you wanting/Do you want to come to the lecture on Family Relationships tonight? 8 Lam imagining/imagine you're really tired after your journey. 1D sentence order. Match the beginnings of the sentences 1-8 with the correct endings a-h. 1 Pd only been working in my new office job for a week a) as she recounted all the adventures she'd had. b) and were both feeling rather ata loss ©) when I met Katie 3. Neither of us knew any of the q) she'd already backpacked alll other guests alone round Africa and Asia. 4 We chatted for a bit ©) that my neighbor was giving to celebrate his divorce. Pd made up my mind ~ I was going travel the world as, We were thrown together at a party 5 Burit wasn't until Imet her ap second time 6 Although she was only 22, well! g) and exchanged telephone ght after night she kept me numbers. spellbound hy that I realized how amazing she was! 8 By the time she'd finished, (MB UNIT 1 EE spot the mistake. Find and tick the two correct sentences. Then correct the others. | By the time the police arrived, the burglar made off with some of my most treasured possessions 2. Jane’s been living here since her parents have chucked her out of the house 3. Last summer, I was swimming every day. 4 ve been knowing Gary since Iwas a kid, 5 Before she picked up the phone, she took a deep breath 6 Once I've finished work, I went round to Lisa’s house to find out what was going on, 7 Last year, Neil was spending a few weeks working part-time in a restaurant. 8 As soon as Katy heard the news, she ran round to Tina’s house. (Bl Mixed past tenses. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. 1 Nick and I (1) sss (be) friends since the first day We (2) sumo (start) at elementary school together. 2. He (8) sew (arrive) at the restaurant just as his friends (4) «nu (leave). 3-165) smunun (think) about you all the time recently. 4 She (6) nw (go) to phone you earlier this evening but she (7) forget) 5 In the end, I (8) wnunu (agree) 10 go to the cinema with John, but only because he (9) smn (nag) me all week, 6 Elaine turned out to be much nicer than 1 (10) ....« (originally/expect) 7 WC) (snow) all night and the pavements were quite slippery when 12) (set off) for Ryan’s house.Grammar 1 ‘Will Rebecca help with the Christmas party?” Wel, ... other years so I'm sure she will this year, too. a, she’s been helping b. she was helping . she’s helped di she'd helped 2 Sarah blushes easily, ... she is always getting blamed for things she hasn't done. a. this means . that means . what means d. which means 3 ‘Are flights with this company often delayed?” ‘No, they ... on schedule.” a. are usually leaving b. usually left ¢. usually leave di have usually left 4 Iwish I had someone of my own age ... I could ‘trust, a. in whom b. which . in which with whom 5 Alana ... halfway to the shops when she realized she'd left her purse at home. a, had been getting 1, was getting has got had got 6 ‘You and Terry seem to be good mates.” ‘Well, I... him all my life” a. know 1b, knew have known d. have been knowing 7 ‘Pd like to see Richard? “Pm afraid he ... early today.’ a. left B. has left cc. was left had left 8 ‘Haven't you finished that crossword yet?” ‘No, and... itall morning? a. did 1b, have been doing . have done . was doing 9. Before you bought me that curry on Friday, 1 Indian food. a, Never tasted B. was never tasting c. had never tasted d. have never been tasting 10 Sarah ... to solve that problem for hours but she hasn't worked it out yet. ‘a. has tried 1b, was trying ¢. had been trying d. has been trying 11... her age, my grandmother still goes out horse-riding every day. a. Unless b. Despite ¢. Although @. Until 12. 4 phoned you last night but you weren't in’ ‘Oh, I... a neighbor. a. had visited b. had been visiting ¢. have visited was visiting 13.1... some friends round for dinner tonight. a. have b. am having . will have had 14 ‘Tenjoy a good night out at the theater.” ‘So ... my sister!” ais b. did c. does i. has 15. I... write to my parents last night but | didn’t get the chance, a. went to », was going to . had gone to had been going to 16 ‘Do you like living in England” “Yes, but I'm still not used to ... on the left” a. drive . driving . to drive have to drive 17 ‘Haven't you met Pete?” ‘'No, can you decsribe ...?” a. me him b. to me him ce. him me UNIT 1 SEESVocabulary ‘a phrase from the box. ata push black and blue by leaps and bounds high and low offthe record out of the blue through thick and thin under a cloud 1 ‘Do you know who's been appointed to the job? ‘Well it's not official yet but, i’ you promise not to print it, 1 can tell you that it’s Tom Smith” 2 ‘Tcan't understand why you haven't divorced Jim before now! ‘Well, when you marry someone you agree to stick together daring the good times and the bad.’ 3 ‘Can you take Sam to the disco with you” “Well, I suppose we could squeeze one more person in the car, if the situation is desperate.” 4 ‘Haven't you found my ring?” ‘No, we've looked everywhere but we can't find it.” 5 ‘How’s Oliver doing at school?” ‘He's coming on extremely well?” 6 ‘Is Stephen suspected of stealing the money?” “Yes. The police haven't taken any action but he’s been under suspicion for weeks now. 7 ‘Didn't you expect the news?” 'No, it came quite unexpectedly’ 8 ‘Lunderstand you fell off the back of Jack’s motorbike” ‘Yes, and I'm bruised all over!” ‘22 Common expressions and collocations. Underline the correct word in italics. 1 When Ben learnt that Amy had gone on a date with someone else, the fresparksflames flew: 2 Well our holidays are over but we certainly did/made/had a ball, didn’t we? 3 Sally didn’t see her boyfriend kissing Kate but it was a close event/thing/race. 4 Jenny told me she used to date my boyfriend before and it’s ‘made/begun/got me thinking. I'm going to throw/make/do a New Year’s Eve party for all my friends, 6 really Tike George but things are starting to be/go/get wrong between us, 7 Lwant to leave home and extend/open/spread my wings. 8 John acted rather stupidly but I suppose we should make/take/ do allowances for his age. 9 Why don't you put/make/pull yourself together and act your age? 10. Twas quite pulled/taken/brought aback by the way Jack spoke to me. MO UNIT 1 123! Phrasal verbs. Circle the correct answer, a or b. 1 Ican't ... what you're saying ~ can ‘you speak up please? a, make up 'b, make out 2 ve... with all the friends | made at school and we still meet regularly. a. kept on kept up 3. Shelly and Emma used to be good friends until they ... on the subject of boyfriends a. fell out ». fell down 4 They had a terrible quarrel but they soon a, made up b. made out 5 As soon as they got engaged, we finding them an apartment. a. set up b. set about 6 It took him a long time to ... his broken romance. a. get over b. get through 7 Tm going to ... the family business when my dad retires. a. take up b. take over 8 Do you realise how much you your mother? a take after b. cake off 9 arranged to meet Tom on the beach but he didn’t a.turn in b. farm up 10 After five years of marriage, they've decided 10 a. break out b. break up 11. Promise me you'll never ... the subject again, a. bring in b. bring up 12. His parents ... her because she’s so poor. a. look down on b, look down toVocabulary Diana and I met at elementary school and we've .. Our friendship ever since. a. kept to b. carried over kept up. taken on The tiger silently ... its prey through the tangle of trees at the edge of the forest. a. prowled b. stalked crept . lurked Paul was in the ... of despair when he heard that Jane was leaving him. a. abyss b. depths ¢. valley . pits Tve been trying to explain things to Jackie but it’s, like hitting your head against a ... wall, a. brick b. stone hard rock ‘What Susie told me last night a. began b. got ¢. made d. prompted me thinking. Steve has done really well in life, he had. a. estimating b. regarding . considering 4. remarking the poor start The depletion of the rain forests has dectine in the number of species there, a. led 1b resulted ©. got 4. attributed toa ‘The results of the experiment were studied with interest by the scientists a. sharp 6. firm cutter keen 10 u 12 13, 14 15 16 7 Shining her torch, Maria could just figure crouched behind a tree. a. work out b. make out c. put out . draw out a shadowy With a sigh, Paul ... himself that he was visiting the city for the very last time, a. reminisced b, remembered . reminded recalled Ella is ... of sitting still for two minutes together. a. unwilling b. unable . incapable d. disable I don’t get on with my brother but I'm extremely of my sisters. a. fond b. attached ©. close d. affectionate I managed to slip into the house without Mum hearing me but it was a... thing, a. fine b. narrow c. close . just My neighbor's music was couldn’t get a wink of sleep. a. pouring . blaring «. blazing d. roaring out so loudly T Sorry I couldn’t ring you yesterday but my phone is on the a. blink b, wink © 90 dirun 1... you are sorry for what you've done? a. assume b. presume . imply a. infer Stop ... me! I'l get it done in timel ‘a interfering , malingering . tampering @ harassing UNIT 1Cloze When you tackle a cloze passage you need to: a) work at text level: ‘Exam Strategy Read through the whole text and think about its meaning before you start to fill in any gaps. You may have to fill gaps. | with, for example, reference wards (e.g. it this, they etc.) pronouns, or linking | words (eg. although, despite, thus etc). You can only do this correctly if you have followed the writer's train of ‘thought throughout the passage. b) work at sentence level: | Exam Strategy * Work through the text, sentence by sentence. * Read each individual sentence through at least twice before you fill in the gaps. ‘+ Try to identify which part of speech is missing (a noun? an adjective? a ‘verb? an adverb? a preposition? a conjunction’). * Pay particular attention to the swords direct before and after each sap and look out for clues such as dependent prepositions and collocations. ‘+ Look out for phrasal verbs or fixed expressions, 42 UNIT 1 _ Pre dase. 1 Read through the text below quite quickly. What irony described in the text? What fact does it illustrate? Mini text 1 © Fill each of the gaps with a word from the list given below the text. You will need to keep the whole text in mind when you choose your answers. A while ago, a newspaper printed a story about a girl who was overheard on the street saying to her father, ‘Daddy, Daddy, please don't sing!” The daddy was top singer, Billy Joel. (1). irony, of course, is that a lt of people would pay big money to hear Billy Joel sing. (2)... To (3) ‘thing all parents do to (4)... teenage children: cringe factor ten. Nothing in the world is more embarrassing to a teenager than a those people are not his offspring. daughter, Billy Joel apparently represents the same parent. 1 aAn b. His ©. The . Any 2 aAnd —— b,Although —_¢. Additionally d. However 3 atheir — b. his cour her 4 ahis b. our their her Mini text 2 1) Read through the whole of this passage first. 2. Look very carefully at the words that come directly before and after each gap. Then fill the gaps. Bing your oi best rend may be the mast efectve way {0}. boost your selt-confidence. Think 2)... someone you know. whom you ke, respect and want the (3). for Now look (4) .. the mirror and have the same relationship ©)... the person you see. 1 aor b.to chow thar 2 aa b. of cover dup 3 a.agood b. optimum —_¢. better d. best 4 athrough bin eto d. for 5 a for bat c. by . withE. /Bats are the least anthropomorphized of creatures. Disney brought us a smiley mouse and TS Eliot his humanized cats. But where are the cute bats, bats that don’t suck blood or (1)... tangled in people's hair and don't embody the Gothic horrors of the night? Bats (2)... whom we can identify. Philosopher Thomas Nagel (3)... up our attitude when he wrote, ‘Anyone who has spent time in an enclosed space with an excited bat knows what (4)... is to encounter a fundamentally alien form of (6)... Yet the photographer Tim Flach has published photographs which make you wonder (6)... humans have been so unwilling to see (7)... own natures reflected in these mammals. Turn his portraits upside down and suddenly you see bats (8)... a new light. As they pose, they look oddly (9)... us. And indeed they (10)... . Bats breastfeed their young, can live for more than 30 years and have wings anatomically (11)... to the human hand. Like humans, many bats pair (12)... life and most (13)... only one offspring a year. (14)... a photo of an Australian fruit bat upside down and it (15)... appears to walk like a human, Cheryce Kramer, a cultural historian working with Flach on a book about how (16)... perceive bats, argues that it's (17) human qualities that make us react as we (18). “Those who have (19)... closely at bats have seen the anthropomorphic qualities. In the Linnean system of classifying life forms, bats (20)... grouped with primates and humans. The similarities are precisely why we find them so eerie’ Ex a fe am a.end b. get a. of bo a. added b. summarized ait b. there alive b. living how b. where a one’s b. his avat b. on a. like b. as a. have b. do a. equivalent b. compared avin b. for a. has b. having a. Make b. Do a even b. quite awe b. one a. your b. its a. did b. are a. studied b. observed abe b. can ego di land . with d.are epitomized @. summed, ©. this that . life d. alive cc. what @. why c. their d.its cin 4. through ©. similar d. how care d. can . similarly d. alike eto at through have had ¢. Operate . Take ever d. yet che there their d.do . investigated d. looked care have UNIT 1 43Reading Understanding the main idea of each paragraph in a text Exam Strategy ‘When you tackle a text in the exam, you need to understand che main ideas contained in each paragraph, Try to concentrate on key words. jgnore unfamiliar words wherever sible. Rete * Each paragraph will usually be bullt around one topic. * The topic may often be summarized in one key sentence in the paragraph, (often at the beginning or end), “| Read the text below and choose the options which best summarize each paragraph. Are traditional families vital to our way of life or are they a barrier to progress? Support for the traditional family implies that people place a high value on getting and staying married, that parents should place more importance on raising children than on pursuing their own careers, and that society should accord special respect to two-parent families rather than various ‘alternative lifestyles’ Those of a conservative persuasion argue that there has been a serious erosion of the traditional family since 1960. There are fewer marriages, fewer children, mote divorces, more single parents. In the light of such data, serious consequences follow. These include the rise of delinquency, the growth of incivility, the huge welfare burden. As sociologist David Popenoe sees it, we must work hard to reverse current trends. Government cannot be the solution; the US government spending on social programmes has soared fivefold since the 1960s yet the family has grown weaker and weaker. The alternative, he argues, is a cultural turnaround by which people will question and ultimately reject the recently popular ‘me-first’ view of our lives in favour of greater commitment to a spouse and children, On the other side of the debate, many sociologists argue that the recent changes in the family have mainly been for the good. As people's desire for choice, individuality, freedom ete. has grown, so has their desire for more control over their personal life. The traditional families desired by the traditionalists are described in too romantic and nostalgic terms. Families of the past often meant that wives were stuck with violent husbands and large families of children lived in abject poverty. Equality was minimal, as was choice. Instead of returning toa mythical past, a goal now is to achieve democracy in the personal sphere. Equality and choice become key features of modem families. Paragraph one a. Why traditional families are out of fashion. 'b. What we mean by traditional families. Paragraph wo a. The conservative viewpoint. b. The consequences of a breakdown in family life. Paragraph three a. Government attitudes b. The way ahead Paragraph four a. The alternative society. b. The mythical past. @4 UNIT 1Although relationships with parents determine in large measure our longer-term preferences, attitudes and values, during adolescence its often relationships with friends that cause most concern and which preoccupy the thoughts of young people as they grow up. In adolescence, friendships normally exist within the structure of peer relationships. In this larger social setting each adolescent has a particular role to play and 1s usually aware of their own status within the group. Close friendships are not independent of such status. Popular or successful youngsters stick together. Those who are ‘in’ do not mix as frequently with those on the periphery of ‘what is acceptable to the group. Whereas the standards and styles set by the peer group can set highly influential markers around acceptable and unacceptable behavior for young people, itis in individual friendships that young people find support and security, negotiate their emotional independence, exchange information, put beliefs and feelings into words and develop a new and different perspective of themselves. Young people are not alone in having problems with friendships, but the psycho-social issues that confront adolescents make it more certain that such difficulties are likely to be of concern to them. ‘Adolescents can be highly egocentric. They sometimes find it difficult to see other people's point of view and to interpret other people's behavior. They can be touchy and hypersensitive to rejection, and their social skill are, as yet, underdeveloped AAs the individual adolescent seeks to grow more independent of the family, peer groups and friends become important points of reference. They provide social contexts for shaping the day-to-day behavior of adolescents, and encourage conformity to norms and values. Despite much popular mythology about ‘the generation gap’, such standards are startlingly similar to parental values, though the similarities are masked by different youth styles or expressions. 1 Tcappears that, over the long term, our preferences 4. It seems that adolescents are not usually are mostly formed by a. self obsessed. a. our friends. Bb. oversensitive. b. our parents. , unsympathetic, ©. our peers. d. objective. 4. our partners. 5. The writer appears to think that ‘the gene During adolescence, boys and girls tend gap’ a. to stick to friends from the same social class. ‘a, is not as wide as people think. 'b, not to have close friendships with their peers. 'b, no longer exists. «. have friends of a similar status in the group. . is startlingly large. d, only to mix with close friends. di is just a myth, According to the text, a young person’s peer group usually gives them a. a sense of security. , emotional independence. ¢. guidelines as to their behavior. dd. general support. eration UNIT 1 (68Grammar Conditionals; wishes and preferences "SE. Conditionals. Match the beginnings of the sentences 1-8 with the correct endings a-h. If they offer me promotion, Peter will have his contract terminated A lot of people will be made redundant If | were offered the chance, I'd have taken a Master’s degree Twon't get the job ‘Tom says he'll stay on at school Clare might enjoy schoo! more a) if Pd realized what a difference it would have made to my career prospects, b) ifhe keeps taking days off without good reason, ©) Pd love to go and study in Europe. 4) unless the fortunes of the company improve soon. ©) Pil stay with the firm, 1) unless I sign a three-year contract. 9) if they changed the curriculum, h) as long as his parents are happy to finance his education, “J Spot the mistake. Find and tick the two correct sentences. Then correct the others. 1 wish I would be better at languages, 2 [wish I would speak Spanish. 3. [wish they changed the date of our next exam bur they won't 4 Lwish John didn't argue with the professor yesterday. 5. Lwish I could understand this instruction leaflet. 6 I wish the bus came! 7 Lwish she cold me what's wrong. Maybe I could help. 8 I wish I had more patience. 9 L wish you hurried up! We're going to be late. 10 I wish I would be a bit taller. 8¥e UNIT 2 TF! Preferences, Fill the gaps with no more than four words. 1 Pd rather. .. 80 much noise. I'm trying to work, you know! 2 Is high. to bed. After all, you've got an exam tomorrow. 3. Td prefer anyone what I've just told you. Just keep ita secret, will you? 4 ‘Do you mind if I change channels? ‘There's a program I want to watch.’ simenmmnnnn didn't right now.” 5 ‘Are you coming to the concert tonight?" ‘Well, I not to, if you don't mind. Can you give my ticket to someone else?” 6 Itwas nice of you to buy me a surprise present but TA cosnsnsnninonn CHOSEN What I wanted. 7 Wes high time .» some work. All you've done so far is gaze out the window. 8 {could stay late at school to do my homework but ra to. I's just as easy to do it at home. “Sentence rewriting. Rewrite each of these sentences using the word in brackets, so that the ‘meaning is similar to the original sentence. 1 I didn’t do well in my exams because I didn’t work hard. (i) 2. It annoys me that Sarah disagrees with me all the time. (wish) 3. Thad to stay late at school because | hadn't handed. in my composition on time. (if) 4. Pll have to work during the holidays won't lend me any money. (unless) my parents 5. I got into trouble with my head of department because I was late for her class. (i) 6 [don’t think this bus will ever come! (wish) 7 The reason I couldn't make it to school yesterday ‘was because my mother was sick. (if) 8. I's pity you're not coming back to school next semester, (wish)Grammar ‘Is Callum very sensitive?” “Yes, but I wish he ... 7 a. didn’t b. wouldn't be c. wasn’t di. hadn’t