LITERATURE STUDY

ON

RTHO HOSPITAL

SUBMITTED BY,
ISAAC
JEBADURAI.R

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ANTHROPOMETRY
AREA STRANDARDS
DESIGN & PLANNING
NORMS
01

HOSPITAL
THE ART DESIGNING & SCIENCE OF DESIGNING A HOSPITAL ANYWHERE
IS A COMPLEX AFFAIR. BEYOND TECHNIQAL REQUIREMENTS,THAT
MODERN MEDICINE DEMANDS AND RIGID FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUSTAINABLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS.
HIPOCRATES: INJUNCTION TO THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IS
BEING FIRST DO NOT HARM
THE DESIGNER HAS TO COPE WITH A HOST OF MORE
SUBJECTIVE ISSUE LIKE THE ANXIETY OF THE PATIENT, THE
STRESSFULL WORK ENVIRONMENT OF
THE STAFF AND THE NEED TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE AND
HEALTHY BUILDING

02

ANTHROPOMETRY
HUMAN

03

ANTHROPOMETRY
INSTRUMENTS

04

ANTHROPOMETRY
STAIRCASE / RAMP/ELEVATORS

05

ANTHROPOMETRY
CORRIDER

06

ANTHROPOMETRY
DOORS & FITTINGS

07

AREA STRANDARDS
AREA REQUIREMENTS
ADMINISTRATION : INCLUDES THE OWNERSHIP OF HOSPITAL &
DOCTORS

INPATIENT DEPARTMENT :

INPATIENTS SERVICE INCLUDES PATIENTS

WARD , NURSE WORKSTATIONS, THE WORK AREA ETC
PATIENCE WARD
NURSE WORKSTATION
THE WORK AREA

OUTPATIENTS DEPARTMENT :
PREFERABLY ON THE GROUND FLOOR
WITH A SEPARATE ENTRY & ADEQUATE PARKING.
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT : UNDER WHICH INTENSIVE CARE
UNIT & OPERATION THEATHRE COMES IN

08

AREA STRANDARDS
AREA REQUIREMENTS

INTENCIVE CARE UNIT

OPERATION THEATHRE,ETC..

RADIOLOGY & LABARATORY: INCLUDES XRAYS & CT SCAN ETC..

PHARMACY : MEDICAL STORES.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES

09

AREA STRANDARDS
SQUARE PER BED
Area

Sq .ft / bed

Nursing unit

250-280

Nursery

12-18

Delivery suite

15-20

Operation theatre

30-50

Physical medicine

12-18

Radiology

25-35

Laboratory

25-35

Pharmacy

4-6

CSSD

8-25

10

AREA STRANDARDS
Area

Sq .ft /
bed

House keeping

4-5

Laundry

12-18

Mechanical installation

50-75

Stores

25-35

Staff facilities

10-15

Administration

40-50

Total

567-751

Circulation

115-751

Total net area

682-891

11

DESIGN & PLANNING

OVERALL ZONING
ENTRY

EMERGENCY

ADMIN

OUTPATIENT
PHARMACY

DIAGNOSIS
INPATIENT

THIS IS THE OVERALL ZONNING OF A HOSPITAL WITH RESPECT TO

DEPARTMENTS.

12

DESIGN & PLANNING

OVERALL ZONING
THE PARKING FOR OUTPATIENT & INPATIENT CAN BE SEPARATED.
THE EMERGENCY ENTRY CAN BE USED TO ENTER EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT.
THE OUTPATIENTS SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR
TO DIAGNOSIS &
PHARMACY
TREAMENT.
THE PHARMACY SHOUD BE PLACED WITH EASY ACCESS FOR
OUTPATIENT & EMERGENCY.
THE WARD ON INPATIENT DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE MONITERED
EASILY

13

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
NURSE
WARD

WASH
OUTPAIENT
WORK AREA

WARD DESIGN :
KEY PROBLEM IN DESIGNING A EFFICIENT WARD SYSTEM IS:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSE ROOM & PATIENCE ROOM.
CONSIDERATION FOR WARD DEIGN ARE, WALK
DISTANCE, VENTILATION , LIGHTING,NOISE ETC

14

DESIGN & PLANNING

L.W

R.W

C.W

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

WARD DESIGN

BAD OBSERVATION

TYPES OF WARD DESIGN

LINEAR WARD
MANAGABLE OBSERVATION
RACE TRACK WARD
GOOD OBSERVATION
COURTYARD WARD
LINEAR WARD: (L.W)
DESIGNED IN A LINEAR FORM (20-30 BEDS)
RACETRACK WARD: (R.W)
CONTRAST TO LINEAR WARD SHARE NOT MORE THAN 4 BEDS
COURTYARD WARD :(C.W)
COURTYARD IN THE CENTRE.
THE AREA OF THE WARD DEPENDS ON THE NO OF BED.

15

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

NURSE STATION:
NURSE STATION SHOULD BE PALCED NEARER
WITH PROPER MONITERING OF THE PATIENTS. THE NURSE
STATION SHOULD ME10 -12 SQ.M DEPENDING ON THE
POSITION

16

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

NURSE STATION

SMALL PANTRY

TYPICAL LOCATION OF NURSE STATION BETWEEN

WARDS
THE CLEAN UTILITY ROOM & DIRTY UTILITY ROOM
ARE PLACED NEAR NURSE STATION.
TOILETS

17

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

TOILET :
THE NO OF TOILET REQUIRED IS
DEPEND UPON THE NO OF BED.
THE STRANDAD SIZE OF THE TOILET IS
SQ.M.
3-4
THE
TOILET FLOOR LEVEL SHOUD BE
DEPRESSED.
THE TOILET SHOULD BE HYGIENIC.
THE PATIENCE TOILET SHOULD BE SEPARATED
FROM NURSE TOILET
THE DUCT SHOULD BE PROVIDED
BETWEEN TWO TOILETS AS SHOWN,
FOR VENTILATION.

TOILET

TOILET

TOILET LOCATION

18

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS
ENTRY
OUTPATIENT

ADMIN
OUTPAIENT
DIAGNOSIS

CONSULTING SPACE

THE OUTPATIENT SHOULD BE PROVIDED SEPARATE

PARKING.
THE OUTPATIENTS ARE PATIENCE WHO VISIT
HOSPITAL FOR CONSULTING..AND THUS IT CONTAINS
CONSULTING SPACE.
THE OUTPATIENT ROOM SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR
THE DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT.

19

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS:
ENTR

X RAYS

THE X RAY SPACE SHOULDADMIN

BE DESIGNED
WITH MORE CARE .
OUTPAIENT
THE INTERIOR DESIGN
SHOULD BE THE
DIANOSIS
KEY TO PROTECT EMISSION OF RAYS
OUTSIDE .
THE LEAD IS USED TO PROTECT
CT SCAN
EMISSION OF RAYS THROUGH
WINDOW.
COMES
UNDER THE DIAGNOSIS, THE
CT SCAN IS PROVIDED WITH THE
CONTROLLER ROOM
CONTROLLER ROOM NOT MORE THAN
4 SQ.M

20

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
ENTRY
EMERGENCY

DOCTORS

INTENSIVE CAREUNIT
OUTPAIENT
DIAGNOSIS

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT.

OPERATION THEATHRE.
A SEPARATE EMERGENCY ENTRY SHOULD OPERATION
BE
THEATHRE
PROVIDED.
SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE GROUND FLOOR.
THE GLASS PANEL ARE USED IN ICU FOR
PROPER OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENCE

21

DESIGN & PLANNING

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
SHOULD PREFERABLY BE LOCATED ON THE
GROUND FLOOR WITH CONVENIENT ACCESS
FROM THE OPERATION THEATRE SUIT AND
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AND EASY
ACCESSIBILITY FOR WARDS.
IT CONSISTS PATIENT AREA, STAFF AREA,
SUPPORT AREA
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
FOUR BASIC REQUIREMENTS DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENT
BY NURSING AND MEDICAL STAFF
SURVEILLANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
PROVISION AND EFFICIENT USE OF
ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES AND INTERVENTIONS.
RECORDING AND MAINTENANCE OF
PATIENT INFORMATION

22

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
OPERATION THEATRE:
OPERATION THEATRES ARE PLACED NEAR ICU
UNIT. FOR EASY ACESS INCASE OF
EMERGENCY.
THE OPERATION THEATRE CONSISTS
SEPARATE PARTITION FOR ASNESTHETIC AREA,
WHERE PATIENTS ARE ANESTHIST.THE
SEPARATE DRESS CHANGING ROOMS FOR
DOCTORS ARE GIVEN..
PSYCHIATRIC UNIT
CONSULTATION AREA CONTAINING STAFF OFFICES FOR
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY CARE SESSIONS.
CONFERENCE THERAPY AREA FOR GROUP THERAPY
SESSION.
INPATIENT AREA FOR HOSPITALIZING PATIENTS
ACTIVITIES AREA FOR OCCUPATIONAL RECREATIONAL
THERAPY

23

DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
PHARMACY:

OUT PATIENT SHOULD HAVE READY ACCESS TO THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY TO

COLLECT PRESCRIPTION.
STAFF OF WARDS AND DEPARTMENT CAN ACCESS IT WITHOUT HAVING TO
TRAVEL A LONG DISTANCE THOROUGH OTHER CROWDED AREAS.
SUPPLIERS HAVE AN ACCESS TO IT FROM OUT SIDE
SPACE REQUIRED FOR DISPENSING COUNTER
CASH COUNTER
DRUGS STORAGE INCLUDING DRESSINGS
COOL AND COLD STORAGE
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
CIRCULATION SPACE

24

NORMS & REGULATIONS

MEANS OF ESCAPE
TRAVEL DISTANCE :

THE PATIENT MOVEMENTS INSIDE THE HOSPITAL IS CALCULATED

USING TRAVEL DISTANCE , THE SURTAIN NORMS TO BE
FOLLOWED ARE,MAXIMUM TARVEL DISTANCE BETWEEN WARDS
30M.

25

NORMS & REGULATIONS

MEANS OF ESCAPE
EXIT :

EXIT DOOR SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR

SLEEPING PATIENT ROOM FOR EASY EXIT.
THE EXIT CORRIDOR SHOULD NOT BE LESS
THAN 2M IN WIDTH.

26

NORMS & REGULATIONS

SANITARY REQUIREMENTS
Sl. No.

SANITARY UNIT

HOSPITALS WITH HOSPITALS WITH OUTDOOR PATIENT WARDS

INDOOR
PATIENT WARD

FOR MALES & FEMALES

For Males

For Females

1.

WATER CLOSET (W.C.)

ONE FOR EVERY 6 BEDS

OR PART THEREOF

ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR

PART THEREOF

TWO FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR

PART THEREOF

2.
3.

ABLUTION TAPS
WASH BASINS

ONE IN EACH W.C.

TWO UPTO 30 BED; ADD
ONE
FOR
EVERY
ADDITIONAL 30 BEDS; OR
PART THEREOF

One in EACH W.C.

ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR
PART THEREOF

ONE IN EACH W.C.

ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR
PART THEREOF.

4.

BATHS WITH SHOWER

ONE BATH WITH SHOWER

FOR EVERY 8 BEDS OR
PART THEREOF.

--

--

5.

BED PAN WASHING SINK

ONE FOR EACH WARD

--

6.

CLEANER SINKS

ONE FOR EACH WARD

7.

KITCHEN SINKS & DISH

WASHERS
(WHERE
KITCHEN IS PROVIDED)

ONE FOR EACH WARD

8.

URINALS

--

ONE PER FLOOR MINIMUM

ONE PER FLOOR MINIMUM

--

--

ONE FOR EVERY 50 PERSONS OR

PART THEREOF

--

27

NORMS & REGULATIONS

ELECTRICITY
1. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
220V FOR NORMAL CURRENT,
380V FOR HIGH CURRENT,
IN SURGICAL WINGS: - SAFETY ELECTRICAL SUPPLY: 1.20M ABOVE THE FLOOR
MINIMUM, - EXTRA ACCUMULATORS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND EMERGENCY
POWER SUPPLY,-HAVE TO WORK CONTINUALLY:
ONE OPERATING LAMP/CEILING FIXTURE IN EACH OPERATING ROOM FOR 3 HOURS
2. GAS INSTALLATION
MINIMUM, O DEVICES
TO MAINTAIN VITAL BODILY FUNCTIONS.
PUMPS FOR OXYGEN, NITROGEN, VACUUM AND PRESSURED
AIR HAVE TO BE INSTALLED IN DOUBLE.
OXYGEN: SUPPLYING WITH AIR STORED IN STEEL BOTTLES
OUT OF BATTERY WITH AN AUTOMATIC SWITCH.

28

NORMS & REGULATIONS

4. VENTILATION :
FILTERING, DILUTION AND EXTRACTION OF AIR,
RENEWAL: 15-20VOLUMES FOR ONE HOUR.
IT IS REQUIRED TO CONSULT SAFETY MEASURES FOR VENTILATION DUCTS .
ANY UNCONTROLLED AIR CURRENT CANT ENTER THE OPERATING ROOM BY: - A
HERMETICALLY SEALED CLOSURE OF THE ROOM 21
5.LIGHTING :

GENERAL SPACE REQUIRED - 100 E/LUX.

READING - 300 E/LUX.
PATIENTS& EXAMINATION -1000 E/LUX.
WAITING AREA -200E/LUX.
CORRIDOR -200E/LUX.
CAR PARKING -500E/LUX.
TOILET -200E/LUX.

29