1/30/2016

OtherSoilsofIndiaVajiramandRavi

Vajiram and Ravi (/)

Home (/)

Contact (/contact.html)

CSAT (/csat1.html)

Mains (/mains.html)

Interview (/interview.html)

Other Soils of India

RedandBlackSoils
TheredandblacksoilisfoundinisolatedpatchesinBundelkhand,andtotheeastofAravallisinRajasthanandGujarat.Theydeveloped
overthegranite,gneiss,andquartziteoftheArchaeanandPreCambrianperiod.Thesesoilsarerelativelylessproductive,butperform
wellunderirrigationconditions.Theyaredevotedtomaize,bajra,millets,pulses,andoilseeds.
GreyandBrownSoils
Thesesoilshavebeenformedbytheweatheringofgranite,gneiss,andquartzite.Theseareloosefriablesoils.Duetothepresenceof
ironoxide(haematiteandlimonite)thesesoilsvaryfromredtoblackandbrownincolour.ThesesoilsarefoundinRajasthanandGujarat.
SubmontaneSoils
ThesesoilsarefoundistheTarairegionofthesubmontanestretchingfromJammuandKashmirtoAssamintheformofanarrowbelt.
ThesesoilshavebeenformedbythedepositionoftheerodedmaterialfromtheShiwaliksandtheLesserHimalayas.Thesoilisfertileand
supportsluxuriantgrowthofforests.Theclearingofforestsforagriculturalpurposeshasmadethisareahighlysusceptibletosoilerosio.
SalineandAlkalineSoils
Thesalinesoilsarecharacterisedbythepresenceofsodiumchlorideandsodiumsulphate.Inthesesoils,thesalineandalkaline
efflorescenceappearsonthesurfaceasalayerofwhitesaltthroughcapillaryaction.Thesesoilsareknownbydifferentnamesindifferent
partsofthecountry.Theyarecalledasreh,kallar,usar,rakar,thur,karl,andchopan.ThesesoilsarefoundinRajasthan,Haryana,
Punjab,UttarPradesh,Bihar,andMaharashtra.
Texturally,thesesoilsvaryfromsandytosandyloam.Theyaredeficientinnitrogen,calciumandhaveverylowwaterbearingcapacity.
Thesesoilscanbereclaimedbyimprovingdrainage,byapplyinggypsumand/orlimeandbycultivatingsaltresistantcropslikebarseem,
dhaincha,andotherleguminouscrops.
PeatyandMarshySoils
Peatysoilsoriginateintheareasofheavyrainfallwhereadequatedrainageisnotavailable.Thesearegenerallysubmergedduringthe
rainyseasonandutilisedforthecultivationofrice.Thesesoilsarerichinorganicmatter,highlysaline,butdeficientinphosphateand
potash.ThesesoilsmainlyoccurinpartsofKottayamandAlappuzhadistrictsofKeralaandintheSundarbandelta.Theyarealsofoundin
thedeltasofMahanadi,Godavari,Krishna,Kaveri,andtheRannofKachchh.
.KarewaSoil
KarewasarethelacustrinedepositsintheValleyofKashmirandinBhadarwahValleyoftheDodaDistrictoftheJammuDivision.These
aretheflattoppedmoundsthatbordertheKashmirValleyonallsides.Theyarecomposedoffinesilt,clay,sand,andboulderygravel.
Theyarecharacterisedwithfossilsofmammalsandatplacesbypeat.Accordingtogeologists,duringthePleistocenePeriod,theentire
ValleyofKashmirwasunderwater.Subsequently,duetoendogeneticforces,theBaramullahGorgewascreatedandthelakewasdrained
throughthisgorge.Thedepositsleftintheprocessareknownaskarewas
AccordingtoMiddlemiss,thethicknessofkarewasisabout1400m.Infact,thekarewashavebeenelevated,dissectedandingreat
measureremovedbysubaerialdenudationaswellasbytheJhelumrivergivingthemthepresentposition.Thekarewasaremainly
devotedtothecultivationofsaffron,almond,walnut,appleandorchards.Thekarewas,devotedtosaffroncultivationarefetchinggood
incometothegrowers.ThekarewasofPalmpur,Pulwama,andKulgamarewellknownfortheirproductionofsuperiorqualityofsaffron.
Snowfields
Theareaundersnowandglaciersisabout4millionhectares.ThehighpeaksoftheGreaterHimalayas,Karakoram,Ladakh,andZaskar

http://www.vajiramandravi.in/othersoilsofindia.html

1/2

1/30/2016

OtherSoilsofIndiaVajiramandRavi
(Zanskar)arecoveredbyiceandglaciers.Thesoilsintheseareasisimmature,generallywithoutsoilerosion.Itremainsfrozenandis
unsuitableforthecultivationofcrops.

(http://www.histats.com)

http://www.vajiramandravi.in/othersoilsofindia.html

2/2