to attend (atnd)

to carry (kri)
to close (klus)
to drive (driv)
to find (find)
to go (gu)
to open (pen)
to play (pli)
to put (put)
to write (rit)
lean
come
dance
do
feel
get dressed
get ready
get up
have
have fun
listen to
look at
look for

asistir (academia)
llevar; acarrear
cerrar
conducir (un auto)
encontrar
ir
abrir
jugar; tocar (piano)
poner; colocar
escribir
cleaning
coming
dancing
doing
feeling
getting dressed
getting ready
getting up
having
having fun
listening to
looking at
looking for

to rain (rin)
to run (rn)
to say (si)
to see (s:)
to snow (snu)
to spell (spl)
to swim (sum)
to take (tik)
to walk (uk)
to watch (uch)
to wear (uar)
limpiar
plant
venir
pull
bailar
read
hacer
remember
sentir
shop
vestirse
sit
prepararse
sleep
levantarse
start
tener, comer
stay
divertirse
vacuum
escuchar a)
wait
mirar (a)
wash
buscar
work

WHAT is your last name?

(It's) Oliveira Fernandez.

CUL es tu apellido?
(Es) Oliveira Fernandez.

WHAT are your first and

middle names?
(They're) Monica Gabriela.
WHAT are Tom and Steven
doing?
They're sleeping.
WHAT is the Louvre like?
It's fantastic !!
WHAT color are taxis in
Buenos Aires?
They're black and yellow.

CULES son tu primer y

segundo nombres?
(Son) Monica Gabriela.
QU estn haciendo Tom y
Steven?
Estn durmiendo.
CMO es el Louvre?
Es fantstico!
DE QU color son los taxis
en Buenos Aires?
Son negros y amarillos.

It's spring.
It's raining. It's
cool.
It's fifty
degrees.

It's summer.
It's warm and
sunny.
It's eighty.

It's summer.
It's very hot and
humid.
It's ninety-five.

Do you get up early on Sundays? No, I get up late.

What time do you get up? At noon.
Does she eat breakfast in the morning?
Yes, she eats breakfast at work.
What time does she eat breakfast? At nine o'clock.
Do they go to work together?
Yes, they go together every day.
What time do they go to work?
At a quarter to eight.

llover
correr
decir
ver
nevar (caer nieve)
deletrear
nadar
tomar (taxi); (paseo); llevar
caminar
mirar (TV); observar
usar (ropa)
planting
plantar
pulling
tirar, extraer
reading
leer
remembering
recordar
shopping
comprar
sitting
sentarse
sleeping
dormir
starting
comenzar
staying
permanecer
vacuuming
aspirar polvo)
waiting
esperar
washing
lavar
working
trabajar

WHERE is my address
book? It's under the
briefcase.
WHERE in Ecuador are you
from?
I'm from Manabi.
WHERE in Argentina is
Ushuaia?
It's in Tierra del Fuego.
WHO is this gentleman?
He's Mr. Ronald.
WHO are they?
They're Marta and Santiago
Muller.
It's fall.
It's windy.
It's cool. It's
cloudy.

It's winter.
It's very cold.
It's five
degrees.

DNDE est mi agenda?

Est debajo del portafolios.
DE QU PARTE de Ecuador
eres?
Soy de Manabi.
EN QU PARTE de
Argentina est Ushuaia?
Est en Tierra del Fuego.
QUIN es este seor?
Es el Sr. Ronald.
QUINES son?
Son Marta y Santiago Muller.

It's winter.
It's snowing.
It's thirty-two
degrees.

Te levantas temprano los domingos? No, me levanto tarde.

A qu hora te levantas? Al medioda.
Toma (ella) el desayuno por la maana?
S, (ella) toma el desayuno en el trabajo.
A qu hora toma (ella) el desayuno? A las nueve.
Van (ellos) al trabajo juntos?
S, (ellos) van juntos al trabajo todos los das.
A qu hora van (ellos) al trabajo?
A las ocho menos cuarto.

ulia:
Charles:
Julia:
Charles:
Julia:
Charles:
Julia:
Charles:
Julia:
Charles:
Deborah:
John:
Deborah:
John:
Deborah:
John:
Deborah:
John:
Deborah:
Susan:
Peter:
Susan:
Peter:
Susan:
Peter:
Mr. Ron:
Mrs. Ron:
Mr. Ron:
Mrs. Ron:
Mr. Ron:
Mrs. Ron:
Mr. Ron:
Mrs. Ron:
Mr. Ron:
Richard:
Monica:
Richard:
Monica:
Richard:
Monica:

Hi, Charles. What's the matter?

My car isn't working. I'm waiting for a tow-truck.
Do you have a ride home?
Yes, my wife is coming to get me.
That's good. Do you live near here?
No, we live in the suburbs. What about you?
I live downtown, with my parents.
Do you have a car?
I don't need a car. I walk to work.
You're lucky !!!

Hola, Charles. Qu sucede?

Mi auto no funciona. Estoy esperando el remolque.
Tienes quien te lleve a casa?
S, mi esposa me pasa a buscar.
Menos mal. Vives cerca de aqu?
No, vivimos en los suburbios. Y t?
Vivo en el centro con mis padres.
Tienes auto?
No necesito auto. Voy caminando al trabajo.
Eres afortunada!

Hello?
Hi, Deborah! This is John. I'm calling from
Australia.
What are you doing in Australia?
I'm attending a conference in Sydney this week.
Remember?
Oh, right. What time is it there?
It's 10:00 P.M. And it's four o'clock in Los
Angeles, right?
Yes - four o'clock in the morning.
4:00 A.M.? I'm really sorry.
That's OK. I'm awake now.
oh-oh.
What's the matter?
It's snowing, and it's very cold.
Well, you're wearing a coat.
But I'm not wearing boots. And it's thirty-two
degrees !!!
That's zero degrees Celsius !!! That's really
cold.
Hey ! Are you getting dressed?
Yes, I am.
Why? What time is it?
It's a quarter to eight. I'm going to work.
But it's Saturday !!
I'm working on Saturday mornings this month.
Are you getting up?
No, I'm not. I'm staying in bed.
OK. See you at noon.
If I'm awake.

Hola?
Hola, Deborah! Soy John.
Llamo desde Australia.
Qu ests haciendo en Australia?
Estoy asistiendo a una conferencia en Sydney,
esta semana. Recuerdas?
Ahh, s. Qu hora es all?
Son las 10 de la noche. Y son las cuatro en Los Angeles, no?
S... cuatro de la maana.
Cuatro de la maana? Realmente lo siento.
Est bien. Estoy despierta ahora.
Ajj-brr.
Qu ocurre?
Est nevando y hace mucho fro.
Bueno, pero ests usando un abrigo.
Pero no estoy usando botas.
Y hace 32 grados!
Eso es 0 grado centgrado! Est realmente fro.
Eh! Te ests vistiendo?
S, lo estoy.
Por qu? Qu hora es?
Son las ocho menos cuarto. Voy a trabajar.
Pero es sbado!
Estoy trabajando los sbados por la maana este mes. Te
vas a levantar?
No, yo no. Me quedo en la cama.
Bueno. Hasta el medioda.
Si estoy despierto.

What time do you get up on Sundays?

At ten o'clock.
Oh, that's early. I get up at noon.
Do you have breakfast?
Sure. I eat breakfast every day.
Then let's meet at Harry's Restaurant at one o'clock.
On Sundays, they serve breakfast all day... for people
like us !!!

Where do you work? I work in a hotel.

What do you do there? I'm a receptionist.

A qu hora te levantas los domingos?

A las diez.
Ah, qu temprano. Yo me levanto al medioda.
Tomas el desayuno?
Claro. Tomo mi desayuno todos los das.
Entonces encontrmonos en el restaurant de Harry a la
una. Los domingos sirven el desayuno todo el da... para
gente como nosotros!

Dnde trabajas? Trabajo en un hotel.

Qu haces all? Soy recepcionista.

Where does she work? She works in a store.

What does she do there? She's a cashier.
Where do they work? They work in a hospital.
What do they do there? They're nurses.
Rachel:
Angela:
Rachel:
Angela:
Rachel:
Angela:
Rachel:

Dnde trabaja (ella)? (Ella) Trabaja en una tienda.

Qu hace (ella) all? Es cajera.
Dnde trabajan (ellos/as)? Trabajan en un hospital.
Qu hacen (ellos/as) all? Son enfermeros/as.

Where does your brother work?

He works in a hotel.
Oh. What does he do, exactly?
He's a chef in a French restaurant.
That's interesting. My boyfriend works in a hotel,
too.
Is he a chef?
No, he's a security guard, but he doesn't like the
work. So he's looking for a new job.

BE + ADJECTIVE
A lawyer's salary is high.
A police officer's job is dangerous.
ADJECTIVE + NOUN
A lawyer has a high salary.
A police officer has a dangerous job.

Yes, I'm teaching math at Lincoln High School.

So how do you like it?
Well, the salary is a little low, but the students are nice.
How are things with you?
Not bad. You know I'm an air traffic controller now.
Now that's an exciting job !!!
Yes, but it's very stressful.

Victor:

Es cocinero?
No, es guardia de seguridad pero no le gusta ese trabajo.
As que est buscando un nuevo empleo.

SER + ADJETIVO
El sueldo de un abogado es alto.
El trabajo de un agente de polica es peligroso.
ADJETIVO + SUSTANTIVO
Un abogado tiene un sueldo alto.
Un agente de polica tiene un trabajo peligroso.

Hi, Stephanie. I hear you have a new job.

Brian:
Victor:
Brian:
Victor:
Brian:
Victor:
Brian:

Dnde trabaja tu hermano?

Trabaja en un hotel.
Ah. Qu hace exactamente?
Es cocinero de un restaurante francs.
Qu interesante. Mi novio trabaja en un hotel tambin.

Hi, Victor. How are you?

Oh, I'm fine.
So, are you going to go to class tonight?
Maybe... but I don't think so.
Really? What's the matter?
I don't know. I'm just feeling a little sad.
Listen. Come with me to class, and after class
we can go out for dinner.
Now that's a good idea. Thanks a lot, Brian. I'm
feeling better already.

Hola Stephanie. S que

tienes un trabajo nuevo.
S, estoy enseando matemticas en la escuela Lincoln.
Y te gusta?
Bueno, el sueldo es algo bajo pero los estudiantes son
agradables. Cmo andan tus cosas?
No mal. Sabes que soy un controlador de trfico areo ahora.
Qu trabajo realmente emocionante!
S pero es muy estresante.
Hola, Victor. Cmo ests?
Ah, estoy bien.
Vas a ir a clase esta noche?
Quizs... pero no creo que vaya.
En serio? Qu te ocurre?
No s. Me siento un poco triste.
Escucha. Ven conmigo a la clase y despus de clase
podemos salir a cenar.
Es una buena idea. Muchas gracias, Brian. Ya me siento
mejor.

Charles:
Anne:

What do we need for the barbecue?

Well, we need hamburger meat and hot dogs.

Qu necesitamos para el asado?

Bueno, necesitamos carne de hamburguesa y salchichas.

Charles:

We have some hamburger in the freezer, but

we don't have any hot dogs.
Right, and there aren't any buns.
Do we need any soda?
Yes, we do. Let's buy some soda and some
lemonade, too.
All right. And how about
some potato salad?
Great idea !! Everyone likes potato salad.
Let's not forget dessert.

Tenemos algo de carne en el congelador pero no tenemos

salchichas.
De acuerdo, y no hay ningn bollo (panecillo).
Necesitamos gaseosas?
S. Compremos algunas gaseosas y limonada tambin.

Anne:
Charles:
Anne:
Charles:
Anne:
Charles:

Muy bien. Y qu te parece algo de ensalada de papas?

Gran idea! A todos les gusta la ensalada de papas.
No nos olvidemos del postre.

Anne:
Charles:
Anne:
Charles:
Anne:

Yeah. How about some fruit? Maybe

mangoes and strawberries.
Hm. I don't really like fruit.
I know.Your favorite dessert is Apple pie.
Yes. Apple pie with ice cream !!
OK. So let's put apple pie and ice cream on
the shopping list.

I always have breakfast.

I usually have breakfast.
I often have breakfast.
I sometimes have breakfast.
I seldom have breakfast.
I never have breakfast.
Do you usually have tea?
Do you ever have tea?
I don't usually have tea.
I don't often have tea.
I don't ever have tea.

S. Qu te parece algo de fruta? Quizs mangos y

frutillas (fresas).
Hmm. Realmente no me gusta la fruta.
Lo s. Tu postre favorito es el pastel de manzana.
S. Pastel de manzana con helado!
OK. Entonces anotemos pastel de manzana y helado en
la lista de compras.

Siempre tomo el desayuno.

Usualmente (generalmente) tomo el desayuno.
A menudo (Frecuentemente) tomo el desayuno.
Algunas veces tomo el desayuno.
Raras veces tomo el desayuno.
Nunca tomo el desayuno.
Tomas el t usualmente (generalmente)?
Tomas el t alguna vez?
Generalmente no tomo el t.
No tomo el t a menudo (frecuentemente).
No tomo nunca el t.

1. What do you USUALLY have for breakfast?

Qu comes USUALMENTE para el desayuno?
2. I am NEVER sick.
NUNCA me siento mal.
3. Do you EVER eat breakfast at work?
Tomas A VECES el desayuno en el trabajo?
4. I SOMETIMES have breakfast at my desk.
ALGUNAS VECES tomo el desayuno en mi escritorio.
5. Do you EVER eat rice for dinner?
Comes A VECES arroz en la cena?

6. I ALWAYS have eggs, bacon, and toast on Sundays.

SIEMPRE como huevos, tocino y tostadas los domingos.
7. In the winter it is OFTEN very cold here.
En invierno hace A MENUDO mucho fro aqu.
8. She isn't USUALLY home in the evenings.
Ella no est USUALMENTE en casa por las noches.
9. My kids are SELDOM late for school.
Mis chicos RARAS VECES llegan tarde a la escuela.
10. We don't OFTEN have rice at home.
No comemos A MENUDO arroz en casa

directory: gua, directorio telefnico;

give out: repartir, entregar,
dar;hundreds: cientos, centenares;
ort of: (aqu) en cierta forma;
earn: ganar, percibir (sueldo, salario);
around: aproximadamente;
a year: (aqu) por ao;
secure: seguro, estable;
losing: perdiendo;
automation: automatizacin;
computer programmer: programador informtico;
night school: e scuela nocturna;
clients: clientes;
mainly: bsicamente
;sports injuries: heridas por deportes, lesiones por deporte;
famous: famoso/s;
exciting: emocionante;

business travelers: viajantes de comercio, negocios;

make plans: planear, organizar programas;
annual salary: sueldo anual;
very high: muy elevado;
pretty secure: muy seguro, estable;
travel: viaje;
growing field: terreno, rea creciente;
learn about: aprender, conocer sobre, acerca de;
airlines: compaias areas, aerolneas;
tours: excursiones;
free: gratis, gratuito, sin coste;
tickets: pasajes;
a lot of patients: muchos pacientes;
too busy: demasiado ocupados;
physical therapy: fisioterapia, terapia fsica;
these days: hoy da, actualmente.

Thirty days have November, April, June and September.

To January add another day, Also to August, March and
May July, October and December.
All these, have thirty-one, remember. To February
twenty-eight assign And in a leap year, twenty-nine.

Treinta das tienen noviembre, abril, junio y setiembre.

A enero agrgale un da ms, Lo mismo a agosto, marzo y
mayo, julio, octubre y diciembre.
Todos stos tienen treinta y uno, recurdalo.
A febrero asgnale veintiocho y en ao bisiesto, veintinueve.

Sarah:
Kumiko:

Let's have breakfast together on Sunday.

OK. But why don't you come to my house?
On Sundays my family has a Japanese-style
breakfast.
Really? What do you have?
We usually have fish, rice, and soup.
Fish? Now that's interesting.
We sometimes have salad, too. And we
always have green tea.
Well, I don't often eat fish for breakfast, but I
love to try new things.

Sarah:
Kumiko:
Sarah:
Kumiko:
Sarah:
Helen:
Mark:
Helen:
Mark:
Helen:
Mark:
Helen:

No me digas? Qu comen?
Generalmente comemos pescado, arroz y sopa.
Pescado? Vaya qu interesante.
A veces comemos ensalada tambin. Y siempre
tomamos t verde.
Bueno, no suelo comer pescado en el desayuno pero me
encanta probar cosas nuevas.

It's really hot. Let's go to the pool.

OK, but I can't swim very well.
Well, I can't, either. I can only swim ten laps.
Ten laps? I can't even swim across the pool!!
But I can't dive at all. Can you dive?
Well, yes, I can. In fact, I can dive quite well.
So, let's go. I can teach you how to swim, and you
can teach me how to dive.

Is your girlfriend good at sports?

She's good at team sports.
She knows how to play basketball,
but she doesn't know how to play baseball.
Matthew:
Philip:
Matthew:
Philip:
Matthew:
Philip:
Matthew:
Philip:
Matthew:
Philip:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Desayunemos juntas el domingo.

De acuerdo. Pero, Por qu no vienes a mi casa? Los
domingos mi familia toma un desayuno a la Japonesa.

Hace mucho calor. Vamos a la piscina.

De acuerdo, pero no s nadar muy bien.
Bueno, yo tampoco. Slo puedo nadar diez vueltas.
Diez vueltas? Yo ni siquiera puedo atravesar la piscina!!
Pero no puedo zambullirme para nada. Sabes bucear?
Bueno, s, puedo. En realidad, buceo bastante bien.
Entonces, vamos. Puedo ensearte a nadar y t puedes
ensearme a zambullirme.

Es buena tu novia en deportes?

Es buena en deportes en equipo.
Sabe cmo jugar bsquetbol pero
no sabe cmo jugar bisbol.

What's your new girlfriend like?

Katherine? Well, she's good at languages.
Does she know how to speak Spanish?
She knows how to speak Spanish and Japanese.
Wow !!!
And she's good at sports, too. She knows how to play
tennis and basketball.
That's terrific !!!
But there's one thing she's not good at.
What's that?
She's not good at remembering things. We have a date,
and she's an hour late !!

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen

14 fourteen

19
20
21
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
101

nineteen
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
a/one hundred
a/one hundred and
one
200 two hundred

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th

Cmo es tu nueva novia?

Katherine? Bien, es buena para los idiomas.
Sabe hablar espaol?
Sabe hablar espaol y japons.
Vaya !!!
Y es buena en los deportes tambin. Sabe jugar
tenis y bsquet.
Es fabuloso !!!
Pero hay algo en lo que no es buena.
Qu cosa?
No es buena para recordar cosas. Tenemos una
cita y llega una hora tarde!

first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth

14th fourteenth

19th
20th
21st
22nd
30th
40th
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
101st

nineteenth
twentieth
twenty-first
twenty-second
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
hundred and first

200th two hundredth

15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

January 2nd.
September 3rd.
June 13th.
April 1st.

1.000 a/one thousand

10.000 ten thousand
100.000 a/one hundred
thousand
1.000.000 a/one million
January the second
September the third
June the thirteenth
April the first

Breakfast is the FIRST meal of the day.

A minute is the SIXTIETH part of an hour.
Lesson 30 is the same as the THIRTIETH lesson.
The SEVENTH day of the week is Saturday.
"J" is the TENTH letter of the English alphabet.

15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth
18th eighteenth

1.000th thousandth
10.000th ten thousandth
100.000th one hundred
thousandth
1.000.000th one millionth

the second of January

the third of September
the thirteenth of June
the first of April
He's not going to see a movie tonight. (to see)
Is Katherine going to clean her house tomorrow morning?
Mr. Dean's going to have a barbecue next Sunday. (to have)
We're going to watch television tomorrow night.
Are they going to play tennis next summer?

tonight
esta noche
next week
la semana prxima
tomorrow
maana
next Saturday
el sbado prximo
tomorrow night
maana por la noche
next month
el mes prximo
Amy:
How old are you, Philip?
Qu edad tienes, Philip?
Philip:
I'm twenty years old. But I'm going to be twenty-one on Tengo veinte aos. Pero voy a cumplir veintiuno el 5
August 5th.
de agosto.
Amy:
That's next Friday! What are you going to do?
Es el prximo viernes! Qu vas a hacer?
Philip:

Katherine is going to take me to a restaurant.

Katherine me va a llevar a un restaurante.

Amy:

Nice !!! Is she going to order a birthday cake?

Qu bien! Va a encargar torta de cumpleaos?

Philip:

Probably. And the waiters are probably going to sing

"Happy Birthday" to me. It's so embarrasing !!!

Probablemente. Y es probable que los mozos me

canten "Feliz Cumpleaos". Es tan incmodo!

Amy:

Oh, I bet it's going to be fun.

Claro. Apuesto que va a ser divertido.

Philip:

I don't know. I hope so. When's your birthday, Amy?

No s. Espero que s. Cundo es tu cumpleaos?

Amy:
Philip:
Amy:
Philip:

It's in September.
September what?
September seventeenth.
And are you going to be twenty-one?

Amy:
Philip:
Amy:
Philip:

Es en setiembre.
Qu fecha de setiembre?
El 17 de setiembre.
Y vas a cumplir veintin
aos?
I'm twenty-one now. I'm going to be twenty-two.
Tengo veintiuno ahora.
Voy a cumplir veintids.
Oh. So do you have any plans?
Ah. Y tienes algn plan?
Well, my birthday is on a Saturday this year, so I'm
Bueno, mi cumpleaos cae en sbado este ao, as
going to have a party. And, of course, I'm going to invite que voy a hacer una fiesta. Y, por supuesto, los voy
you and Katherine. Can you come?
a invitar a ti y a Katherine. Puedes venir?
Well, I think I can. And Katherine can probably come,
Bien, creo que puedo. Y es probable que Katherine
too.
pueda ir tambin.

"My twenty-first birthday is on Saturday, and I'm going to go out with some friends. To wish me a happy birthday, they're going to pull
on my ear 21 times, once for each year. It's an old custom. Some people do it only once, but my friends are very traditional!!"
My husband is going to be 60 tomorrow. In Japan, the sixtieth birthday is called kanreki - it's the beginning of a new life. The color
red represents a new life, so we always give something red for a sixtieth birthday. What am I going to give my husband? I can't say.
It's a surprise."
I'm going to be 30 next week. So I'm going to invite three very good friends out to dinner. In France, when you have

a birthday, you often invite people out. I know that in some countries it's the opposite - people take you out."
to go out: salir de casa;
kanreki: el comienzo de una nueva vida (en Japn);
I'm going to go out: voy a salir, pienso salir;
a new life: una nueva vida;
to wish me a happy birthday: para desearme un feliz something red: algo de color rojo;
cumpleaos;
to pull on my ear: tironear de mi oreja;
surprise: sorpresa;
times: (aqu) veces;
out to dinner: a cenar fuera de casa (en un restaurante);
once for each year: una vez por cada ao (cumplido);
you often invite people out: a menudo invitas a cenar afuera;
an old custom: una vieja costumbre, tradicin;
I know that: s que, estoy al tanto de que;
traditional: tradicionalistas, que respetan las tradiciones;
the opposite: lo contrario, lo opuesto;
is going to be: va a cumplir;
people take you out: son los otros quienes te invitan a salir
What's the matter?
What's wrong?
He has a stomachache
Tiene dolor de estmago
She has a sore throat
Tiene la garganta
inflamada
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
in June
in December
in the summer
on Monday
on Monday morning
on Mondays
CAROL:
RAUL:
CAROL:
RAUL:
CAROL:
DAVID:
MABEL:
DAVID:
MABEL:
DAVID:
MABEL:
ELSA:
DR. GEE:
ELSA:
DR. GEE:
ELSA:
DR. GEE:
ELSA:
AFFIRMATIVE
Take these pills.
Stay in bed.
NEGATIVE

Qu les sucede?
She has an earache
Tiene dolor de odos
He has a cold
Tiene un resfro
(Est resfriado)
por la maana
por la tarde
por la noche
en junio
en diciembre
en el verano
el lunes
el lunes por la maana
los lunes

How do they feel?

What's the problem?
He has a neckache
Tiene dolor de cuello
She has the flu
Tiene gripe
(Est engripada)

Cmo se sienten?
Qu problema tienen?
She has a headache
Tiene dolor de cabeza
He's feeling sad (or blue)
Est triste
(o melncolico)

at 10 a.m.
at two o'clock
at noon
at midnight
at night

a las diez de la maana

a las dos
al medioda
a medianoche
de noche, por la noche

on July 15th
on the 15th (of July)
on weekdays
on weekends

el 15 de julio
el 15 de julio
los das hbiles
los fines de semana

Are you free ON Sunday? There's a party AT Emilio's place?

Is the party IN the afternoon?
No, it starts AT 8:00 p.m.
But I never go to parties ON Sunday nights. I go to work AT 7:30 a.m. Monday.
But the party is ON July 3rd. You don't work ON the Fourth of July. It's a holiday.
Can I make an appointment IN June? I'm free ON Wednesdays.
Can you come ON Wednesday the 7th?
ON the 7th, I can only come IN the morning.
I have an opening AT ten IN the morning.
Good. So the appointment is ON Wednesday the 7th AT 10:00 a.m.
That's right. See you then.
Can I have an appointment ON Tuesday the 6th?
IN the morning.
No, IN the afternoon, please.
Can you come AT three o'clock?
That's fine. So my appointment is AT three o'clock ON the 13th.
Well, no, it's ON Tuesday the 6th. By the way, what's your problem?
I have trouble remembering things. When is my appointment again?
AFIRMATIVO
Toma estas pldoras.
Qudate en cama.
NEGATIVO

Don't drink coffee.

Don't lift heavy things.
Don't forget your doctor's appointment.
SOME ADVICE
Go to bed and sleep.
Eat some toast and drink some tea.
Take two aspirin and drink a lot of water.
Go home and relax.
Go to bed early at night.
Take a hot bath at night.
Get some exercise every day.
Take some antacid.
Try this new ointment.
Try these cough drops.
Don't go to work.
Don't eat any food for a day.
Don't eat desserts.
Don't drink coffee or tea in the evening.
Recept
Susan:

No bebas caf.
No levantes cosas pesadas.
No olvides la cita con tu doctor.
ALGUNOS CONSEJOS
Vete a la cama a dormir.
Come algunas tostadas y bebe algo de t.
Toma dos aspirinas y bebe mucha agua.
Vete a casa y reljate.
Vete a la cama temprano por la noche.
Toma un bao caliente por la noche.
Haz algo de ejercicio todos los das.
Tmate algn anticido.
Prueba esta nueva pomada (ungento).
Prueba estas pastillas para la tos.
No vayas a trabajar.
No comas nada durante un da.
No comas postres.
No bebas caf o t por la noche.

Recep:
Susan:
Recep:
Susan:

Dr. Ryan's office.

Hello, this is Susan West. Can I make an
appointment on Friday the 17th?
OK, Ms. West. In the morning or afternoon?
In the afternoon.
Can you come at 4:00 p.m.?
That's fine. . . .

Consultorio de la Dra. Ryan.

Hola, soy Susan West. Puede darne un turno
para el viernes 17?
De acuerdo, Sra. West. Por la maana o la tarde?
Por la tarde.
Puede venir a las cuatro de la tarde?
Est bien.. . .

Dr. Ryan:
Susan:

And what's the problem, Ms. West?

I have a terrible backache. I can't even sit down.

Dr. Ryan:

OK. Take these pills every four hours. Stay in bed

this week. And don't lift heavy things.
Thanks, Dr. Ryan.

Qu problema tiene, Sra. West?

Tengo un terrible dolor de espalda. Ni siquiera me
puedo sentar.
Bien. Tome estas pldoras cada cuatro horas.Qudese
en cama esta semana. Y no levante cosas pesadas.
Gracias, Dra. Ryan.

Susan:

IS IT FAR FROM HERE? QUEDA LEJOS DE AQU?

The department store is on Grant Street.
It's between Second and Third Streets.
It's across from the Grand Hotel.
There's a newsstand in front of the hotel.
There's a gas station behind the hotel.
The gas station is on the corner of Washington and Second.
The gas station is next to a parking lot.
The parking lot is near the City Bank.
Walk down Fifth Avenue for ten blocks.
Walk up Fifth Avenue to 50th Street.
Turn right at 50th Street.
Turn left at 50th Street.
The building is on the right.
The building is on the left.
Charles:
Woman:
Charles:

Can you help me, please? Is there a public

restroom near here?
I'm sorry, but I don't think so.
Oh, no!! My son needs a bathroom.

El centro comercial es sobre la calle Grant.

Est entre las calles Segunda y Tercera.
Est enfrente del Hotel Grand.
Hay un puesto de diarios frente al hotel.
Hay una gasolinera detrs del hotel.
La gasolinera es en la esquina de Washington y Segunda.
La gasolinera est al lado de un estacionamiento.
El estacionamiento est cerca del Banco City.

Baja por la Quinta Avenida diez cuadras.

Sube por la Quinta Avenida hasta la calle 50.
Dobla a la derecha en la calle 50.
Dobla a la izquierda en la calle 50.
El edificio est a la derecha.
El edificio est a la izquierda.
Me puede ayudar, por favor? Hay un bao pblico cerca
de aqu?
Lo siento, pero me parece que no.
Caramba!! Mi hijo necesita un bao.

Woman:
Charles:
Woman:
Charles:
Woman:
Tourist:
Woman:
Tourist:
Woman:
Tourist:
Woman:

Well, there's a department store on Grant Street.

There are restrooms in the basement.
Where on Grant Street?
Between Second and Third Streets. The store is
across from the hotel.
Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
Excuse me, ma'am. How
do I get to St. Patrick's Cathedral?
Walk up Fifth Avenue to 50th Street. St. Patrick's
on the right.
Is it near Rockefeller Center?
It's right across from Rockefeller Center.
Thanks. And what about the Empire State Building?
Is it far from here?
It's right behind you. Just turn around and look up!!

OPPOSITES
high
safe
interesting
pleasant
easy
relaxing

low
dangerous
boring
unpleasant
difficult
stressful

Bueno, hay un centro comercial sobre la calle Grant. Hay

baos en el subsuelo.
En qu parte de la calle Grant?
Entre las calles Segunda y Tercera. La tienda est enfrente
del hotel.
Muchas gracias.
De nada.
Disculpe, seora. Cmo puedo llegar a la Catedral
de San Patricio?
Suba por la Quinta Avenida
hasta la calle 50. San Patricio est a la derecha.
Est cerca del Centro Rockefeller?
Est exactamente enfrente del Centro Rockefeller.
Gracias. Y dnde se encuentra el edificio Empire State?
Est lejos de aqu?
Est exactamente detrs suyo. Dse vuelta y levante la
vista!

OPUESTOS o CONTRARIOS
alto, elevado
bajo
seguro
peligroso
interesante
aburrido
agradable
desagradable
fcil
difcil
tranquilo
estresante

awake
beautiful
big
bitter
dead
deep
dirty
expensive
far
fast
fat
full
glad
long
new
polite
rich
right
rough
safe

despierto
hermoso
grande
amargo
muerto
profundo
sucio
caro
lejano
rpido
gordo
lleno
contento
largo
nuevo
corts
rico
derecho,
correcto
spero
seguro

=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=

asleep
ugly
small
sweet
alive
shallow
clean
cheap
near
slow
thin
empty
sad
short
old
rude
poor
left

=/=
=/=

smooth
dangerous

dormido
feo
pequeo
dulce
vivo
superficial
limpio
barato
cercano
lento
flaco, delgado
vaco
triste
corto
viejo
grosero
pobre
izquierdo,
equivocado
suave, liso
peligroso

Lesson 16 We had a great time

Romel: Hi, Nicole. Did you have a good weekend?
Nicole: Yes, I did. But I feel tired today.
Romel: Really? Why?
Nicole: Well, on Saturday I cleaned the house and played tennis.
Then on Sunday I hiked in the country.
Romel: And I bet you studied, too.
Nicole: Yeah. I studied on Sunday evening. What about you?
Romel: Well, I didn't clean the house and I didn't study. I stayed in
bed and watched TV.
Nicole: That sounds like fun, but did you exercise?
Romel: Sort of. I played golf on my computer !!

good
happy
hard
healthy
heavy
high
hot
same
simple
single
strong
tall
thick
true
useful
warm
wet
wide

bueno
feliz
duro
saludable
pesado
alto
caliente
mismo
simple
soltero
fuerte
alto
grueso
verdadero
til
clido
mojado
ancho

=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=

bad
sorry
soft
sick
light
low
cold
different
complex
married
weak
short
thin
false
useless
cool
dry
narrow

Malo
Apenado
blando
enfermo
liviano
bajo
fro
diferente
complejo
casado
dbil
bajo
delgado
falso
intil
fresco
seco
angosto

young
true

joven
verdadero

=/=
=/=

old
false

viejo
falso

Hola, Nicole. Pasaste un buen fin de semana?

S. Pero me siento cansada hoy.
En serio? Por qu?
Bueno, el sbado limpi la casa y jugu tenis. Luego el
domingo fui de excursin al campo.
Y apuesto a que estudiaste tambin.
As es. Estudi el domingo a la noche. Y t?
Bueno, no limpi la casa y no estudi. Me qued en
cama y mir televisin.
Suena divertido, pero hiciste ejercicio?
Algo parecido. Jugu golf en mi computadora

1. La hora viene siempre precedida de at: at two (a las dos); at midnight (a medianoche); at noon (al medioda).
2. El da de la semana (con fecha o sin ella) es precedido por on: on Monday (el lunes); on April 1st (el primero de abril); on your
birthday (el da de tu cumpleaos); on Christmas Day (el da de Navidad).
3. Los meses, las estaciones, aos y siglos son precedidos de in: in June (en junio); in summer (en el verano); in 1950 (en 1950); in the
year 1950 (en el ao 1950); in the nineteenth century (en el siglo diecinueve).
4. Observa el significado de las formas plurales: on Mondays (los lunes, todos los lunes); on Monday evenings (los lunes por la noche,
todos los lunes por la noche); on winter evenings (en las noches de invierno).
5. Observa ahora la diferencia entre: on Christmas (Day) (el da de Navidad) y at Christmas (time) (para Navidad, el perodo navideo).
6. Finalmente observa estos usos: by day (de da); by night (de noche); during the day (durante el da); during the night (durante la
noche).
7. No viene mal recordarte: in the morning (por la maana); in the afternoon (por la tarde); in the evening (por la noche); at night (de
noche).
8. PARA TENER EN CUENTA:
Cuando se encuentran juntos varios complementos de tiempo, el ms especfico precede al menos especfico. Observa este
ejemplo:Helen visited me at midnight on December 21st, 2000.
Rossi: So, did you go out with Richard?
Anala: Yeah. We went to a movie last Saturday. We
sawPolice Partners II.
Rossi: Did you like it?
Anala: Richard did, but I didn't. Of course, I told him I liked it.
Rossi: Yeah. So did you do anything else?

Entonces, Saliste con Richard?

As es. Fuimos a un cine el sbado pasado. Vimos
Socios y Policas II.
Les gust?
A Richard s, pero a m no. Por supuesto, le dije que me gust.
Aj. Hicieron alguna otra cosa?

Anala: Well, we went to a dance club.

Rossi: Did you have fun there?
Anala: Yeah, we had a great time. And we're going to go
there again next week !!
Lesson 17 Why did you become a hairdresser?
Where did you grow up? I grew up in Texas.
Why did you become a hairdresser? I became a
hairdresser because I needed the money.
When did you come to Los Angeles? I came to
L.A. in 1978.
How old were you in 1978? I was eighteen.
What was your major in college? It was drama.
Who was your first friend in L.A.? My first friend
was Bob Rivers.
How was your vacation? It was great.

Dnde te criaste? Me cri en Texas.

Por qu te hiciste peluquero? Me hice peluquero
porque necesitaba dinero.
Cundo viniste a Los Angeles? Vine a L.A. en 1978.
Qu edad tenas en 1978? Tena dieciocho.
Cul fue tu especializacin en la universidad? Fue arte dramtico.
Quin fue tu primer amigo en L.A.? Me primer amigo fue Bob Rivers.
Cmo fue tu vacacin? Fue fantstica.

PETER: WERE you at home on the weekend?

DAVID: No, I WASN'T. I WAS in the country.
PETER: Really? WERE you with your family?
DAVID: Yes, I WAS. I WAS with my sister and brother.
C NANCY: WERE you in college last year?
CHUCK: No, I WASN'T. I graduated two years ago.
NANCY: So, where WERE you last year?
CHUCK: I WAS in Europe. I had a job in a hotel.
Chuck:

Bien, fuimos a un boliche bailable.

Se divirtieron all?
S, la pasamos fantstico. Y vamos a ir nuevamente
la semana prxima!!

SUE:
KIM:
SUE:
KIM:
D BOB:
JIM:
BOB:
JIM:

Were you born in the U.S., Melissa?

Melissa:
Chuck:
Melissa:
Chuck:
Melissa:

No, I wasn't. I came here in 1992.

How old were you?
I was seventeen.
So, did you go to college right away?
No, because my English wasn't very good. I studied English
for two years first.
Chuck: Wow, your English is really fluent now.
Melissa: Thanks. Your English is pretty good, too.
Chuck: Yeah, but I was born here.
Melissa:
Chuck:
Melissa:
Chuck:
Melissa:
Chuck:

How about you, Chuck? Where did you grow up?

Well, I was born in Ohio, but I grew up in Texas.
And when did you come to Los Angeles?
In 1978. I went to college here.
Oh. What was your major?
Drama. I was an actor for five years after college.

Melissa: That's interesting. So why did you become a hairdresser?

Chuck: Because I needed the money. And because I was good at
it. Look. What do you think?

WERE your parents born in the U.S.?

No, they WEREN'T. They WERE born in China.
Really? And WERE you born in China, too?
No, I WASN'T. I WAS born in New York.
WERE you good at sports in high school?
Yes, I WAS. I played football.
And WERE your brothers good at sports, too?
No, they WEREN'T. They never liked sports in
high school.
Naciste en los Estados
Unidos, Melissa?
No. Llegu aqu en 1992.
Qu edad tenas?
Tena diecisiete.
O sea que fuiste a la universidad de inmediato?
No, porque mi ingls no era muy bueno. Primero estudi
ingls durante dos aos.
Vaya, tu ingls es muy fluido ahora.
Gracias. Tu ingls es muy bueno tambin.
Claro, pero yo nac aqu.

Y t, Chuck? Dnde te criaste?

Bueno, nac en Ohio pero me cri en Texas.
Y cundo viniste a Los Angeles?
En 1978. Fui a la universidad aqu.
Ah. Cul fue tu especializacin?
Arte dramtico. Fui actor durante cinco aos despus de la
universidad.
Qu interesante. Pero Por qu te hiciste peluquero?
Porque necesitaba dinero. Y porque era bueno en esto.
Observa. Qu te parece?

PAST IDEA

IDEA DE PASADO

FUTURE IDEA

IDEA DE FUTURO

Last Sunday, Last Monday

Last summer, spring ...
Last holidays, month ...

El domingo pasado, el
lunes pasado ...
El verano pasado, la
primavera pasada ...
Las vacaciones pasadas, el
mes pasado ...

Next Sunday, Next Mond

ay ...
Next summer, spring ...
Next holidays, month ...

El prximo domingo,
el prximo lunes ...
El prximo verano,
la prxima primavera ...
Las prximas vacaciones, el
mes prximo ...

Last week, weekend ...

Yesterday morning, night
Last night
In 1814, 1900, 2001 ...
Before 1900
After 1900
A month ago, two
weeks ago ...
This time last year

La semana pasada, el fin de

semana pasado ...
Ayer a la maana, ayer a la noche .
La noche pasada (anoche)
En (el ao)1814, 1900, 2001 ...
Antes de (el ao) 1900
Despus de (el ao) 1900
Hace un mes, hace dos semanas .
El ao pasado para esta poca

Next week, weekend

Tomorrow morning, night
Tonight
In 2010, 2030 ....
Before 3000
After 2050
In a month, in two weeks
.
This time next year

La semana prxima, el fin de

semana prximo ...
Maana a la maana, maana a la
noche ...
Hoy a la noche (esta noche)
En (el ao) 2010, 2030 ...
Antes de (el ao) 3000
Despus de (el ao) 2050
Dentro de un mes, dentro de dos
semanas ...
El ao prximo para esta poca

Lesson 18
Use BE GOING TO + VERB to talk about plans you've decided on.
Use WILL + VERB with maybe, probably, I guess, or I think to talk about possible plans before you've made a decision.
WHERE ARE YOU GOING TO GO? I'm going to go to the
beach.
I'm not sure. Maybe I'll catch up with my reading.
I'm not going to take a vacation.
I probably won't take a vacation this year.
WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?
I'm going to do lots of swimming.
I guess I'll just stay home.
I don't know. I think I'll go camping.

ADONDE VAS A (PIENSAS) IR? Voy a (pienso) ir a la playa.

No estoy seguro. Quizs me ponga al da con la lectura.
No voy a (no pienso) tomar vacaciones.
Probablemente no tome vacaciones este ao.
QUE VAS A (PIENSAS) HACER?
Voy a (pienso) practicar mucha natacin.
Supongo que me quedar simplemente en casa.
No lo s. Creo que ir de campamento

It's warm in this room. Shall I open the window? (no debes decir: Do I open the window? para expresar Abro la ventana?)
Shall I call you this evening? (no debes decir: Do I call you this evening? para expresar Te llamo esta noche?)
I'm going to a party. What shall I wear? (no debes decir: What do I wear? para expresar Qu me visto?)
It's a nice day. Shall we go for a walk? (no debes decir: Do we go for a walk? para expresar Vamos a dar una paseo?)
Where shall we go for our vacation this year? (no debes decir: Where do we go for our vacation...? para expresar Adnde vamos
de vacaciones...?)
What time shall we meet tonight? (no debes decir: What time do we meet...? para expresar A qu hora nos encontramos...?)
Tom:

Say, Anna, what are you doing tonight? Would you like Eh, Anna. Qu hacesesta noche? Te gustara salir?
to go out?
Anna:
Oh, sorry, I can't. I'm going to work late tonight. I have Ah, lo siento, no puedo. Voy a trabajar hasta tarde
to finish this report.
esta noche. Tengo que terminar este informe.
Tom:
Well, how about tomorrow night? Are you doing
Bueno, Qu te parece maana a la noche? Vas a hacer
anything then?
algo?
Anna:
No, I'm not. What are you planning to do?
No. Qu piensas hacer?
Tom:
I'm going to see a musical. Would you like to come?
Voy a ver una comedia musical. Te gustara venir?
Anna:
Sure, I'd love to !!! But let me pay for the tickets this
Seguro, me encantara!! Pero djame pagar las entradas a
time. It's my turn.
m esta vez. Me corresponde a m.
Tom:
All right!! Thanks !!
De acuerdo!! Gracias!!
Would you like + INF: Te gustara + infinitivo? Frase introductoria para invitaciones o sugerencias.
Lilian:
Natali
a:
Lilian:
Natal
Lilian

I'm so excited !! We have two weeks off !! What are you

going to do?
I'm not sure. I guess I'll just stay at home. Maybe I'll
catch up on my reading. What about you? Any plans?
Well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida.
I'm going to take long walks along the beach every day
and do lots of swimming.
Sounds great !!
Say, why don't you come with us? We have plenty of
room.

Estoy tan entusiasmada!! Tenemos dos semanas libres!!

Qu piensas hacer?
No estoy segura. Creo que me voy a quedar en casa
simplemente. Quizs me ponga al da con la lectura. Y t?
Algn plan?
Bueno, mis padres han alquilado un condominio en Florida.
Pienso dar largos paseos por la playa todos los das y practicar
mucha natacin.
Parece fantstico!!
Escucha, Por qu no vienes con nosotros? Tenemos mucho
espacio.

Do you mean it? I'd love to !!

En serio? Me encantara!!

Can you tell me about Mexico?

Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
What can you do there?
You can see the Palace of Fine Arts.
Should I go to the Palace of Fine Arts?
Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.
What should I see there?
You should visit the National Museum.
You shouldn't miss the Pyramid of the Sun.

Have you ever seen a

Has visto alguna vez un show
magic show?
de magia?
Yes, I have.
S, (he visto).
I saw a magic show last
V un show de magia el ao
year.
pasado.
No, I haven't.
No, (no he visto).
But my sister saw David
Pero mi hermana vio a David
Copperfield.
Copperfield.
Have you ever been to Las Has estado alguna vez en Las
Vegas?
Vegas?
Yes, I have.
S, (he estado).
I went there in September. Fui all en setiembre.
No, I haven't.
No, (no he estado).
I've never been there.
No, no he estado nunca all.
Me puedes comentar acerca de Mxico?
S, (puedo). / No, (no puedo).
Qu puedes (se puede) hacer all?
Puedes ver el Palacio de Bellas Artes.
Debera (me aconsejas) ir al Palacio de Bellas Artes?
S, deberas ir. / No, no te aconsejo ir.
Qu debera ver all?
Deberas (Te aconsejo) visitar el Museo Nacional.
No deberas perderte la Pirmide del Sol.

What would you like to eat?

I'd like a hamburger.
I'll have a small salad.
What kind of dressing would you like?
I'd like Italian, please.
I'll have French.
What would you like to drink?
I'd like a large soda.
I'll have coffee.
Would you like anything else?
Yes, please. I'd like some water.
No, thank you. That will be all.

Qu le gustara (quisiera) comer?

Quisiera (Me gustara) una hamburguesa.
Tomar (Comer) una ensalada chica.
Qu tipo de condimento le gustara (quisiera)?
Quisiera (Me gustara) condimento italiano, por favor.
Tomar (Usar) condimento francs.
Qu le gustara (quisiera) beber?
Quisiera (Me gustara) una gaseosa grande.
Tomar (Beber) caf.
Quiere alguna otra cosa?
S, por favor. Quisiera algo de agua.
No, gracias. Es todo.

Lesson 19 Would you like anything to drink?

Affirmative
subject + have / has + 3
I have gone to New York - He ido a New York
He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York
Negative
subject + haven't / hasn't + 3
I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York
He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York
Interrogative
Have / Has + subject + 3 ?
Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ?
Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?

I will
I would

=
=

I'll
I'd

Fidel:
Gisela:
Fidel:
Gisela:
Fidel:
Gisela:
Fidel:

Are you enjoying your trip to New Orleans?

Oh, yes. I really like it here.
Would you like to do something tonight?
Sure. I'd love to.
Let's see. Have you been to a jazz club yet?
Yes. I've already been to several clubs here.
OK. What about an evening riverboat tour?

Gisela:
Fidel:
Gisela:
Fidel:

Uh, actually, I've gone twice this week.

So, what do you want to do?
Well, I haven't been to the theater in a long time.
Oh, OK. I hear there's a terrific show at the
Saenger Theater.
Great !! Let's make a reservation.

Gisela:
Waiter:

May I take your order?

Ests disfrutando tu viaje a Nueva Orleans?

Claro que s. Realmente me gusta aqu.
Te gustara hacer algo esta noche?
Seguro. Me encantara.
Veamos. Ya has estado en un club de jazz?
S. Ya he ido a varios clubes aqu.
De acuerdo. Qu te parece un paseo nocturno en
barco?
Ah, la verdad, he ido dos veces esta semana.
Entonces, Qu quieres hacer?
Bueno, hace mucho tiempo que no voy al teatro.
Ah, de acuerdo. Me enter que hay un espectculo
sensacional en el Teatro Saenger.
Fantstico!! Hagamos las reservaciones.
Puedo tomar su pedido?

Julia:
Waiter:
Julia:
Waiter:
Julia:
Waiter:
Julia:

Yes. I'd like a hamburger and a large order of french

fries, please.
All right. And would you like a salad?
Yes. I'll have a mixed green salad.
OK. What kind of dressing would you like? We have
vinaigrette, Italian, and French.
Italian, please.
And would you like anything to drink?
Yes, I'd like a large soda, please.

S. Quisiera una hamburguesa y una porcin grande de

papas fritas, por favor.
Muy bien. Y le gustara una ensalada?
S. Voy a comer una ensalada verde mixta.
De acuerdo. Qu tipo de condimento le gusta?
Tenemos vinagreta, Italiana y Francesa.
Italiana, por favor.
Y quiere algo para beber?
S, quisiera una gaseosa grande, por favor.

Lesson 20 Do you want to leave her a message?

Tracy:
Hello?
Michael: Hi, Tracy. This is Michael. Is Jennifer there?
Tracy:
I'm sorry, Michael, she's at her parents' house. She's having
dinner with them. Do you want to leave her a message?
Michael: Oh, I'm not sure. It's a little complicated.
Tracy:
I have an idea. I'm going out now. So call again
and leave her a message on the machine.
Michael: That's a good idea.
Tracy:
And don't worry, I'm not going to listen to it.
Michael: Thanks, Tracy. You're a real pal.
She's at work.
She's at class.
She's at the pool.
She's at her parents'
house.
She's at the office.
She's at the mall.
She's in South
America.
She's in the hospital.
(*)
She's on vacation.
She's on a trip.

Est en el trabajo.
Est en clase.
Est en la piscina.
Est en la casa de sus
padres.
Est en la oficina.
Est en el centro
comercial.
Est en Sudamrica.
Est en el hospital
(internada) (*)
Est de vacaciones.
Est de viaje.

I'm going to get a job right away.

I'm not going to get a job right away.
I plan to get my own apartment.
I don't plan to get my own
apartment.
Alex:
Susan:
Alex:
Susan:
Alex:
Susan:
Alex:
Susan:
Alex:

Hola?
Hola, Tracy. Soy Michael. Se encuentra Jennifer?
Lo siento, Michael, est en la casa de sus padres.
Va a cenar con ellos. Quieres dejarle un mensaje?
Ah, no estoy seguro. Es algo complicado.
Tengo una idea. Voy a salir ahora. As que vuelve
a llamar y djale un mensaje en la mquina.
Es una buena idea.
Y no te preocupes. No lo voy a escuchar.
Gracias, Tracy. Eres una verdadera amiga.

They left me a message, but I didn't

get it.
They left you a
message,but you didn't get it.
They left her a
message,but she didn't get it.
They left him a
message,but he didn't get it.
They left us a
message,but we didn't get it.
They left them a
message,but they didn't get it.

Voy a buscar trabajo de

inmediato.
No voy a buscar trabajo de
inmediato.
Pienso conseguir departamento
propio

Ellos me dejaron un mensaje,

pero yo no lo recib.
Ellos te dejaron un mensaje,
pero t no lo recibiste.
Ellos le dejaron un mensaje (a ella),
pero ella no lo recibi.
Ellos le dejaron un mensaje (a ),
pero l no lo recibi.
Ellos nos dejaron un mensaje,
pero nosotros no lo recibimos.
Ellos les dejaron un mensaje, (a
ellos/ellas) pero ellos/ellas no lo
recibieron.

I want to live with my parents.

I don't want to live with my
parents.
I hope to get a new car.
I'd like to travel this summer.
I'd love to move to a new city.

So what are you going to do after your graduation,

Susan?
Well, I've saved some money, and I think I'd really like to
travel.
Lucky you. That sounds exciting !!
Yeah. Then I plan to get a job and my own apartment.
Oh, you're not going to live at home?
No, I don't want to live with my parents - not after I start to
work.
I know what you mean.
What about you, Alex? Do you have any plans yet?
I'm going to get a job and live at home. I'm broke, and
I want to pay off my student loan.

Quiero vivir con mis padres.

No quiero vivir con mis padres.
Espero conseguir un auto
nuevo.
Me gustara viajar este verano.

Y entonces, Qu vas a hacer despues de la graduacin,

Susan?
Bueno, he ahorrado algo de dinero y creo que
realmente voy a viajar.
Afortunada. Suena emocionante!!
S. Luego tengo planes para conseguir trabajo y mi propio
departamento.
Ah, No vas a ir a vivir a tu casa?
No, no quiero vivir con mis padres - no despus de que
comience a trabajar..
Ya s lo que quieres decir.
Y t, Alex? Ya tienes algn plan?
Voy a conseguir trabajo y vivir en casa. Estoy sin dinero
y quiero terminar de pagar mi prstamo estudiantil.

INTERMEDIO Lesson 1 Immigrants to the United States

Where were you born?
Dnde naciste?
I was born in South America.
Nac en Sudamrica.
Were you born in Brazil?
Naciste en Brasil?
No, I wasn't. I was born in Argentina.
No. Nac en Argentina.
Where did you grow up?
Dnde te criaste?
I grew up in Buenos Aires.
Me cri en Buenos Aires.
When did you move here?
Cundo te mudaste aqu?
I moved here eight years ago, Me mud aqu hace ocho aos
when
cuando estaba en la escuela
I was in high school.
secundaria.
Sandra:

Could you tell me a little about yourself?

Where were you born?
Mario:
I was born in South Korea.
Sandra: Did you grow up there?
Mario:
No, l didn't. I grew up in Canada.
Diana: Did you study English when you were a child?
Leo:
Yes, I did.
Diana: How old were you when you began to study
English?
Leo:
l was eleven years old.
Officer:
Yu Hong:
Officer:
Yu Hong:
Officer:
Yu Hong:
Officer:
Yu Hong:
Officer:
Yu Hong:

Officer:
Ajay:
Officer:
Ajay:
Officer:
Ajay:
Officer:
Ajay:

Did you learn Spanish in

high school?
No, I didn't. I studied it in
college.
Did you go to college in
California?
Yes, I did. I went to
college in Los Angeles.
Monica:
Chris:

Where are you from originally, Yu Hong?

I'm from China, from near Shanghai.
And when did you move here?
I came here after I graduated from college. That was in
1992.
And what do you do now?
I'm a transportation engineer.
I see. So you're immigrant to the United States.
Yes, that's right.
What are some of the difficulties of being an
immigrant in the U.S.?
Oh, that's not an easy question to answer. There are
so many things, really.
I guess one of the biggest difficulties is that I don't
have any relatives here. I mean,
I have a lot of friends, but that's not the same
thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit
relatives. It isn't the same here.
Where are you from, Ajay?
I'm from India.
And when did you move to the U.S.?
It was in 1991.
Are you studying here at the moment?
Not now. I came here as a student and graduated two
years ago. I'm working as a computer technician.
And what was it like when you first came here? Was it
difficult?
Yeah, it was at times. The main difficulty I had was with
the educational system. Things are very different here ...
teaching methods. Everything is very different from what I
was used to in India.

Aprendiste espaol en la
escuela secundaria?
No. Lo estudi en la
universidad.
Fuiste a la universidad en
California?
As es. Fui a la universidad
en Los Angeles.

Where did you go to high school?

I went to high school in Ecuador.

De dnde eres, Yu Hong?

Soy de China, cerca de Shanghai.
Y cundo te mudaste aqu?
Vine aqu despus que me gradu en la universidad.
Eso fue en 1992.
Y qu haces ahora?
Soy ingeniera en transportes.
Ya veo. Es decir que eres inmigrante en los E.E.U.U.
S, as es.
Cules son algunas de las dificultades de ser un
inmigrante en los E.E.U.U.?
Ah, no es una pregunta fcil de responder. Realmente
hay tantas cosas. Creo que una de las mayores
dificultades es que no tengo parientes aqu. Quiero
decir, tengo muchos amigos, pero no es la misma cosa.
En China, en vacaciones o en el fin de semana,
visitamos a los parientes. No ocurre lo mismo aqu.
De dnde eres, Ajay?
Soy de India.
Y cundo te mudaste a los E.E.U.U.?
Fue en 1991.
Ests estudiando aqu actualmente?
Ahora no. Vine aqu como estudiante y me gradu hace
dos aos. Estoy trabajando como tcnico en
computacin.
Y cmo te fue cuando llegaste por primera vez? Fue
problemtico?
S, por momentos. La principal dificultad que tuve fue
con el sistema educativo. Las cosas son muy diferentes
aqu ... los mtodos de enseanza. Todo es muy
diferente a lo que estaba acostumbrado en India.

I'm not used to sleep with clothes

I'm not used to eating beans
I'm used to writing text messages

I'm used to getting up at twelve o'clock

I'm used to going out with my boyfriend

LESSON 2 CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Recuerdos de la infancia

Ted: Oh, I'm really sorry. Are you OK?
Ana: I'm fine. But I'm not very good at this.
Ted: Neither am I. Say, are you from South America?
Ana: Yes, I am, originally. I was born in Argentina.
Ted: Did you grow up there?
Ana: Yes, I did. But my family moved here eight years ago,
when I was in high school.
Ted: And where did you learn to Rollerblade?
Ana: Here in the park. This is only my second time.
Ted: Well, it's my first time. Can you give me some lessons?
Ana: Sure. Just follow me.
Ted: By the way, my name is Ted.
Ana: And I'm Ana. Nice to meet you.
Luis:
Marcia:
Luis:
Marcia:

Luis:

Epa, lo siento mucho. Te encuentras bien?

Estoy bien. Pero no soy muy buena en esto..
Tampoco yo. Dime, Eres de Sudamrica?
S, lo soy de origen. Nac en Argentina.
Te criaste all?
As es. Pero mi familia se mud aqu hace ocho aos,
cuando estaba en la escuela secundaria.
Y dnde aprendiste a patinar?
Aqu en el parque. Esta es apenas mi segunda vez.
Bueno, es mi primera vez. Puedes darme unas lecciones?
Claro. Sgueme.
A propsito, mi nombre es Ted.
Y yo soy Ana. Encantada de conocerte.

Hey! Are these pictures of you when you were a kid?

Yeah. That's me in front of my uncle's beach house.
When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there
every summer.
Wow, I bet that was fun!
Yeah. We always had a great time. Every day we used to
get up early and walk along the beach. I had a great
shell collection. In fact, I think it's still up in the attic!
Hey, I used to collect shells, too, when I was a kid. But
my parents threw them out!

USED TO - BE USED TO >> EXPLICACIONES GENERALES

Ofrecemos por separado ambas gramticas porque --aunque
parezcan similares-- son dos estructuras diferentes. Te lo
explicamos aqu:
1) I USED TO = yo sola, yo acostumbraba a.
Se usa para hablar de tu pasado, de algo que "solas hacer"
(cuando nio, por ejemplo) pero que ya no haces ms.
2) I AM USED TO = yo estoy acostumbrado a.
Se usa para hablar generalmente de tu presente, de algo que
"sueles hacer" (hoy en da, por ejemplo).
ejemplos:
1) When I was a child I used to walk along this avenue. [sola
caminar]
2) I am used to walking, so I walk from work to my house every
day. [estoy acostumbrado a caminar]
PARTE I
COSTUMBRE O HABITO EN EL PASADO
USED TO (sola, acostumbraba a)
Observa esta estructura gramatical: Subject + USED TO + verb
Robert used to live in the country.
(Roberto sola vivir en el campo)
REGLAS BASICAS:
1) Puedes utilizar la forma infinitiva sin "to" del verbo BE despus del
sujeto pero no puedes utilizar las
formas was, were, been o being del mismo verbo. Ejemplos:

Ehh! Estas fotos son de cuando eras nia?

As es. Esa soy yo frente a la casa de playa de mi to. Cuando
era nia solamos pasar dos semanas all todos los veranos.
Vaya, Apuesto que fue divertido!
Es cierto. Siempre nos divertimos mucho. Todos los das
solamos levantarnos temprano y caminar por la playa. Yo
tena una gran coleccin de caracolas. En realidad, creo que
todava est arriba en el desvn!
Ehh, yo acostumbraba a coleccionar caracolas tambin cuando
era nio. Pero mis padres las tiraron (desecharon)!

MEMORIZANDO
Tienes que recordar que son dos estructuras diferentes:
a) En la primera (I used to walk) la forma verbal es USED TO y se
utiliza nicamente en pasado y no lleva nunca el verbo BE.
b) La segunda (I am used to walking) lleva siempre el
verbo BE delante de USED TO.
ANALIZANDO SITUACIONES
Desde luego, si desde nio sigues teniendo (y no has perdido) el
hbito de caminar, no podrs decir:
I used to walk when I was a child.
(Sola caminar cuando era nio)
En ese caso, tendrs que expresarlo de este otro modo:
I am used to walking since I was a child.
(Estoy acostumbrado a caminar desde que era nio).
PARTE II
CONCLUSIONES LOGICAS
Observa estas 3 estructuras gramaticales:
a) Subject + MUST HAVE + participle + past time
There's a message on the machine. Monica must have
called last night.
(Hay un mensaje en el contestador. Mnica debe haber llamado
anoche)

I used to be a waiter when I was young. << correcto

I used to was a waiter when I was young. << incorrecto

b) Subject + MUST BE > ing form + present time

I used to be a waiter three years ago. << correcto

I used to was a waiter three years ago. << incorrecto
2) Es incorrecto utilizar la forma bsica o comn del verbo use (usar).
BE USED TO (estar acostumbrado a)
Ahora presta atencin a esta otra estructura: Subject + BE + USED
TO > ING form
Robert was used to living in the country
(Roberto estaba acostumbrado a vivir en el campo)
REGLAS BASICAS:
1) Si utilizas el verbo BE despus de be used to, el verbo debe llevar
el formatobeing. Ejemplos:
I was used to being a waiter when I was young. << correcto
I was used to be a waiter when I was young. << incorrecto

2. Con estos verbos no se usa DO ni DOES para el

interrogativo.
Can Lucy sing in French? Puede (sabe) cantar Lucy
en francs?
Should I go home now? Debera irme a casa ahora?
3. Con estos verbos no se usa DON'T ni DOESN'T
para el negativo. Simplemente se agrega NOT o N'T.
I would not (wouldn't) like to be a teacher. No me
gustara ser maestro/a.
You must not (mustn't) steal. No debes robar.
Para el negativo con WILL (will + not) se prefiere usar
la contraccin WON'T.
It won't rain tomorrow. No llover maana.

Monica's father is ill in bed. She must call often.

(El padre de Mnica est enfermo. Ella debe llamar seguido)
Te das cuenta de la diferencia? Una observacin en el
presente puede servir de base para una extraer una conclusin
acerca de algo que ocurri en el pasado.
Por ejemplo, "There is a message on my answering
machine" (Hay un mensaje en mi contestador). Puede
deducirse que "my friend must have called last night" (mi
amiga debe haber llamado anoche).

REGLAS BASICAS:
1) No utilices con esta estructura should o can en lugar
de must.
3) Es incorrecto utilizar un verbo comn en lugar de have +
participio cuando te refieres a un hecho del pasado.
EJEMPLOS:
Incorrect: The streets are wet; it should have rained.
Correct: The streets are wet; it must have rained last
night.
(Las calles estn mojadas. Debe haber llovido
anoche)
EXPRESANDO OBLIGACION
Observa las siguientes oraciones:
- We have to know daily what the prices are.
Tenemos que conocer a diario cules son los precios.
- Every day Robinson has to fax his opinion on the politics.
Todos los das Robinson tiene que faxear su opinin sobre la poltica.
En ambos ejemplos el verbo modal have to se usa para expresar una
obligacin. Pero no todos los niveles de obligacin tienen la misma
intensidad. Para expresar diferentes Grados de Obligacin, puedes utilizar
los siguientes verbos modales:
obligacion
obligacion moderada ausencia de
o necesidad
o consejo
obligacin necesidad
have to
should / shouldn't
don't have to
must / mustn't
ought to
needn't
need to
don't need to
Es importante destacar que habitualmente existe una marcada diferencia
entre must y have to (que los hispanohablantes suelen no tener en
cuenta):
a) MUST se usa para hablar acerca de lo que nosotros consideramos
que es importante:
I must finish this today. (I would like to start working on the new project
tomorrow)
Debo terminar esto hoy. (Me gustara comenzar a trabajar en el nuevo
proyecto maana).
b) HAVE TO se usa preferentemente para hablar acerca de una
obligacin impuesta desde afuera, externa a nosotros.
I have to attend a meeting. (The boss has asked me to attend the meeting).

2) No utilices un verbo sin ing form despus de to.

3) Es incorrecto utilizar la forma bsica o comn del verbo use (usar).
EJEMPLOS:
Incorrect: I used to was studying at Buenos Aires University.
Correct: I used to study at Buenos Aires University.
(Sola estudiar en la Universidad de Buenos Aires)
I was used to studying at Buenos Aires University.
(Estaba acostumbrado/a a estudiar en la Universidad de
Buenos Aires)
VERBOS MODALES
Los siguientes verbos son auxiliares modales:
CAN COULD MIGHT MUST SHALL SHO
ULD WILL WOULD.
Los verbos modales comparten ciertas caractersticas.
Observa:
1. Estos verbos "ayudan" a otros verbos a conjugarse.
La forma del verbo es INFINITIVO SIN "TO".
She can drive. Ella puede (sabe) conducir.
I must get my hair cut. Debo hacerme cortar el pelo.

The phone is ringing. Monica must be calling now.

(Est sonando el telfono. Mnica debe estar llamando)
c) Subject + MUST + verb + repeated time

Tengo que asistir a una reunin. (El jefe me pidi que asistiese a la
reunin).
Finalmente, observa ahora los diferentes significados que tienen las
formas negativas de must y have to:
a) Usamos MUSTN'T para indicar que es importante no hacer algo,
por ejemplo, por estar prohibido:
You mustn't tell Monica about this. (Don't tell her)
No debes comentarle a Mnica acerca de esto. (No le comentes).
b) Usamos DON'T HAVE TO para indicar que no hay obligacin de
hacer algo, es decir, puedes hacerlo si lo deseas, pero no es
5. La mayora de los verbos auxiliares modales se
necesario:
refieren al presente y al futuro. CAN es el nico modal
You don't have to tell Lisa. (You can tell her if you want to, but it isn't
que tiene pasado directo = COULD (pude, pudo, poda, necessary)
saba). Observa:
No tienes que comentrselo a Lisa. (Puedes comentrselo si lo deseas,
I could swim when I was three. Yo poda (saba)
pero
nadar cuando tena tres aos.
no es necesario).
MUST BE:
PAST TENSE: MUST HAVE / CAN'T HAVE
Utilizamos MUST para indicar que "estamos seguros de que algo es verdad".
Para el pasado -y esta es la parte gramatical que
Ms ejemplos:
ms nos interesa en esta explicacin1) Lucy, you've been traveling all day. You must be tired.
utilizamos MUST HAVE (DONE) y CAN'T HAVE
(= I am sure that you are tired.)
(DONE).
Luca, has estado viajando todo el da. Debes estar cansada.
Analiza cuidadosamente esta situacin-ejemplo:
(= Estoy seguro/a [no me caben dudas] de que ests cansada).
We went to Roy's house last night and rang
2) Your exams are next week. You must be studying very hard right now.
the doorbell. There was no answer. He must
(= I am sure that you are studying.)
have gone out (otherwise he would have
Tus exmenes son la semana prxima. Debes estar estudiando mucho ahora. answered). (Debi haber salido; de lo contrario,
(= Estoy seguro/a [no me caben dudas] de que ests estudiando).
habra contestado).
3) Manuel knows a lot about films. He must like to go to the movies.
Ms ejemplos:
(= I am sure he likes to go to the movies.)
1) The phone rang, but I didn't hear it. I must
Manuel sabe mucho de pelculas. Debe gustarle ir al cine.
have been asleep.
(= Estoy seguro/a [no me caben dudas] de que le gusta ir al cine).
Son el telfono pero no lo oi. Deb haberme
quedado dormido.
CAN'T BE
2) I made a lot of noise when I came home.
Utilizamos CAN'T para indicar que "creemos que algo es imposible".
You must have heard me.
Observa este ejemplo:
Hice mucho ruido cuando llegu a casa. Debes
You've just had dinner. You can't be hungry already.
haberme odo.
(= It is impossible that you are hungry.)
3) She passed me on the street without
Acabas de cenar. No es posible que ya tengas hambre.
speaking. She can't have seen me. Ella pas a
(= Es imposible que tengas hambre).
mi lado en la calle sin hablarme. No me debe
Analiza ahora estas 4 estructuras gramaticales con MUST BE y CAN'T BE: haber visto.
4. El formato verbal es idntico para todas las
personas. No se agrega -S o -ES a las tres terceras
personas del singular (he, she, it).
He can dance very well. l puede (sabe) bailar muy
bien.
She should try harder. Ella debera esforzarse ms.
It will rain very soon. Llover muy pronto.

You/he/they must be thirsty/hungry, etc.

(Debes tener/Debe tener/Deben tener sed/hambre, etc).
You/he/they can't be thirsty/hungry, etc.
(Es imposible que t tengas/l tengas/ellos tengan sed/hambre, etc).
You/he/they must be studying/waiting/coming, etc.
(Debes estar/Debe estar/Deben estar estudiando, esperando, por venir, etc).

SHOULD HAVE
Analiza cuidadosamente esta situacin-ejemplo
para expresar "sugerencia o consejo":
Why did you leave that message on Monica's
answering machine? Shenever checks her
messages. You should have talked to her
instead.
(Deberas haber hablado personalmente con ella
en lugar de dejarle un mensaje. Mnica jams
revisa los mensajes de su contestador telefnico).

You/he/they can't be studying/waiting/coming, etc.

(Es imposible que t ests/l est/ellos estn estudiando, esperando, por venir,
etc)
Sonia: Why is there never a bus when you want one?
Por qu nunca hay un autobs cuando lo necesitas?
Mark: Good question. There aren't enough buses on this route.
Buena pregunta. No hay suficientes autobuses en esta
ruta.
Sonia: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.
A veces tengo ganas de escribir una carta al diario.

Mark:

Good idea. You should say that we need more subway lines,
too.
Sonia: Yeah. There should be more public transportation in general.

Buena idea. Deberas decir tambin que necesitamos ms

lneas de subterrneo.
As es. Debera haber ms transporte pblico en todo
sentido.
Mark: And fewer cars! There's too much traffic.
Y menos automviles! Hay demasiado trnsito.
Sonia: Say, is that our bus coming?
Dime, se que viene es nuestro autobs?
Mark: Yes, it is. But look. It's full!!
S, lo es. Pero observa. Est repleto!!
Sonia: Oh, no!! Let's go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about
Oh, no!! Vamos a tomar una taza de caf. Podemos
this letter I'm going to write.
conversar sobre esta carta que pienso escribir.
Mark:
So, are you really going to write a letter to the paper?
Entonces, piensas realmente escribir una carta al diario?
Sonia:
Sure. I'm going to say something about thebuses. They Claro. Voy a decir algo acerca de los autobuses.
are too old!! We need more modern buses, nice airSon demasiado antiguos!! Necesitamos autobuses ms
conditioned ones.
modernos, que estn bien climatizados.
Mark:
And they need to put more buses on the road!!
Y tienen que poner ms autobuses en la calle!!
Sonia:
Right. And there are too many cars downtown. And
Exacto. Y hay demasiados automviles en el centro. Y no
there isn't enough parking.
hay suficiente estacionamiento.
Mark:
That's for sure. It's impossible to find a
Con toda seguridad. Es imposible encontrar un lugar para
parking space downtownthese days.
estacionar en el centro, hoy da.
Sonia:
I think they should ban private cars downtownbetween
Pienso que deberan prohibir (el ingreso) de autos en el centro
9 and 5.
entre las 9 y las 5.
Mark:
Oh, you may mention not to allow any cars except taxis Ah, puedes mencionar que no permitan ningn tipo de
and buses during the regular work day. Hmm. That
automvil excepto taxis y autobuses durante el horario habitual
sounds like a really good idea!!
de trabajo. Hmm. Realmente parece una buena idea!!
WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS
CON SUSTANTIVOS
WITH UNCOUNTABLE
CON SUSTANTIVOS NO
CONTABLES.
NOUNS
CONTABLES.
There are too many cars.
Hay demasiados
There is too much traffic.
Hay demasiado trnsito.
There aren't enough buses.
automviles.
There isn't enough parking.
No hay suficiente
We need more subway lines.
No hay suficientes
We need more public
estacionamiento.
There should be fewer cars.
autobuses.
transportation.
Necesitamos ms transporte
Necesitamos ms lneas
There should be less pollution. pblico.
de subterrneo.
Debera haber menos
Debera haber menos
polucin.
autos.
Diana: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bank is?
Disculpe. Podra decirme dnde est el banco?
Man:
There's one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.
Hay uno arriba, enfrente de la tienda libre de impuestos.
Diana: Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opens?
Oh, gracias. Sabe a qu hora abre?
Man:
It should be open now. It opens at 8:00 a.m.
Debera estar abierto ahora. Abre a las 8 de la maana.
Diana: Good. And can you tell me how often the buses leave for
Bien. Y puede decirme con qu frecuencia salen los
the city?
autobuses para la ciudad?
Man:
You need to check at the transportation counter.
Tiene que consultarlo en el mostrador de transportes.
It's right down the hall.
Est abajo en la entrada.
Diana: OK. And just one more thing. Do you know where the
De acuerdo. Y slo una cosa ms. Sabe dnde est el
nearest restroom is?
bao ms cercano?
Man:
Right behind you, ma'am. See that sign?
Exactamente detrs suyo, seora. Ve ese cartel?
Diana: Oh. Thanks a lot!!
Oh. Muchsimas gracias!!
Lesion 4 I wish I could retire now Ojal pudiera retirarme ahora
bright
quiet
spacious
brand new
convenient
alegre
tranquilo
amplio
flamante
bien ubicado
dingy
noisy
cramped
shabby
inconvenient
deprimente
ruidoso
estrecho
en mal estado mal ubicado
safe
huge
light
modern
reasonable
seguro
enorme
luminoso
moderno
razonable
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
=/=
dangerous
small
dark
old
expensive
peligroso
pequeo
oscuro
antiguo
costoso

EVALUATIONS WITH
ADJECTIVES
The kitchen isn't big enough.
The living room is too small.
COMPARISONS WITH
ADJECTIVES
It's not as cheap
as the last apartment.
It's almost as cheap
(as the last apartment).

EVALUACIONES CON ADJETIVOS

EVALUATIONS WITH
NOUNS
La cocina no es lo suficientemente
There aren't
grande.
enough bedrooms.
La sala de estar es demasiado
There isn't enough closet
pequea.
space.
COMPARACIONES CON
COMPARISONS WITH NOUNS
ADJETIVOS
No es tan barato
It doesn't have as many bedrooms
como el departamento anterior.
as the last apartment.
Es casi tan barato
It has just as many bedrooms
(como el departamento anterior).
(as the last apartment).

Mr.
Den:
Mrs.
Den:

What do you think?

Qu opinan?

Well, it has just as many

bedrooms as the last
apartment. And the living
room is huge.

Molly:

But the bedrooms are too

small. And there isn't
enough closet space for
my clothes.

Mr.
Den:

And it's not as cheap as

the last apartment we saw.

Mrs.
Den:

But that apartment was

dark and dingy. And it
was in a dangerous
neighborhood.

Mr.
Den:

Let's see if the real estate

agent has something else
to show us.

Bueno, tiene tantos

dormitorios como el
ltimo departamento.
Y la sala de estar es
enorme.
Pero los dormitorios
son demasiado
pequeos. Y no
hay espacio suficiente
para guardar mis
ropas.
Y no es tan barato
como el ltimo
departamento que
vimos.
Pero ese
departamento era
oscuro y deprimente.
Y estaba en un barrio
peligroso.
Veamos si el agente
inmobiliario tiene algo
ms
para mostrarnos.

Mr.
Den:
Molly:

Mrs.
Den:

S, son bonitos y grandes.

Molly:

And there are two

bathrooms. I can have
my own bathroom!!

Y hay dos cuartos de bao.

Puedo tener mi propio
cuarto de bao!!

Mrs.
Den:

Yes, I guess you could.

As es, supongo que s.

Molly:

The only problem is the

color of the living room.
I really dont like those
dark green walls.
Oh, Im sure we can
change the color if we
want to.

El nico problema es el color

de la sala de estar.
Realmente no me gustan
esas paredes verde oscuro.
Ah, estoy seguro que
podemos cambiar el color,
si lo deseamos.

Mr.
Den:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Well, how did you like

this place then?
Oh, its much better than
the other one. The thing
I like best is the
bedrooms.
They are huge!!
Yes, they are nice and
big.

EVALUACIONES CON
SUSTANTIVOS
No hay suficientes
dormitorios.
No hay suficiente espacio
para guardar.
COMPARACIONES CON
SUSTANTIVOS
No tiene tantos dormitorios
como el departamento anterior.
Tiene tantos (la misma cantidad
de) dormitorios (como el
departamento anterior).
Bien, qu les pareci este
lugar entonces?
Ah, es mucho mejor que
el otro. Lo que ms me
gusta son los dormitorios.
Son enormes!!

The rooms are TOO DARK. (Las habitaciones son DEMASIADO OSCURAS)
The living room is TOO CRAMPED for the family. (La sala de estar es DEMASIADO ESTRECHA para la familia)
The bathroom isN'T MODERN ENOUGH. (El bao NO es SUFICIENTEMENTE MODERNO)
The yard is TOO SMALL for the children. (El patio es DEMASIADO PEQUEO para los nios)
The street isN'T QUIET ENOUGH for us. (La calle NO es SUFICIENTEMENTE SILENCIOSA para nosotros)
The neighborhood isN'T SAFE ENOUGH. (El barrio NO es SUFICIENTEMENTE SEGURO)
The kitchen is TOO INCONVENIENT. (La cocina es DEMASIADO INCOMODA o MAL UBICADA

Brian:
Terry:
Brian:
Terry:
Brian:

So, where are you working now, Terry?

Oh, I'm still at the bank. I don't like it, though.
That's too bad. Why not?
Well, it's boring, and it doesn't pay very well.
I know what you mean. I don't like my job either. I wish I
could find a better job.

Y dnde ests trabajando ahora, Terry?

Oh, todava estoy en el banco. No me gusta para nada.
Qu lstima. Por qu no?
Bueno, es aburrido y no pagan muy bien.
Entiendo lo que quieres decir. A mi tampoco me gusta mi
trabajo. Ojal pudiera encontrar un puesto de trabajo mejor.

Terry:

Actually, I don't want to work at all anymore. I wish

La verdad, ya no quiero continuar trabajando. Ojal tuviera
I had a lot of money so I could retire now.
mucho dinero as podra retirarme ahora.
Brian: Hmm, how old are you, Terry?
Hmm, cuntos aos tienes,Terry?
Terry: Uh, twenty-six.
Eh, veintiseis.
Brian: So, how are things going with you and Suzie?
Y cmo andan las cosas contigo y Suzie?
Terry: Oh, you didn't know? She and I broke up a couple of
Oh, no sabas? Rompimos nuestra relacin hace un par
months ago. We decided we needed a break from each
de meses. Decidimos que necesitbamos un descanso
other for a while. But, I miss her a lot!! I wish we could get
mutuamente por un tiempo. Pero, la extrao muchsimo!!
back together again.
Ojal pudiramos volver a estar juntos nuevamente.
Brian: I'm sure you will.
Estoy seguro que as ser.
Terry: I really hope so.
As lo espero.
Lesson 5 My favorite snack Mi refuerzo favorite
crispy
rich
bland delicious to bake
to roast
to grill
to broil
crocante pesado soso
exquisito Cocinar en horno Asar en asador
Asar sobre parrilla Asar en horno
healthy greasy spicy
salty
to fry
to marinate
to steam
to boil
sano
graso picante
salado
Freir en sartn
Marinar en bol
Cocinar al vapor
Hervir en cacerola
Caroline:

Hey, this sounds good - snails with garlic!! Have you

ever eaten snails?
Arthur:
No, I haven't.
Caroline: Oh, they're delicious!! I had them last time.Like to try
some?
Arthur:
No, thanks. They sound strange.
Waitress: Have you decided on an appetizer yet?
Caroline: Yes. I'll have the snails, please.
Waitress: And you, sir?
Arthur:
I think I'll have the fried brains.
Caroline: Fried brains? Now that really sounds strange!!
Caroline:

Ehh, esto suena interesante: caracoles con ajo!! Has

comido caracoles alguna vez?
No, para nada.
Oh, son deliciosos!! Los ped la ltima vez.
Quieres probar algunos?
No, gracias. Me suenan extraos.
Ya se han decidido por el aperitivo?
S. Comer los caracoles,por favor.
Y usted, seor?
Creo que comer los sesos fritos.
Sesos fritos? Eso s que suena extrao!

Oh, good. Here comes the waitress now.

Bien. Aqu viene la

camarera.
Waitress: Here are your snails, madam. And for you, sir, the fried
Aqu estn sus caracoles, seora. Y para usted, seor,
brains.
los sesos fritos.
Arthur:
Thank you.
Gracias.
Caroline: Mmm. These snails are delicious!! How are the brains?
Mmm. Estos caracoles estn deliciosos!! Cmo estn los
sesos?
Arthur:
Well, I think they ... Yuck!! Ugh!! Sorry, I guess brains are Bueno, creo que ... Puajj!! Ajj!! Disclpame, me parece que
pretty strange after all. Oh, I think I'm going to order
los sesos son muy extraos al fin y al cabo. Ah, creo que voy
something else, if you don't mind.
a pedir otra cosa, si no te molesta.
Caroline: Oh, sure. Go ahead.
Cmo no. Adelante.
Arthur:
Miss!! Excuse me ... Miss!!
Seorita!! Disculpe ... Seorita!!
Waitress: Yes.
S.
Arthur:
Hmm. I really don't care for this appetizer. Could you
Hmm. Realmente no me gusta este aperitivo. Podra traerme
bring me something else?
alguna otra cosa?
Waitress: Yes, of course. What would you like instead?
S, por supuesto. Qu le gustara en reemplazo?
Caroline: Try the snails.
Prueba los caracoles.
Arthur:
No, I don't think so. I'll tell you what. Just forget an
No, no me parece. Le dir qu. Olvdese del aperitivo para m
appetizer for me and bring me a nice juicy hamburger y trigame una buena y jugosa hamburguesa - a punto - con
medium rare - with french fries ... and a large soda!!
papas fritas ... y una gaseosa grande!!
I had them = I ate them (los ped, los com)
to decide on = to decide about (decidirse por)
Like to try? = Would you like to try? (Quieres probarlos?) Uso
I don't care for = I'm not interested in (no me gusta. no me
informal sin el auxiliar DO.
interesa)
I think = I guess (creo, pienso que)
try = take a sample of (probar)
pretty strange = very strange (muy extrao, fuera de lo comn)
Paola: What's your favorite snack?
Teddy: Oh, it's a sandwich with peanut butter, honey, and
a banana. It's really delicious!!

Cul es tu refuerzo favorito?

Oh, es un emparedado con manteca de man, miel y una
banana. Es realmente exquisito!!

Paola: Ugh!! I've never heard of that!! How do you make it?
Teddy: Well, first, you take two slices of bread and spread
peanut butter on them. Then cut a banana into small
pieces and put them on one of the slices of bread.
Finally, pour some honey over the bananas and put the
other slice of bread on top. Yum!!
Paola: Yuck!! It sounds awful!! I'll tell you what ... My favorite
snack is baked apple.
Teddy: Baked apple?
Paola: Aha. It's delicious. And healthy.
Teddy: So, how do you make it?
Paola: You take up the core of
the apple with an apple corer. Then, you fill the center of
the apple with brown sugar and some raisins. Next, put
it in a pan with a little water and bake it in the oven for
about forty-five minutes.
Teddy Mmm. That does sound good!!

Ajjj!! Jams escuch eso!! Cmo lo preparas?

Bien, primero tomas dos rodajas de pan y las untas con
manteca de man. Luego cortas una banana en trozos
pequeos y los pones sobre una de las rodajas de pan.
Finalmente agregas algo de miel sobre las bananas y pones
la otra rodaja de pan encima. Adentro!!
Puajjj!! Parece espantoso!! Te dir ... Mi refuerzo favorito
es la manzana asada.
Manzana asada?
As es. Es deliciosa. Y sana.
Y cmo la preparas?
Extraes el centro de la manzana con un quitasemillas para
manzanas. Luego rellenas el centro de la manzana con
azcar morena y algunas pasas de uva. A continuacin, la
pones en una asadera con un poco de agua y la cocinas en
el horno durante cuarenta y cinco minutos.
Mmm. Eso parece realmente bueno!!

MUSHROOM OMELET: My Grandmom's Best Recipe

FIRST, slice the mushrooms. PRIMERO, corta en rebanadas los championes.
THEN, beat the eggs in a bowl LUEGO, bate los huevos en un bol.
NEXT, add salt and pepper to the egg mixture. CONTINUACION, agrega sal y pimienta a la mezcla de
huevo.
AFTER THAT, pour the eggs into a frying pan. DESPUES, vuelca los huevos en una sartn .
Add the mushrooms and cook. Agrega los championes y cocina.
FINALLY, fold the omelet in half ... and enjoy it. FINALMENTE, dobla el omelet por la mitad ... y buen
provecho.
Your omelet is ready!! Tu omelet est listo!!
ESTUDIAR!!!
1. My job is so stressful. I don't like it at all ...
3.I work too much and I don't have any free time ...
I wish (that) I could get a different job. or
I wish that) I could enjoy life more. or
I wish I got a different job.
I wish I enjoyed life more.
2. I live downtown and the neighborhood is too noisy ...
4. My new French teacher is so boring ...
I wish (that) I could move to a quiet place. or
I wish my teacher were more interesting.
I wish I moved to a quiet place.
LECCION 6 visiting the big Apple
hiker
backpack
mochilero
mochila
sleeping bag
vaccination
bolsa de dormir
vacuna
take
long walks
sailing lessons
a short vacation

rent
a camper
a car
a condominium

visa
visa
medication
medicamentos
go
camping
swimming
on vacation

Linda: So, what are you planning to do for your vacation,

Judy?
Judy: Oh, I'm doing something really exotic this year. You
know, I went to the wild last year and just stayed on a
beach for two weeks. This year I'm going white-water
rafting.
Linda: Oh, that sounds great!! But, what is it exactly?
Judy: Oh, would you know, it's in Colorado, they have abyss
trips down the rapids, the water gets really rough... I

windbreaker
rompevientos
first-aid kit
botiqun
catch up on
my studying
my reading
my homework

hiking boots
botas
camper
casa rodante
do
some fishing
lots of hiking
something exciting

visit
a foreign country
my relatives
a museum

Bueno, que ests planeando hacer durante tus

vacaciones, Judy?
Oh, voy a a hacer algo extico este ao. Sabes, fui a la
selva el ao pasado y simplemente
me qued en una playa dos semanas. Este ao voy a
navegar en balsa por los rpidos.
Oh, parece fantstico!! Pero, qu es exactamente?
Oh, mira, esto queda en Colorado, all tienen viajes de
inmersin por los rpidos, el agua se pone realmente

think it will be really exciting. Oh, I'm doing some rock

climbing, too.
Linda: And you call that "a vacation"?
Linda
:
Paul:

Linda
:
Paul:

Man:

What are your

plans for the
summer, Paul?
Oh, I'd love to go
and lie on a beach
somewhere. But I
need to save some
money for school. I
think I'll stay home
and get a job.
That doesn't sound
like much fun!!
Oh, it won't be too
bad. Some of my
friends are going to
work this summer,
too, so we'll do
some parties in on
the weekends.

Cules son tus planes

para el verano, Paul?

ed:

Oh, me encantara ir a
tirarme a una playa en
alguna parte. Pero
necesito ahorrar dinero
para la escuela. Creo que
me quedar en casa y
buscar un trabajo.
Eso no parece ser muy
divertido!!
Oh, no es tan lamentable.
Algunos de mis amigos
van a trabajar este verano
tambin,
as que haremos algunas
fiestas los fines de
semana.

Br
en
da:

What should people do to make their visit to New

York City safe and pleasant?

brava... Creo que va a ser muy emocionante. Ah, voy a

escalar rocas tambin..
Y llamas a eso "estar de vacaciones"?
Have you planned
anything for the summer,
Brenda?
Yeah. I'm going to work
the first month and save
some money. Then I'm
going to go down to
Mexico for six weeks to
stay with my sister. She's
working in Guadalajara.
She says it's really
interesting there. So,
I want to go and see what
it is like. It will also give
me a chance to practise
my Spanish. I'm really
looking forward to it!!

Has hecho algunos planes

para el verano, Brenda?
As es. Voy a trabajar durante
el primer mes y ahorrar dinero.
Luego voy a ir a Mxico
durante seis semanas a
quedarme con mi hermana.
Ella est trabajando en
Guadalajara. Dice que es
realmente interesante all. De
modo que quiero ir a ver cmo
es el lugar. Esto me dar
tambin una oportunidad para
practicar mi espaol. Estoy
esperando ansiosamente ese
momento!!

Qu debera tener en cuenta

la gente para que su visita a Nueva York sea segura y
agradable?
Woman: I think the biggest mistake many people make is
Creo que el mayor error que mucha gente comete es tratar de
trying to do too much in a short time. There's so
hacer mucho en muy poco tiempo. Hay tanto para ver y hacer
much to see and do that you need to have a plan.
que es necesario que usted tenga un plan. Es preferible que
It's best to start planning before you get here, so
empiece a planificar antes de llegar aqu, de modo que usted
you have information about hotels, restaurants,
tenga la informacin de hoteles, restaurantes, turismo, etc.
sightseeing, and so on. Visitors can use our
Los turistas pueden utilizar nuestro sitio de Internet para extraer
website to get the information they need to start
toda la informacin que necesitan para comenzar a planificar
planning before they come here.
antes de venir aqu.
Man:
How safe is New York City for tourists?
Cmo es de segura Nueva York para los turistas?
Woman: New York is a much safer place than many people Nueva York es un lugar mucho ms seguro de lo que mucha
think. In fact, it's the safest it's been in thirty years. gente cree. En verdad, tiene la estadstica ms segura de los
ltimos treinta aos.
Man:
Oh, that's good to hear!!
Ah, es bueno or eso!!
Woman: Yes, but that doesn't mean that people don't have
S, pero esto no significa que la gente no deba ser cuidadosa.
to
Los turistas en Nueva York tienen que tener cuidado. Como en
be careful. Tourists in New York are to be careful.
cualquier gran ciudad del mundo. Para los estudiantes, sugiero
Just like in any big city in the world. For students, I "Viajen en grupo". Si se pierden, como grupo es ms
will say "Travel in groups". If you get lost, it's
fcil ubicarse. Francamente no debera largarse por su
easier as a group to find your way. You really
cuenta si usted encuentra a alguien que le acompae.
shouldn't go off on your own if you can find
Otra cosa para recordar es, "No tema. Pida instrucciones".
someone to go with you. Another thing to
Aunque su ingls sea imperfecto. A menudo la gente me detiene
remember is, "Don't be afraid. Ask for direction".
en la calle para pedirme ayuda. Y eso no slo ocurre con
Even is your English is imperfect.
vistantes extranjeros. Los turistas norteamericanos a menudo
People often stop me on the street to ask for

direction. And that's not only foreign visitors.

American visitors often have trouble finding their
way around. And you'll find New Yorkers are really
very friendly.
Man:
Yes, I agree. We are.
Woman: Aha.
Man:
Is there any other advice you can give visitors to
the Big Apple?
Woman: Well, another thing to remember is not to leave
anything valuable in your car, if you have one.
Don't leave suitcases on the back seat where
people can see them. Most cars are very easy to
get into, so it's not worth the risk. But most people
have a great time when they come to New York.
And you will, too, if you use your common sense.
spokeperson (vocero o representante masculino
o femenino);spokeman (representante
masculino); spokewoman(representante
femenino).
big/bigger/the biggest (grande/ms grande/el
ms grande)

tienen problemas para ubicarse. Y ver que los neoyorquinos

somos realmente muy amables.

S, estoy de acuerdo. Lo somos.

As es.
Hay algn otro consejo que pueda ofrecer a los visitantes
de la Gran manzana?
Bueno, otra cosa para recordar es no dejar nada de valor en su
auto, si tiene uno. No dejen maletas en el asiento trasero donde
la
gente pueda verlos. Es muy fcil ingresar a la mayora de los
autos, de modo que no vale la pena arriesgarse. Pero la mayora
de la gente la pasa estupendamente bien cuando viene a Nueva
York. Usted tambin, si utiliza su sentido comn.

safe/safer/the safest (seguro/ms seguro/el ms

seguro)
on your own = by yourself (solo, por su cuenta)
New Yorker = resident of New
York (neoyorquino, habitante de Nueva York)
worth the risk = deserving the risk (que
merezca el riesgo)

HOW + Adjective or Adverb

How old...? (Qu edad...? Cuntos aos...?)
How often...? (Con qu frecuencia...?)
How far...? (A qu distancia...?)
How beautiful...? (Cmo es de bonito/a...?)

DESCRIBING NECESSITY

DESCRIBIENDO NECESIDAD

GIVING SUGGESTIONS

You have to get a passport.

Tienes que obtener un

pasaporte.
Debes obtener una visa para
algunos paises.

You'd better talk to your

father.
You ought to go with
someone.

You must get a visa for

some
countries.
You need to take money.

DANDO SUGERENCIAS O
CONSEJOS
Sera mejor que lo converses
con tu padre.
Tendras que ir con alguien.

Necesitas llevar dinero.

You should take warm
Deberas llevar ropas de
(Es necesario que lleves
clothes.
abrigo.
dinero).
For some countries,
Para algunos pases, no
You shouldn't go by
No deberas ir sola/o.
you don't have to get any
tienes que (no es
yourself.
vaccinations.
necesario) aplicarte vacunas.
MUST /mst/ - TO HAVE TO /tu jv t/ (deber, tener que)
NEED TO /n:d t/ (es necesario que)
Must es un verbo modal al que sigue un BARE INFINITIVE
Need es a la vez un verbo comn y un verbo modal.
(es decir, un infinitivo sin TO), y las oraciones interrogativas Cuando need se utiliza como un verbo regular -no modal- se conjuga
y negativas se construyen sin el auxiliar do: Must you
del modo habitual: Do you need help? Yes, please / No, I don't.
go? (Tienes que irte?). Must slo tiene la forma del
Thanks(Necesitas ayuda? S, por favor / No, gracias).
presente: I must leave early (Tengo que salir temprano).
Pero cuando se usa como verbo modal, las oraciones interrogativas y
Cuando necesitamos otras formas verbales usamos to have negativas se construyen sin el auxiliar do. y en lugar de "necesitar"
to: He will have to come tomorrow (Tendr que venir
suele traducirse como "es necesario que" o "tener la necesidad de".
maana).
Ejemplos:
Need I go there again?
Must se emplea tambin para dar rdenes o para hacer que (Es necesario que vaya all de nuevo?)
alguien o uno mismo siga un determinado
Need we buy the ticket in advance?
comportamiento: The children must be back by four (Los
(Es necesario que compremos la entrada de antemano?)

chicos tienen que volver a las cuatro); I must stop

smoking (Tengo que dejar de fumar). Cuando las rdenes
son impuestas por un agente externo (una ley, una regla,
etc.) usamos to have to: The doctor says I have to stop
smoking (El mdico dice que tengo que dejar de fumar).
En negativo, must not o mustn't expresan una prohibicin:
You mustn't open other people's post (No debes abrir la
correspondencia de otras personas). Sin embargo, don't
have toexpresa que algo no es necesario, es decir, que hay
una ausencia de obligacin: You don't have to go if you
don't want to (No tienes que ir si no quieres).
OUGHT TO /t t/ - SHOULD /sh:d/ (deberas, tendras
que)
La diferencia entre ought to y should radica bsicamente
en que el primero va seguido de un infinitivo con TO. Para
sugerencias o consejos es comn utilizar cualquiera de los
dos: You ought to do it o You should do it (Deberas
hacerlo). En cambio should se diferencia deought
to cuando expresa probabilidad: They should be there by
now(Ellos ya deberan haber llegado).
NOTA: En los Estados Unidos es poco comn usar ought
to (se utiliza ms should). En cambio, en Inglaterra ought
to se utiliza con ms frecuencia y es ms fuerte
que should porque implica un "deber moral" y no suelen
usarlo para expresar probabilidad..

Needn't you bring your own towels?

(No es necesario llevar al club tus propias toallas?)
Diferencias de NEED como verbo comn y como modal:
Analicemos las diferencias:
a. COMO VERBO COMUN:
You don't need to go to school on weekends.
No tienes que ir al colegio los fines de semana (porque est cerrado).
b. COMO VERBO MODAL
You needn't go to school today.
No tienes que ir al colegio hoy (porque ests enfermo).
La diferencia radica en que el primer caso need expresa algo general
o habitual (una norma externa impuesta: "no se dictan clases los fines
de semana") y en el segundo caso expresa algo concreto (se
concede un permiso: "no vas a clases por enfermedad").
HAD BETTER o 'D BETTER /jd bter/ (sera mejor que)
Had better es un verbo modal al que sigue un BARE INFINITIVE (es
decir, un infinitivo sin TO). El significado es muy similar a should (I'd
better do something = I should do something) y expresa la idea de
que it is advisable for me to do something; if I don't do this,
something bad might happen (es aconsejable para m hacer algo;
si no lo hago, algo malo podra suceder). Un ejemplo prctico: I have
to meet Tom in ten minutes. I'd better go now or I'll be late (Tengo
que encontrarme con Tom en diez minutos. Sera mejor que me vaya
ahora o llegar tarde).

hermana
hermano
hija
hijo
hijastra
hijastro
hijos
madrastra
madre, mam, mamita
madrina
nieta
nieto
nietos
nuera
padrastro
padre, pap, papito
padres
padrino
primo, prima
sobrina
sobrino
suegra
suegro
ta
to
yerno
Abuela / abuelita
Abuelo / abuelito
abuelos
ahijada
ahijado
bisabuela
bisabuelo
bisabuelos
cuada
cuado
esposa, esposas
esposo
pan tostado
miel
mermelada
agua caliente
t comn, de hierbas
agua mineral sin gas
jardn
jardn rocoso
pared, muro
patio del frente, frontal
patio de atrs, trasero
piscina, pileta de natacin
piso
portn, puerta del cerco
puerta
puerta de entrada
sala

sister
brother
daughter
son
stepdaughter
stepson
children
stepmother
mother, mom, mommy
godmother
granddaughter
grandson
grandchildren
daughter-in-law
stepfather
father, dad, daddy
parents
godfather
cousin
niece
nephew
mother-in-law
father-in-law
aunt
uncle
son-in-law
Grandmother grandma
Grandfather / grandpa
grandparents
goddaughter
godson
great-grandmother
great-grandfather
great-grandparents
sister-in-law
brother-in-law
wife, wives
husband
toast
honey
jam
hot water
regular, herbal tea
regular water
garden
rock garden
wall
front yard
back yard
pool, swimming pool
floor
fence gate
door
front door
living room

sster
brder
drer
san
stp-drer
stp-son
children
stp-mder
mder, mam, mmi
god-mder
grnd-drer
grnd-son
grnd-chldren
drer-in-l:
stp-fder
fder, dad, ddy
prents
god-fder
ksin
n:s
nfiu
mder-in-l:
fder-in-l:
a:nt
nkl
son-in-l:
grnd-mder grndma
grnd-fder / grandp
grnd-prents
god-drer
gd-son
grit-grnd-mder
grit-grnd-fder
grit-grnd-prents
sster-in-l:
brder-in-l:
uif, uivs
jsband
tust
jni
ym
jt urer
rguiular, jrbal t:
rguiular urer
grden
rk grden
ul
frnt ird
bk ird
p:l, sumin p:l
fl:r
fns guit
d:r
front d:r
lving rm

stano
techo
terraza
ventana
balcn
balcn terraza
bao
cerco
csped
chimenea
cielorraso
cocina
comedor
cuarto diario
despensa
desvn, tico
dormitorio
entrada de auto
escalera
garaje, cochera
alfombra
almohadn, cojn
biblioteca
cortina
cortinados
escalera
estreo
florero
hogar, chimenea
lmpara
lea
mesita central
pintura, cuadro
silln
silln reclinador
sof grande
sof
ventilador de techo
araa, colgante
azucarera
bandeja
cafetera
candelabro, candelero
cuchara
cuchillo
ensaladera
jarra (para servir)
jarro
juego de cubiertos
mantel
mesa
pimentero
plato chico, platillo, platito
plato
salero

basement
roof
terrace
window
balcony
deck
bathroom
fence
lawn
chimney
ceiling
kitchen
dining room
family room
pantry
attic
bedroom
driveway
staircase
garage
carpet
cushion
bookcase
curtain
drapes
staircase
stereo
vase
fireplace
lamp
firewood
coffee table
painting
armchair
recliner
couch
sofa
ceiling fan
chandelier
sugar bowl
tray
coffeepot
candlestick
spoon
knife
salad bowl
pitcher
jug
flatware, silverware
tablecloth
table
pepper shaker
saucer
plate
salt shaker

bisment
rf
trras
undou
blkoni
dk
bz-rum
fns
lun
chmni
cling
kchen
dining rm
fmili rm
pntri
ric
bd-rum
driv-ui
str-kis
gardch
krpet
kshon
buk-kis
krtein
drips
star-kis
streou
vis
fir-plis
lmp
fir-:d
kfi-tibl
pinting
rm-char
rikliner
kuch
sufa
sling fan
shandeli:
shgar bul
tri
kfi pot
kndl-stik
sp:n
nif
slad bul
pcher
ig
flt-ur, slver-ur
tibl cloz
tibl
pper shiker
sser
plit
slt shiker

servilleta
silla
taza
taza grande, jarrito
tenedor
tetera
vajilla de porcelana
vaso
vela
abrelatas
asadera
batidor de alambre
bol, taza grande
cacerola
cacerolas, ollas, sartenes
(genrico)
cazuelera
colador de verduras
colador chico
cortador de queso
cucharas, cuchillos,
tenedores, cucharas de t
cucharada
cucharn
cuchilla para picar
cuchillo para trinchar
descarozador
destapador
exprimidor
embudo
esptula
guantes para horno
molde para horno
molinillo de pimienta
olla
olla a presin
palo de amasar
pava
pelapapas
picador, picadora
pisapur
rallador
receta
salero
sartn
sartn (para freir verduras)
tabla para cortar
tetera
vajilla de cermica
vajilla de cobre
vajilla para horno
vaporera
agarradera
alacena

napkin
chair
cup
mug
fork
teapot
china
glass
candle
can opener
roasting pan
whisk
bowl
saucepan
pans

npkin
chr
kp
mg
f:k
t-pot
china
gls
kndl
kn-upener
rustin pan
jusk
bul
sspan
pans

casserole
colander
sieve, strainer
cheese cutter
spoons, knives,
forks, teaspoons
spoonful
ladle
chopper, cleaver
carving knife
seeder
corkscrew
squeezer
funnel
slice (UK)
spatula (US)
oven gloves (UK)
oven mitts (US)
baking tin
pepper mill
pot
pressure cooker
rolling pin
kettle
potato peeler
mincer
masher
grater
recipe
salt cellar (UK) salt shaker (US)
frying pan
wok
chopping board
teapot
ceramic ware
copperware
ovenproof ware
steamer
kettle (pot) holder
cupboard

kserol
klander
s:v, striner
ch:s kter
sp:ns, nivs,
f:ks, t:spns
spnful
lidl
chper, klver
krvin nif
s:der
kork-skri
skuzer
fnel
slis (UK)
sptiula (US)
ven glvs (UK)
ven mits (US)
bikin tin
pper mil
pot
prsher-kker
rlin pin
ktl
potitou p:ler
mnser
msher
griter
rsipi
slt slar (UK) slt shiker
fring pan
uk
chpin b:rd
t:pot
sermik uar
kper-uar
venpruf-uar
st:mer
ktl (pot) jlder
kpbo:rd

anaqueles, estantes
rea de trabajo
basura de la cocina
batidora
cafetera
cajones
calefn
canilla de agua fra (caliente)
cocina (de cocinar)
congelador
cubetera
delantal de cocina
despensa
destapador de botellas
detergente lquido
eliminador elctrico
de desperdicios
encendedor elctrico
escobero
escurridor de platos
esponja limpiadora
guantes
jabn
heladera
horno a gas (elctrico)
horno micro-ondas
lavaplatos
licuadora
mesada de mrmol
pileta de lavar
procesadora de alimentos
quemadores de cocina
quemador del horno
repasador
tacho de la basura
tostadora
alfombra
almohada
cabecera de la cama
cama
cobertor, acolchado
cobija, frazada
colcha, cubrecama
colchn
cmoda
cortina
enchufe
espejo
funda de almohada
interruptor de luz
mesita de noche
percha

shelves
working area
kitchen waste
mixer
coffee maker
drawers
water heater
cold (hot) water tap (UK)
cold (hot) water faucet (US)
cooker, kitchen stove
freezer, ice maker
ice tray
kitchen apron
supply closet
bottle opener
washing-up liquid
electric pig

shlvs
urkin rea
ktchen uist
mkser
kfi miker
druers
urer jrer
kuld (jt) uter tap (UK)
kuld (jat) uter fset (US)
kker, ktchn stuv
fr:ser, is miker
is-trei
ktchen ipron
sapli klset
btl upener
ushin-p lkuid
ilktrik pig

electric lighter
broom closet
dish drainer
scouring pad
gloves
soap
fridge, refrigerator
gas (electric) oven
microwave oven
dishwasher
blender
marble counter
sink
food processor
cooker (stove) burners
oven burner
dish towel
dustbin
toaster
rug
pillow
headboard
bed
comforter
blanket
bedspread
mattress
dresser
curtain
plug
mirror
pillowcase
switch
night table
hanger

elktrik liter
brm klset
dish driner
skurin pad
glvs
sup
frdch, refriyeritor
gas (ilktrik) uvn
mikro-uiv uvn
dsh-usher
blnder
mrbl kuner
snk
fu:d prossor
kker (stuv) brners
uvn brner
dsh tuel
dstbin
tuster
rag
plou
jdbord
bed
kmforter
blnket
bdspred
mtres
drser
krten
plag
mrror
plou-kis
such
nit tibl
jnguer

persianas
pie de la cama
placard
reloj despertador
sbanas
telfono
tomacorriente
agua caliente
agua fra
alfombra de bao
azulejo
balanza, bscula
baera, tina
botiqun
canasto
canilla, grifo
cepillo de dientes
cepillo de uas
champ
cortina
desage
ducha
esponja
inodoro
jabn
jabonera
lavabo
papel higinico
pasta dentfrica
pileta
secador de pelo
tapn
toalla de bao, toalln
toallero
toallita de ducha
toallita de mano

blinds
footboard
closet
alarm clock
sheets
phone
socket
hot water
cold water
bath mat
tile
scale
bathtub
medicine chest
basket
faucet
toothbrush
nailbrush
shampoo
curtain
drain
shower
sponge
toilet
soap
soap dish
washbasin
toilet paper
toothpaste
sink
hair dryer
stopper
bath towel
towel rack
washcloth
hand towel

blinds
ftbord
klset
alrm clok
sh:ts
fun
sket
jt uter
kuld urer
bz mt
til
skil
bz-tab
mdicin chst
bsket
fcet
tz-brsh
nil-brsh
shamp:
kr-ten
drin
shuer
spndch
tilit
sup
sup dish
ush-bisin
tilit piper
tz-pist
sink
jr drier
stper
bz tuel
tuel rk
ush-cloz
jnd tul