UNIFORM MOTION &

UNIFORM ACCELERATED
MOTION
Unit 1: Kinematics

UM
Scalar Quantities
Have magnitude but no direction
Vector Quantities
Have magnitude AND direction

Scalar

Symbol

Vectors

Symbol

Distance

Displacement d

Speed

Velocity

acceleration

acceleration

UM
Example:

A cat moves 5 m to the left and then turns 7 m to the right.

Find the distance and displacement.
+

5m

7m
- Distance will be 5 m + 7 m = 12 m
- Displacement will be 5 m 7m= - 2 m = 2m [right]

UM
When assigning direction:

N+
-W

E+
S-

left -

right +

UM
Example:

As it chases a mouse, a cat runs 10 m north and then 25 m

south. Find the distance and displacement.
N

10

25

ASSIGNMENT:
Pg. 9 # 1-3

SOs covered:
A1.1k, A1.2k

Key Concepts:
Scalar vs. Vector Quantities
Distance vs. Displacement
Assigning Direction

Man (0m)

Chair (20m [right])

UM
Uniform motion
Traveling at constant velocity and constant direction
Position-time Graph
Time(s)

Positions
(m [right])

Straight line
indicates UM

0
Position m [right]

10

15

20
Time (s)

UM
When we calculate slope = rise = 10 m = 5 m/s [right]

run

2m
Slope = d = v
t

Vector version
Scalar version
* displacment = velocity
distance = speed
time
time
d=v
d =v
t
t

Man (20m [left])

Chair (0m)

UM
Same question as before but change the reference point.

(The chair is the reference point)

Time(s)

Positions
(m [left])

Slope = rise = d
run t
= -10 m
2s
= -5 m/s
= 5 m/s [right]

20
Position m [left]

15

10

0
Time (s)

UM
A student goes to the bathroom. From the classroom he

walks 25 m to the right to his locker, then 4 m left to his

friends locker. Then 6 m to the left to the water fountain
and finally 5 m right to the bathroom. This takes him 2
minutes. Determine (i) average speed and (ii) average
velocity.

Assignment
Pg. 15 PP #1

SOs Covered:

Pg. 16 PP #1
Pg. 18 PP #1

A1.3k, A1.3s,
A1.4k, A1.4s

Key Concepts:
Slope of a distance-time graph is ____________
(rise/run = m/s)
Uniform Motion is ____________velocity and
_______________direction .

Unit Analysis
A technique that involves the study of dimensions of

physical quantities.
Example:
1 hour = 60 min = 3600 sec
1 km = 1000 m
2.4 km/h = ? m/s
2.4 km x 1000 m x 1 hr
1 hr
1 km
3600 s

= 0.667 m
s

Unit Analysis
Example:
Convert 10 m/s to km/hr.

UM of two objects
Example:
A bicycle travels at 5 m/s. 5 seconds later a car leaves from
the same location in the same direction at 54 km/h. Use a
graph to estimate when the car passes the bike. Assume UM.
Car: 54 km x 1 hr x 1000 m = 15 m
1 hr
3600 s
1km
s

UM of two objects
Bike:

Time (s)

Position
(m)

Car:

Time (s)

Position
(m)

10

15

15

30

20

45

25

60

Um of two objects
45

From the graph, the car passes the

bike at 7 seconds and 45 m.

40
35
30
25
Position
(m)

20
15
10
5
0
0

10

12

14

Time (s)

16

18

20

22

UM
Example
A man runs FWD at 7 m/s for 15 s, he pauses for 30 s and then starts
running again for 15 s at 5 m/s. Determine his average velocity.
v = d = displacement
t time
Find total displacement
+
(i) 15 s @ 7 m/s

30 s

(ii) 15 s @ 5 m/s

d = vt = (7 m/s)(15 s)
(ii) d = vt = (5 m/s)(15 s)
= 105 m
= 75 m
Therefore, total displacement is 180 m.
()v ave = d = 180 m = 3 m/s [FWD]
(i)

60 s

UM
Determining average speed/velocity from a graph:
Average speed: v = d = total distance
t
time
= 10m + 10m + 20m
12 s

Position
m[E]

Average velocity: v = d = displacement

20 m

10 m

2s

6s
Time (s)

10 s

12 s

t
time
@ 0-2s = 10 m = 5 m/s
2s
@ 2-6s = 0m = 0 m/s
4s
@ 6-10s = 10m = 2.5m/s
4s
@ 10-12s = -20m = -10m/s
2s
@ 0-12s =

Assignment
Pg. 20 # 2 7
Pg. 37 PP #1, 2

SOs covered:
A 1.1k, A1.3k,
A1.3s

Key Concepts:
Average Speed = total distance/time
(Slope of distance-time graph)
Average Velocity = total
displacement/time (Slope of displacement
time graph)
Unit Analysis Set Up (cancelling out
units)

UM
Example:
A cyclist is travelling at 4.0 m/s [W] for 10 minutes. A second cyclist catcher
up to her. If the second cyclist started at the same position but left 3.0
minutes later, how fast was he travelling?
*Both cyclists travel the same distance at the time the meet.
1st cyclist
v = 4.0 m/s
t = 600 s

v = d = total distance
t
time
d = v t = (4.0m/s)(600s) = 2400m

2nd cyclist
d = 2400 m v = d = total distance
t = 420 s
t
time
= 2400 m = 5.7 m/s
420 s

UM
Example
A mosquito flies toward you with a velocity of 2.4 km/h[E]. If
a distance of 35.0 m separates you, at what point will the
mosquito hit your sunglasses if you are travelling toward the
mosquito at a speed of 2.0 m/s and the mosquito is
travelling in a straight path?
vmos = 0.67 m/s
35m

d mos

d mulholland

UM
d mos = vt
= (0.66m/s)(t)

d mulholland= vt
= (2m/s)(t)

d mos + d mulholland= d total

(0.66m/s)(t) + (2m/s)(t) = 35m
t(0.66m/s + 2m/s) = 35m
t = 13 s

UM
Example:
Spotting a friend 5.0 m in front of you walking 2.0 m/s[N],
you start walking 2.25 m/s[N] to catch up. How long will it
take you to intercept your friend and what will be your
displacement?
2.5m/s

2.0m/s
d you = 5 m

friend

d you total

t you = t friend

UM
You
v=d
t
tyou = dyou

Friend
v=d
t
tfriend = dfriend

v
dyou= dyou 5m
v
v
dyou= dyou -5m
2.2 s
2.0s
2.0 dyou = 2.25 dyou -11.25
dyou = 45 m
dfriend = 45m-5m = 40m

Assignment
Pg. 20 #8, 9, 12, 13

SOs covered:
A1.2s, A1.1k,
A1.3k, A1.3s

Key Concepts:
Setting up equations from a problem
What are you looking for?
How can you find the correct value?

VT Graphs & PT Graphs

Warm Up: Worksheet
PT Graphs
Position as a Function of Time for A Bicycle Trip
VT Graphs
Velocity as a Function of Time for A Car

Assignment
Pg. 27 PP #1

SOs Covered:
A1.3s

Key Concepts:
Drawing/Analyzing p-t graphs from
v-t graphs

VT graphs & PT graphs

If a car is moving at 10m/s for 10 s in UM the P-T graph

will be:
100m
v
m/s[E]

P m[E]

10m/s

10s
t (s)

10s
t (s)

VT graphs & PT graphs

What if:

Slope = -2m/s

20m

v
m/s[E]

P m[E]

10s
-2 m/s

10s
t (s)

t (s)

Example:
Describe the objects velocity and direction of travel shown in the graphs below:
v

Example:
Describe the objects velocity and direction of travel shown in the graphs below:
v

VT graphs & PT graphs

What if:
Slope = is changing.
This is called
UNIFORM
ACCELERATED
MOTION
v
m/s[E]

P m[E]

10s
t (s)

10s
t (s)

Here we need to find the instantaneous velocity (velocity at a specific time).

We will look at this next class.

Assignment
Pg. 38 PP #1
Pg. 40 PP#1
Pg. 43 PP#1

SOs Covered:
A1.3s

Key Concepts:
D-t graphs:
Slope is Velocity
Negative Slope = Negative Velocity
Positive Slope = Positive Velocity
Straight Line = Uniform Motion
Curved Line = Uniform Accelerated Motion

VT graphs & PT graphs

What if:
Slope = is changing.
This is called
UNIFORM
ACCELERATED
MOTION
v
m/s[E]

P m[E]

10s
t (s)

10s
t (s)

Here we need to find the instantaneous velocity (velocity at a specific time).

VT graphs & PT graphs - UAM

Instantaneous velocity:

P m[E]

10s
t (s)

*can only calculate instantaneous velocity using tangents

because slope is constantly changing.

VT graphs & PT graphs

Instantaneous velocity:

P m[E]

t (s)

Time (s)

Position (m [E])

18

32

50

VT graphs & PT graphs

Estimate the instantaneous velocity at 2s and 5s

@ 2s => rise = 20m = 6.7m/s

run 3s
@ 5s => rise = 70m = 23.3m/s
run 3s

VT graphs & PT graphs

Instantaneous velocity - Lets look a little closer at UAM:

v
m/s[E]

Time (s)

Velocity(m/s [E])

10

15

20

25

t (s)

Slope = rise = v = a

run

Slope = 15m/s = 5m/s2

3s

UM/UAM
Slope of a v-t graph = acceleration
Slope of a p-t graph = velocity
Area under v-t graph = distance

Gravity
Gravity is acceleration
9.81m/s2 (slope of v-t graph; about 10)

Area under the line = vt

2
= (70m/s)(7s) = 245 m
2

70
7s

Therefore, area under the line

in a v-t graph gives us distance

Assignment
Pg. 30 #1-4
Pg. 34 PP #1
Pg. 45 #7, 8, 13-18

SOs Covered:
A1.3s

Key Concepts:
Vt graphs:
Slope is Acceleration; Area underneath is
distance
Slope = 0 Uniform Motion
On t-axis Object not moving (v=0)
Above t-axis Positive velocity (only
represents direction)
Below t-axis Negative velocity (only
represents direction)

Kinematic Equations
Kinematics equations are equations which can be used

when acceleration is considered to be uniform.

The value of acceleration must be constant. This does NOT mean

acceleration cannot be zero.

Kinematics Equations
1. a = v

t
2. d = 1/2 (vi + vf)t
3. d= vit + at2
4. d = vf t - 1/2at2
5. vf2 = vi2 + 2ad

Procedure
1. Write down a list of information you have
2. Find the equation that will have only ONE unknown
3. Write down the equation and rearrange if necessary
4. Solve for the unknown
5. Repeat if necessary

Example:
A race car traveling north uniformly accelerates at 10.0m/s2
from 40.0m/s to 70.0m/s. Determine the amount of time that
the car takes perform the acceleration.

Example:
A car passes a traffic light at a velocity of 10.2m/s to the
north and accelerates at 2.4m/s2. Calculate the cars
displacement relative to the traffic light after 4.21s.

Example:
If an arresting device on an aircraft carrier stops a plane in
150m with an acceleration of -15m/s2, find the time the plane
takes to stop.

Assignment
Pg. 47, 48, 50 PP #1,2
Pg. 51 PP #2
Pg. 52 PP #1, 2

SOs Covered:
A1.3k

Key Concepts:
Kinematic Equations:
Use an equation with only ONE unknown
To use kinematic equations, acceleration
must be uniform (not increasing or
decreasing)
Make sure that the units are appropriate

Gravity
Acceleration due to gravity occurs to objects moving

vertically.
Depending on the question, assigning down as positive
could make your life easier.
Example
You throw a ball up at 15m/s. What is the max height?
Known: vi = 15m/s, vf = 0m/s, a = -9.81m/s2, d = ?
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad
0m/s = (15m/s)2 + 2(-9.81m/s2)d
d = 11m

Gravity
If I drop a ball from 11.47m, what is the speed of the ball
when it hits the ground?
Known: vi = 15m/s, vf = ? , a = 9.81m/s2, d = 11.47 m
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad
vf2 = (0m/s)2 + 2(9.81m/s2)(11.47m)
vf = 15m/s

Example:
A helicopter is rising upwards with a speed of 8.0m/s when
a wrench falls outs of the door. Calculate the distance
between the wrench and the helicopter after 3.1 seconds if
the helicopter continues to rise upwards.

Example:
An archer fires an arrow straight upwards from the ground
with an initial speed of 20.0m/s. Ignoring any effects due to
air resistance, calculate the maximum height that the arrow
reaches.

Example:
The same archer having survived his last silly act, fires
another arrow straight upwards from the ground. This arrow
reaches a maximum height of 78.4m. Ignoring any effects
due to air resistance calculate the:
a) Initial velocity of the arrow
b) Time it takes the arrow to reach the ground

Assignment
Pg. 53 # 1, 6, 9, 11, 14
Pg. 58 # 1, 2, 3
Pg. 59 #1

SOs Covered:
A1.3k

Key Concepts:
Kinematic Equations:
Use an equation with only ONE unknown
To use kinematic equations, acceleration
must be uniform (not increasing or
decreasing)
Make sure that the units are appropriate