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cÖ
_gAa¨vq
4
gnvKl ©
I Aw
fKl © ✍
GK bR‡i cÖkœvewj
Abykxjbxi msw¶ßÑDËi cÖkœ ms−2 ej‡Z wK eyS? (Xv.†ev. 2006)
cÖkœ : 1| gnvKl© I AwfKl© ej‡Z wK A_ev, †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwfKl©R Z¡iY g Gi gvb
9.8 ms−2 Gi A_© wK?
eyS?
(Kz.†ev. 2004)
(Kz. †ev. h. †ev. Õ99; Kz. †ev.
cÖkœ : 10| mij †`vjK Kv‡K e‡j? (h.†ev.
2001 Xv.†ev. 2000)
2000; Xv.†ev. 2002; iv.†ev. 2003;
cÖkœ : 2| wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ ÎwU wee„Z
Kz.†ev. 2003)
Ki| (m. †ev. Õ98 ; iv. †ev. Xv. †ev.
cÖkœ : 11| mij‡`vj‡Ki †¶‡Î msÁv `vI :
2000; wm. †ev. 2001; 2005; h.†ev.
ee, Szjbwe›`y, Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨,
2005)
we¯マ vi, †`vjbKvj I K¤•vsK|
A_ev, wbDU‡bi gnvKl© myÎwU e¨vL¨v
cÖkœ : 12| mij †`vj‡Ki m チ θ‡jv wee„Z
Ki| (ewi †ev. 2002; iv.†ev. 2004;
Ki|
Õ99; h.†ev. 2005; Õ99; P.†ev.
(P.†ev. iv.†ev. 2002; Kz.†ev. 2000;
2003
h.†ev. 2005; iv.†ev. 2004; 2000)
cÖkœ : 3| gnvKl© aª“eK ej‡Z wK eyS? Gi
cÖkœ : 13| GKwU QK KvM‡Ri X A‡¶i
gvÎv I GKK D‡jL Ki| (h.†ev. 2003)
w`‡K mij‡`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ L
A_ev, gnvKl© aª“eK ej‡Z wK eyS?
Gi wewfbœ gvb Ges Y A‡¶i w`‡K
(iv.†ev. 2006; wm.†ev. Kz.†ev.
Avbylw½K †`vjbKv‡ji eM© T2 Gi
2002; Xv.†ev. 2001)
gvb ¯’vcb K‡i †jLwPÎ AsKb Ki‡j
A_ev, gnvKl© aª“e‡Ki gvÎv I GKK †jL?
†jLwPÎwU wK iƒc n‡e?
(Xv.†ev. 2001; P.†ev. 2000)
cÖkœ : 14| e¯‘i fi I IRb ej‡Z wK eyS?
cÖkœ : 4| gnvKl© aª“eK G Gi gvb 6.673 × 10
−11
Nm2 kg−2 Gi A_© wK? (h.†ev. (wm. †ev. 2005; 2001; iv.†ev.
2005; iv.†ev. 2004; wm.†ev. 2002; Xv. †ev. 2004)
2003; Kz.†ev. 2003; ewi.†ev. A_ev, e¯‘i fi ej‡Z wK eyS? (iv.†ev. 2001;
2002; Xv. †ev. Õ99) Xv.†ev. 2005)
cÖkœ : 5| AwfKl©R Z¡iY ej‡Z wK cÖkœ : 15| f‚-c„‡ôi †Kvb ¯’v‡b †Kvb& e¯‘i
IRb me‡P‡q †ewk Ges †Kvb&
eyS? (ewi.†ev. 2006; wm.†ev. ¯’v‡b me‡P‡q Kg n‡e †Kb?
2005;Kz. †ev. iv. †ev. 2000; cÖkœ : 16| †Kvb e¯‘‡K cvnv‡oi P‚ovq
Xv.†ev. 2000; 2001; h.†ev. 2003; ev Lwbi †fZi wb‡q †M‡j Gi IR‡bi
P.†ev. 2005) wKiƒc ZviZg¨ n‡e?
cÖkœ : 6| AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb wK‡mi cÖkœ : 17| †Kvb e¯‘i fi I IR‡bi g‡a¨
Dci wbf©i K‡i? (Xv.†ev. 2000) cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k Ki|
A_ev, †`LvI †h, AwfKl©R Z¡iY e¯‘ wbi‡c¶ (wm.†ev. 2006; P.†ev. 2001; Xv.†ev.
n‡jI ¯’vb wbi‡c¶ bq| (ewi.†ev. 2003)
2006; h.†ev. 2003; Xv.†ev. 2002; cÖkœ : 18| IRbnxbZv wK? e¯‘ †Kv_vq
Kz.†ev. 2005; 2000) IRbnxb nq?
cÖkœ : 7| †Kvb ¯’v‡bi gvb‡K g Gi Av`k© (h.†ev. 2006; iv.†ev. P.†ev. 2005;
gvb wn‡m‡e aiv nq| GB gvb KZ? Xv. †ev. 2005;2002,2000, Kz.†ev.
†gi“, welyexq I µvwš マ A‡j Gi gvb 2003)
D‡jL Ki| cªkœ : 19| wjd‡Ui g‡a¨ †Kvb e¨w³ KLb
cÖkœ : 8| f‚-c„‡ôi †Kvb ¯’v‡b g Gi gvb 9.8 IRbnxbZv Abyfe Ki‡eb?
cÖkœ : 20| g‡b Ki Zzwg DuPz `vjv‡bi
75 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
mgm¨v : 6| 20kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘‡K Dci ˆ`N©¨ 99cm| †`vjKwU 21wU
n‡Z †Q‡o †`Iqv nj, 15 sec ci c チ Y© †`vj‡bi Rb¨ 42 †m‡KÊ
e¯‘wU KZ `チ iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e? mgq e¨q K‡i| H ¯’v‡b g Gi gvb
(wm.†ev. 2003) 9.8ms−2 n‡j e‡ii e¨vm KZ?
mgm¨v : 7| GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki m チ Zvi
Abykxjbxi msw¶ß-
DËi cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖkœ : 1| gnvKl© I AwfKl© ej‡Z wK eyS? (Kz. †ev. h. †ev. Õ99; Kz. †ev.
2001 Xv.†ev. 2000)
DËi : gnvKl© :
GB gnvwe‡k¦i †h †Kvb `ywU e¯‘KYv ci¯•i‡K AvKl©Y K‡i| GB AvKl©Y e‡ji
gvb ïay e¯‘؇qi fi Ges G‡`i ga¨Kvi `チ i‡Z¡i Dci wbf©i K‡i− G‡`i AvK…wZ,
cÖK…wZ wKsev ga¨eZx© gva¨‡gi cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv| GB
gnvwe‡k¦i †h †Kvb `ywU e¯‘i ga¨Kvi GB AvKl©Y ej‡K gnvKl© e‡j|
D`vniY- m チ h© I P‡›`ªi g‡a¨ †h AvKl©Y Zv gnvKl©|
AwfKl© : GB we‡k¦i †h †Kvb `ywU e¯‘i g‡a¨ †h AvKl©Y Zv‡K gnvKl©
e‡j| `ywU e¯‘i GKwU hw` c„w_ex nq Z‡e †h AvKl©Y nq Zv‡K AwfKl© ev
gva¨vKl©Y ejv nq A_©vr †Kvb e¯‘i Dci c„w_exi AvKl©Y‡K AwfKl© e‡j|
D`vniY- c„w_ex I GKwU eB-Gi g‡a¨ cvi¯•wiK AvKl©Y ejB AwfKl©|
cÖkœ : 2| wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ ÎwU wee„Z Ki| (m. †ev. Õ98 ; iv. †ev.
Xv. †ev. 2000; wm. †ev. 2001; 2005; h.†ev. 2005)
A_ev, wbDU‡bi gnvKl© myÎwU e¨vL¨v Ki| (ewi †ev. 2002; iv.†ev. 2004;
Õ99; h.†ev. 2005; Õ99; P.†ev. 2003)
DËi : wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Î :
Avgiv Rvwb GB gnvwe‡k¦i mKj e¯‘ G‡K Aci‡K AvKl©Y K‡i, GB AvKl©Y‡K
gnvKl© e‡j| GB AvKl©Y m¤•‡K© wbDUb GKwU m チ Î †ei K‡ib| GB
m チ ÎwU‡K wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Î e‡j| m チ ÎwU wbæiƒc :
Ògnvwe‡k¦i cÖwZwU e¯‘KYv G‡K Aci‡K wb‡Ri w`‡K AvKl©Y K‡i, GB
AvKl©Y e‡ji gvb e¯‘KYv؇qi f‡ii ¸Yd‡ji mgvbycvwZK Ges Dnv‡`i
ga¨eZx© `チ i‡Z¡i e‡M©i e¨¯マ vbycvwZK| GB ej e¯‘KYv؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLv
eivei KvR K‡i|Ó
e¨vL¨v : g‡b Kwi, m1 I m2 fi wewkó
`ywU e¯‘ ci¯•i n‡Z d `チ i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z|
Dnv‡`i ga¨Kvi AvKl©Y ej F n‡j
m チ Îvbymv‡i,
F ∝ m1m2 Ges F ∝
GK‡Î F ∝ ev, F = G
GLv‡b G, GKwU mgvbycvwZK aª“eK| G‡K gnvKl© aª“eK e‡j|
cÖkœ : 3| gnvKl© aª“eK ej‡Z wK eyS? Gi gvÎv I GKK D‡jL Ki|
(h.†ev. 2003)
A_ev, gnvKl© aª“eK ej‡Z wK eyS? (iv.†ev. 2006; wm.†ev. Kz.†ev. 2002;
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 78
Xv.†ev. 2001)
A_ev, gnvKl© aª“e‡Ki gvÎv I GKK †jL? (Xv.†ev. 2001; P.†ev. 2000)
DËi : gnvKl© aª“eK :
ci¯•i n‡Z GKK fi wewkó `yBwU e¯‘KYvi g‡a¨ †h AvKl©Y ej wµqv K‡i
Dnv‡K gnvKlx©q aª“eK e‡j| G‡K 'G' Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
e¨vL¨v : g‡b Kwi m1 I m2 f‡ii `yBwU e¯‘ d ` チ i‡Z¡ Ae¯’vb Ki‡j Ges Dnv‡`i
g‡a¨ AKl©Y ej F n‡j wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Îvbymv‡i−
F ∝ m1m2
Ges F∝
GK‡Î F ∝
ev, F = G ..................................... (1)
GLv‡b G → gnvKlx©q aª“eK| GB mgxKi‡Y m1 = 1, m2 = 1 Ges d = 1 n‡j F = G n‡e|
gnvKl© aª“e‡Ki gvb C.G.S c×wZ‡Z 6.67 × 10−8
F. P. S c×wZ‡Z 10.7 × 10−9
Ges M. K. S c×wZ‡Z 6.67 × 10−11
gvÎv : mgxKiY (1) bs n‡Z
F = G
ev, G = ............................... (2)
=
= = M−1 L3 T−2
GKK : mgxKiY (2) bs n‡Z−
G =
c×wZ‡Z F Gi GKK dyne, d Gi
C. G. S GKK cm Ges f‡ii GKK gm.
myZivs C. G. S c×wZ‡Z G Gi GKK dyne − cm2/gm2
F. P. S c×wZ‡Z G Gi GKK Poundal − ft2 /1b2
Ges M. K. S c×wZ‡Z G Gi GKK Newtons − m2/kg2 |
cÖkœ : 4| gnvKl© aª“eK G Gi gvb 6.673 × 10−11 Nm2 kg−2 Gi A_© wK?
(h.†ev. 2005; iv.†ev. 2004; wm.†ev. 2003; Kz.†ev. 2003; ewi.†ev. 2002; Xv. †ev. Õ99)
DËi : gnvKl© aªeK G Gi gvb 6.673 × 10−11Nm2kg−2 Gi A_© n‡”Q 1 kg f‡ii `ywU
e¯‘ 1m `チ‡i ¯’vcb Ki‡j Giv ci¯•i‡K 6.673 × 10−11 N e‡j AvKl©Y Ki‡e|
cÖkœ : 5| AwfKl©R Z¡iY ej‡Z wK eyS? (ewi.†ev. 2006; wm.†ev.
2005;Kz. †ev. iv. †ev. 2000; Xv.†ev. 2000; 2001; h.†ev. 2003; P.†ev. 2005)
DËi : AwfKl©R Z¡iY :
msÁv : AwfKl© e‡ji wµqvi d‡j f‚-c„‡ô gy³fv‡e coš マ e¯‘i †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi
nvi‡KB AwfKl©R Z¡iY e‡j| G‡K 'g' Øviv m チ wPZ Kiv nq|
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvÎv mgxKiY :
Avgiv Rvwb,
Z¡iY =
∴ AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvÎv mgxKiY g = = LT−2
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi GKK :
†h‡nZz Z¡iY = , ZvB−
79 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
A_©vr, T ∝
hLb, L aª“eK|
4. f‡ii m チ Î : †KŠwYK we¯ マ vi Aí n‡j Ges Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨
AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b mij‡`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj e‡ei fi,
AvqZb, Dcv`vb BZ¨vw`i Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
Y
cÖkœ : 13| GKwU QK KvM‡Ri X A‡¶i P
N
w`‡K mij‡`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ L Gi
wewfbœ gvb Ges Y A‡¶i w`‡K T2
Avbylw½K †`vjbKv‡ji eM© T Gi gvb
2
cÖkœ : 14| e¯‘i fi I IRb ej‡Z wK eyS? (wm. †ev. 2005; 2001; iv.†ev. 2002;
Xv. †ev. 2004)
A_ev, e¯‘i fi ej‡Z wK eyS? (iv.†ev. 2001; Xv.†ev. 2005)
DËi : fi :
msÁv : †Kvb e¯‘i wfZi c`v‡_©i †gvU cwigvY‡K e¯‘i fi ejv nq| fi‡K
mvaviYZ m Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
ˆewkó¨ : fi n‡”Q GKwU †fŠZ ivwk hv f‚-c„‡ô ev f‚-c„‡ôi Dc‡i e¯‘i
Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq bv| fi me©Î AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
A_©vr fi GKwU aª“e ivwk| mvaviY wbw³i mvnv‡h¨ e¯‘i fi cwigvc Kiv nq|
ivwk I gvÎv : fi GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk Ges gvÎv [ M ]
GKK : f‡ii Avš マ R©vwZK GKK wK‡jvMÖvg (kg).
IRb :
msÁv : †Kvb e¯‘‡K c„w_ex †h ej Øviv Zvi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K AvKl©Y K‡i Zv‡K
e¯‘i IRb e‡j| G‡K w Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
e¨vL¨v : †Kvb e¯‘i fi m Ges c„w_exi †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwfKl©R Z¡iY g n‡j H
¯’v‡b e¯‘i IRb w n‡e|
w = mg
ivwk I gvÎv : †h‡nZz IRb GKwU ej, myZivs GwU GKwU †fKUi ivwk| Gi w`K
c„w_exi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K| Gi gvÎv [M LT−2 ]
GKK : IR‡bi GKK nj e‡ji GKK A_©vr, wbDUb (N)|
cÖkœ : 15| f‚-c„‡ôi †Kvb ¯’v‡b †Kvb& e¯‘i IRb me‡P‡q †ewk Ges
†Kvb& ¯’v‡b me‡P‡q Kg n‡e †Kb?
DËi : f‚-c„‡ôi †gi“ A‡j e¯‘i IRb me‡P‡q †ewk nq Ges hZB welyexq A‡ji
w`‡K hvIqv hvq GKB e¯‘i IRb µgvMZ Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges welyexq A‡j Zv
me‡P‡q Kg nq| Gi KviY wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv nj|
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 82
2. fi GwU †¯‹jvi ivwk Ges GwU 2. IRb GKwU †fKUi ivwk Ges GwU
GKwU †gŠwjK ivwk| GKwU jä ivwk|
3. f‡ii gvÎv [ M ] 3. IR‡bi gvÎv [ MLT−2 ]
4. f‡ii GKK kg 4. IR‡bi GKK N
5. e¯‘i f‡ii †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv| 5. ¯’vb‡f‡` e¯‘i IRb cwiewZ©Z nq|
6. KZ¸‡jv wbw`©ó f‡ii mv‡_ Zzjbv 6. w¯•ªs wbw³i mvnv‡h¨ e¯‘i IRb
K‡i mvaviY wbw³i mvnv‡h¨ e¯‘i cwigvc
fi cwigvc Kiv nq| Kiv nq|
cÖkœ : 18| IRbnxbZv wK? e¯‘ †Kv_vq IRbnxb nq? (h.†ev. 2006; iv.†ev.
P.†ev. 2005; Xv. †ev. 2005;2002,2000, Kz.†ev. 2003)
DËi : IRbnxbZv :
†Kvb e¯‘i Dci cÖwZwµqv ej k チ b¨ n‡j e¯‘wUi †Kvb IRb Abyf‚Z nq bv|
A_©vr cÖwZwµqv ej k チ b¨ nIqvi Rb¨ e¯‘i IRb k チ b¨ Abyf‚Z nIqv‡K
IRbnxbZv e‡j|
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv hLb GKwU w¯’i cvUvZ‡bi Dci `uvovB ZLb Avgv‡`i IRb
wbævwfgyLx wµqv K‡i Ges Zv cvUvZ‡bi Dci cÖhy³ nq| wbDU‡bi Z…Zxq
m チ Î Abymv‡i cvUvZbI Avgv‡`i Dci mgvb I wecixZgyLx cÖwZwµqv ej
cÖ‡qvM K‡i| DaŸ©gyLx GB cÖwZwµqvi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡`i IRb Dcjwä
Kwi| ZvB †Kvb Kvi‡Y GB cÖwZwµqv ej k チ b¨ n‡j Avgiv IRbnxbZv Abyfe
Kwi|
e¯‘i IRb wbf©i K‡i g Gi Dci| myZivs †hLv‡b g = o †mLv‡bB e¯‘i IRb k チ b¨
n‡e−
1. Amxg `チ i‡Z¡
2. c„w_exi †K‡›`ª
3. c„w_ex, Puv` ev †Kvb MÖn-DcMÖ‡ni K¶c‡_| †hLv‡b G‡K A‡b¨i
AvKl©Y ej mgvb|
4. †Kvb e¯‘ g Z¡i‡Y bvg‡Z _vK‡j e¯‘wU wb‡R‡K IRbnxb g‡b Ki‡e|
†hgb− wjd‡Ui `wo
wQ‡o †M‡j|
cªkœ : 19| wjd‡Ui g‡a¨ †Kvb e¨w³ KLb IRbnxbZv Abyfe Ki‡eb?
DËi : a mgZ¡i‡Y hLb †Kvb wjdU wb‡Pi w`‡K bvg‡Z _v‡K ZLb wjd&‡Ui
g‡a¨ †Kvb e¨w³i Dci wb‡Pi w`‡K †gvU ej = mg − R
ev, ma = mg − R
ev, R = mg − ma ............................ (1)
GLv‡b, R = cÖwZwµqv ej|
†Kvb `チ N©UbvekZ wjd‡Ui †PBb wQ‡o †M‡j wjdUwU g Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡Z
_v‡K A_©vr, a = g nq|
myZivs mgxKiY (1) †_‡K cvB †jvKwUi Dci cÖwZwµqv ej
R = mg − mg = O
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 84
Abykxjbxi
iPbvg チ jK
85 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖkœ : 1| wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ ÎwU eY©bv I e¨vL¨v Ki Ges G †_‡K
gnvKlx©q aª“eK G-Gi msÁv `vI|
DËi : wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Î : (P.†ev. 2006; 2003; h.†ev. 2004; P. †ev. Õ99;
Xv.†ev. 2000)
Avgiv Rvwb GB gnvwe‡k¦ mKj e¯‘ G‡K Aci‡K AvKl©Y K‡i| GB AvKl©Y‡K
gnvKl© e‡j| GB AvKl©Y m¤•‡K© wbDUb GKwU m チ Î †ei K‡ib| GB
m チ ÎwU‡K wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Î e‡j|
m チ ÎwU wbæiƒc :
Ògnvwe‡k¦i cÖwZwU e¯‘KYv G‡K Aci‡K wb‡Ri w`‡K AvKl©Y K‡i Ges GB
AvKl©Y e‡ji gvb e¯‘KYv؇qi f‡ii ¸Yd‡ji mgvbycvwZK Ges Dnv‡`i
ga¨eZx© `チ i‡Z¡i e‡M©i e¨¯マ vbycvwZK Ges GB ej e¯‘KYv؇qi ms‡hvRK
†iLv eivei KvR K‡i|Ó
e¨vL¨v : g‡b Kwi m1 I m2 fi wewkó `yBwU e¯‘ ci¯•i n‡Z d `チ i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z|
Dnv‡`i ga¨Kvi AvKl©Y ej F n‡j m チ Îvbymv‡i,
F ∝ m1m2
Ges F ∝
GK‡Î- F ∝
ev, F = G .............................. (1)
GLv‡b, G GKwU mgvbycvwZK aª“eK| GB aª“eK‡K gnvKl© aª“eK e‡j|
gnvKl©xq aª“eK G-Gi msÁv :
wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Î n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb, m1 I m2 f‡ii `ywU e¯‘ d ` チ i‡Z¡
Ae¯’vb Ki‡j Ges Dnv‡`i g‡a¨ AvKl©Y ej F n‡j,
F ∝ m1m2
Ges F ∝
∴ F ∝
ev, F = G ............................. (2)
GLv‡b G → gnvKlx©q aª“eK| GB mgxKi‡Y m1 = 1, m2 = 1 Ges d = 1 n‡j F = G
n‡e|
A_©vr ci¯•i n‡Z GKB fi wewkó `yBwU e¯‘KYvi g‡a¨ †h AvKl©Y ej wµqv
K‡i DnvB gnvKlx©q aª“eK|
GB aª“e‡Ki gvb C. G. S c×wZ‡Z− 6.67 × 10−8
F. P. S c×wZ‡Z− 10.7 × 10 −9
∴F = mg ................................... (2)
mgxKiY (1) bs Ges (2) bs n‡Z Avgiv cvB,
mg = G
ev, g = ................................. (3)
(3) bs mgxKi‡Yi Wvbcv‡k e¯‘i fi m Abycw¯’Z; myZivs AwfKl©R Z¡iY e¯‘i
f‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i bv| †h‡nZz G Ges c„w_exi fi M aª“eK, ZvB g-Gi gvb
c„w_exi †K›`ª †_‡K e¯‘i ` チ iZ¡ d Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i| myZivs g-Gi gvb e¯‘
wbi‡c¶ n‡jI ¯’vb wbi‡c¶ bq|
cÖkœ : 4| f‚-c„‡ôi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b AwfKl©R Z¡iY wewfbœ nIqvi
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 88
F = mg
∴ mg1 = G .......................................... (3)
Ges mg2 = G .......................................... (4)
GLv‡b, g1 Ges g2 h_vµ‡g welye‡iLv I †gi“ A‡ji gva¨vKl©Y RwbZ Z¡iY|
mgxKiY (3) †K (4) Øviv fvM K‡i,
× ev, =
∴ R1 > R2
∴ g2 > g1
A_©vr †gi“ A‡j welye‡iLv AÂj A‡c¶v gva¨vKl©Y RwbZ Z¡i‡Yi gvb †ewk|
e¯‘ f‚-c„‡ôi Af¨š マ ‡i hvevi `i“b :
g‡b Kwi, m f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ h MfxiZvq c„w_exi Af¨š マ ‡ i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q| c„w_exi
fi M n‡j Ges Zvi e¨vmva© d n‡j, wbDU‡bi gnvKl© m チ Î Abyhvqx,
F = G .......................... (1)
GLv‡b, F = ej d
G = gva¨vKl©Y RwbZ aªyeK
d − h = c„w_exi †K›`ª n‡Z e¯‘i d-h
†K‡›`ªi `チ iZ¡|
wKš‘ wbDU‡bi wØZxq m チ Î n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb,
F = mg
ev, mg= G
ev, g = .................................... (2)
wKš‘ Avgiv Rvwb, M = Vρ
GLv‡b, ρ = NbZ¡
V = AvqZb = π (d − h) 3
∴ M = π (d − h)3 ρ
mgxKi‡Y (2) bs -G M Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB−
g = G
= G π (d − h) ρ .................... (3)
GLv‡b, G, , ρ, d cÖ‡Z¨‡KB aª“e msL¨v|
∴ g ∝ (d − h)
A_©vr h Gi gvb hLbB Kg n‡e g Gi gvb ZLb evo‡e Ges h Gi gvb evo‡j g Gi
gvb Kg n‡e|
c„w_exi AvwýK MwZi `i“b :
Avgiv Rvwb, c„w_ex wbR A‡¶ cwðg n‡Z c チ e©w`‡K cÖ`w¶Y K‡i| c„w_ex
hw` w¯’i _vKZ Ges GKwU mylg †MvjK nZ Zv n‡j c„w_exi me©Î AwfKl©R
Z¡i‡Yi gvb mgvb nZ Ges H Z¡iY c„w_exi †K‡›`ªi w`K AwfgyLx nZ, wKš‘
c„w_exi ˆ`wbK N チ Y©bMwZi d‡j AwfKl© e‡ji wKQy Ask Ac‡K›`ª ej‡K
wbw¯Œq Ki‡Z e¨q nq| ZvB, AwfKl© Z¡iY cÖK…Z gvb A‡c¶v wKQy Kg
nq| c„w_exi e¨vmva© me RvqMvq mgvb n‡jI AvwýK MwZi Rb¨ f‚-c„‡ô g
Gi gvb mgvb nZ bv|
cÖkœ : 5| coš マ e¯‘i m チ θ‡jv eY©bv I e¨vL¨v Ki| (Xv.†ev. 2006; iv.†ev.
2003)
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 90
DËi : coš マ e¯‘i m チ Îvewj : †Kvb e¯‘‡K AwfKl© e‡ji cÖfv‡e gy³fv‡e
co‡Z w`‡j e¯‘i MwZ wZbwU m チ Î †g‡b P‡j| 1589 Lªxóv‡ã weÁvbx
M¨vwjwjI m チ Î wZbwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| m チ θ‡jv wb‡æ cÖ`Ë nj−
cÖ_g m チ Î : w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K Ges GKB D”PZv †_‡K webv evavq
coš マ mKj e¯‘ mgvb mg‡q mgvb c_ AwZµg K‡i|
wØZxq m チ Î : w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv evavq coš マ e¯‘i wbw`©ó
mg‡q (t) cÖvß †eM (v) H mg‡qi mgvbycvwZK| A_©vr v ∝ t.
Z…Zxq m チ Î : w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv evavq coš マ e¯‘ wbw`©ó
mg‡q †h ` チ iZ¡ (h) AwZµg K‡i Zv H mg‡qi (t) e‡M©i
mgvbycvwZK A_©vr h ∝ t2.
coš マ e¯‘i m チ Îvewji e¨vL¨v :
cÖ_g m チ ‡ Îi e¨vL¨v : †QvU, eo ev wewfbœ IR‡bi KZ¸‡jv e¯‘ GKB D”PZv
I w¯’ive¯’v n‡Z †Q‡o w`‡j evavnxb c‡_ Zviv mgvb ` チ i‡Z¡ A_©vr Z¡i‡Y
MwZkxj _vK‡e Ges GKB mg‡q gvwU‡Z co‡e|
wØZxq m チ ‡ Îi e¨vL¨v : wØZxq m チ Îvbymv‡i v ∝ t A_©vr †Kvb e¯‘‡K
hw` w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv evavq co‡Z
†`Iqv nq Z‡e cÖ_g †m‡K‡Û hw` GwU v †eM AR©b K‡i Z‡e wØZxq †m‡KÛ
c‡i GwU 2v †eM AR©b Ki‡e|
myZivs t1, t2, t3............. †m‡KÊ c‡i hw` e¯‘i †eM h_vµ‡g v1, v2, v3 ........... BZ¨vw` nq
Z‡e GB m チ Îvbymv‡i,
................................. = aª“eK|
Z…Zxq m チ ‡Îi e¨vL¨v :
Z…Zxq m チ Îvbymv‡i h ∝ t2 A_©vr †Kvb e¯‘‡K hw` w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv
evavq co‡Z †`Iqv nq Z‡e GK †m‡K‡Ê hw` GwU h `チ iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Z‡e `yB
†m‡K‡Ê GwU h × 22 ev 4h `チ iZ¡, wZb †m‡K‡Û GwU h × 32 ev 9h `チ iZ¡ AwZµg
Ki‡e| myZivs t1, t2, t3-------- †m‡K‡Û hw` e¯‘i AwZµvš マ ` チ iZ¡ m_vµ‡g h1, h2, h3
.............. BZ¨vw` nq; Z‡e
.................................= aª“eK|
cwiewZ©Z nq|
A_©vr T ∝ hLb g aª“e|
e¨vL¨v : GB m チ Îvbymv‡i †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b (A_©vr g aª“e n‡j Avi mij
†`vj‡Ki †KŠwYK we¯ マ vi Aí n‡j) †`vjbKvj †`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix ˆ`‡N©¨i
eM©g チ ‡ ji mgvbycvwZK n‡e| GKwU †`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ 4 ¸Y Ki‡j
†`vjbKvj 2 ¸Y n‡e, Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ 9 ¸Y Ki‡j †`vjbKvj 3 ¸Y n‡e|
L1, L2, L3 .............. Kvh©Kix ˆ`‡N©¨i Rb¨ †`vjbKvj h_vµ‡g T1, T2, T3 n‡j GB
m チ Îvbymv‡i,
T ∝
A_©vr, = = ......................... = aª“e
ev, = = ............................ = aª“e|
3. Z¡i‡Yi m チ Î : †KŠwYK we¯マ vi Aí n‡j Ges mij †`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨
(L) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j Gi †`vjbKvj (T) AwfKl©R Z¡iY (g) -Gi eM©g チ ‡ ji
e¨¯マ vbycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z nq|
A_©vr, T ∝ hLb L aª“e|
e¨vL¨v : GB m チ Îvbymv‡i †Kvb mij †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ w¯’i †i‡L hw` c„w_exi
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ev f‚-c„ô †_‡K wewfbœ D”PZvq wb‡q hvIqv hvq Ges Aí
†KŠwYK we¯マ v‡i †`vjK‡K `yj‡Z †`Iqv hvq Z‡e †`vjbKvjI wfbœ n‡e Ges Zv
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi eM©g チ‡ji e¨¯マ vbycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z n‡e|
AwfKl©R Z¡iY fvM n‡j †`vjbKvj 2 ¸Y n‡e, AwfKl©R Z¡iY fvM n‡j †`vjbKvj
3 ¸Y n‡e|
g1, g2, g3 ...... BZ¨vw` AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi ¯’v‡b †`vjbKvj h_vµ‡g T1, T2 , T3 ......
BZ¨vw` n‡j GB m チ Îvbymv‡i,
T ∝
A_©vr, T1 = T2 = T3 = .......................... = aª“e
ev, g1 = g2 = g3 ................................. = aª“e|
4. f‡ii m チ Î : †KŠwYK we¯ マ vi Aí n‡j Ges Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ AcwiewZ©Z
_vK‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b mij †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj e‡ei fi, AvqZb, Dcv`vb
BZ¨vw`i Dci wbf©i K‡i bv| wewfbœ fi, AvqZb ev Dcv`v‡bi e‡ei R‡b¨
†`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj GKB nq|
e¨vL¨v : GB m チ Îvbymv‡i mij †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj e‡ei fi, AvqZb, NbZ¡
BZ¨vw`i Dci wbf©i K‡i bv| †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ w¯’i †i‡L †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b
†KŠwYK we¯ マ vi 40-Gi g‡a¨ `yj‡Z w`‡j Zv‡Z †QvU †nvK eo †nvK, nvjKv
†nvK Avi fvix †nvK, Zvgvi †nvK Avi †mvbvi †nvK †`vjb Kv‡ji †Kvb
cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
cÖkœ : 8| mij †`vj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb ¯’v‡bi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb
wbY©‡qi cix¶v eY©bv Ki|
DËi : mij †`vj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ 'g' Gi gvb wbY©q : (Xv.†ev. Õ99 ; P. †ev. 2001 ;
Kz. †ev. 2001 ; h. †ev. 2000)
g チ jZË¡ : mij †`vj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
93 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
mgxKiYwU nj−
T = 2π GLv‡b, T = †`vjbKvj
L = Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨
g = AwfKl©R Z¡iY|
GB mgxKiY‡K eM© K‡i cvB−
T2 = 4π2
∴ g = 4π2 ................................ (1)
GLv‡b GKwU †`vj‡Ki L Ges T Gi gvb †R‡b g
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kvh© c×wZ : GKwU ûK n‡Z k³ myZv Szwj‡q Zv‡Z GKwU †MvjK Szwj‡q
mij †`vjK ˆZwi Kwi|
L wbY©q : cÖ_‡g wgUvi †¯‹‡ji mvnv‡h¨
mij †`vj‡Ki myZvi ˆ`N©¨ l †ei Kwi| Gici
GKwU úvBW K¨vwjcv‡m©i mvnv‡h¨
†`vj‡Ki e¨vm I Zv n‡Z e¨vmva© r
wbY©q Kwi| GLb †`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix
ˆ`N©¨ L = l + r
T wbY©q : cix¶vMv‡i †`vj‡bi †KŠwYK
we¯ マ vi 40 Gi gv‡S mxgve× †i‡L Öc
Iqv‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ 20 ev 25 †`vj‡bi mgq
wbY©q Kwi| †gvU mgq‡K †`vjb msL¨v
Øviv fvM K‡i †`vjbKvj T †ei Kwi|
↑
AsKb Kiv nq| †jLwPÎwU g チ j we›`yMvgx T 2
∴ g = 4π2 = 4π2
cÖkœ : 9| e¯‘i IRb Kv‡K e‡j? wewfbœ ¯’v‡b e¯‘i IRb wewfbœ nq
†Kb e¨vL¨v Ki|
(wm.†ev. 2005; wm.†ev. 2005; e.†ev. 2001; P.†ev.2000; m.†ev.Õ99)
DËi : IRb : †Kvb e¯‘‡K c„w_ex †h ej Øviv Zvi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K AvKl©Y K‡i
Zv‡K e¯‘i IRb e‡j| G‡K w Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
†Kvb e¯‘i fi m Ges c„w_exi †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwfKl©R Z¡iY g n‡j H ¯’v‡b e¯‘i IRb
w n‡e|
w = mg
ivwk : †h‡nZz IRb GKwU ej, myZivs GwU GKwU †f±i ivwk| Gi w`K
c„w_exi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K|
GKK : IR‡bi GKK nj e‡ji GKK, A_©vr wbDUb (N)|
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b e¯‘i IRb wewfbœ nIqvi KviY :
e¯‘i IRb AwfKl©R Z¡iY g Gi Dci wbf©ikxj| myZivs †h mKj Kvi‡Y AwfKl©R
Z¡i‡Yi cwieZ©b N‡U †m mKj Kvi‡Y e¯‘i IRbI cwiewZ©Z nq| ¯’vb‡f‡` e¯‘i
IR‡bi cwieZ©b nq| †h mKj Kvi‡Y IR‡bi cwieZ©b nq Zv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv
nj−
K. f‚-c„‡ôi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b : f‚-c„‡ôi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b `ywU Kvi‡Y e¯‘i IRb
cwiewZ©Z nq| h_v−
1. c„w_exi AvK…wZi Rb¨
2. c„w_exi AvwýK MwZi Rb¨
1. c„w_exi AvK…wZi Rb¨ : Avgiv Rvwb, f‚-c„‡ôi †Kvb ¯’v‡b
AwfKl©R Z¡iY,
g =
GLv‡b, G = gnvKlx©q aª“eK
M = c„w_exi fi
R = c„w_exi fi
c„w_ex mylg †MvjK bv nIqvq R Gi gvb wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ nq|
†h‡nZz g Gi gvb c„w_exi †K›`ª †_‡K `チ i‡Z¡i Dci wbf©i K‡i| ZvB †gi“ A‡ji
†P‡q welyexq A‡j c„w_exi e¨vmva© me‡P‡q †ewk nIqvq g Gi gvb
me‡P‡q Kg, d‡j IRbI me‡P‡q Kg|
welyexq AÂj †_‡K †gi“ A‡ji w`‡K hZ †ewk hvIqv hvq R Gi gvb ZZ Kg‡Z
_v‡K Ges g-Gi gvb evo‡Z _v‡K| Gi d‡j e¯‘i IRbI evo‡Z _v‡K| †gi“ A‡j
e¨vmva© me‡P‡q Kg nIqvq g-Gi gvb me‡P‡q †ewk, d‡j IRbI me‡P‡q
†ewk|
2. c„w_exi AvwýK MwZi Rb¨ : c„w_ex hw` mylg †MvjKI nZ Z_vwc
c„w_exi AvwýK MwZi Rb¨ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b e¯‘i IRb wewfbœ nZ|
MvwYwZK wn‡me g‡Z, c„w_exi AvwýK MwZi Rb¨ g-Gi gvb welyexq
AÂj †_‡K †gi“ A‡ji w`‡K µgk e„w× cvq| Gi d‡j e¯‘i IRbI e„w× cvq|
L. f‚-c„ô †_‡K D”PZi †Kvb ¯’v‡b : Avgiv Rvwb, f‚-c„ô †_‡K D”PZi
†Kvb ¯’v‡b
95 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g =
Dc‡ii mgxKiY †_‡K †`Lv hvq, f‚-c„ô †_‡K hZ Dc‡i DVv hvq h Gi gvb e„w×i
mv‡_ mv‡_ g Gi gvb Kg‡Z _v‡K| d‡j e¯‘i IRbI Kg‡Z _vK‡e| G Kvi‡Y cvnvo
ev ce©Zkx‡l© e¯‘i IRb Kg nq|
M. c„w_exi Af¨š マ ‡ i †Kvb ¯’v‡b : c„w_exi Af¨š マ ‡ i f‚-c„ô †_‡K h
MfxiZvq AwfKl©R Z¡iY,
g = ev, g =
GLv‡b, M = AvqZb × NbZ¡
=
ρ =c„w_exi NbZ¡
∴g =
GB mgxKiY †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, c„w_exi Af¨š マ ‡ i †K‡›`ªi hZ KvQvKvwQ
hvIqv hv‡e h Gi gvb e„w×i mv‡_ g Gi gvb Kg‡Z _vK‡e| d‡j e¯‘i IRbI
µgvMZ Kg‡Z _vK‡e| c„w_exi †K‡›`ª h = R n‡e d‡j g = o nIqvq e¯‘i IRbI k チ b¨
n‡e|
cÖkœ : 10| wjd&‡U Ges gnvk チ ‡b¨ IR‡bi ZviZg¨ nq †Kb e¨vL¨v Ki|
(iv.†ev. 2002)
DËi : wjd&‡U IR‡bi ZviZg¨ nIqvi KviY : †h‡nZz †Kvb e¯‘i Dci c„w_exi
AvKl©Y ejB e¯‘i IRb, ZvB c„w_exi GB AvKl©Y ej Z_v IRb wbf©i K‡i
AwfKl©R Z¡iY (g) Gi gv‡bi Dci| wjd&‡U P‡o DPz `vjv‡b DVvbvgv Kivi mgq
Avgiv IR‡bi ZviZg¨ Abyfe Kwi| Gi KviY wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv nj|
K) wjd&U hLb w¯’i _v‡K :
Avgiv hLb †Kvb w¯’i wjd&‡U `vovB ZLb Avgiv wjd&‡Ui †g‡Si Dci
Avgv‡`i IR‡bi mgvb ej (mg) cÖ‡qvM Kwi, wjd&UI Avgv‡`i Dci mgvb I
wecixZgyLx cÖwZwµqv ej ( − mg) cÖ‡qvM K‡i GRb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡`i
IR‡bi Aw¯マ Z¡ †Ui cvB|
L) hLb wjd&U Dc‡ii w`‡K hvÎv ïi“ K‡i :
w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K hvÎv Kivq wjd&‡Ui Dc‡ii w`‡K GKwU Z¡iY,
a m„wó nq| G‡¶‡Î Avgv‡`i Dci Dc‡ii w`‡K,
†gvU ej = R − mg
ev, ma = R − mg
ev, R = ma + mg
ev, R > mg..................................... (1)
AZGe, G mgq cÖwZwµqv ej R Avgv‡`i IRb mg Gi †P‡q †ewk nIqvq
wb‡R‡`i‡K fvix Abyfe Kwi|
M)hLb wjd&U mg‡e‡M Dc‡i DV‡Z _v‡K :
G mgq wjd&‡Ui Z¡iY a = o
∴ (1) bs mgxKiY †_‡K cvB R = mg
AZGe, Avgiv Avgv‡`i IR‡bi mgvb cÖwZwµqv ej Abyfe Kivq IRb
¯^vfvweK g‡b nq|
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 96
MvwYwZK
mgm¨vewj I
mgvavb
MvwYwZK
D`vniYmg チ n
D`v : 1| 10 kg Ges 20 kg f‡ii `ywU e¯‘‡K 2 m ` チ ‡ i ivLv nj| hw`
gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb 6.673 × 10−11 Nm2kg−2 nq, Z‡e e¯‘ `ywUi g‡a¨ e‡ji
gvb †ei Ki| (e.†ev. 2003)
Abyiƒc cÖkœ : 20 kg Ges 30kg Gi `ywU e¯‘‡K ` チ ‡ i ivLv nj| hw`
gnvKl©xq aª“e‡Ki gvb 6.673 × 10−11 Nm2kg−2 nq Z‡e e¯‘ `ywUi g‡a¨ e‡ji
gvb †ei Ki| (Kz.†ev. 2004)
mgvavb:
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
F = G 1g e¯‘i fi, m1 = 10 kg
F = 2q e¯‘i fi, m2 = 20 kg
= 3.34 × 10−9 N
`チ iZ¡, d = 2m
gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G =
6.673 × 10−11 Nm2kg−2
ej, F = ?
DËi : ej, F = 3.34 × 10 N.
−9
gnvKlx©q aªzeK, G =
?
DËi : gnvKlx©q aª“eK, G = 6.673 × 10 Nm kg −11 2 −2
Abykxjbxi MvwYwZK
mgm¨vi mgvavb
mgm¨v : 1| 40 kg Ges 50 kg f‡ii `yRb QvÎ 5m ` チ ‡ i `uvwo‡q _vK‡j Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ KZ gnvKl© ej wµqv Ki‡e? G = 6.673 × 10−11 Nm2kg−2.
(h.†ev. 2004; iv. †ev. 2001)
mgvavb:
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
F = G 1g Qv‡Îi fi, m1 = 40 kg
ev, F = 6.673×10−11Nm2kg−2× 2q Qv‡Îi fi, m2 = 50 kg
103 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
mgm¨v : 2| 100g Ges 500g f‡ii `ywU †MvjK‡K 10 cm ` チ ‡ i ¯’vcb Ki‡j G‡`i
g‡a¨ AvKl©Y ej nq 3.3365 × 10−10 N| gnvKlx©q aª“e‡Ki gvb †ei Ki|
mgvavb:
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
F = G 1g †Mvj‡Ki fi, m1 = 100 g =
0.1 kg
ev, G =
2q †Mvj‡Ki fi, m2 = 500 g =
=
0.5 kg
`チ iZ¡, d = 10 cm = 10 × 10−2 m
g = c„w_exi e¨vmva©, R =
ev, M = 6.37 × 106 m
=
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.81 ms−2
gnvKl©xq aª“eK, G =
6.673 × 10−11 Nm2 kg−2
c„w_exi fi, M = ?
= 5.965 × 10 kg
24
AwZwi³ MvwYwZK
mgm¨vi mgvavb
mgm¨v : 1| 30 ms−1 †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbw¶ß GKwU e¯‘
m‡e©v”P KZ D”PZvq †cŠuQv‡e? GLv‡b g = 9.8ms−2| (iv. †ev. 2004)
mgvavb:
wbw¶ß e¯‘i mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,− GLv‡b,
v2
= u − 2gH
2
Avw`‡eM, u = 30 ms−1
0 = (30)2 − 2 × 9.8 × H †kl‡eM, v = 0 ms−1
19.6H = 900 AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8ms−2
H =
m‡e©v”P D”PZv, H =?
= 45.91836
= 45.92m.
DËi : e¯‘wU m‡e©v”P 45.92m D”PZvq DV‡e|
mgm¨v : 2| GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ 2.45 m| †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwZKl©R
Z¡iY 9.8ms−2 n‡j H ¯’v‡b †`vjKwUi †`vjbKvj wbY©q Ki| (mKj †evW©-
Õ98)
mgvavb:
†`vjbKvj, (T) wbY©q : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
GLb, T = 2π Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨, L =
= 2 × 3.14 2.45m
= 3.14s. AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8ms−2
mgm¨v : 3| GKwU e¯‘‡K 98 ms−1 †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c Kiv
n‡jv| KZ mgq c‡i Gi †eM 0 n‡e|
mgvavb: (Xv.†ev. 2003)
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
EaŸ©Mvgx †e‡Mi Rb¨, Avw` †eM, u = 98 ms−1
v = u − gt †kl †eM, v = 0ms−1
ev, t = = = 10 sec mgq, t = ?
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms−2
DËi : 10 sec ci Gi †eM 0 n‡e|
mgm¨v : 4| †Kvb ¯’v‡b cix¶v K‡i Gi gvb 0.24ms−2 cvIqv †Mj| †mB
¯’v‡b g Gi gvb KZ? (h.†ev. 2003)
mgvavb:
Avgiv Rvwb, †`Iqv Av‡Q,
g = 4π 2
= 0.24ms−2
= 4 × (3.14)2 × 0.24 ms−2
= 4 × 9.86 × 0.24
= 9.46 ms−2
Ans. 9.46 ms−2.
ev, r = − 0.99
ev, r = 0.9929 − 0.99
r = 0.0029
∴ = 0.0029
∴ d = 0.0058 m.
= 0.58 cm.
DËi : e‡ei e¨vm 0.58 cm.
ˆbe©¨w³K
cÖ‡kœvËi
Abykxjbxi eû wbe©vPbx cÖ‡kœvËi : mwVK DËiwUi cv‡k wUK (√)
wPý `vI|
1. GB gnvwe‡k¦i †h †Kvb `yBwU ✓ M. T ∝ K. T ∝ L2
e¯‘i g‡a¨ †h AvKl©Y Zv‡K wK 4. †Kvb e¯‘i IRb †Kv_vq me‡P‡q
e‡j? (wm.†ev. 2003) †ewk nq?
(wm.†ev. 2002; iv.†ev. 2001; Kz.†ev.
✓ K. gnvKl© L. AwfKl© Õ99; 2000; P.†ev. Õ99)
M. gva¨vKl©Y N. w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv K. welye A‡j ✓L. †gi“ A‡ji
2. gnvKl© aª“eK G Gi GKK M. cvnv‡oi Dc‡i N.
†KvbwU? Lwbi wfZ‡i
(Xv.†ev. P.†ev. 2000; 2002; m.†ev. Õ98) 5. wjd&‡Ui †Kvb Ae¯’vi Rb¨ †Kvb
✓ K. Nm2 kg−2 L. Kg ms−2 e¨w³ IRbnxbZv Abyfe Ki‡Z
M. Nm kg−1 N. N kg m−2 cv‡ib? (iv.†ev. 2005; Kz.†ev. 2000)
3. †KŠwYK we¯vi Aí n‡j †Kvb K. wjd&UwU hLb mg‡e‡M Dc‡ii
wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b mij †`vj‡Ki w`‡K I‡V
†`vjbKvj T Ges Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ L. wjd&UwU hLb mg‡e‡M wb‡P
L Gi m¤•K© †KvbwU? (Xv.†ev. bv‡g
2006; 2004; 2001; Kz.†ev. 2003) M. wjd&UwU hLb g Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i
K. T ∝ L L. T ∝ I‡V
109 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
K. v = t ✓ L. v ∝ t ✓ M. 6 ¸Y Kg N. mgvb
M. v ∝ t2 N. v ∝ 45| 5 kg f‡ii e¯‘i †eM kb¨ n‡j Gi
36| IR‡bi gvÎv †KvbwU? [Xv.†ev. fi‡eM KZ n‡e?
2005; P.†ev. 2002] K. 5 GKK L. 1 GKK
K. [MLT1] ✓ L. [MLT−2] M. 0.5 GKK ✓ N. 0 GKK
M. [ML−2T−1] N. [ML2T−2] 46| wbw¶ß e¯‘i m‡e©v”P
37| GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ L D”PZvq †kl †eM KZ?
myZvi ˆ`N©¨ Ges e‡ei (Kz.†ev. 2005; iv.†ev. 2003)
e¨vmva© r n‡j †m †¶‡Î †KvbwU K. 9.8 ms−1 L. −9.8 ms−1
mwVK mgxKiY?
[h.†ev. 2006] ✓ M. 6.673 × 10−11N N. 6.673 × 1011N
K. 1 = L + r L. 1 = L × r 47| BDwi M¨vMvwib †Kvb&
✓ M. L = 1 + r N. L = 1 − r †`‡ki Awaevmx? (iv.†ev. 2003)
38| Szjb we›`y †_‡K e‡ei fvi †K›`ª K. Av‡gwiKvi L. Rvcv‡bi
ch©š `iZ¡‡K wK ejv nq? ✓ M. †mvwf‡qU BDwbq‡bi N.
K. myZvi ˆ`N©¨ ✓ L. Avie †`‡ki
Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ 48| AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb
M. we¯vi N. K¤•v¼ me‡P‡q †ewk †Kv_vq?
39| †Kvb e¯‘i AwfKl© †K›`ª KqwU? [ewi.†ev. 2006; Kz.†ev. 2000]
[iv.†ev. 2006; P.†ev. 2001]
✓ K. †gi“ A‡j L. welye A‡j
✓ K. 1wU L. 2wU M. µvšxq A‡j N.mgy`ª M‡f©
M. A‡bK¸‡jv N. 3wU 49| c„w_ex‡Z †Kvb e¯‘i fi 60 kg
40| KZ mv‡j me©cÖ_g gvbyl n‡j Puv‡` H e¯‘i fi KZ? (Kz.†ev.
c„w_ex‡K cwiågY Ki‡Z 2004; Xv.†ev. 2003)
m¶g nq? K. 10 Kg ✓ L. 60 Kg
K. 1661 mv‡j L. 1761 mv‡j M. 15 Kg N. 0 Kg
M. 1861 mv‡j ✓ N. 1961 mv‡j 50| 450 A¶vs‡k mgy`ª mgZ‡j gÑGi
41| m f‡ii †Kvb e¨w³ GKwU wjd‡U gvb KZ?(P.†ev. 2003)
g-Gi mgvb Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡Z
A_ev, AwfKl©R Z¡iY 'g' Gi
_vK‡j Zvi IRb KZ n‡e? Av`k©gvb KZ? [Kz.†ev. 2006;
K. mg ✓ L. 2mg Õ04]
M. O N. mg2 K. 9.78918 ms−2 L. 9.8 3217 ms−2
42| cÖ_g gwnjv gnvkb¨Pvixi bvg ✓ M. 9.8066 5ms−2 N. 9.72851 ms−2
wK? 51| 1 kg f‡ii `yBwU e¯‘ 1 wgUvi
✓ K. †f‡jbwUbv †U‡im‡Kvfv `‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡j Giv ci¯•i‡K †K
L. †f‡jbv wWbv KZ e‡j AvKl©Y K‡i?
M. DB‡jv n¨v‡jbfv (wm.†ev. 2006; h.†ev; Kz.†ev. 2003)
N. M¨v‡jbv·‡Kv K. 6.673 × 1010 N L. 6.673 × 1010N
43| gnvkb¨Pvix gnvkb¨hv‡b M. 98 ms−1 ✓ N. 6.673 × 10−11N
c„w_ex cÖ`w¶YiZ _vKvi mgq 52| gnvk‡b¨ Awfhv‡bi eo evav
wb‡R‡K IRbnxb g‡b K‡ib †Kb? †KvbwU?
K. H `i‡Z¡ c„w_exi †Kvb K. Aw·‡R‡bi Afve L. Lv`¨en‡bi
gnvKl©xq ej bvB Amyweav
✓ L. gnvkb¨Pvix g- Gi gv‡bi mgvb ✓ M. c„w_exi AwfKl© ej N. Av‡jvi
gv‡b Z¡wiZ nq Afve
M. gnvkb¨hv‡bi †eM 53| mij †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj T Ges
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ L Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb
N. gnvkb¨hvb gnvkb¨Pvixi †P‡q m¤•K©wU mwVK? (wm.†ev. 06;
axi MwZ‡Z P‡j e.†ev. 2003)
44| Puv‡` †Kvb e¯‘i IRb c„w_ex
n‡ZÑ K. T ∝ L L. T ∝
K. 7 ¸Y Kg L. 3 ¸Y Kg ✓ M. T2 ∝ L N. T ∝ L2
gnvKl© I AwfKl© 112