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cÖ
_g Aa¨vq
8
kã ✍
GK bR‡i cÖkœvewj
msw¶ß DËi cÖ‡kœvËi 2005)
cÖkœ : 1| kã Kx? cÖkœ : 12| ev`yo wKfv‡e c_ P‡j?
A_ev, k‡ãi msÁv `vI| (iv. †ev. Õ99) (iv.†ev. ewi.†ev. 2006; Kz.†ev.
cÖkœ : 2| kã wKfv‡e Drcbœ nq? 2003)
(iv. †ev. Õ99) cÖkœ : 13| kã `チ lY wK?
A_ev, K¤•‡bi d‡jB kã DrcwË nq, e¨vL¨v (Xv.†ev. h.†ev. 2000 ; m.†ev.
Ki| Õ98; h.†ev. ewi.†ev. 2006;
cÖkœ : 3| evZv‡m kã Zi½ wKfv‡e 2002; Kz.†ev. 2001; Xv.†ev.
mÂvwiZ nq? 2003; P.†ev. 2003)
cÖkœ : 4| ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j evZv‡m k‡ãi Abykxjbxi iPbvg チ jK
`ª“wZ wKiƒc cwieZ©b nq? cÖkœ : 1| GKwU cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI †h,
(wm.†ev. 2006; P.†ev. 2000) K¤•bkxj e¯‘ †_‡K kã Drcbœ nq|
A_ev, k‡ãi `ª“wZi Dci ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve A_ev, kã Drcbœ nIqvi KviY wK? cix¶v
Av‡jvPbv Ki| Øviv cÖgvY Ki|
cÖkœ : 5| k‡ãi cÖwZdjb ej‡Z wK eyS? cÖkœ : 2| evqyi ga¨ w`‡q kã mÂvi‡Yi
(Xv.†ev. wm.†ev. 2004; Kz.†ev. †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Ki| (Xv.†ev. 2004;
2000) wm.†ev. 2002; e.†ev. 2003; iv.†ev.
A_ev, wUKv †jL : k‡ãi cÖwZdjb| 2003)
cÖkœ : 6| cÖwZaŸwb Kv‡K e‡j? A_ev, evqyi ga¨ w`‡q wKfv‡e kã mÂvwjZ
(Xv. †ev. Õ99 ; P. †ev. Õ06; Õ99; nq e¨vL¨v Ki| (P.†ev. 2004; iv. †ev.
ewi.†ev. 2005; 2004; Õ99 ; 2001)
2002;wm.†ev. 2006; 2001; P.†ev. cÖkœ : 3| GKwU cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY
2003; h.†ev. 2006; 2003) Ki †h kã mÂvi‡Yi Rb¨ Ro gva¨‡gi
cÖkœ : 7| cÖwZaŸwb wKfv‡e m„wó nq? cÖ‡qvRb| (P.†ev.iv.†ev.Õ99)
(h. †ev. Õ99 ; m. †ev. Õ98) A_ev, gva¨g Qvov wK kã mÂvwjZ n‡Z
cÖkœ : 8| cÖwZaŸwb †kvbvi Rb¨ Drm I cv‡i? KviY `k©vI|
cÖwZdj‡Ki g‡a¨ b チ ¨bZg ` チ iZ¡ KZ cÖkœ : 4| 300C ZvcgvÎvq k‡ãi Drm I
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb? (Xv.†ev. Õ99) cÖwZdj‡Ki g‡a¨ b チ ¨bZg ` チ iZ¡ KZ
cÖkœ : 9| kÖve¨Zvi cvjv ej‡Z wK †evS? n‡j k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb †kvbv hvq
(h. †ev. Õ99 ; P. †ev. 2005; Õ99 ; wbY©q Ki| (wm.†ev. 2004;
iv. †ev. e. †ev. 2001; Kz.†ev. ewi.†ev. 2005; Xv. †ev. Õ99 ;
P.†ev. 2002; 2005) Kz. †ev. 2006; 2000; P.†ev.
cÖkœ : 10| k‡ãvËi I k‡ãZi Zi½ ej‡Z wK 2002; h.†ev. 2006; 2003)
eyS? cÖkœ : 5| cÖwZaŸwbi mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e
A_ev, wUKv †jL : k‡ãvËi Zi½, (h.†ev. K‚‡ci MfxiZv wbY©q Kiv hvq eY©bv
2004; wm.†ev. 2002; 2005; iv.†ev. Ki| (wm.†ev. h.†ev. 2006; h.†ev.
Õ99) 2000 ; e.†ev. 2001; Kz.†ev, h.†ev.
k‡ãZi Zi½ (P.†ev. Õ99; wm.†ev. 2002; iv.†ev. Xv.†ev. 2005)
2002; h.†ev. Õ99) A_ev, †`LvI †h, MfxiZvi †¶‡Î h = vt hLb
cÖkœ : 11| k‡ãvËi Zi‡½i K‡qKwU e¨envi
ms‡KZ¸‡jv cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i|
D‡jL Ki| (P. †ev. 2000; wm.†ev.
184 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
cÖkœ : 6| kã `チ lY ej‡Z wK eyS Av‡jvPbv cv_i †Q‡o w`j Ges cv_iwU
Ki| (iv.†ev. 2006; Xv.†ev. 2000 ; cvwb‡Z cvZvq cvwb wQU‡K
h.†ev.2000 ; Kz.†ev. 2001) DV‡Z †`Lj| wKš‘ kã ïb‡Z †cj †m.
A_ev, kã ` チ l‡Yi cÖwZwµqv Ges `ylY †iv‡ai c‡i| k‡ãi `ª“wZ 330 m/s n‡j Kzqvi
Dcvq Av‡jvPbv Ki| KZ wb‡P cvwb Av‡Q?
A_ev, kã `チ l‡Yi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv wjL| (P.†ev. mgm¨v : 2| hw` Zzwg 27.5 wg. Mfxi †Kvb
iv.†ev. ewi.†ev. 2005) Kzqvi Kv‡Q `uvwo‡q nvZ Zvwj
A_ev, UxKv †jL : kã `ylY| `vI Zvnj KZ¶Y ci Zzwg †Zvgvi
AwZwi³ cÖ‡kœvËi Zvwji aŸwb ïb‡Z cv‡e?
cÖkœ : 1| GKwU cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki mgm¨v : 3| GK e¨w³ GKwU DPz †`qvj
†h, k‡ãi cÖwZdjb N‡U| †_‡K 550 wg. ` チ ‡ i `uvwo‡q wc¯マ j
cÖkœ : 2| kãvbyf‚wZi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj wK? †_‡K ¸wj †Quv‡o| ¸wj †Quvovi 3
(ewi.†ev. 2003) †m. ci †m kã ïb‡Z †cj| k‡ãi †eM
cÖkœ : 3| cÖwZaŸwb †kvbvi Rb¨ †kÖvZv I wbY©q Ki|
cÖwZdj‡Ki g‡a¨ b チ¨bZg `チ iZ¡ 16.6m mgm¨v : 3| †Kvb GKwU myD”P cvjvb n‡Z
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? 50 `チ‡i GKRb †jvK `uvwo‡q Av‡Q|
(ewi.†ev. 2005; Kz.†ev. 2004; †jvKwUi wbK‡U Aew¯’Z GKwU
Xv.†ev. 2003) KzKzi nVvr GKwU weKU kã K‡i
DVj| KZ †m. ci †m. cÖwZaŸwb
MvwYwZK D`vniYmg チ n ïb‡Z cv‡e? (k‡ãi `ª“wZ 350 m/s)
mgm¨v : 1| GK e¨w³ Mfxi Kzqvq GKLÛ
Abykxjbxi
msw¶ßÑDËi
cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖkœ : 1| kã Kx?
A_ev, k‡ãi msÁv `vI| (iv. †ev. Õ99)
DËi : kã (Sound) :
msÁv : kã GK cÖKvi kw³ hv GKwU K¤•bkxj e¯‘ n‡Z Drcbœ n‡q Ro
gva¨‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Avgv‡`i Kv‡b †cuŠ‡Q Ges kÖe‡Yi Abyf‚wZ Rb¥vq ev
Rb¥v‡Z †Póv K‡i|
cÖkœ : 2| kã wKfv‡e Drcbœ nq? (iv. †ev. Õ99)
A_ev, K¤•‡bi d‡jB kã DrcwË nq, e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : k‡ãi DrcwË : e¯‘i K¤•bB k‡ãi DrcwËi g チ j KviY| e¯‘‡Z hZ¶Y K¤•b
_v‡K ZZ¶YB kã Drcbœ nq| GB kã wbiwew”Qbœ w¯’wZ¯’vcK gva¨‡gi ga¨
w`‡q mÂvwjZ nq Ges Avgv‡`i Kv‡b †cuŠ‡Q I kÖe‡Yi Abyf‚wZ m„wó K‡i|
wKš‘ e¯‘i K¤•b eÜ nevi ci †_‡K kãI eÜ nq| e¯‘i K¤•b msL¨v 20 †_‡K 20,000/
†m‡KÊ n‡j †mB kã Avgiv ïb‡Z cvB|
cÖkœ : 3| evZv‡m kã Zi½ wKfv‡e mÂvwiZ nq?
DËi : evZv‡m kã Zi½ mÂvi‡Yi †KŠkj :
e¯‘i K¤•bB k‡ãi DrcwËi g チ j KviY| K¤•‡bi d‡j w¯’wZ¯’vcK evqy¯マ i GKevi
msKzwPZ Ges Av‡iKevi cÖmvwiZ nq| ch©vqµ‡g GK ¯ マ i †_‡K Ab¨ ¯ マ ‡ i
kã 185
ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j kãkw³ mÂvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| cici `ywU ms‡KvwPZ
¯マ i ev cÖmvwiZ ¯マ‡ii ga¨eZx© `チ iZ¡‡K Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ e‡j| A_©vr Drm †_‡K
kã m„wó n‡j Zv AYy‰`N©¨ Zi‡½i AvKv‡i Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| GB kã
evqyi ga¨ w`‡q Zi½vKv‡i mÂvwiZ n‡q Avgv‡`i Kv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡jB Avgiv
Zv ïb‡Z cvB|
cÖkœ : 4| ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j evZv‡m k‡ãi `ª“wZ wKiƒc cwieZ©b
nq? (wm.†ev. 2006; P.†ev. 2000)
A_ev, k‡ãi `ª“wZi Dci ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : k‡ãi `ª“wZi Dci AvcgvÎvi cÖfve evqy ev M¨vmxq gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM
cig ZvcgvÎvi eM©g チ‡ji mgvbycvwZK A_©vr k‡ãi †eM,
V =
myZivs ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j k‡ãi †eM e„w× cvq|
cÖwZ wWMÖx †mwȇMÖW ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ evqy‡Z k‡ãi †eM cÖwZ
†m‡K‡Ê 61 cm ev 0.61 wgUvi e„w× cvq|
cÖkœ : 5| k‡ãi cÖwZdjb ej‡Z wK eyS? (Xv.†ev. wm.†ev. 2004; Kz.†ev.
2000)
A_ev, wUKv †jL : k‡ãi cÖwZdjb|
DËi : k‡ãi cÖwZdjb :
†Kvb Zi½ GKwU mylg gva¨‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Pjvi mgq hw` wfbœ gva¨‡g
evav cvq Z‡e Zi½wU c チ ‡ e©i gva¨‡g wd‡i Av‡m| GB NUbv‡K cÖwZdjb
e‡j| kã GKwU AYy‰`N©¨ Zi½| myZivs kã Zi½ hw` Pjvi c‡_ evavcÖvß
nq, Zvn‡j Zv c チ‡e©i gva¨‡g wd‡i Av‡m| G‡K k‡ãi cÖwZdjb e‡j|
D`vniY : GKwU myikjvKv‡K kãvwqZ Ki‡j K¤•‡bi gva¨‡g H kã evZv‡mi ga¨
w`‡q mÂvwjZ nq| H kã †`qvj ev †Kvb gva¨‡g evav †c‡j Avevi H gva¨‡g
(G‡¶‡Î evqy) wd‡i Av‡m| A_©vr k‡ãi cÖwZdjb nq|
cÖkœ : 6| cÖwZaŸwb Kv‡K e‡j? (Xv. †ev. Õ99 ; P. †ev. Õ06; Õ99;
ewi.†ev. 2005; 2004; 2002;wm.†ev. 2006; 2001; P.†ev. 2003; h.†ev. 2006;
2003)
DËi : cÖwZaŸwb :
†Kvb Drm †_‡K m„ó kã Zi½gvjv hw` `チ ieZx© †Kvb cÖwZdj‡K cÖwZdwjZ
n‡q cybivq Dr‡mi Kv‡Q G‡m Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb g チ j aŸwbi †h cybive„wË
N‡U Zv‡K k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb e‡j|
cÖkœ : 7| cÖwZaŸwb wKfv‡e m„wó nq? (h. †ev. Õ99 ; m. †ev. Õ98)
DËi : cÖwZaŸwb m„wó :
kã Zi‡½i cÖwZdj‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZaŸwbi DrcwË N‡U| cÖwZaŸwb m„wó Kivi
R‡b¨ Mv‡Qi mvwi, evwoi †`qvj, cvnv‡oi Mv BZ¨vw` cÖwZdjK wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i|
186 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
cÖkœ : 9| kÖve¨Zvi cvjv ej‡Z wK †evS? (h. †ev. Õ99 ; P. †ev. 2005; Õ99 ; iv.
†ev. e. †ev. 2001; Kz.†ev. P.†ev. 2002; 2005)
DËi : kÖve¨Zvi cvjv :
Avgiv Rvwb, k‡ãi DrcwËi Rb¨ gva¨‡g K¤•b m„wó Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ K¤•b
n‡jB †h kã †kvbv hv‡e Ggb bq| Dr‡mi K¤•vsK hw` 20 Hz Gi †P‡q Kg ev
20,000 Hz Gi †ewk nq, Zvn‡j †h kã Drcbœ n‡e Zv Avgiv ïb‡Z cve bv| Dr‡mi
K¤•vsK 20 Hz †_‡K 20,000 Hz Gi g‡a¨ mxwgZ _vK‡jB †Kej Avgiv kã ïb‡Z cvB|
G‡K kÖve¨Zvi cvjv e‡j|
cÖkœ : 10| k‡ãvËi I k‡ãZi Zi½ ej‡Z wK eyS?
A_ev, wUKv †jL : k‡ãvËi Zi½, (h.†ev. 2004; wm.†ev. 2002; 2005; iv.†ev. Õ99)
k‡ãZi Zi½ (P.†ev. Õ99; wm.†ev. 2002; h.†ev. Õ99)
DËi : k‡ãvËi Zi½ :
msÁv : †h mKj hvwš ミ K Zi‡½i K¤•b cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 20,000 Gi †ewk
†mme Av‡›`vjb Avgv‡`i Kv‡b †Kvb Abyf‚wZi m„wó K‡i bv| G ai‡bi Zi½‡K
k‡ãvËi Zi½ e‡j|
k‡ãZi Zi½ :
msÁv : †h mKj Zi‡½i Av‡›`vjb cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û k‡ãi †e‡Mi PvB‡Z AwaK
†e‡M AMÖmi nq †m mKj Zi½‡K k‡ãZi Zi½ e‡j|
cÖkœ : 11| k‡ãvËi Zi‡½i K‡qKwU e¨envi D‡jL Ki| (P. †ev. 2000; wm.†ev.
2005)
DËi : k‡ãvËi Zi‡½i e¨envi :
kã 187
1. GKwU myikjvKv
2. GKwU †kvjvi ej I wKQy myZv
3. GKwU ÷¨vÊ I
4. GKwU ievi c¨vW ev Kvco Rov‡bv nvZzwo|
wPÎ : K¤•bkxj e¯‘ †_‡K k‡ãi DrcwË
Kv‡Ri aviv :
1. GKwU myikjvKv‡K Lvovfv‡e ivLv nq Ges GKwU ÷¨vÊ †_‡K †QvU
†kvjvi ej‡K myZvi mvnv‡h¨ Ggbfv‡e Szwj‡q ivLv nq †hb ejwU
myikjvKvi GKwU evû ¯•k© K‡i _v‡K|
2. GLb GKwU ievi c¨vW ev Kvco Rov‡bv nvZzwo w`‡q myikjvKvwU‡K
AvNvZ Ki‡j kjvKv †_‡K kã wbM©Z n‡e Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ †kvjvi ejwUI
Gw`K Iw`K `yj‡Z _vK‡e| kjvKvi K¤•‡bi Rb¨B ejwU av°v †L‡q Gw`K
Iw`K `yj‡Z _v‡K|
3. GLb kjvKvwU‡K nvZ w`‡q ¯•k© Ki‡j kã †_‡g hv‡e Ges †kvjvi ejwUI
w¯’i n‡q hv‡e|
myZivs ejv hvq K¤•‡bi d‡jB k‡ãi DrcwË nq|
cÖkœ : 2| evqyi ga¨ w`‡q kã mÂvi‡Yi †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Ki| (Xv.†ev.
2004; wm.†ev. 2002; e.†ev. 2003; iv.†ev. 2003)
A_ev, evqyi ga¨ w`‡q wKfv‡e kã mÂvwjZ nq e¨vL¨v Ki|
(P.†ev. 2004; iv. †ev. Õ99 ; 2001)
DËi : evqyi ga¨ w`‡q kã mÂvj‡bi †KŠkj :
evqyi ga¨ w`‡q kã mÂvj‡bi †KŠkj Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ myikjvKv m„ó kã wKfv‡e
mÂvwjZ nq Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv nj−
cÖ_‡g GKwU myikjvKv wb‡q GKwU ivev‡ii c¨vW Øviv AvNvZ Kiv nj; G‡Z
myikjvKvi evû¸‡jvi gv‡S K¤•‡bi d‡j k‡ãi DrcwË nq| e¯‘Z ivevi c¨v‡W
AvNv‡Zi d‡j myikjvKvi evû `ywU GKevi mvg‡bi w`‡K Ges GKevi wcQ‡bi
w`‡K ch©vqµ‡g AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K|
evqy¯マ i¸‡jv msKzwPZ nq Ges kw³ †kl bv nIqv ch©š マ GB ms‡KvPb GK¯マ i
n‡Z Ab¨¯マ‡i mÂvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K|
Avevi evûwU hLb wcQ‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nq A_©vr C n‡Z A we›`yi w`‡K
Av‡m, ZLb av°v AcmvwiZ nq| d‡j evqy¯ マ i¸‡jv G‡`i w¯’wZ¯’vcK a‡g©i
Rb¨ cÖmvwiZ n‡q c チ ‡ e©i Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i Av‡m| myikjvKvi Ab¨evûi †¶‡ÎI
GKB e¨vcvi N‡U|
A_©vr eySv hv‡”Q evqy¯ マ ‡ ii ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨B kã mvg‡bi w`‡K
mÂvwjZ nq|
cÖkœ : 3| GKwU cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki †h kã mÂvi‡Yi Rb¨ Ro
gva¨‡gi cÖ‡qvRb| (P.†ev.iv.†ev.Õ99)
A_ev, gva¨g Qvov wK kã mÂvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i? KviY `k©vI|
DËi : kã mÂvi‡Yi Rb¨ Ro gva¨‡gi cÖ‡qvRb :
kã mÂvi‡Yi Rb¨ Awew”Qbœ w¯’wZ¯’vcK gva¨‡gi cÖ‡qvRb| A‡Uvfb
†MwiK me©cÖ_g cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY K‡ib †h, k‡ãi Drm Ges Avgv‡`i
Kv‡bi ga¨eZx© ¯’v‡b hw` †Kvb Ro gva¨g bv _v‡K Zvn‡j kã Avgv‡`i Kv‡b
†cuŠQ‡Z cv‡i bv| wb‡Pi mnR cix¶v Øviv kã mÂvi‡Yi Rb¨ Ro gva¨‡gi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
■ cix¶v :
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY :
1. GKwU evqy wb®‹vkb hš ミ 3. evqy wb®‹vkb cv¤•
2. GKwU ˆe`y¨wZK NÈv 4. ˆe`y¨wZK eZ©bx|
Kv‡Ri aviv :
1. GKwU evqy wb®‹vkb h‡š ミ i
wiwmfv‡ii g‡a¨ GKwU
ˆe`y¨wZK NÈv‡K Szwj‡q ivLv
nq| evwn‡i †_‡K eZ©bx
m¤• チ Y© K‡i ˆe`y¨wZK
NÈvwU‡K evRv‡bv hvq|
2. GLb NÈvwU‡K evRv‡j evB‡i
†_‡K NÈvi kã †kvbv hv‡e|
3. Gevi cv‡¤•i mvnv‡h¨ hw`
wfZ‡ii evqy ax‡i
ax‡i †ei K‡i †bIqv nq Zvn‡j
NÈvi kã
µgk Kg‡Z _v‡K| †kl ch©š マ
wiwmfvi hLb cÖvq m¤• チ Y©
evqy k チ b¨ n‡q hvq ZLb Avi
NÈvi kã †kvbv hvq bv| wPÎ : kã
mÂvi‡Yi cix¶v
4. wiwmfv‡i Avevi evqy cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q w`‡j NÈvi kã µgk evo‡Z evo‡Z
Avevi Av‡Mi gZ n‡q hvq|
190 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
= 350
∴V =
d = = = 17.5
d = m = 16.6m
A_©vr, 300C ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZdwjZ kã ev cÖwZaŸwb †kvbvi Rb¨ Drm I
cÖwZdj‡Ki ga¨eZx© b チ¨bZg `チ iZ¡ 17.5 wgUvi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖkœ : 5| cÖwZaŸwbi mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e K‚‡ci MfxiZv wbY©q Kiv
hvq eY©bv Ki|
(wm.†ev. h.†ev. 2006; h.†ev. 2000 ; e.†ev. 2001; Kz.†ev, h.†ev. 2002; iv.†ev. Xv.†ev.
2005)
A_ev, †`LvI †h, MfxiZvi †¶‡Î h = vt hLb ms‡KZ¸‡jv cÖPwjZ A_© enb
K‡i|
DËi : K‚‡ci MfxiZv wbY©q :
K‚‡ci Dc‡i †Kvb kã Drcbœ Ki‡j †mB kã cvwb c„ô †_‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q
wd‡i G‡j cÖwZaŸwb †kvbv hvq| GLb kã Drcbœ Kiv Ges †mB kã -Gi
cÖwZaŸwb †kvbvi ga¨eZx© mgq _vgv Nwoi mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Kiv nq|
wnmve :
aiv hvK, K‚‡ci MfxiZv = h
kã Drcbœ Kiv I cÖwZaŸwb †kvbvi ga¨eZx© mgq = t
k‡ãi `ª“wZ = v
GLb kã Drcbœ nIqvi ci cvwb
c„‡ô cÖwZdwjZ n‡q †kÖvZvi
Kv‡Q wd‡i Avm‡Z †h‡nZz 2h h
`チ iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i|
AZGe,
2h = v×t
........................ (i)
ev, h =
mgxKiY Gi Wvbw`‡Ki ivwk¸‡jvi gvb †R‡b K‚‡ci MfxiZv h wbY©q Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ : 6| kã `チ lY ej‡Z wK eyS Av‡jvPbv Ki| (iv.†ev. 2006; Xv.†ev.
2000 ; h.†ev.2000 ; Kz.†ev. 2001)
A_ev, kã `チ l‡Yi cÖwZwµqv Ges `ylY †iv‡ai Dcvq Av‡jvPbv Ki|
A_ev, kã `チ l‡Yi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv wjL| (P.†ev. iv.†ev. ewi.†ev. 2005)
A_ev, UxKv †jL : kã `ylY|
DËi : kã `チ lY :
†Mvjgvj ev nUª‡Mvj wKsev Zxeª kã ev k‡ãi AvwaK¨ Avgv‡`i †`n-gb‡K
kÖvš マ K‡i Ges A‡bK mgq Avgv‡`i m‡n¨i mxgv Qvwo‡q hvq| k‡ãi AvwaK¨
Avgv‡`i †`ng‡bi Dci †h wei“c cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i Zv‡KB cwi‡e‡ki kã
`チ lY ejv nq|
192 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
kã `チ l‡Yi KviY :
1. mf¨Zv weKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ kni, e›`i, bMi, KjKviLvbv e„w×i mv‡_
mv‡_ Mvwo I Ab¨vb¨ h‡š ミ i e¨envi e„w× cvIqvq kã `チ lY n‡”Q|
2. wkíKviLvbvi D”P kã, kã `チ lY m„wó K‡i| D”P kã kÖwgK‡`i kÖeY kw³
`k eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cÖvq A‡a©K n«vm K‡i|
3. D”P fwjD‡g †iwWI ev jvDW¯•xKv‡i Mvb evRv‡j kã `チ lY nq|
4. Zvi¯^‡i gvB‡K wbe©vPbx cÖPvi, e³…Zv ev IqvR BZ¨vw`‡ZI kã
`チ lY nq|
kã `チ l‡Yi cÖwZwµqv :
1. gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK øvqy-ms‡hvM e¨vnZ nq|
2. Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM Kg Av‡m|
3. †gRvR wLUwL‡U nq|
4. cwicvK h‡š ミ i Kv‡R wek„sLjv †`Lv †`q, d‡j Avjmvi I Ab¨vb¨
Avwš ミ K cxovq Avµvš マ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq|
5. kÖ“wZ ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq Ges kÖeYkw³ ax‡i ax‡i n«vm cvq|
kã `チ lY †iv‡ai Dcvq :
1. kã `チ lY wbqš ミ ‡ Yi Rb¨ mKj †ckvq wbhy³ †jv‡Ki mgwš^Z D‡`¨v‡Mi
mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRb mviv †`‡ki gvby‡li g‡a¨ Gi wec` m¤•‡K©
m‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv|
2. D”P fwjD‡g †iwWI ev jvDW¯•xKv‡i Mvb bv evRv‡bv|
3. wbe©vPbx cÖPvi, e³…Zvq gvB‡Ki e¨envi bv Kiv|
4. KjKviLvbvi hš ミ cvwZ myô i¶Yv‡e¶Y K‡i hvwš ミ K kã Kgv‡bv|
5. KjKviLvbvi kã hv‡Z evwn‡i †h‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
6. iv¯マ vNv‡U D”P †fcyhy³ Mvwo PjvP‡j wewa wb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv|
AwZwi³
cÖ‡kœvËi
cÖkœ : 1| GKwU cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki †h, k‡ãi cÖwZdjb N‡U|
DËi : k‡ãi cÖwZdjb :
†Kvb Zi½ GKwU mylg gva¨‡gi ga¨w`‡q Pjvi mgq hw` wfbœ gva¨‡g evav
cvq Ges wd‡i Av‡m Z‡e G NUbv‡K cÖwZdjb e‡j|
k× GKwU AYy‰`N©¨ Zi½, myZivs kã Zi½ hw` Pjvi c‡_ evav cÖvß nq
Zvn‡j ZvI c チ ‡ e©i gva¨‡g wd‡i Av‡m− G‡K k‡ãi cÖwZdjb e‡j| kã Zi‡½i
Zi½‰`N©¨ †ek eo e‡j kã Zi½ cÖwZdj‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZdjK ZjI †ek eo nIqv
cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡Pi mnR cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ k‡ãi cÖwZdjb cÖ`k©b Kiv nj|
k‡ãi cÖwZdj‡bi cix¶v :
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY :
kã 193
A_©vr kã‡K S †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q Avevi S Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ 2d `チ iZ¡
AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb S Ae¯’v‡b hw` Avgiv cÖwZaŸwb ïb‡Z PvB Zvn‡j 2d
194 GUg ✏ gva¨wgK c`v_© weÁvb
`チ iZ¡ AwZµg Kivi Rb¨ kã‡K Aš マ Z 0.1 †m‡KÛ mgq jvM‡Z n‡e|
Avgiv Rvwb, `ª“wZ =
GLb k‡ãi `ª“wZ v n‡j, v = ms−1 ev, d = m
evZv‡m k‡ãi `ª“wZ 00C ZvcgvÎvq 332ms−1 n‡j, d = m = 16.6m. A_©vr
cÖwZdwjZ kã ev cÖwZaŸwb †kvbvi Rb¨ Drm I cÖwZdj‡Ki ga¨eZx©
b チ¨bZg `チ iZ¡ 16.6 wgUvi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
MvwYwZK
mgm¨vewj I
mgvavb
■ hv Rvbv `iKvi :
v = v = k‡ã `ª“wZ
d = MfxiZv
t = mgq
evZv‡m k‡ãi †eM v = 330 wgUvi/ †m.
Abykxjbxi MvwYwZK
mgm¨vi mgvavb
mgm¨v : 1| GK e¨w³ Mfxi Kzqvq GKLÛ cv_i †Q‡o w`j Ges cv_iwU
cvwb‡Z cvZvq cvwb wQU‡K DV‡Z †`Lj| wKš‘ kã ïb‡Z †cj †m. c‡i|
k‡ãi `ª“wZ 330 m/s n‡j Kzqvi KZ wb‡P cvwb Av‡Q?
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb,
v = GLv‡b,
ev, d = v × t k‡ãi †eM, v = 330 m/s
ev, d = v × t = = 66 wgUvi MfxiZv, d = ?
DËi : 66 wgUvi wb‡P cvwb Av‡Q| mgq, t = s
mgm¨v : 2| hw` Zzwg 27.5 wg. Mfxi †Kvb Kzqvi Kv‡Q `uvwo‡q nvZ
Zvwj `vI Zvnj KZ¶Y ci Zzwg †Zvgvi Zvwji aŸwb ïb‡Z cv‡e?
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb,
v = GLv‡b,
ev, t = k‡ãi †eM, v = 330 ms−1
= =s MfxiZv, d = 27.5 m
DËi : wb‡Y©q mgq †m. mgq, t = ?
k‡ãi †eM v = ?