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PATHOPHYSILOGY of APPENDICITIS

Predisposing factors Presipitating factors:


- Age: 10 -30 yrs old - Constipation/IBD
- Gender: most female - Diet

LEGEND:

Δ- signs/symptoms
Fecal obstruction, swelled lymph nodes, bacteria
Δ – simultaneously released
viruses, protozoa etc.
Δ - Etiology

Δ – nursing diagnosis
Occlusion of Appendix by Fecalith
Δ – Risk Factors

Decreased flow/drainage of mucosal secetions

Increased ILP in the appendix

Vasocongestion SWELLING
and PAIN

Decreased perfusion in the appendix

Hypoxia in the appendix


Pyrogens

Appendix starts to be necrotic; Bacteria invade the appendix


Hypothalamus

Disruption of Cell Membrane of Appendix Fever


Start of Inflammatory Process

Release of Chemical Mediators Activation of the Vomiting Inflammation


of Appendix (Appendicitis)
Center in the Medulla

Appendectomy Impaired tissue

Integrity
Stimulation of Supression of
Tissue trauma
Chemical mediators vagus nerve sympathetic GI
Function
Risk for infection

Mast cells nausea and vomiting Anorexia

Bradykinin Prostaglandins Histamine Leukotrienes disruption of Cell


membrane Nociceptors on the

Dermis

PAIN vasoconstriction Risk for Deficient Risk for Imbalanced start of


inflammatory Send impulses to CNS
Fluid volume nutrition less than
process
Vasodilation body requirements

Interleukin-1 release of
Prostaglandin,
Increase permeability Bradykinin,
Histamine, Leukotrienes
Increased WBC and other
chemical mediators

Accumulation of WBC to the


Interstitial fluid or compartment
Pain, swelling, heat,

and redness on surgical site


Phagocytosis

Activity Intolerance
SWELLING Exudates

Risk for Infection


(If appendix ruptured)

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