1. Comparison between AM and FM.

S.NO

AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Amplitude of the carrier is varied according to amplitude of modulating signal.

FREQUENCY MODULATION
Frequency of the carrier is varied according to amplitude of the modulating signal.

1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

AM has poor fidelity due to narrow bandwidth. Most of the power is in carrier hence less efficient. Noise interference is more. Adjacent channel interference is present. AM broadcast operates in MF and HF range. In AM only carrier and two sidebands are present. The transmission equipment is simple. Transmitted power varies according to modulation index.

Since the bandwidth is large, fidelity is better. All the transmitted power is useful. Noise interference is minimum. Adjacent channel interference is avoided. FM broadcast operates in VHF and UHF range. Infinite numbers of sidebands are present. The transmission equipment is complex. Transmitted power remains constant irrespective of modulation index. Depth of modulation has no limitation. It can be increased by increasing frequency deviation.

10.

Depth of modulation have limitation .It cannot be increased above 1.

2. Comparison between WBFM and NBFM.

S.NO 1. 2. 3. WBFM Modulation index is greater than 1. Frequency deviation = 75 khz. Modulating frequency range from 30Hz15 Khz. Bandwidth is 15 times NBFM. Noise is more suppressed. Use: Entertainment and broadcasting NBFM Modulation index is less than 1. Frequency deviation is 5 khz. Modulating frequency=3 Khz.

4. 5. 6.

Bandwidth = 2fm. Less suppressing of noise. Use: Mobile communication

3. Difference between FM and PM S.NO FREQUENCY MODULATION

1.

PHASE MODULATION

The maximum frequency deviation The maximum phase deviation depends depends upon amplitude of modulating only upon the amplitude of modulating voltage. voltage. Frequency of the carrier is modulated by modulating signal. Modulation index is increased as modulation frequency is reduced and vice versa. Phase of the carrier is modulated by modulating signal. Modulation index remains same if modulating frequency is changed.

2. 3.

4. Comparison of AM & ASK SI.NO

1. 2.

PARAMETER
Nature of modulating signal. Variation in the carrier amplitude.

AM
Modulating signal is analog. Carrier variation is according to the amplitude of modulating signal. 2fm Poor Radio broadcasting Amplitude Envelope Two

ASK
Modulating signal is digital. Carrier ON or OFF depends on 1 or 0 is to be transmitted.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Bandwidth Noise immunity Application Variable characteristics of the carrier. Detection method Number of sidebands produced

(1+r)R Poor Data transmission at low bit rate. Amplitude Envelope Two

5. Comparison of Digital Modulation Systems SI.NO PARAMETER

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Variable Characteristic Noise Immunity Error Probability Complexity Detection method Bit rate

BINARY ASK
Amplitude Low High Simple Envelope Suitable upto 100 bits/sec Poor

BINARY FSK
Frequency High Low Moderately complex Envelope Suitable upto 1200 bits/sec Better than ASK

BINARY PSK
Phase High Low High complexity Coherent Suitable higher than 1800 bits/sec Better than FSK

7.

Performance in presence of noise.

6. Comparison of BPSK and DPSK

SI.NO
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Parameters
Variable characteristics Error probability Complexity Bandwidth Necessity of synchronization carrier Detection method Noise immunity Bit determination at the receiver.

BPSK
Phase Low Lower than DPSK fb Necessary Synchronous Low Based on single bit interval

DPSK
Phase Higher than BPSK Higher than BPSk fb Not Necessary Synchronous Higher than BPSK Based on signal received in two successive bit intervals.

7. Comparison of BPSK and QPSK SI.NO

1. 2.

Parameters
Type of modulation Bit rate

BPSK
Two level Bit rate = baud rate

QPSK
Four level Bit rate = 2 baud rate

3. 4. 5.

Complexity Noise immunity Bandwidth utilization

Complex Same as QPSK Low when compared to QPSK Phase

Very complex Same as BPSK Better than BPSK

6.

Variable characteristics of the carrier Applications

Phase

7.

High speed applications

Very high speed applications.

8. Comparison of QAM and QPSK

SI.NO
1.

Parameter
Type of modulation

QPSK
Quadrature phase modulation

QAM
Quadrature amplitude and phase modulation.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Noise immunity Probability of error Type of Demodulation Complexity

Better than QASK Less than QASK Synchronous Less complex than QASK

Poorer than QPSK More than QPSK Synchronous More complex than QPSK

9. Comparison of PAM, PWM and PPM Systems SI.NO

1.

Parameter
Variable characteristic of the pulsed carrier

PAM
Amplitude

PWM
Width

PPM
Position

2. 3. 4.

Bandwidth requirement Noise immunity Information is contained in.

Low Low Amplitude variations

High High Width variations

High High Position variation

5.

Necessary of synchronization pulses.

Not necessary

Not necessary

Necessary

6.

Complexity in detection and generation

High

Low

High

7.

Transmitted power

Varies with amplitude of pulses

Varies with variation in width

Constant

8.

Similarly with other modulation system

AM

FM

PM

10. Comparison of FDMA,TDMA and CDMA. SI.NO

1.

FDMA
Bandwidth sharing among many users. Synchronization is not necessary. Code word is not used. No soft capacity limit. No frequency reuse

TDMA

CDMA

Time sharing among Sharing of many users. bandwidth and time both takes place Synchronization is essential. Code word is not used. No soft capacity limit. Frequency reuse is used. Low cell site system cost when compared to FDMA. Guard times between adjacent time slots are necessary. Synchronization is not necessary. Code words are used. Soft capacity limit is there. Frequency reuse is efficiently implemented. Low cell site cost when compared to other systems. Guard bands and times both are necessary.

2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

It has higher cell size system cost.

7.

Guard bands between adjacent channels are necessary.

8.

Continuous transmission scheme.

Discontinuous transmission scheme.

Both continuous and discontinuous transmission scheme.