Professional Documents
Culture Documents
USE OF MIS IN
MARKETING
GROUP MEMBERS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“We hereby take the opportunity to thank our Sir Mr. Yogesh
Kolhatkar for giving us this opportunity to make a project on USE Of MIS
in MARKETING. This has been an overall good learning experience for
all of us.”
SUBJECT INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION 05
5. MARKETING MODELS 13
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY 54
INTRODUCTION
Information is the basis for every decision taken in an organization. The efficiency
of management depends upon the availability of regular and relevant information. Thus it
is essential that an effective and efficient reporting system be developed as part of
accounting system. The main object of management information is to obtain the required
information about the operating results of an organization regularly in order to use them
for future planning and control.
The old techniques like intuition, rule of thumb, personal whim and prestige, etc.
Are now considered useless in the process of decision taking. Modern management is
constantly on look out for such quantitative and such information, which can help in
analyzing the proposed alternative actions and choosing one as its decision. Thus, modern
management functions are information-oriented more popularly known as “management
by information”. And the system through which information is communicated to the
management is known as “management information system (mis)”.
CONCEPT OF MIS
Management:
Information
“Information is data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the
recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or progressive decision”
– Davis and Olson
• The data information cycle can be expressed as –
Idea
Intelligence Data
Knowledge Information
System
“A system can be defined as a group of inter-related, often interacting units that together
perform a task in a synchronized manner to provide the desired result.”
A business is also a system where resources such as people, money, material, machines
etc., are transformed by various organization processes into goods and services.
Dissemination Storage
Information Use
The supervisory management deals with the operational plans, policies and
procedures for transforming or converting inputs to outputs. It is responsible for “day-
to-day” routine decisions and operations of the organization.
Information Systems are also helpful in identifying the most effective sales
strategy that can be used in any particular case based on specified criteria, such as the
market segment or the product category. Formulating successful sales strategies involves
defining product and service standards, understanding the intricacies of sales life cycle,
and interpreting sales results to determine sales strategies.
The marketing research process is only one of the sources of information for the
MIS. It is worth remembering that it is all the sources of information which contribute to
the MIS which help us understand our customer's needs and wants; that information does
not come just from our marketing research activities.
The Marketing Information System focuses on only the marketing aspects of the
management information system. It is an organized way of continually collecting,
accessing and analyzing information that marketing managers need in order to make
better decisions.
• Figure 3.1 provides reasons why we need to have an MIS to help us become
effective managers. However, designing and implementing an MIS so that it
performs the way it should is not always an easy task. After all, an MIS has to
meet the needs of its customers (users) and, to do that; those needs must first be
assessed.
To understand the proper role of information systems one must examine what
managers do and what information they need for decision making. We must also
understand how decisions are made and what kinds of decision problems can be supported
by formal information systems. One can then determine whether information systems will
be valuable tools and how they should be designed.
Figure 9.1 illustrates the major components of an MIS, the environmental factors
monitored by the system and the types of marketing decision which the MIS seeks to
underpin.
The explanation of this model of an MIS begins with a description of each of its
four main constituent parts: the internal reporting systems, marketing research system,
marketing intelligence system and marketing models. It is suggested that whilst the MIS
varies in its degree of sophistication - with many in the industrialized countries being
computerized and few in the developing countries being so - a fully fledged MIS should
have these components, the methods (and technologies) of collection, storing, retrieving
and processing data notwithstanding.
Internal reporting systems: All enterprises which have been in operation for any
period of time have a wealth of information. However, this information often
remains under-utilized because it is compartmentalized, either in the form of an
individual entrepreneur or in the functional departments of larger businesses. That
is, information is usually categorized according to its nature so that there are, for
example, financial, production, manpower, marketing, stockholding and logistical
data. Often the entrepreneurs, or various personnel working in the functional
departments holding these pieces of data, do not see how it could help decision
Management Information System – Prof Yogesh Kolhatkar 10
MIMR, Wadala
USE OF MIS IN MARKETING
makers in other functional areas. Similarly, decision makers can fail to appreciate
how information from other functional areas might help them and therefore do not
request it.
Marketing research systems: The general topic of marketing research has been
the prime ' subject of the textbook and only a little more needs to be added here.
Marketing research is a proactive search for information. That is, the enterprise
which commissions these studies does so to solve a perceived marketing problem.
In many cases, data is collected in a purposeful way to address a well-defined
problem (or a problem which can be defined and solved within the course of the
study). The other form of marketing research centres not around a specific
marketing problem but is an attempt to continuously monitor the marketing
environment. These monitoring or tracking exercises are continuous marketing
research studies, often involving panels of farmers, consumers or distributors from
which the same data is collected at regular intervals. Whilst the ad hoc study and
continuous marketing research differs in the orientation, yet they are both
proactive
1. Unfocused scanning: - The manager, by virtue of what he/she reads, hears and
watches expose him/herself to information that may prove useful. Whilst the
behavior is unfocused and the manager has no specific purpose in mind, it is not
unintentional.
2. Semi-focused scanning: - Again, the manager is not in search of particular pieces
of information that he/she is actively searching but does narrow the range of media
that is scanned. For instance, the manager may focus more on economic and
business publications, broadcasts etc. and pay less attention to political, scientific
or technological media.
3. Informal search: - This describes the situation where a fairly limited and
unstructured attempt is made to obtain information for a specific purpose. For
example, the marketing manager of a firm considering entering the business of
importing frozen fish from a neighbouring country may make informal inquiries as
to prices and demand levels of frozen and fresh fish. There would be little
structure to this search with the manager making inquiries with traders he/she
happens to encounter as well as with other ad hoc contacts in ministries,
international aid agencies, with trade associations, importers/exporters etc.
4. Formal search: - This is a purposeful search after information in some systematic
way. The information will be required to address a specific issue. Whilst this sort
of activity may seem to share the characteristics of marketing research it is carried
out by the manager him/herself rather than a professional researcher. Moreover,
the scope of the search is likely to be narrow in scope and far less intensive than
marketing research
MARKETING MODELS:
Within the MIS there has to be the means of interpreting information in order to
give direction to decision. These models may be computerized or may not. Typical tools
are:
These and similar mathematical, statistical, econometric and financial models are
the analytical subsystem of the MIS. A relatively modest investment in a desktop
computer is enough to allow an enterprise to automate the analysis of its data. Some of the
models used are stochastic, i.e. those containing a probabilistic element whereas others
are deterministic models where chance plays no part. Brand switching models are
stochastic since these express brand choices in probabilities whereas linear programming
is deterministic in that the relationships between variables are expressed in exact
mathematical terms.
Data-based marketing is fairly new, so few CIOs have experience with the relevant
methodology and technologies. Here's how to go from data processing to information
mining.
One of the important challenges today's CIOs face is the shift from data
processing to information processing. On the forefront of this phenomenon is perhaps the
most strategic application of all: data-based marketing. At the core of data-based
marketing is the mining of historical transactional data to uncover customer patterns and
trends.
Misconception:
The MIS department has the knowledge and tools to build correct data-based marketing
systems; it just needs to move more quickly and pro-actively.
Reality:
Misconception:
Reality:
Misconception:
The way the data already exists in the operational databases is good for marketing
information mining.
Reality:
For marketing needs, the data must be carefully prepared to address ever-present integrity
and consistency problems. Moreover, the data must be cast into logical and physical
structures tailored to the unique task of marketing information mining. Resource sharing
between operational and informational databases usually leads to bottlenecks and
escalating costs.
Misconception:
Relational queries give users enough flexibility for accessing the data.
Reality:
Misconception:
End-user "automated" analysis tools, based on rule induction, neural networks, fuzzy
logic, genetic algorithms, fractals, or fuzzy logic, replace the need for human information
mining.
Reality:
All these techniques require, just as old-fashioned statistical analysis does, careful
structuring of the inputs and tinkering with the knobs. At the very least, a human analyst
must discover what is relevant before asking a program to verify, refine, and quantify it.
Misconception:
Reality:
Analyzing marketing data and implementing the results of the analysis are two different
things. Information mining will likely result in a slew of new operational systems, but
one should not confuse gold with the process of mining it.
Because data-based marketing is new, few CIOs have experience with the relevant
methodology and technologies. CIOs must understand the key differences between data
processing and information mining. The goal of data processing is to support the smooth
flow of a business's daily activities. The goal of information mining is to detect and
measure marketplace phenomena in order to actively manage business change.
DIFFERENT PROCESS
• Long, detailed histories of interactions with each and every customer, as opposed
to just current or highly pre-summarized data.
• Data dynamically derived from the basic elements by computations, re-coding,
etc., rather than stored static data.
• Statistical aggregation of data rather than retrieval of individual record values.
• Ad hoc, data-driven iterative processing rather than a well-defined flow of
execution steps.
• Individual project work organization.
These characteristics lead to wide swings of resource utilization, greater need for
resource flexibility, and low reuse rate (and therefore little opportunity for traditional
systems quality assurance).
The integrated world of MIS often considers segregating databases and creating
data redundancy a capital offense. But, as Inmon observed, not doing so may lead to
much greater and uncontrollable redundancy, with every user pulling his own extracts to
get his job done. A separate historical database, (or in Inmon's words a "data
warehouse"), minimizes and controls redundancy.
Having processors and storage dedicated to information mining avoids the conflict
that arises if you introduce erratic information processing into an environment of
predictable utilization rates. Fortunately, unless your customer file contains the entire
population of the United States and all citizens' purchases, you may not need very
complicated and costly hardware.
Once all parties agree to separate computing resources, periodic, not continuous,
feeding of data from operational databases is a natural outcome. The strategy of updating
the marketing database only periodically has few drawbacks and several important
advantages:
Short-term promotion tracking reports can be easily produced from the operational
databases.
• A customer-acquisition planning system that helps marketers choose the best ways
to acquire new customers based on models that project the long-term payoff of
such efforts.
• A promotion planning, customer selection, and tracking system based on a
segmentation model that ranks customers based on expected profitability — a
financial model combined with a model of customer long-term value determines
the depth of selection for targeted promotions.
• Tracking and projection of critical customer segments — this is an EIS application
used to keep a watch on the "health" of a customer base, project sales, and play
"what if" scenarios with the marketing strategy.
• A test planning and evaluation system supported by well-defined customer
clusters.
• Merchandising support based on discovered clusters of products that customers
tend to buy as a group.
The use of these systems leads to new ideas and new research questions that
translate into more information mining. CIOs should develop and execute these
marketing and executive applications in the information-mining environment for the
following reasons:
• In the operational environment it will be difficult to get data of the same quality
and consistency as in the historical informational data-base.
• Moreover, although these applications are not as fluid as information mining itself,
they need to be considerably more open to revisions than order entry or
accounting.
• A compelling argument for maintaining these applications within the information-
mining environment is that quality-control procedures established there are more
appropriate than regular data processing quality controls.
• A crucial element in executive information systems is a human information
provider, usually a marketing data analyst. Information providers perform
information mining, investigate suspicious results, and answer follow-up
questions. The place for these is the information-mining environment.
MIS REPORTS:
3. Basis of decision: It is through mis reports only the management is able to get
a full insight into the entire operative activity of the concern. The mis reports
are basis for the management to make decisions.
4. Take informed decisions: The primary object of mis reporting is two fold:
informing the management of the actual performance, to enable the
management to make scientific and sound decision.
1. SALES CALL REPORT – This report contains data about the potential customer.
It also contains details about the types of items customer is interested in.
2. QUOTATION – It is a document that gives a statement of the price, terms and the
condition for a sale a supplier offers for the items. A quotation enables both the
sales person and the customer to have a written proof of the sales offer.
Date: __/__/__
To,
__________
__________
__________
Dear Sir,
We are pleased to submit our quotation as under:
You are required to deliver the items mentioned below within 30 days of the
purchase order date, at the address mentioned above.
The payment for above consignment will be made within 30 days of the receipt of
goods. Liability for lost or damaged goods lies with the supplier only. Payment will
be made only for goods passing the quality test.
4. INVOICE – It is a note asking for payments for goods and services that have been
supplied. The invoice accompanies the delivery of ordered goods.
Dear Mr.______,
The payment for the goods supplied is to be made within 30 days of the invoice
date.
5. SALES REPORT (product wise) – A sales report suggests the total product wise
sales. From this report one can draw conclusions about the product preferences of
customers in different months of the year.
6. MONTHLY SALES REPORT (Sales person wise) – Sales persons are given
individual sales targets. This report shows the cumulative sales made by each
salesperson for a month.
Meaning: E – Commerce is one of the fastest growing segments of the internet, which is
used by businesses. E – Commerce can be divided into the following categories:
BENEFITS:
Managing customer information that can then be used for effective analysis to
predict buying trends.
Provides various methods that can be used for diverting traffic onto the required
websites.
Integrating graphs and multiple report building wizards for the creation of
effective reports based on any type of information.
INTRODUCTION
With 18 offices, 150 service locations, 520 non-resident locations and over 3,800
employees worldwide, we provide a wide spectrum of unique Information Technology
solutions and services to a clientele of premier organizations in the government and
private sectors.
CMC Americas, a subsidiary, services clients in the US, while its branch offices in
the UK and Dubai market its products and services in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.
A passenger ticketing and reservations system for Indian Railways, which runs
6,000 passenger trains carrying over 10 million passengers a day, on a 90,000-km
railway network covering around 8,000 railway stations.
A cargo handling system is a comprehensive online real time cargo handling
system to integrate all complex and varied activities of container terminals. This
system has been implemented for several Indian and International ports.
An online transaction processing system for the Bombay Stock Exchange, which
handles millions of securities trading transactions every day.
The product
MIS: Management Information System
A comprehensive system for the planning, design, construction, monitoring, operation and
maintenance of irrigation schemes
The client
Irrigation Department, Government of Maharashtra
Project
Background
Out of the six selected irrigation projects, three schemes - Kukadi, Bhima and
Krishna - are located in the Krishna river basin. The remaining three - Upper Penganga,
Majalgaon and Jayakwadi - are located in the Godavari river basin in the state of
Maharashtra.
These six projects are administered by the chief engineer (specified projects),
Pune, and the chief engineer (specified projects), Aurangabad. Each of the six projects is
administratively divided into two circles - a project circle, headed by a superintending
engineer and a command area development (CAD) circle, headed by an administrator.
Each circle administratively controls four to five divisions, and each division, in
turn, has four to five sub-divisions.
Objective
The primary objective of developing and establishing an MIS for the selected
major irrigation schemes was to provide a comprehensive system facilitating planning,
design, construction, monitoring, operation and maintenance of the schemes.
Scope
CMC handled the study, design, development, testing and installation of the
management information system, training of officials, as well as implementation support
for the system.
1) Construction
Land acquisition.
Rehabilitation and resettlement
Resource requirement planning
Procurement monitoring
Stores and inventory
Asset management
Schedule of rates
Roads and bridges
On-farm development works
Works accounts
Construction monitoring and management
Project management
Plan of operation and management
Drainage network monitoring maintenance management
Resource requirement planning
Coordination with water users' associations (WUAs)
Command area agriculture
Asset management
Integrated agriculture development
Maintenance management
3) Administration management
Personnel administration
System
MIS covers the offices of the secretary, the joint secretary and the deputy secretary
of the state irrigation department based in Mumbai, and is connected to the offices of the
chief engineers (specified projects) in Pune and Aurangabad.
Corporate citizenship
ORGANISATION INFORMATION
V TRANS GROUP
MISSION
To continuously strive to provide safe, efficient, time bound and cost effective
services thereby achieving total satisfaction of our customers. The company will also
regularly update and develop its technology to meet the changing market requirements.
In doing so we shall strive to achieve our theme of being "Your Competitive Edge"
VISION
The vision of Group V is of an India with world class infrastructure and our
chosen role is bridging manufacturing and retailing so that both compete in a better way.
Group V's customers will receive the best value because we will offer them the
highest standards of quality and efficiency-in ways that are most useful to them. To
provide them comprehensive and "can-do" solutions, we will form a network of
complementary allies who share our values and standards.
Group V customers will receive the best value because we are providing them the
highest standards of quality and efficiency - in ways that are most useful to them. We will
form a network of complementary allies who share our value & standards.
BEGINNING
Group V is one of the Leading Logistics service provider with successful track
record spanning over four decades. Group V commenced in the year 1958; initially we
provided transportation between Mumbai & Gujarat. Today we are present nationally with
200 Branches across 14 states in the country.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Our efficient fleet of over 250 vehicles plying round the clock on the national
highways.
Dedicated team to handle all kinds of cargo safely and as per client's instructions.
RELIABILITY
TECHNOLOGY
CARE: The data captured by Cargo Branch, VXBranch help the customer to track
the consignment status at any given point of time through our web site or by contacting
the booking or delivery offices. Our website offers tracking facility in terms of arrival and
dispatch status of consignments.
We aim to achieve:
1) 100 % computerization across all branches.
2) WAP-enabling of our consignment tracking system.
3) Computerized Services and tracking of consignment at major branches.
WORKFORCE
We are what we are today - solely because of their energy and loyalty and
perseverance. On our part, we offer our people tremendous growth opportunities within
the organization. As a result, some of our people have risen to very senior positions.
SERVICES
V-Trans offer traditional, safe & cost effective surface transport. Customers rely
on V-Trans for safe and on time movements of their cargo, including scheduled departures
across major cities. The service does not limit the size or weight of cargo i.e. transported
through container sized vehicles. Weather proof & insured warehouses with platforms at
all locations insure safe and efficient handling of the cargo at every stage. Major stations /
warehouses are located outside of octroi limits.
Door - to - Door, time - Bound Cargo Service for your Just in Time needs"
When time is the essence, V-Xpress is your choice. This Door to Door time bound
service is designed to meet you’re just in time requirements. The good news is that it is
also competitively priced. A value addition to the service is DOD (Draft on Delivery) i.e.
the option to pay the value of the goods on delivery
Adapting to the changing needs of the market. V-Logis offers total Logistics
solutions that include transportation, warehousing & distribution. With more than
3,00,000 sq.ft. Of warehousing space across the country and the efficient, safe handling of
the goods throughout the service chain makes this service viable for customers who would
like to outsource their inventory management and concentrate on their core business
activity.
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
CHAIRMAN
MANAGER
Corporate IT
V-Trans V-Xpress
eCargo ERP eCargo ERP
Implementation Manager Implementation Manager
Users Training
And Documentation
DESKTOPS
Storage 80 GB 40 GB 40 GB
QUESTIONNAIRE: CRM
Ans: With experience & qualities required as per the job profile
2. What does your job as a manager entail? Describe your major functions (Job
Profile)?
Ans: Strong desire & commitment to quality of output & accuracy of information,
strong interpersonal & relationship building skills,
Hardworking & result oriented, excellent communication skills.
Ans: It helps to classify the Clients, type of complaints. Also it helps to analysis the
service (efficiency) level of the organization.
Ans: Nil
Ans: To pursue it sincerely, because career in management will definitely help you to
build your career.
QUESTIONNAIRE – I. T.DEPARTMENT
R. M. JOSEPH, MANAGER
2. What does your job as a manager entail? Describe your major functions (Job
Profile)?
Ans: Many reports for quantity and quality analysis. Mainly prepare Variance Reports,
where things go out of the norms.
Ans: Sharing Knowledge, skills set, so that the sub-ordinate would have change to
know more and grow more.
Delegation of responsibility and necessary authority
Proper correction and appreciation of their jobs.
Having little bit interest in their family life too.
2. What does your job as a manager entail? Describe your major functions (Job
Profile)?
Ans: Fund Flow Report, Assets Management Reports, P & L and Balance Sheet
Exide Industries Limited, India's flagship of the storage battery industry- is also
the largest Power Storage Solutions Company in South and South East Asia. It
manufactures the widest range of storage batteries in the world from 2.5Ah to 20,600Ah
capacity, to cover the broadest spectrum of applications.
EIL is the market leader in the organized sector in both the automotive and
industrial segments. 'EXIDE' and ‘SF (Standard Furukawa)', the flagship brands of the
Company, are also the leading battery brands in the country.
Exide is the first choice of almost every vehicle manufacturer - Maruti, Cielo,
Mercedes, Opel, Peugeot, Fiat, Rover, Iveco, BMW, Honda - with every 2 out of 3 new
vehicles in India rolling out with Exide.
VISION STATEMENT:-
COMPANY HISTORY
YEAR PARTICULARS
Exide has eight manufacturing plants producing world class products. Exide
factories are located strategically around the country to provide logistic support for its
production of over five million batteries per annum.
Each of these factories are equipped with state-of-the-art equipment sourced from
the best battery making machinery manufacturers in the world. Exide, due to its strong
roots with the erstwhile Chloride group, has access to the best manufacturing practices in
the field of Lead Acid Batteries.
A technology tie-up with Shin-Kobe, Japan the makers of world class Hitachi
VRLA batteries has given Exide the technological edge in maintenance free batteries.
Other strategic technology agreements with Furukawa, Japan and Oldham, U.K. have
given Exide the competitive edge in providing the most reliable solutions for packaged
power.
COLLABORATIONS
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
Board of Directors
Executive Commitee
T.V. Ramanathan
G. Chatterjee
P.K.Kataky
S.K. Mittal
A.K. Mukherjee
Barun Das
Monodip Chaudhuri
R.P. Ray
R. Chakraborty
HEAD OFFICE
Kolkata
'Exide House'
59E, Chowringee Road
Kolkata – 700 020
FACTORIES
Taloja
Plot No. T-17
MIDC Taloja Industrial Area
Taloja - 410 208
Bawal
Plot no. 179, Sector 3
HSIDC Growth Centre
Bawal, District Rewari
Haryana
Head Office
(Server)
EIL is connected all over the India through Wide Area Network [WAN]
The Head Office has a server & all the 8 Branches are connected to share the information.
Exide is using Radio Frequency Link [RFL].
Exide is a manufacturing company. The material is used is either imported or they us
Indian material. The data of the imported material is maintained by the Head Office which
is at Kolkata and all the data regarding Indian material is maintained by its branches.
Hardware
I ) Routers -A router is a computer whose software and hardware are usually tailored to
the tasks of routing and forwarding generally containing a specialized operating system
(e.g. Cisco's IOS or Juniper Networks JUNOS and JUNOSe or Extreme Networks XOS).
Q2. What does your job as manager entail? Describe your major functions?
Ans: Personal, Administration & H.R function like liaisoning, statutory compliances,
Training & development, Compensation Management, Safety, and Welfare etc.
Ans: Without any MIS manage cannot function, hence MIS is the basic requirement to
make the appropriate & relevant decision.
Ans: Skills like he should be good listener, Say NO at right time, Good Communication,
Leadership Quality & he should be motivator.
Q5. What are the different types of reports generated by MIS in your functional
area?
Ans: Person should be analytical, Proactive, dedicated to his work and smart in all sense.
Ans: Take interest in their family life also to know if they need any kind of help. Also ask
them if they have any problems in order to get it solved.
Q2. What does your job as manager entail? Describe your major functions?
Ans: Ensuring products are made at right cost quality to delivered at right time For this I
need to manage the resources at my Disposal which are a constraints.
Ans: All decisions are based on Data available at my disposal This is achived by having
the required MIS
Ans: Need to have passion for whatever you do and doing right things at right time
Q5. What are the different types of reports generated by MIS in your functional
area?
Ans: Strive for change and make things happen –do not wait for things to happen.
Ans: Give them opportunity to try new things and also give them power to take their own
decisions regarding certain issue.
QUESTIONNAIRE – ACCOUNTS
Q2. What does your job as manager entail? Describe your major functions?
Ans: To get the detailed analysis of the product and its placement as per the need
Q5. What are the different types of reports generated by MIS in your functional
area?
Ans: Work hard, always be keen to learn new things as Life is a Journey. Take each day as
a new learning day.
Ans: Regularly conduct a get together to know their grievances and try to solve them.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
2. http:/www.wheatongroupllc.com/library/06_01_92.asp
3. http://www.accessmylibrary.com
4. http://www.cmcltd.com/case_studies/index.htm