Internet Access Via Cable TV network

SIBANANDA MAHANTA
0701222279
BRANCH-
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

1|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

Seminar Report
On

“INTERNET VIA CABLE TV NETWORK”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of
The requirements for the 7th Semester Sessional Examination of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Information Technology

by
Sibananda Mahanata
Regd.No.0701222279
Under the esteemed guidance of
”Sanyasi Pradhan”
Senior Lecture Dept of,IT

INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED COMPUTER AND RESEARCH

RAYAGADA – 765001
2010-11
Department of Information technology

2|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar work entitled

“Internet Access Via Cable TV Netwok” is done by
Sibananda mahanta, 0701222279 in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the 7th Semester Sessional
Examination of Bachelor of Technology in Information
Technology during the academic year 2010-11. This work
is submitted to the department as a part of evaluation of
7th Semester Seminar.

Dt:
Place:

(Sen. Lt. Sanyasi Pradhan) (Prof. P. C.

Mishra)
GUIDE H.O.D, CSE, IT
& MCA
Dt: Dt:

3|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

(Mr. K. Jaganmohan Rao)

PRINCIPLE
Dt:

Internet Access via Cable TV Network

ABSTRACT
Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect each other throughout
the world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service
Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many
disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. To solve the problem, Internet
data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer. Different type
connections used are PSTN connection, ISDN connection and Internet via Cable networks.
Various advantages are High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access,
always on connectivity etc.
The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has resulted in the traffic
congestion on the net, resulting in slower and expensive internet access .As cable TV has a
strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the internet to house-holds with
faster access at feasible rates.

We are witnessing an unprecedented demand from residential and business customers,

especially in the last few years, for access to the Internet, corporate intranets and various online
information services. The Internet revolution is sweeping the country with a burgeoning
number of the Internet users. As more and more people are being attracted towards the Internet,
traffic congestion on the Net is continuously increasing due to limited bandwidths resulting in
slower and expensive Internet access.

4|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

The number of household getting on the Internet has increased exponentially in the recent past.
First time internet users are amazed at the internet's richness of content and personalization,
never before offered by any other medium. But this initial awe last only till they experienced
the slow speed of internet content deliver. Hence the popular reference "World Wide Wait"(Not
World Wide Web). There is a pent-up demand for the high-speed (or broad band) internet
access for fast web browsing and more effective telecommuting.

India has a cable penetration of 80 million homes, offering a vast network for leveraging the
internet access. Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and therefore offering the Internet
through cable could be a scope for furthering the growth of internet usage in the homes.

The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet services in the US, there are
already a million homes with cable modems, enabling the high-speed internet access over
cable. In India, we are in the initial stages. We are experiencing innumerable local problems in
Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, along with an acute shortage of international Internet
connectivity.

Accessing the Internet on the public switched telephone networks (PSTN) still has a lot of
problems. Such as drops outs. Its takes along time to download or upload large files. One has to
pay both for the Internet connectivity as well as for telephone usages during that period. Since
it is technically possible to offer higher bandwidth by their cable, home as well as corporate
users may make like it. Many people cannot afford a PC At their premises. Hardware
obsolescence in the main problem to the home user. Who cannot afford to upgrade his PC
every year? Cable TV based ISP solution s offer an economic alternative.

SIBANANDA MAHANTA
REG NO. 0701222279
7th semester
BRANCH: Information Technology

5|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My sincere thanks to Prof. P. C. Mishra, Head Of the Department of CSE,

IT & MCA, Institute Of Advanced Computer and Research, Rayagada for his
encouragement and valuable suggestions during period of my seminar work.

No words would suffice to express my regard and gratitude to Senior Lecture

Mr. Sanyasi Pradhan, Designation of guide, Department of CSE, IT & MCA,
Institute Of Advanced Computer and Research, Rayagada for his inspiring
guidance, constant encouragement, immense support and help during the course
of the Seminar.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. K. Jaganmohan Rao, Principle

IACR, Rayagada for permitting me to carry out this Seminar work.

Sibananda Mahanta

6|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT ………. i

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………. iii

3. INTRODUCTION ………. 1

4. ACCESS ON INTERNET ………. 2

5. CABLE NETWORK ………. 3

6. COMPARISONS ………. 4

7. NETWORK SETUP ………. 5

8. NETWORK TECHNOLOGY ………. 6

9. SERVICES ………. 7

10. REAL WORLD PERFORMANCE ……… 8

11. ADVANTAGES ………. 9

12. LIMITATION ………. 10

13. CONCLUSION ………. 11

14. REFERENCE ………. 12

INTERNET ACCESS VIA CABLE TV NETWORK

7|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

INTRODUCTION:
Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect each other throughout
the world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service
Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many
disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. Miraculous developments in
telecommunication systems and information technology have created marvels for the new
generation i.e. Internet using a phone line. Internets via phone connections are painfully slow,
especially when downloading photographs, graphics, or video images and large files.To solve
the problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user
computer. The cable modem technology for the Internet provides an 'always on' feature for
individuals to access the Internet rapidly, while its digital broadband network technology
allows user to move around quickly.
Various advantages are High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access,
always on connectivity etc.The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has
resulted in the traffic congestion on the net, resulting in slower and expensive internet access
.As cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the internet to
house-holds with faster access at feasible rates.

ACCESS ON INTERNET
We are all quite familiar with the Internet browsing via fax modem through dial-up. The
Internet is accessed using a telephone line as the transmission media. The analogue telephone
lines originally meant for voice transmission now carries data but at very low speeds. The basic
disadvantages of this method are the occupation of the telephone line while the Internet is being
accessed, and the telephone bill, in addition to the fees for Internet account, which can touch
the roof! The disconnections and redialing required quite often during the browsing, is
distressing more so when the connection gets cut while you are downloading important
information or large files. Whereas broadband access technologies enable data transfer at high
speeds. Therefore, any medium or technology that allows data transfer speeds of more than
64kbps can be called as broadband technology. The medium can carry numerous voice, video
and data channels simultaneously since each channel takes up a different frequency and there is

8|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

no interference with one another. A co-axial cable TV is a classic example of broadband

technology as it can broadcast several channels simultaneously, but only in one direction. The
same technology principles are now applied for delivering rich multimedia content in two-way
direction.

CABLE NETWORK:
.For access of Internet through the cable network you need a cable modem instead of a
telephone modem. The cable modem is however, not just a modem, its encryption and security
features are in-built and user can also access television channels simultaneously through the
cable connection, optionally, as shown in figures 1 and 2. A cable modem is a device that
allows high-speed access to the Internet via cable TV network. It typically has two connections,
one to the cable wall outlet and the other to a computer and TV through a splitter. With cable
TV network and Using a phone line, connections are painfully slow, especially when
downloading photographs, graphics, or video images.

Fig. 1: Single-user premise equipment configuration

The cable modem technology for the Internet provides an always-on feature for individuals to
access the Internet rapidly, while its broadband network allows user to move around quickly.

9|Page
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

One gets unlimited time of surfing at a very high speed. As a result, information providers are
able to offer better-quality content as more consumers gain Higher-speed access to the Internet.
• The cable network was designed to deliver TV signals in one direction from the Head-
End to the subscribers homes.
• To provide TV services Cable Operators had to recreate a portion of the over-the-air
radio frequency (RF) spectrum within a sealed coaxial cable line.
• Operators had to upgrade the cable network so that signals could flow in both directions
• Cable Operators assign a spectrum of signal frequencies to the cable network
• One spectrum is used for the signals that move from the Head-End towards the cable
subscriber.
• Another spectrum of signal frequencies are used for the signals that move from the
cable subscriber towards the Head-End.
• By replacing existing one way amplifiers with two way amplifiers Cable Operators are
able to separate the upstream and downstream signals and amplify each direction
separately in the right frequency range.

(Up to 16 pes with current software configuration)

Fig. 2: Multi-user premise equipment configuration

10 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

Fig. 3: A Modern Cable network:

COMPARISONS:
The revolution of digital technology and evolution of cable TV network (broad band
technology) helps to access Internet, the cable modem's speed varying widely. In the
downstream direction from network to the computer, speeds can be any where up to 36Mbps.
Few computers will be capable of connecting at such high speeds; a more realistic number for
computers is 3 to l0Mbps<.In the upstream direction from computer to network, speed can be
up to l0Mbps. However, most modem producers will probably select a more optimum speed
between 200kbps and 2Mbps. for instance; a file that takes eight minutes to download over a
28.8kbps modem connection would take two minutes to download on ISDN, compared to eight

11 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

seconds via cable modem. In the upstream direction (from computer to network), speeds can be
up to 10 Mbps. However, most modem producers have selected a more optimum speed
between 500 Kbps and 2.5 Mbps,and many cable operators limit the upstream bandwidth to
128 or 384kbs. An asymmetric cable modem scheme is most common. The downstream
channel has a much higher bandwidth allocation (faster data rate) than the upstream.

Once broadband technology becomes available to large sections of the society, a

whole range of applications will become possible to consumers. There will be high-speed
Internet access, real time video conferencing, video streaming, music downloads, interactive
television, online education and remote classroom distance learning, online shopping, video-
on-demand, online games and teleworking. Broadband technologies can deliver information
faster and because of the efficient and use of the communication pipes, more number of users
can be connected to the Internet without affecting the speed of downloading or uploading data.

Typically, in an academic business environ merit, this helps to boost employee

efficiency, increase their productivity and reduce cost. In the cable modem development an
asymmetric setup will probably be more common than a symmetric setup. In an asymmetric
scheme, the downstream channel has a much higher bandwidth allocation, faster data rate than
the upstream. One reason is that the current Internet applications tend to be asymmetric in
nature. Activities such as web navigation and news group reading send much more data down
to the computer than to the network. Mouse clicks (URL requests) and e-mail messages are not
bandwidth-intensive in the upstream direction. Image files and streaming media i.e. audio-
video are very bandwidth intensive in the downstream direction. Hence, using cable modem is
much beneficial than the telephone dial-up-modem. A cable modem can be part modem, part
tuner, part encryption or decryption device, part bridge, part router, part network interface card,
part simple network management protocol agent and part Ethernet hub. Typically a cable
modem sends and receives data in two slightly different fashions. In the downstream direction,
the digital data is modulated and then placed on a typical television carrier.

The signal can be placed in 6MHz channels adjacent to TV signals on either side,
without disturbing the cable television video signals. primarily because Internet applications

12 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

tend to be asymmetric in nature. Activities such as World Wide Web (http) navigating and
newsgroups reading (nntp) send much more data down to the computer than to the network.
Mouse clicks (URL requests) and e-mail messages are not bandwidth intensive in the upstream
direction. Image files and streaming media (audio and video) are very bandwidth intensive in
the downstream direction.

NETWORK SETUP:
A· propose typical cable network is shown in figure 4. It consists of Internet backbone
connectivity from internal service protocol. It then goes to the router and to the switch. The
switch connects to the server as well as the cable modem termination system (CMTS). The
CMTS output goes to the up converter before finally being fed in to the cable network.
Information will reach your doorstep, which is a great extended development of satellite
technology and communication technology to help develop and design such type of networks to
save the wealth of nation and its potential to parental organization to adopt such a technology.
The kind of technology has been already. existing in the US and UK for the last few years.
There are several methods for computer connection, but Ethernet 10 Base T is emerging as the
most predominant method. Although it probably would be cheaper to produce the cable modem
as an internal card for the computer, this would require different printed-circuit cards for
different kinds of computers, and additionally would' make the demarcation between cable
network and the customer’s computer too fuzzy.

Fig. 4: A Traditional Cable network

13 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

NETWORK TECHNOLOGY:

• It modulates and demodulates signals

• Much more complicated than their telephone counterparts
• Cable modems can be part modem, part tuner, part encryption/decryption device, part
bridge, part router, part network interface card, part SNMP agent, and part Ethernet hub
• Typically, a cable modem sends and receives data in two slightly different fashions
• In the downstream direction
• he digital data is modulated and then placed on a typical 6 MHz television channel,
somewhere between 50 MHz and 750 MHz
• 64 QAM is the preferred downstream modulation technique, offering up to 27 Mbps per
6 MHz channel
This signal can be placed in a 6 MHz channel adjacent to TV signals on either side without
disturbing the cable television video signals.The upstream channel is more trickier
• Typically, in a two-way activated cable network, the upstream (also known as the
reverse path) is transmitted between 5 and 42 MHz
• This tends to be a noisy environment, with RF interference and impulse noise.
Additionally, interference is easily introduced in the home, due to loose connectors or
poor cabling
• Since cable networks are tree and branch networks, all this noise gets added together as
the signals travel upstream, combining and increasing
• Due to this problem, most manufacturers use QPSK or a similar modulation scheme in
the upstream direction, because QPSK is more robust scheme than higher order
modulation techniques in a noisy environment
The drawback is that QPSK is "slower" than QAM

SERVICES:

The emergence of communication technology and information technology lead to electronic

library with the help of internet, and expert systems development and a widespread use of

14 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

information networks for the dissemination and interactive use of information covering every
facet of human life will become the order of the day. The vision and legacy of Dr. S.R.
Ranganathan will continue to be an inspiration and a guiding star for the emergence of the new
library and information profession. To keep abreast and to lead the information revolution of
the new millennium, the profession should strive for a dynamic approach in training and
development with a new spectrum of specializations. These are essential to scenarios in
information systems and related technologies; including development of cable TV network and
more techniques to meet the emerging user needs. In this network the most popular service
undoubtedly is the high-speed Internet access this enables a typical array of Internet services at speeds
hundreds of times faster than with a telephone. Other services offered may Include access to streaming
audio and video servers, local content (community information and services), and CD-ROM servers.
New services and ideas are born daily. The Internet on cable will offer high-speed interactive content to
homes and workplaces over coaxial distribution architecture. The network provides the high
speed cable modem; 24-hours a day, unlimited access to the internet; e-mail and chat; a Netscape
navigator browser; and an internet guide featuring local and world-wide content cable modems enable
data connections with much higher speeds than ISDN.

15 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

Fig. 5: A Propose typical network using cable for Internet access

.
ISDN transmits and receives at speeds of 64 kbps and 128 kbps. Cable modems will be able to receive
data at up to 10Mbps and send it at speeds up to 2 Mbps (in some cases up to 10 Mbps). Other benefits
include local customer care, no need for additional phone line, always-on facility, and unique local and
national content.
• The dominant service is high-speed Internet access
– This enables the typical array of Internet services to be delivered at speeds far faster
than those offered by dial-up telephone modems
– Other services will include
– access to streaming audio and video servers, local content (community information and
services)
– access to CD-ROM servers
– a wide variety of other service offerings. New service ideas are being developed daily.
• In North America, cable operators are packaging high-speed data services much like they do
basic cable television service

16 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

• Typically charging $40 - $60 per month for an Internet service package
– Includes software, unlimited Internet access, specialized content and rental of a cable
modem
• At the low end of this pricing scale, a very robust Internet service is available to consumers for
about the cost of a dial-up account with a local Internet service provider and a second telephone
line even at $60 per month, cable is a far better value than ISDN

REAL WORLD PERFORMANCE:

• The theoretical performance of a Cable Modem is based upon all other devices being able to
work at the same speed and performance as the Cable Modem
• However, in a similar way that the actual usable bandwidth on a 10Mbps Ethernet connection
reduces to a 4Mbps, so too will the performance of a Cable Modem connection be reduced
• The Cable network itself will suffer the same problems of Internet performance as any other
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Although performance to services on the cable network itself can be amazingly fast, access to 'the
outside world' will be slowed down by the performance of other connections on the way
• As usage on your segment grows (as more customers are added) the bandwidth must be shared
by more people
– Adding more cable network segments is very expensive for the cable operator
• If you connect to a remote Internet site that itself has a connection speed equivalent to a T1
connection (1.5Mbps), then that is as fast as the data can be served to you, no matter how fast
your receiving equipment is

SOME COMPANY NAME OF CABLE MODEM

 3Com

 Cisco Systems

 Com21

 General Instrument

 Motorola

 Nortel Networks

17 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

 Phasecom

 Samsung

 Terayon,

 Toshiba

 Zenith

 And many others

ADVANTAGES:

• A cable modem can provide Intenet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a local
area network (LAN)
• Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they can connect to the LAN with a
standard Ethernet hub or router
• Each PC must have an assigned IP address
– The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a month per PC
– NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple PCs to "hide" behind a single
IP Address

• Advanced High Speed Internet Access Service.

• No new software is required.
• No reconstruction of the cable system necessary.
• Use Of free frequency range from 3 to 5 MHz without TV program reorganization.
• Integration of the modem in the Billing System via router, accounting per space of time or
volume possible.
• Components and amplifiers must have only return path ability.

LIMITATION:

18 | P a g e
 Internet Access Via Cable TV network

• Cable connections are not available in every neighborhood, because cable connections are
‘Always on,’ one needs a firewall and activation of other security features so as to protect the
computer.

CONCLUSION:

Internet accessing via cable network with help of broadband technology have opened up a new realm of
information access, storage, and delivery of information information professionals. The Internet is
accessed mainly using a telephone line as the transmission media. The basic disadvantages of this
method are the occupation of the telephone line while the Internet is being accessed, and the telephone
bill, in addition to the fees for Internet account, which can be highly expensive. Access of Internet via
cable television network offers very high speed without traffic jam and with less cost. This technology
is feasible if certain basic requirements are met which includes two way cable network and better-
quality cables.

REFERENCE:

www.seminarsonly.com/.../Internet%20Access%20via%20Cable%20TV%20Network.ph
www.slideworld.com/.../Internet-Access-via-Cable-TV-ppt-713075
seminartopics1.blogspot.com/.../internet-access-via-cable-tv-network.html
www.catv.de/netzwerk/catv/.../ELSA%20Cable%20Modem_UK.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television
www.slideshare.net/.../internet-access-via-cable-network - United States
www.scribd.com/doc/38687880/Internet-Access-via-Cable-TV-Network
www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-internet-access-via-tv-cable-network
www.networkmagazineindia.com/200102/market2.htm
www.google.com › Computers › Internet › Access Providers

19 | P a g e