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Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has been
HE In the earlier research works, the area of vehicle to vehicle
developed by using Vehicular Ad-hoc Network to communication begins from the Adhoc network mode that
improve the safety of the passengers and drivers. It further expands in to VANET in which the vehicles are
provides the Emergency and Entertainment information to the assumed to be moving in the city limit only [4]. The present
vehicles which enables a new mobile application for the work considers the vehicles moving outside the city and
benefit of the travelers [1]. The inter-vehicular communication exchanging information directly without using Road Side
field includes: vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to Unit. The range of 802.11 standards is nearly hundred meters,
Road Side Unit communication. Each VANET nodes includes and the vehicles within this range behave as a router to
a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, which is used to propagate the information in a multi-hop communication [5].
find the position of each vehicle in the vehicular network [2]. To transfer the message from one vehicle to another vehicle,
This information of the GPS is used by the VANET to identify the network needs an efficient protocol. The main function of
the position of other vehicles and exchanges information the routing protocol is to identify the position of each vehicle
which decreases the road accidents in the highways [2] [3]. in a VANET. This information is used for identifying the
This Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Communication requires a source and destination vehicles in a vehicular network. The
new type of routing protocols for efficient data transmission1. routing protocol can be classified according to the range of
communication. By the use of routing algorithm, a route is
This paper compares the main routing protocols and established to link source and destination vehicles. The unicast
analyzes how these protocols behave in the given highway protocol sends the information from one source vehicle to
scenario with varying traffic density and speed of the vehicles. destination vehicle, but in multicast protocols the information
is sent to a group of vehicles [6]. For reliable vehicular
F.A. Associate Professor,Department of Computer Science, S.T Hindu College,
communication, the performance of the routing protocol used
Nagercoil-02.
S.B. Associate Professor,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, to communicate the message is important [3]. Different
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-12. routing protocols are suited for different VANET
T.C. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications,
characteristics and scenarios, but the main issue is how to
St.Xaviers catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil. select an efficient routing protocol among them. For this
purpose reactive and proactive protocols are taken into
JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2010, ISSN 2151-9617
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consideration and these protocols are applied to the proposed Most of the previous works on routing protocols have been
highway model scenario mentioned in this paper. The established for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks [8] [9] only a limited
characteristics of these protocols are studied using of NS 2.34 work has been done on vehicle to vehicle communication
version network simulator. inside the city. But no major attempt has been made on
vehicular communication outside the city area.
3. ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANETS
Algorithm1: Cluster Creation
A routing protocol plays an essential role in vehicular network
data communication. The VANET is a main component of
MANET, so the operations of these two Adhoc networks are
the same. Therefore most of the MANET routing protocols are
applicable to vehicular networks. Due to the difference in high
speed mobility of vehicles, VANET communication requires
suitable modification in the predefined routing protocols and
IEEE standards 802.11. This paper discusses the routing
protocols for VANET implemented in NS2.34 version namely
Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) protocol. It is a
table driven protocol, while the other two, namely Dynamic
Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc On-demand Distance
Vector (AODV) routings are on demand protocols [7][8].
DSDV is a modification of the Bellman-ford algorithm, which
can solve routing problem in VANET environment. Each node
maintains a routing table, which contains the shortest path
information to other node in the vehicular network. The
DSDV algorithm provides one route to the destination vehicle
Algorithm 2 : Service Discovery Algorithm
and chooses the shortest path according to the number of hops
to reach the destination. The DSDV is well suitable for small
scale ad-hoc network [6].
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Figure 4 it is observed that the routing protocol DSDV with
802.11P yields a low Packet Receiving Time than the routing
protocol DSDV with standard 802.11.
REFERENCES
[1] Shi, W. Liu Y “Real-Time urban traffic monitoring with global
positioning System equipped vehicles” Intelligent Transport System, IET,
Issue Date: June 2010, Volume 4 Issue 2 Page :113-120.
[6] Ali, S. Bilal, S.M. “An Intelligent Routing protocol for VANETs in
city environments”, Computer, Control and Communication, 2nd
International Conference on 2009 On page(s): 1 – 5
[7] Zuo, Jing Wang, Yuhao Liu, Yuan Zhang, Yan,” Performance
Evaluation of Routing Protocol in VANET with Vehicle-Node Density”,
(WiCOM), 2010 ,onOn page(s): 1 – 4.
This paper analyzes the routing protocols Destination [10] TaeOh Kim, SungDae jung, SangSun Lee Korea “Clustering-Based
Multi-Channel MAC Protocol In VANET” Ubiquitous Communication
Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Ah-hoc On-demand
Page 380-383, Dec 2009.
Distance Vector and Dynamic Source Routing in a VANET
[11] B.Ramakrishnan,R.S.Rajesh,R.S.Shaji,” CBVANET: A Cluster Based
environment. It has been proved that a better performance is
Vehicular Adhoc Network Model for Simple Highway Communication”,
received in DSDV for both 802.11 and 802.11p standards in
Int.J.Advanced Networking and Application Dec-2010 ,Under review.
terms of the packet receiving time and Broadcasting time.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2010, ISSN 2151-9617
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[12] B.Ramakrishnan,R.S.Rajesh,R.S.Shaji,” SD CBVANET: Service
Discovery in Cluster based Vehicular Adhoc Network model for Simple
HighWay Communication”,ICTACT,Dec-2010, Paper Under review.