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Experiment No :6
ID No : 09ALB03481
Objective
To determine the respective weight percent of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) in a mixture by using pH meter to detect the equivalent points.
Introduction
A pH meter is used in the acid-base titration to determine the total alkali (Na2CO3
and NaOH) present in the sample solution. Using this technique, unknown concentration of
sample solution is place into the conical flask and titrates with HCl which place in buret. The
change of pH from the pH meter will be recorded and the curve of the titration can be drawn.
From the observation of the graph it will shows that there will be a drastic change of Ph when it
reach its equivalent points.
There is an amount of acid needed for first stage and second stage for the reaction with
the sample solution. Hence, the percentage of the bases in the mixture can be determined.\
Materials
0.1M hydrochloric acid
pH meter
Methodology
Part A
Titration 1
The electrode of the pH meter is inserted to the conical flask to determine the pH of the
solution.
A titration curve of pH versus amount of acid added into the sample is plotted.
15cm3 of HCl is used to reach the first equivalent point where sodium hydroxide
is fully reacted. This reaction produced sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate
which is converted from sodium carbonate.
20.5cm3 of HCl is used to reach the second equivalent point where sodium
hydrogen carbonate is converted into sodium chloride.
= 2.332 g/dm3
= 100%
= 46.64%
For the chemical equation shown below,
Using: =
The concentration of NaOH in the sample solution is 3.8 10-2 mol dm-3.
= 1.52 g/dm3
Given that the weight of the sample solution is 5 g/dm3.
= 100%
= 30.40%
Questions
2. Hence calculate the weight percentage (wt%) of each alkali in the sampl solution.
A. The weight percentage of Na2CO3 in sample solution is 46.64% while the weight
percentage of NaOH in sample solution is 30.40%.
Discussion
This is the experiment using pH meter to determine the concentration and weight
percentage of Na2CO3 and NaOH.
Using pH meter to do this experiment is not an easy one. First of all, both end
points are not very well visible (curve is not too steep), so accurate judgement of color is
very important. Second, during titration (especially before first end point) it is possible to
lose some carbon dioxide from the solution. If that happens we will overestimate amount
of sodium hydroxide and underestimate amount of carbonate. Other important point is
that both calculations of amount of carbonate and hydroxide are based on two
measurements, which means final error can be twice as large as in the case of simple
titration with one end point.
The titration curve of pH versus the amount of HCl added into the sample was
plotted and it showed a curve with two buffer regions and two equivalence points. This is
because there are two different compounds in the sample solution, which is strong base
and another one is weak base. It is also show that the equivalence points and doesn’t
always occur at the pH7 due to it has to depend on how much of the OH- or H+ moles is
exhibited in the solution being titrated.
Precaution steps
• In this experiment, it is advise that we must wear glove when doing this
experiment. This is because the chemical is strong acid.
• The pH metre has to be calibrate before using it with 2-3 buffer solution which
have the pH 4 , pH 7 and pH 10.
Conclusion
Reference
• Reference Book
Graham Hill and John Holman (2000). Fifth Edition Chemistry: Chemistry In Context.
Nelson Edition.
• Website
http://www.google.com.my/search?
hl=en&q=acid+base+titration+by+using+pH+meter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_meter
http://www.titrations.info/acid-base-titration-sodium-hydroxide-and-carbonate