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Vaishnavi Institute of Technology | ECEDEPT

ECA Lab Manual


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Vaishnavi Institute of Technology


Tirupati
Department of ECE

Electronic Circuit Analysis Lab


Manual

Prepared By

Mr. S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst. Professor


Mr. M.S.A. Srivatsava, M.Tech, Asst. Professor
Department of ECE

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 2


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


HYDERABAD
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
0 3 2

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LAB


List of Experiments ( Twelve experiments to be done) :

I) Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using Multisim OR


Pspice OR Equivalent Simulation Software. (Any Six):

1. Common Emitter and Common Source amplifier


2. Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier
3. Current shunt and Feedback Amplifier
4. Cascade Amplifier
5. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors
6. RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Transistors
7. Class A Power Amplifier (Transformer less)
8. Class B Complementary Symmetry Amplifier
9. High Frequency Common base (BJT) / Common gate(JFET) Amplifier.

II) Testing in the Hardware Laboratory (Six Experiments : 3 + 3) :

A) Any Three circuits simulated in Simulation laboratory


B) Any Three of the following
1. Class A Power Amplifier (with transformer load)
2. Class B Power Amplifier
3. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier
4. Series Voltage Regulator
5. Shunt Voltage Regulator

Equipments required for Laborataries:

1. For software simultation of Electronic circuits


i) Computer Systems with latest specifications
ii) Connected in Lan (Optional)
iii) Operating system (Windows XP)
iv) Simulations software (Multisim/TINAPRO) Package

2. For Hardware simulations of Electronic Circuits


i) RPSs
ii) CROs
iii) Functions Generators
iv) Multimeters
v) Components

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 3


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Electronic Circuit Analysis Lab

List of experiments (Twelve Experiments to be done):

Design and Simulation using multisim or pspice:

1. a. Common Emitter Amplifier


b. Common source JFET Amplifier
2. Two Stage RC coupled Amplifier
3. RC Phase shift Oscillator using Transistors
4. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors
5. Class A Power Amplifier ( Transformer less )
6. Class B Complimentary symmetry Amplifier

Testing in the Hardware Laboratory(3+3):


1. a. Common Emitter Amplifier
b. Common source JFET Amplifier
2. RC phase shift Oscillator
3. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors
4. Class A Power Amplifier ( With transformer load )
5. Series Regulator
6. Shunt Regulator

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 4


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

INDEX

EXP.NO DATE Experiment Name Page No Remarks

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 5


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

PART A Software:
EXP NO: 1 DATE:

1. Common Emitter Amplifier

AIM: To design and simulate the output of common emitter amplifier using Multisim
software and compare the voltage gain with its theoretical value .

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
The CE amplifier consists of biasing resistors R1 and R2,
temperature stabilization resistor RE, collector load resistor Rc . The circuit
uses bypass capacitor CE to eliminate ac degeneration. The signal source is
connected to the transistor base via coupling capacitor C1, capacitor C2
couples external load resistance RL to the transistor collector.
The input signal which is to be amplified is applied to the base
emitter circuit and the amplified output signal is taken between collector &
emitter. In CE amplifier, + ve going signal i.e, a 1800 phase shift is
introduced between the output and input signals and further the output and
input signals is an amplified version of the input signal.
Characteristics of CE amplifier:
i. Large current gain Ai
ii. Large voltage gain Av
iii. Large power gain
iv. Voltage phase shift of 1800
v. Moderate input and output impedances.

Experimental procedure:

1. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


2. Select the new file and give the file name.
3. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.
4. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by
choosing output variables.
5. View and store the result.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 6


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Circuit Diagram:
VCC 12V

VCC
RC
XSC1
R1 4.7kohm
68kohm CC G
2 T
A B
CB Q1 10uF
RS
8 BC107BP
5 4 6
15kohm
10uF

VS
50mV
35.36mV_rms
1
1000Hz R2 RE CE
0Deg 1kohm 47uF
10kohm

1.(B).SINGLE STAGE COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER


CIRCUIT

Expected graph:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 7


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Tabular column: Frequency Response of CE Amplifier Vi = mV

S.NO. Frequency Output Voltage AV=VO/Vi AV(Normalized) AV (indB)


( HZ) VO(mV) = AV/AV max . =20log(AV normalized)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 8


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Calculations:
Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =

Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =

Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 9


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Result: Thus the frequency response and gain of Single stage CE


amplifier is
verified by using Software and Hardware tools.

Exp NO: 1 DATE:


1.b. Common source JFET Amplifier

AIM: To design and simulate the output of Common source JFET Amplifier using
Multisim software and compare the voltage gain with its theoretical value .

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
The circuit diagram provides the basic circuit of one stage low
frequency common source amplifier, which is analogous to the CE
amplifier. Here, the source is common terminal to both input and output
side. The input voltage Vi is applied between gate and the source while the
amplified output voltage is obtained across the load resistance RL in the
output circuit.
However, the source resistance Rs is connected between
source ‘S’ and ground to provide negative feedback. The circuit conditions
are assumed to provide linear property to it.

Characteristics of CS amplifier:
i. The input impedance Zi for CS amplifier is equal to RG i.e,
gate resistance except for voltage divider configuration ( R1
║ R2) of it.
ii. By considering rd >> RD , approximation of all biased
circuits of it attains same output impedance.
iii. In all circuits, the gain is similar but with unbypassed Rs ,
voltage gain Av decreases.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 10


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

iv. This is commonly used one.

Experimental procedure:

1. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


2. Select the new file and give the file name.
3. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.
4. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by
choosing output variables.
5. View and store the result.
Circuit Diagram:
VDD 12V

VDD
RD
XSC1
1kohm
CD G
2 T
A B
10uF
Q1
CG BFW10 6
RG

22kohm 4 3
10uF

5 VS 1
500mV
353.55mV_rms
1000Hz RS CS
0Deg
2kohm 47uF

1. (B).COMMON SOURCE FET AMPLIFIER CIRUIT

Expected graph:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 11


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Tabular column: Frequency Response of CE Amplifier Vi = mV

S.NO. Frequency Output Voltage AV=VO/Vi AV(Normalized) AV (indB)


( HZ) VO(mV) = AV/AV max . =20log(AV normalized)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 12


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Calculations:

Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =

Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =

Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 13


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Result: Thus the frequency response and gain of Single stage CS


amplifier is verified by using Software and Hardware tools.

EXP NO: 2 DATE:


2. Two Stage RC coupled Amplifier
AIM: - To design and simulate transient response and AC analysis of Two
Stage RC coupled Amplifier Circuit to Sinusoidal input by using Multisim
PSPICE package and verify the result practically with Hardware tools.

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
As the gain provided by a single stage amplifier is
usually not sufficient to drive the load, so to achieve extra gain multi-stage
amplifier are used. In multi-stage amplifiers output of one-stage is coupled
to the input of the next stage. The coupling of one stage to another is done
with the help of some coupling devices. If it is coupled by RC then the
amplifier is called RC-coupled amplifier.
Frequency response of an amplifier is defined as the
variation of gain with respective frequency. The gain of the amplifier
increases as the frequency increases from zero till it becomes maximum at
lower cut-off frequency and remains constant till higher cut-off frequency
and then it falls again as the frequency increases.
At low frequencies the reactance of coupling capacitor
CC is quite high and hence very small part of signal will pass through from
one stage to the next stage.
At high frequencies the reactance of inter electrode
capacitance is very small and behaves as a short circuit. This increases the
loading effect on next stage and service to reduce the voltage gain due to
these reasons the voltage gain drops at high frequencies.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 14


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

At mid frequencies the effect of coupling capacitors is


negligible and acts like short circuit, where as inter electrode capacitors acts
like open circuit. So, the circuit becomes resistive at mid frequencies and the
voltage gain remains constant during this range.
Experimental procedure:

1. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


2. Select the new file and give the file name.
3. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.
4. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by
choosing output variables.
5. View and store the result.

Circuit Diagram:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 15


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

VCC 10V

XSC1

VCC
G
R2 R8 R10 R1 T
15.15kohm 4.8kohm 15.15kohm 4.8kohm A B
C2
C4
R5 C1 6 9
5 13.52uF Q2 11
122.4uF R6
600ohm 3 Q1
BC107BP
13.52uF BC107BP 420ohm
V1
2 10mV
7.07mV_rms 8
1000Hz R3 10
R7 R4
0Deg C3 C5
2.85kohm 7R9 1.2kohm
150uF 2.85kohm
1.2kohm 150uF

Fig: Two stage RC coupled Amplifier

MODEL GRAPH:-

Gain (dB)

3dB

F1 f2 Frequency
(Hz)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 16


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Tabular column: Frequency Response of Two stage RC coupled Amplifier Vi


= mV

S.NO. Frequency Output Voltage AV=VO/Vi AV(Normalized) AV (indB)


( HZ) VO(mV) = AV/AV max . =20log(AV normalized)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 17


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Calculations:

Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =

Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =

Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

RESULT:-

Thus the frequency response and gain of Two stage RC coupled


amplifier is verified by using Software tools.

EXP NO: 3 DATE:


3. RC Phase shift Oscillator using Transistors

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 18


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

AIM: To simulate Frequency response of an RC Phase shift Oscillator using


Multisim PSPICE software package.

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
The circuit of RC phase shift oscillator using a common emitter
amplifier and three sections of RC phase shift network is seen. The phase
shift in each ‘ RC’ section is Φ = tan-1 1 / ( ωCR). Here if R is made zero,
then Φ = 900.
As it is impracticable to make ‘R’ zero, in practice the value of
‘R’ is adjusted such that ‘Φ’ becomes 600. The RC ladder network produces
a total phase shift of 1800 between its input and output voltages for the given
frequency.
Thus the total phase shift from the base of the transistor around
the circuit and back to base will be exactly 00 or 3600, thereby satisfying the
Barkhausen condition for oscillation.

Experimental procedure:

1. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


2. Select the new file and give the file name.
3. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.
4. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by
choosing output variables.
5. View and store the result.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 19


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Circuit Diagram:
VCC 12V

VCC
R1
R4
2.2kohm
47kohm

C6
8 XSC1

Q1 0.01uF
C4 C3 C2 G
BC107BP
T
A B
4 5 1
1nF 1nF 1nF

3
2
R2 C5
R6 R5 R3
1kohm 100uF
10kohm 10kohm 10kohm

Fig: RC phase shift oscillator

MODEL GRAPH:-

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 20


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Formula:-

Theoretical Frequency = 1/ (26RC).

Theoretical :-

R = ______K Ω

C = ______ μf

Frequency f = 1 / 2π R.C √6 =

Practical:-

Time Period (T) =

Frequency (f) = 1/T =

Amplitude = _____ Vpp

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 21


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

RESULT:-
Thus the frequency response and gain of RC Phase shift Oscillator is
verified by using Software tools.
Theoretical frequency = --------------------
SIMULATED FREQUENCY = --------------------

EXP NO: 4 DATE:


1. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors
AIM: To simulate Frequency response of an Wien Bridge Oscillator using
Multisim PSPICE software package.

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
The Wien bridge oscillator is the standard oscillator circuit for
all frequencies in the range of 10Hz to 1MHz. It is the most frequently used
type of audio oscillator as the output is free from circuit fluctuations and
ambient temperature. It is essentially a two stage amplifier with RC bridge
circuit resistances R3, L are used to stabilize the outputs amplitude. First
transistor serves as an oscillator and amplifier while the second one serves as
an inverter.
Advantages:
i. Constant output
ii. Works easily
iii. Overall gain is high.
iv. Frequently of oscillations easily changed by
potentiometer.

Disadvantages:
i. Requires two transistors and large number of
components.
ii. It cannot generate very high frequencies.

Experimental procedure:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 22


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

1. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


2. Select the new file and give the file name.
3. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.
4. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by
choosing output variables.
5. View and store the result.

Circuit Diagram:

MODEL GRAPH:-

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 23


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Formula:-

Theoretical Frequency = 1/ (2R1R2C1C2).

Theoretical :-

R1 = ______K Ω , R2 = ______K Ω

C1 = ______ μf , C2 = ______ μf

Frequency f = 1/ (2R1R2C1C2) =

Practical:-

Time Period (T) =

Frequency (f) = 1/T =

Amplitude = _____ Vpp

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 24


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

RESULT:-
Thus the frequency response and gain of Wien bridge oscillator is
verified by using Software tools.
Theoretical frequency = --------------------
SIMULATED FREQUENCY = --------------------

EXP NO: 5 DATE:

2. Class A Power Amplifier ( Transformer less )

AIM: To design and simulate frequency response of a class-A power


amplifier using Multisim software package tools. Also calculate the
efficiency..

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
It is an amplifier in which an output current flows for the
complete AC cycle of the input signal. This condition is achieved by
locating the Q-point at the centre of the load line. Class A amplifier is
basically a CE amplifier and the output is directly coupled with load . Thus
it is called ‘Direct coupled Class A power amplifier.
In this case, in order to operate the transistor exactly in
midpoint of the load line, two separate power amplifier are used. The
resistor RB provides biasing voltage to the base emitter junction transistor
through VBB & VCC provides biasing voltage for base collector junction.
The input signal is coupled to base via input coupling capacitor
C1, it provides the loading effect between source resistance and RB. The
resistor RE acts as temperature stabilization resistor.

Experimental procedure:

1. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


2. Select the new file and give the file name.
3. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 25


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

4. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by


choosing output variables.
5. View and store the result.

Expected waveform:

Circuit Diagram:

VCC 10V

XSC1
Rb Rc
VCC
47kohm 270ohm G
T
A B
Rs C1
4 cc2

600ohm 2 3
32uF
V1 Q1 47uF
1 25mV BJT_NPN_VIRTUAL 5
17.68mV_rms R5
1000Hz 1kohm
0Deg

Fig: Class A Power Amplifier (Transformer less )

MODEL GRAPH:-
S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 26
Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Gain (dB)

3dB

F1 f2 Frequency (Hz)

Tabular column: Frequency Response of Class A Power Amplifier. Vi = mV

S.NO. Frequency Output Voltage AV=VO/Vi AV(Normalized) AV (indB)


( HZ) VO(mV) = AV/AV max . =20log(AV normalized)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 27


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Calculations:

Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =

Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =

Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 28


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Result: Thus the frequency response and gain of Class A Power


Amplifier is
Verified by using Software and Hardware tools.

EXP NO: 1 DATE:

6. Class B Complimentary symmetry Amplifier

AIM: To design and simulate the output of Class B Complimentary symmetry


Amplifier
using Multisim software and compare the voltage gain with its theoretical value .

SOFTWARE USED: Multisim software, computer.

THEORY:
Power amplifiers are designed using different circuit configuration
with the sole purpose of delivering maximum undistorted output power to
load. Push-pull amplifiers operating either in class-B are class-AB are
used in high power audio system with high efficiency.
In complementary-symmetry class-B power amplifier two types of
transistors, NPN and PNP are used. These transistors acts as emitter
follower with both emitters connected together.
In class-B power amplifier Q-point is located either in cut-off region
or in saturation region. So, that only 180o of the input signal is flowing in
the output.
In complementary-symmetry power amplifier, during the positive half
cycle of input signal NPN transistor conducts and during the negative
half cycle PNP transistor conducts. Since, the two transistors are
complement of each other and they are connected symmetrically so, the
name complementary symmetry has come

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 29


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Theoretically efficiency of complementary symmetry power amplifier


is 78.5%.

Experimental procedure:

6. Open the Multisim simulation package in the personal computer.


7. Select the new file and give the file name.
8. Build a circuit using component toolbar according to the circuit
diagram.
9. Simulate the circuit using frequency response analysis menu by
choosing output variables.
10.View and store the result.

Circuit Diagram:
VCC 12V

VCC
RC
XSC1
R1 4.7kohm
68kohm CC G
2 T
A B
CB Q1 10uF
RS
8 BC107BP
5 4 6
15kohm
10uF

VS
50mV
35.36mV_rms
1000Hz 1
R2 RE CE
0Deg 1kohm 47uF
10kohm

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 30


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

1.(B).SINGLE STAGE COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER


CIRCUIT

Expected graph:

Tabular column: Frequency Response of CE Amplifier Vi = mV

S.NO. Frequency Output Voltage AV=VO/Vi AV(Normalized) AV (indB)


( HZ) VO(mV) = AV/AV max . =20log(AV normalized)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 31


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Calculations:

Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =

Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =

Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 32


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Result: Thus the frequency response and gain of Single stage CE


amplifier is
verified by using Software and Hardware tools.

Current Series Feed back Amplifier

AIM: To simulate the Current Series feedback amplifier using Multisim

Software Required: Multisim

Calculations:

Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =


Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =


Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

Result:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 33


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

EXPECTED GRAPH:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 34


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXP NO: DATE:


Voltage Shunt Feed back Amplifier

AIM: To simulate the Voltage Shunt feedback amplifier using Multisim

Software Required: Multisim

Calculations:

Maximum Voltage Gain(Av max) =


Av max - 3db=

Lower cutoff Frequency f1 =


Upper Cutoff Frequency f2=

Bandwidth=f2-f1=

Result:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 35


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 36


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXPECTED GRAPH:

EXP NO: DATE:


RC Phase Shift Oscillator

AIM: To simulate the RC Phase shift oscillator using Multisim

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 37


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Software Required: Multisim

Calculations:

Time Period:
Frequency:
Amplitude Vp-p:

RESULT:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 38


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXPECTED GRAPH:

EXP NO: DATE:


Wien Bridge Oscillator

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 39


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

AIM: To simulate the Wien Bridge Oscillator using Multisim

Software Required: Multisim

Calculations:

Time Period(T)=
Frequency (f) =
Amplitude Vp-p:

RESULT:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 40


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXPECTED GRAPH:

PART B Hardware:
EXP NO: DATE:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 41


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CE AMPLIFIER
AIM: 1. To construct a CE Amplifier and calculate AI, AV,RI and RO
Theoretically as well as practically.
2. To Calculate f1, f2 and band width.
APPARATUS:

S.NO. NAME RATING NO.OF DEVICES


1 Regulated power supply 12V 1
2 Transistor 2N2369 1
3 Resisters 860Ω 1
1KΩ 2
8.2KΩ 1
18KΩ 1
Potentiometer 4.8KΩ 1

4 Capacitors 22 μF 2
100 μF 1
5 Function Generator 10-1MHZ 1
6 C.R.O 20MHZ 1
7 Connecting wires 10

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the CE Amplifier circuit as shown in fig1.


2. Apply VCC = 12V.
3. Give a sine wave input Vi = 100mV at a frequency of 5KH Z and measure
the output voltage VO using C.R.O.
4. Connect the variable resistance 4.8KΩ across output terminals shown
with dotted line in fig.(1) and adjust it to get on output voltage as half of
the open circuit voltage measured in step 3.
5. Disconnect the variable resistance 4.8KΩ from the circuit, measure its
value using multimeter, which is RO.
6. Calculate AI, AV, RI and RO both theoretically and practically.
7. Compare all values in table (1).

CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 42


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Fig1. Circuit diagram of Common Emitter Amplifier

Table (1) Comparison table of CE parameters

Parameters Practical Values Theoretical Values


Voltage gain (AV)

Current gain(AI)

Input Resistance(RI)

Output Resistance(RO)

CALCULATIONS:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 43


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Theoretical Values:

hie = 4KΩ
hfe =

R1=8.2KΩ R2=18KΩ

RL=4.8KΩ

Current gain AI = -hfe =

Voltage gain AV = -hfe RL =


Ri

Input resistance Ri = hie =

Output resistance RO = ∞

Practical Values:
Freqency F = 5KHZ
Source Resistance RS= 1KΩ
Input Voltage Vi= 100mV
Source Voltage VS =
Output Voltage VO=
Output Resistance RO=
Output Current IO = VO/RO=
Input Current Ii = (VS-Vi )/ RS =

Voltage Gain AV= VO/Vi=

Current Gain AI= IO/Ii=

Input Impedece Ri = Vi/Ii=

Table(2) Frequency Response of CE Amplifier : Vi= 100mV

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 44


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

S.NO. Frequency Output Voltage AV=VO/Vi AV(Normalized) AV(indB)


HZ VO(mV) = AV/AV max . =20log(AV normalized)

Expected graph:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 45


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Frequency Response:
1. By keeping the input voltage Vi = 100mV constant and
varying the signal frequency note down the corresponding
output voltage at each frequency. Calculate the value AV at each
frequency.
AV (Voltage gain) = VO/Vi.

2. Normalize the voltage gain at each frequency measure in above


step with respect to its maximum value and convert the
normalized gain into decibels(dB) by using the formula .
AV (dB)= 20 Log (AV/AV max).

3. Draw the frequency response curve AV (dB) Vs frequency on a


semilog graph sheet.

3dB frequencies:
f1=
f2=

Band Width = f2 – f1 =

Result:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 46


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXP NO: DATE:

RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR


AIM:-
To construct RC phase shift Oscillator and to calculate the frequency of
Oscillations of the RC phase shift Oscillator theoretically as well as practically
Using BJT.

APPARATUS:-
1. RC phase shift Oscillator trainer Board.
2. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope ( C .R. O.).
3. Digital multimeter.
4. Connecting probes and wires.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (1).


2. Apply VCC = 12V, adjust R2 to set the operating point VCE = 5V.
3. Connect the CRO to the output VO Terminal adjust 10 K Ω potentiometer to
get an undistorted sinusoidal output.
4. Draw the output signal on a graph sheet.
5. Calculate theoretical frequency and compare it with the experimental result.

CALCULATIONS:-

Theoretical :-

RC = 3.3 K Ω
R = 3.9 K Ω, C = 0.047μf
K = RC / R =
Frequency f = 1/ 2π R.C √(6+4 K) =
Practical:-

Time Period (T) =

Frequency (f) = 1/T =

Amplitude = Vpp

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 47


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

Fig (1) Circuit diagram of RC phase shift Oscillator.

EXPECTED GRAPH:-

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 48


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

RESULT:-

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 49


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXP NO: DATE:


WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
AIM:-
To construct wien bridge Oscillator and to calculate the frequency of
oscillations of the wien bridge oscillator theoretically as well as practically.

APPARATUS:-

1. Wien Bridge Oscillator trainer Board.


2. Cathode pay Oscilloscope ( C .R. O.).
3. Connecting probes and wires.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Connect the Circuit as shown in the fig.


2. Apply VCC = 12V.
3. As matched components are connected in the circuit to achieve Zero phase
shift.
( i.e. R1 = R2 = 10 KΩ and C1 = C 2 = 0.01 μF).
4. Observe the output signal and note down the output frequency & Amplitude
with the help of Oscilloscope.
5. Compare the output frequency with theoretical value can be achieved by

CALCULATIONS:

Theoretical :-
F = 1/(2πRC)
Where R = R1 = R2 = 10 KΩ
C = C1 = C2 = 0.01 μ f.

Theoretical Frequency = Hz.

PRACTICAL:-
TimePeriod(T)=

Frequency (f) =1/T=

Amplitude =

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 50


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

EXPECTED GRAPH:-

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 51


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

RESULT:-

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 52


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXP NO: DATE:

CURRENT SERIES FEED BACK AMPLIFIER


AIM:
To construct a feed back amplifier (current series) determine Ri,
Ro,Av,Ai,f1,f2 and bandwidth with and without feedback and compare them.

APPARATUS:

S.NO NAME OF THE DEVICE RATING NO.OF DEVICES.


1. Regulated power supply 15V 1
2. Resistors 10kΩ 1
4.7KΩ 2
1kΩ 1
33 kΩ 1
220Ω 1
3. Capacitors 22μf 2
47μf 1
4. Resistance box (DRB) 10 kΩ.470KΩ 2
5. Function Generator 10HZ-1MHZ 1
6. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHZ 1
7. Transistor (BJT) BC547 1
8. Connection Wires. 10
9. Bread Board & Mutimeter 1

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the fig.(1).
2. First do the experiment without feed back, i.e by replacing Re1 by
short circuit.
3. Give Vcc= 15V and adjust R2 to set the operating point VCE=8V.
4. Give a sine wave input of Vi=100Mv at a frequency of 5KHZ and
measure Vs and Vo using C.R.O.
5. Connect 10KΩ potentiometer (DRB) across the output terminal
shown with dotted lines in fig.(1) , adjust it to get Vo as half of the
open circuit voltage measured in step 4.
6. Disconnect the potentiometer (DRB) measured its value using
multimeter which is Ro.
7. Decrease the input signal frequency below 5KHZ to get an output
voltage equal to Vo/√2 and note down this frequency as ‘f1’. Again
increase the frequency above 5KHZ to get an output voltage equal
to Vo/√2 and note down this frequency as ‘f2’. Calculated the band
width as f2-f1.
8. Now connect the resistor Re1 in the circuit, repeat steps 3,4,5,6,7
by giving Vcc=15V.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 53


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

9. Calculate Av, Ai, Ri, Ro for with and without feed back and
compare them.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Table (1) Comparison of parameters for with and without feed back Amplifier
current series.

Parameters With out feed back With feed back


Voltage gain (AV)

Current gain(AI)

Input Resistance(RI)

Output Resistance(RO)

Frequency (f1)

Frequency (f2)

Band width (f2-f1)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 54


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CALCULATIONS:

With out feed back: VCE= 8V Freqency F = 5KHZ

Source Resistance RS= 10KΩ

Input Voltage Vi= 100mV

Source Voltage VS =

Output Voltage VO=

Output Resistance RO=

Output Current IO = VO/RO=

Input Current Ii = (VS-Vi )/ RS =

Voltage Gain AV= VO/Vi=

Current Gain AI= IO/Ii=

Input Impedece Ri = Vi/Ii=

Lower Cutoff Frequency(f1)=

Upper Cutoff Frequency(f2)=

Band width = f2-f1 =

With feed back: VCE=8V Freqency F = 5KHZ

Source Resistance RS= 10KΩ

Input Voltage Vi= 100mV

Source Voltage VS =

Output Voltage VO=

Output Resistance RO=

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 55


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Output Current IO = VO/RO=

Input Current Ii = (VS-Vi )/ RS =

Voltage Gain AV= VO/Vi=

Current Gain AI= IO/Ii=

Input Impedece Ri = Vi/Ii=

Lower Cutoff Frequency(f1)=

Upper Cutoff Frequency(f2)=

Band width = f2-f1 =

RESULT:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 56


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXP NO: DATE:


SERIES REGULATOR

AIM: To construct voltage series regulator and to study the response of regulator.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO. NAME RATING NO.OF DEVICES


1 Regulated power supply 30V 1
2 Transistor BC107 2
3 Resisters 1KΩ 2
4.33KΩ 1
4.37KΩ 1
560Ω 1

4 Diode IN2807 1
5 Multimeter 1
6 Bread Board 1
7 Connecting wires 10

PROCEDURE:
1. The circuit was connected as shown in figure.
2. The supply voltage was increased and the corresponding output voltage was
notedown from multimeter.
3. The readings were tabulated in the tabular column.
4. The output response was plotted on a graph sheet.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 57


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:

Vin(V) Vout(V)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 58


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

Expected Graph:

RESULT:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 59


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXP NO: DATE:


SHUNT REGULATOR
AIM: To construct the voltage shunt regulator and to check its output voltage using
hardware

S.NO. NAME RATING NO.OF DEVICES


1 Regulated power supply 20V 1
2 Transistor BC107 1
3 Resisters 100Ω 1
1KΩ 1
1
1

4 Diode IN2807 1
5 Multimeter 1
6 Bread Board 1
7 Connecting wires 10

PROCEDURE:
1. The circuit was connected as shown in figure.
2. The supply voltage was increased and the corresponding output voltage was
notedown from multimeter.
3. The readings were tabulated in the tabular column.
4. The output response was plotted on a graph sheet.

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 60


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR COLUMN:
Vin(V) Vout(V)

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 61


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 62


Electronic Circuit Analysis LAB – V.I.T,,Tirupati

S.Bharath Kumar, M.Tech, Asst.Professor of ECE 63

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