CHAPTER 3

FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

DISCUSSION

PRESENTED BY:
1) SITI ATIFAH
2) HAFIZAH
3) ATHIRAH
OCTOBER 2008
Weight=1.0555g True value=1.0755g

* xi - xt
Percentage relative error Er =
xt
=1.0555-1.0755 x 100%
1.0755
= - 1.86%
S
 i
(x  x ) 2

N 1

S = √0.0611 = 0.0122
5
 1.89, 1.93, 1.95, 2.06, 2.12, 2.16

Outlier : 2.06

Qexp = │a/w│ = │2.06-1.95│ = │0.11 │ = 0.4074

│2.16-1.89│ │0.27│
Qtable = 0.740

*So, the data is accepted.

APRIL 2009
Rearrange in ascending order;

0.3521 0.3552 0.3560 0.3562 0.3565 0.3571 0.3575

I) Mean = 0.3521 + 0.3552 + 0.3560 + 0.3562 + 0.3565 + 0.3571 + 0.3575

7
= 2.4906 ÷ 7
= 0.3558

II) Median = 0.3562

III) Range = 0.3575 – 0.3521

= 5. 4 x 10-3
 Q = |a ÷ w|
a = gap between outlier and closest neighbour
w = range

0.3521 0.3552 0.3560 0.3562 0.3565 0.3571 0.3575

-3 x 10-3 -8 x 10-4 -2 x 10-4 -3 x 10-4 -6 x 10-4 -4 x 10-4

Q = 0.3521 – 0.3552
5.4 x 10-3
= 3 x 10-3
5.4 x 10-3

= 0.5741

Qexp = 0.5471
Qtable= 0.507

Qexp > Qtable, i.e 0.5741 > 0.507 therefore the reading 0.3521 should be rejected.
Standard deviation table;

Sample xi x i  x  x i  x  2

I 0.3575 1.1 X 10-3 1.21 X 10-6

II 0.3562 -2 X 10-4 4 X 10-8
III 0.3552 -1.2 X 10-3 1.44 X 10-6
IV 0.3565 1 X 10-4 1 X 10-8
V 0.3560 -4 X 10-4 1.6 X 10-7
VI 0.3571 7 X 10 -4 4.9 X 10 -7
TOTAL 3.35 X 10-6
S
 i
(x  x ) 2

N 1
S = √3.35 X 10-6
√6-1
= √6.7 x 10-7
=8.1854 x 10-4

Degree of freedom ( n- 1) = 6-1

=5
(at 90% confidence interval, t =2.02)

Confidence limit = ± tx s
√N
= 0.3564 ± 2.02(8.1854x10-4)
√6
= o.3564 ± 6.75 x 10-4
=0.3571, 0.3557


Therefore the true value lies within 0.3557 to 0.3571
OCTOBER 2009
 4.404.42 4.604.48 4.50

0.02 0.06 0.02 0.10


Therefore, 4. 60 is suspected as outlier because it has a large difference to its
neighbor
Q = |a ÷ w|
a = gap between outlier and closest
w = range

Q = | 4.60-4.50 |
| 4.60-4.40 |

= | 0.1 |
| 0.2 |
= 0.5

Qexp = 0.5
Qtable= 0.71

Qexp < Qtable, i.e 0.5 < 0.71, therefore the reading should be retained.
Average = 22.4 ÷ 5
= 4.48
Mean deviation = |V0 – x |
= [4.40- 4.48] + [4.42-4.48]+[4.60-4.48]+[4.48-4.48]+[4.50-4.48]
5
=0.056

Standard deviation table;

No. of trial
xi ( xi  x ) ( xi  x ) 2
1 4.40 -0.08 6.4 x 10-3
2 4.42 -0.06 3.6 x 10-3
3 4.48 0 0
4 4.50 0.02 4.0 x 10-4
5 4.60 0.12 0.0144
TOTAL 0.0248
S = √0.0248
√5 S
 i
(x  x ) 2

= √6.7 x 10-7 N 1
=0.0787

95% confidence interval

t ( n- 1) = 2.78

at 90% confidence interval, t =2.02

Confidence Interval = ± txs

√N
= 4.48 ± 2.78(0.0787)
√5
= 4.48 ± 0.0978
=4.3822,4.5778

Therefore the true value lies within 4.3822 to 4.5778
APRIL 2010
QUESTION 2:

a). Complete the above table by calculating the number of moles, the
mass and % w/v of CH3COOH for trial number 5 (based on
stoichiometric ratio in the above reaction).

2CHзCOOH + Ca(OH)2 →Ca(CHCOO)2 + H2O

V=33.25ml V=39.00ml
M=0.1475M

*Mol Ca(OH)2=0.1475mol X 0.003325L = 0.004904 mol

L
From equation:
1 mol Ca(OH)2 = 2 mol CH3COOH

*X=0.00490 mol X 2 = 0.009800 mol

*Y = 0.009800 mol X 60 gram = 0.5885g
mol
*Z = % w =0.5885 = 1.509%
V 39.00ml

b). From all the five % w/v data, calculate

i) mean,median,range.

*mean = 1.466+1.469+1.447+1.476+1.509 = 1.473

5
*median = 1.469
*range = 1.509-1.447=0.062
c).
 
Qexp = │a/w│ =│1.509-1.476│ = │0.033│ = 0.53
│1.509-1.447│ │0.062│
Qtable = 0.710

*So,the data is accepted because Qexp<Qtable.

*S = √2.019 x 10-3= 0.023

4
 Using T-test formula:

→ = (i) 1.503

*The data lies within 1.445to 1.503.

OCTOBER 2010
Mean = x
n
= (250.06 + 249.10 + 249.87 + 251.15 + 250.21 + 244.81 + 250.99) mg / 7
= 1746.19 / 7
=249.46 mg of vitamin C

ii. Error of trial III

Trial III – expert value = (249.87 – 250.00) mg
= - 0.13

Therefore the value obtained is less 0.13 than the true value.
 244.81 249.10 249.87 250.06 250.21 250.99 251.15

Qexp = │ a/ w │

= (244.81 – 249.10)
(251.15-244.81)

= 0.68

Q table = 0.507
Q exp > Q table
Therefore the data of 244.81 should be rejected.
 x = 250.06 + 249.10 + 249.87 + 251.15 + 250.21 + 250.99
6
= 1501.38
6
= 250.23 mg

S
 (x i  x) 2
N 1

= √2.8598
√6 – 1
= 0.57196

= 0.7563
Degree of freedom = n – 1
=6–1
=5
At 90% confidence level, t = 2.02
Confidence limit, µ = x ± ts
√N
= 250.23 ± (2.02) (0.756)
√6
= 250.23 ± 0.6234
= 250.853 & 249.607
Therefore the true value lies within 249.607 mg to 250.853 mg
THANK YOU