Lines and Lettering

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ALPHABET OF
LINES have fun while learning!!!
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
Learn Lines And Lettering in Engineering
TRACING AND Drawing!
You will be able to identify the alphabet of lines in
INKING
engineering drawing, draw lines correctly and use different
QUIZ lettering shapes.. More and more inside..
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ALPHABET OF 1.1 ALPHABET OF LINES

LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING 1.
TRACING AND 1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET O
INKING
QUIZ
1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWING
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ALPHABET OF LINES TYPES OF LINES LETTERING TRACING AND INKING QUIZ TAKE A BREAK !!
1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES
A. 3 characteristics of alphabet of lines are as follows:
₪ Form
₪ Usage
₪ Darkness and thickness
B. To draw lines using the correct darkness level, use:
₪ HB grade – Dark and heavy lines

₪ H grade – dark and light lines
₪ 2H grade - light lines
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C. To draw lines must consider the thickness of lines, use:
₪ A small point (0.25 – 0.3mm) for light lines

₪ Large point (0.5 – 0.7mm) for heavy lines
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1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
Construction Line Light

Object Line Dark and heavy
Hidden Line Dark and light
Centre Line Dark and light
Plane Cutting Line Dark and heavy
Dimensional Line Dark and light
Short Break Line Dark and light
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Break Line Dark and light
Long Dimension
Phantom Line Dark and light
Object Phantom
Additional/Projection Line Dark and light
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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A. Construction Line
Info:
Use 2H/0.3mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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B. Center Lines
Info:
Use H/0.3mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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C. Object Lines
Info:
Use HB/ 0.5-0.7mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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D. Phantom Lines
Info:
Use H/0.3mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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E. Hidden Lines
Info:
Use HB/ 0.3 -0.5mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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F. Dimension Lines
Info:
Use H/0.25mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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G. Long Break Lines
Info:
Use H/0.3mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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H. Short Break Lines
Info:
Use H/0.3mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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I. Plane Cutting Lines
Info:
Use HB/0.5-0.7mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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J. Additional/Projection Lines
Info:
Use H/0.3mm
pencil
TYPE OF LINES x
Long Dimension
Object Phantom
Center Additional
Short Construction
Hidden Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES 1.2 TYPES OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
There are several types often used
in engineering drawing.
LETTERING
Fives types:
TRACING AND INKING Horizontal lines
Vertical lines
QUIZ
Inclined lines
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Parallel lines
Perpendicular lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES TYPES OF LINES LETTERING TRACING AND INKING QUIZ TAKE A BREAK!!
Drawing Horizontal lines
Horizontal lines
The head of the T-square must always be

placed closely against the drawing board
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Tip:
Drawing Vertical lines You have to know the correct method of
creating lines neat lines.
Make sure:
-The pencil point always sharp. If you
are using a mechanical pencil, make
sure the grade of darkness and size are
appropriate. The usual sizes are 0.3,
0.5, and 0.7mm
-The pencil point must always be
contact with the paper as to apply
uniform pressure during line drawing.
-To obtain a uniform line darkness and
thickness, turn the pencil body little
(about half a turn) while drawing
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Drawing inclined lines

a) Drawing 15º inclined lines
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b) Drawing 30º inclined lines
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c) Drawing 45º inclined lines

d) Drawing 60º inclined lines

e) Drawing 75º inclined lines
75º
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f) Drawing 75º inclined lines on the AB line
75º

Notes :
Drawing Parallel lines
Parallel lines are lines
which have the same
Step Place the set square so that its parallel the distance between them
1 inclined line
Step Slide the set square to the position where the

2 parallel lines are to be drawn
Step Draw the parallel line

3
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Drawing Perpendicular lines

Place the set square at 45º so that it is Notes :
Step
1 parallel to the inclined line perpendicular lines are
. lines that have 90º
Step
Slide the 45º square to that point where the
perpendicular line is to be drawn. angle between them
2
Step Draw the perpendicular line
3
90º
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1.3 LETTERING
ALPHABET OF
Used to document a drawing.
LINES
Must be done without the use of ruler.
TYPES OF
LINES
Each letter is written in uniform size, height, width
LETTERING
TRACING AND and line thickness.

INKING
1.3.1 Types of Lettering
QUIZ
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1.3.2 Lettering Techniques
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1.3.1 Types Of Lettering

i) The Standard upright letters
Written at 90° on the guide line.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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ii) The standard inclined letters.

Written according to a slant range of between
60° and 75° on the guide line.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

1.3.2 Lettering Techniques
Use single stroke technique.

The arrows show the direction of the pencil
point while writing.

Use the same pressure while writing from top to

bottom and left to right.
Write carefully so the letters touch the guide lines.

i) Guide Lines
Used to set the height of the letters.

Drawn by using 2H pencil grade.
Do not erase the guide line after the lettering is done.
The space between the lines is half the height of a letter.
ORTOGRAPHIC H
½H
ISOMETRIC H
Guide Line

ii) Space Between Letters and Words

Space between letters must be about the same.
L IN E S
L ET T ERS
To estimate distance between words, imagine the letter ‘O’ in
between the words.
LINES AND LETTERINGS

iii) Lettering Uniformity

Important to produce good drawings.
Uniform in style, size, inclination,
weight and space.
Carelessness might result in mistakes.
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

iv) Examples of Common Mistakes in Lettering
Lettering style not uniform LEtTErING
Lettering height not uniform

LE TTERING
Lettering inclination not uniform LETTERING
Lettering thickness not uniform LETTERING
Lettering space not uniform LET T E R ING

1.4 TRACING AND INKING
The process of copying an original drawing onto a
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tracing paper using technical pen.
ALPHABET OF
LINES The product of tracing is called inked drawing.
TYPES OF
LINES Inked drawing may be printed using a blue printing
machine.
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING 1.4.1 Tracing and Inking Materials
QUIZ 1.4.2 Drawing Tracing and Inking Method
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1.4.1 Tracing and Inking Materials
a) Tracing Paper
A thin semitransparent paper.
Placed on top of the original drawing.
The drawing on the tracing paper is used as the
master copy for reprinting on the blue print machine.

b) Technical pen
Used to ink drawing on the tracing paper.
Various pen point sizes from 0.1mm to 2mm.
Can be assembled with compass to draw arcs circles.
A technical has to be capped after used, if not its
ink will dry out.
Avoid dropping the technical pen so that the point
does not break.

1.4.2 Drawing Tracing and Inking Method

Kept away all equipments and materials.
Use the sticky tape to set the position of the drawing.
Mistakes can be erased using a blade or ink eraser.

i) Inking method O 44
Step 1
Ink all centres, arcs and
circles.
O 30
Step 2
Ink all horizontal lines.
Step 3
Ink all vertical lines
including hidden lines.
30
Step 4 15
Ink all dimension lines
Including all the details. 60

ii) Inking Result
1. Examples of good and poor inking.
Good Poor
Suggestion
Make sure the pen point does not go beyond

the line and in contact too long at the beginning
and at the end of the line.

2.
Good Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the pen point is not in contact too long at the
beginning and at the end of line.
3.
Good Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the pen point is really in the middle of the tracing paper.

4.
Good Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the tangent line is connected neatly.
5.
Good Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the arrow head is sharp and pointed.

6.
Good Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the hidden lines are neat and uniform.

Time For Quiz!!!
Something awaits you at the end of the quiz.. Check it out!
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Hi.. My name
ALPHABET OF is
LINES Spongebob, i Break a
TYPES OF will help you leg!!
LINES to complete
this easy
LETTERING test..!!
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
QUIZ
SESSION
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1. What is the lines that is used in the early
stages of drawing?
A. Construction line
B. Short break line
C. Object line
D. Centre line
stages of drawing?
Your
answer is
CORRECT!
A. Construction line !
B. Short break line
C. Object line
D. Centre line
Next
Question
stages of drawing? SORRY,
Your
answer is
WRONG…
A. Construction line
B. Short break line
C. Object line
D. Centre line
Try Again
2. What is the lines that is used to show
dissected plane?
A. Additional/ Projection line
B. Long break line
C. Cutting line
D. Hidden line
2. What is the lines that is used to show
dissected plane? Your
answer
is
CORREC
A. Additional/ Projection line T
B. Long break line
C. Cutting line
D. Hidden line
Next
Question
SORRY,
2. What is the lines that is used to show Your
dissected plane? answer
is
WRONG
A. Additional/ Projection
line
B. Long break line
C. Cutting line
D. Hidden line
Try Again
3. Which characteristics of alphabet of lines are
correct?
I. Darkness and thickness
II. Area
III. Usage
IV. Form
A. I and II only
B. I, II and III only
C. I, II and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV
correct?
I. Darkness and thickness Your
answer is
II. Area CORRECT!
III. Usage !
IV. Form
A. I and II only
Next
D. I, II, III and IV Question
SORRY,
correct? Your
I. Darkness and thickness answer
is
II. Area WRONG
III. Usage …
IV. Form
A. I and II only
D. I, II, III and IV Try Again
4. Which form of line best described phantom line?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Your
answer
A. is
CORREC
B. T
C.
D.
Next
Question
SORRY,
Your
A.
answer is
WRONG..
B.
C.
D.
Try Again
5. Table above shows types of pen point
sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV only

Your
answer
is
CORREC
T
5. Table above shows types of pen point

sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
Next
D. I, II, III and IV only Question
SORRY,
Your
answer
is
WRONG.
.
5. Table above shows types of pen point sizes

and their uses. Which of the following is
correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV only Try Again
6. Which phrases below best described the
definition of Tracing and Inking?
A. Tracing and inking are the process of

copying an original drawing onto a tracing
paper using technical pen.
B. Tracing and inking are the process of drawing
onto a tracing paper using technical pen.
C. Tracing and inking are the process of
paper .
D. Tracing and inking are the process of
copying an original drawing using
technical pen.
Your
answer is
CORRECT!
!
6. Which phrases below best described the

copying an original drawing onto a
B. Tracing and inking are the process of

drawing onto a tracing paper using
technical pen.
C. Tracing and inking are the process of copying an
original drawing onto a tracing paper .
D. Tracing and inking are the process of Next

copying an original drawing using Question
technical pen.
SORRY,
Your
answer is
6. Which phrases below best described the WRONG..

copying an original drawing onto a
B. Tracing and inking are the process of

drawing onto a tracing paper using
technical pen.
C. Tracing and inking are the process of
paper .
D. Tracing and inking are the process of Try Again
copying an original drawing using

technical pen.
7. The product of tracing is called ______.
A. Tracing drawing
B. Inked drawing
C. Printing drawing
D. Technical drawing
Your
7. The product of tracing is called______. answer is
CORRECT!
!
A. Tracing drawing
B. Inked drawing
C. Printing drawing
Next
Question
7. The product of tracing is called______. SORRY,
Your
answer is
A. Tracing drawing WRONG..
B. Inked drawing
C. Printing drawing
Try Again
8. What are the materials specifically used for tracing and
inking process?
I. Tracing paper
II. Technical pen
III. Mechanical pencil
IV. Liquid paper
A. I and II only
D. I, III and IV only
8. What are the materials specifically used for tracing
and inking process?
I. Tracing paper Your
II. Technical pen answer is
III. Mechanical pencil CORRECT!
!
IV. Liquid paper
A. I and II only
Next
D. I, III and IV only
8. What are the materials specifically used for
tracing and inking process?
SORRY,
I. Tracing paper Your
II. Technical pen answer is
WRONG..
III. Mechanical pencil
IV. Liquid paper
A. I and II only
D. I, III and IV only Try Again
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CONGRATULATIONS!!
ALPHABET OF
LINES
You have completed the
TYPES OF
LINES
quiz!!
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
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Take a break!!!
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
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“Not to know is bad. Not to

ALPHABET OF 1.1 ALPHABET OF LINES

1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES

A. 3 characteristics of alphabet of lines are as follows:

B. To draw lines using the correct darkness level, use:

₪ HB grade – Dark and heavy lines

BACK NEXT Log Out

C. To draw lines must consider the thickness of lines, use:

₪ A small point (0.25 – 0.3mm) for light lines

BACK Log Out

1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

Construction Line Light

G. Long Break Lines

H. Short Break Lines

I. Plane Cutting Lines

Drawing Horizontal lines

The head of the T-square must always be

BACK PAGE 1 Log Out

BACK PAGE 1 Log Out

Drawing inclined lines

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

b) Drawing 30º inclined lines

c) Drawing 45º inclined lines

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

d) Drawing 60º inclined lines

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

e) Drawing 75º inclined lines

f) Drawing 75º inclined lines on the AB line

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

Step Slide the set square to the position where the

Step Draw the parallel line

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Drawing Perpendicular lines

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TRACING AND and line thickness.

1.3.1 Types Of Lettering

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ii) The standard inclined letters.

BACK PAGE 1 2 Log Out

1.3.2 Lettering Techniques

Use single stroke technique.

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

Use the same pressure while writing from top to

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

Used to set the height of the letters.

BACK PAGE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Log Out

ii) Space Between Letters and Words