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    Nalini Prakash
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    This topic involves the study of: 1. EVOLUTION 3. CHROMOSOMES and DNA STRUCTURE 4. MOLECULAR Genetics and MUTATION 5. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES and GENETIC DIVERSITY.

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    KISS NOTES

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    This topic involves the study of: 1. EVOLUTION 3. CHROMOSOMES and DNA STRUCTURE 4. MOLECULAR Genetics and MUTATION 5. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES and GENETIC DIVERSITY.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    7K views38 pages

    Kiss Notes

    Uploaded by

    Nalini Prakash
    This topic involves the study of: 1. EVOLUTION 3. CHROMOSOMES and DNA STRUCTURE 4. MOLECULAR Genetics and MUTATION 5. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES and GENETIC DIVERSITY.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 38
    Heep it singietcioncs Nonthmead High Schoo 14603217 TEC Raley Ty BLUEPRINT of LIFE What is this topic about? To keep it as simple as possible, (KS) this topic involves the study of 1 EVOLUTION 2. MENDELIAN GENETICS 3. CHROMOSOMES & DNA STRUCTURE 4, MOLECULAR GENETICS & MUTATION 5. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES & GENETIC DIVERSITY but first, an introduction... votuon Soa cea ‘Now you wil vein ve deta he Semone apd te fs fil he DNA mele tad the Gone Cade In the econ sa Molecular Genetics ou lm bw the DNA scolar of ech In the nl ain you wil look bf a whe modes Bhiogy sheng ne Reproductive Technologies anu Genede Enginceing peo heer Opn 1p) " Pw IN Northmead High Scho! St4603217 Some students find that memorisng the OUTLINE of «tpi help them len and emembe he concepts ad 'mportnt fae, As you proceed dough the topic, come Back otis page ela foe how each i fs the ‘woke. the end of the nots you wil d's ero af ths Mad Mayo pace om Deeoen a ri Tisreasand] [ARS ames | [ Peds aac, come | | "sxnanatone | | Homorgoes ences? creer retwrosyoct Emryaiogy Natural Genorypes 8 |/ Framer compe || ste, Ghenanpes [fares Glesomy | | Somatst vocemsty || tert eras exes, | [Baninan- racine ee rence ws Se Mont Sass aatene) [TERE - | To roto | MOLTEN ee — Mendelian ‘Gentes folon cron, 2 ofa Meiosis @ ‘THE BLUEPRINT nee | gamete | OF | oh ‘Simtan Ure \ a ‘Non-Mendelian Sarton Tertte Sine Reproductve Teatmolgtes odotoace @ : Some ny Genetic Bivesty our enstang / Wolecalar Cnetcs a — ‘Mutations: > ona) Ti aenition insemination an "| selinain ri Geraie : Engineering and | [ Matation) [DNA pee Tanseipion& rere imagens | | "tneblon Tes on gna \. erty Fone] emo] [eee Equilioriam ‘evolution phenotypes: Northmesd High School S.#603217 1, EVOLUTION ‘The Evidence for Evolution There overelming evidence hat le on Eath has undergone» que af tans oe th at 33 ton ort cy (ESS. ano he an Palaeontology ‘The Si of Foss ‘The fol evidence ado oor most important, ict elece showing hat Mon Eth ced The foe ot al show that ie ws once ifn, ut te cng ie ae ee "ANCIENT TIMES —> MODERN TES Less complenty —e More complex tes less varety oe Grester variety Less ke) “Hore ana more resen-day fe resting ‘modern ie tee ow do we know his be i? Not only dow ave ima oof exe organ ba an plas den ite een te pte Sediments ae iid dow on tp of the previous Taye the lower ayers are age. Toth sce cost ony pce fais ie tne le by-conaling the seuss, ss gg the Sagan bone ‘Now we a ao place abot tines om any fr by “Radiomettic Dating" he Strain te scl agevof things by mesnaing the cela rise af ‘ri, myocar eiocrope inthe ake (Govern ti more theta ee Pry Tope 3 its on Eat ree) Only + tiny faction of al he ions of oss tha eee ed hte ended up bg foie The ford son Bere inompee aoi ther pay d even Despite dhs pacino os hat hare pie uta gmp of the chuage thar ceed wher oe "pe of Ue wee eveang it str Sach Hse an ied “Tastonl Fo Pegs the mor fous Atchaenpien (Are aces "eer we ‘When thi foe wat ot corey elton oa la hat ofa smal Sosa Onl le ee ated Shar the tin outiner around the oval were the ‘prion of fers This wus a oer? Reconstruction of Archaeotery — ‘hms oar poet eens dh ach ace ‘ype o be dha "appen he El rsd dl ct ie roms pes aeetn Scents he dco ‘anions showing “Terms evhing been cone bing las "abe mel Eb eon 9 Bente eins sd many mot, ining fons of oor peotable seers who wee somewhat spe ie, bu adobe hana ie oot Pw ogeogeaphy (he say of Tow Nee Sica "Wher Chiles Davin tela he ws on boa AS Bog the 160 athe ton of ect ‘pps of Hem fen pc hat ep ha the es He noscl tht cach continent ha town chante ‘ots fen showing smd fetes alegh ein oot clomid ech oe Foren nth content Is races rag mann ll he animate lang, unig, wie Bat ‘gsading eth anal ead prey oh the same ene uy is the ot jt ome pe of age ein ‘st ing very one? iret animal have eve ei he “le gang Dore” rl fen Bepaning tat elation fn cero ite dees oon oe coments, Anute ipa of Bigspy wat sn by Darin on ‘much ade se inthe Capper nde He creed Ut he de were popu by any dicen spec of tel de Soces Ato al we inal td {Schone cach apr ia ha nn prc epeci =o Ww “The expamtion + ied wee i cole by one pe of fe, ‘shed pedo allo tend te goa ‘on each eprte nd codons werent (eit foods aaa) wo ach poate 1s it way it ila pee [BOGEOGRAPHY doesn't prove Evoliion has ‘eccured, but many facts Abou he distbuton ‘of organisms ae best expsined by Evlution Northmead igh School St4605217 Compare Embryology 1 its found Da they ae sri ee een ough ‘hey ter deo int gut lille mle Some Vertebrate Embryos, [Why sou thy bes sar when ty gow upto be sry eet ail? Why hoa foe cap hn teny have al i ces he ak Evolution explains tis as the result ofall these animals evo from a common ancestor which tha an embry the thi Comparative Anatomy Sie id sao oe opi Tere cven sbough howe ody pa mags be wed ire a ‘The hse cumple of sis is the Reundacol Lind Some Vertebrate Freimbs (ems) =t4) Peat" 5, cy ach lin ed in vey ies way by ils ht Iie ey diferentes yl eel he see a amngerent of nee Why? rolton explaing teas the rau ofS tase animals evolving from a common ancestor which Fd ts Bone serve. (Once gin, ten ae FACTS that ae conse wih and ‘a calaned the cncept of EVOLUTION Seach the molecular evel. ll organs have scaly the same + gents ie hie DNA * ergs efor hae toe proces, aha + Sumrall terns el comport, ‘och the poole in cl menbanes, Wi sHOULD ALL ORGANISMS HAVE THe SAME STRUCTURES [AND CODES IN THER once doesnt prove tak evolton occured, bi tf consistent withthe ea tat wfcom ari "who had were Bacher fetes Northmead High choo! $L#603217 Selective Breeding Humans bve "retical" many plans a anal such eat shee cicada hes ma, {nd soon. Ore thonde of yest ha fet Tree hive Bacto ne the beng these gsm fen fer or sia hep il ae ‘er cel which cnn wil be allowed wo be, ‘ee om the bt plat to ww fn na peat sp "The ei hat he tpeces have aged All vet of dose do, for example, long wo he ‘ae pei ad alla bre oe academe puppy” abun 1200015000 year ga ‘How New Technologies ae Changing Out ‘eas About iia Relationships ae: Distant cuose.y REEATED ‘Selecive Banding roves tata spies can be changed, ‘lamang en dot areal nthe wid Fehappens by “Natural Selection” The preceeding pages have outlined the facts & evidence for what has happened. Next we look at the how o> why. The Theory of Evolution, Natural Selection” ‘Darwin & Wallace Inthe {8061 youg mst, Chae Dai 1509-185 seyaged aman the wor! o the nal save ap PS [gl He became conc tat hing ha change, tod et tenet 20 esc, gang sect {td dpi te “how” of hoy 0 ean se, Meanie, anoter Eagan, Aft Wale (123 1915 came upwth ney he ete afer une inthe ta an 1850 Wenge Darwen me he ‘ot foe ths major seme thon, but Willers ‘tutes nt be oan, 1 1859 they indy puedo oui of th theory. ‘nd Darwin lowed up wth dead bk “Og of Spee shot 2 yon ce ‘The Darwin-Wallace Theory of Evolution You ned een the deat fs ory Thi bet hoe aa sve of bere po rete haf eel eel et mies to pnt mati: Ojtespodce lina se {ime bt nly Lor? ure In pec eee ‘at higher than the varied et 2 nesecapi hts sition among inde ck smal of plot gh iret to he oe ‘mero the pce. The iene ny be ih end Ig oo be ey wl be hee spr 1 you pur pins 8 2 ogee, yo see that sia iscmceria AND the hie ftv reo eg ‘Nan sel ich adda is ‘This ell “Natral Selection and expo in oe ded om, 4. Those et atid to i enone si and ‘Spring Tad “Serle the Pineal ‘al be ca in more etl ae S.Outgsnenons te spac canes les) cach ‘escan sgh fet tan eke, Berson ‘ome, elected ts hve bre ad peal ‘msc Northmead High choo! SL#60921 More oa "Natural Selection ‘The fobowing i eon ates fs Pinay Topic 4 sd aed be unde "Suu Ss” fr he ny at nh of mit wats a none ai ce ay rh done alg he eid pe ty with hac coin of ee a hp ort HOW NATURAL SELECTION WORKS. a Theres cng cha che yg ain “ome yen dg eps ‘oye gar hye tee a ot? he pin there pg eo : ‘eo Sm HE lap ‘More on “Survival of the Fiest™ ‘Surniat™ doe aot jt mam sural The Digest ‘oust animal inthe hed who sues pdt fe [west mst ofthe nds ne ton ape ol ge mpl re ii does ot pe In evolu tems “Sua” ment to survive and eomee Rendon ise me aiu of aa ‘nama whch doer ot lve eps ba mnger © roe many vale fp a wna eco ines ete to thse adil with x comtnaton of ances bt sted ke evnnent I Soet ecesany men tgget. Se, stomp. thove et ‘ted to some emonnents might e the sale, rediens ost east pes or the most charning, Sind soil acceptable “The Importance of Variation 1c isl oe he om ping srl of ayes thai ha ‘aston anon the nal af he ppaion ‘When eangesocut in he ements with 2 Jotof ration ar techno urbe ou of llth dierent “yp” hee good che tt tet A speci wih ede vation wishin it, might ve 20 fnetivos om sa eoornmesal cage, std be ‘Wha aout a nome change? Ecol be ‘thew dee peditor competitor in he ot 1 Ghmge ie wey of «fod ue ory other lode orate foe Nomthmesd High School s.4603217 cts of Changing Conditions avioament can cing in any et wa, For ‘apie we know ce aes come a fortes ‘Shang ss he contoct gal “da en bers ‘ny change ir eneonnnt wll eatin Nar Sele ping xt fee eharaentcs forsee tnd he spe il oe ne with he coma age (OF the ching dca a ee ee wil “The falowingeve ie srw to ne he oad alo exmpls of oteaved “nirocehton™ pain fener enence Wat Evohon by Natu Stn te dos cee ‘A Change inthe Pyscal Eionment ‘A caste eam the change nthe popsation of the Engh Bappee Ash wich baw been staced and More Frm on acetal pec of Sach oes doen dent “Tey fo hs “Adige alata” isthe ac hac one» opulon of Gaches cole new ind the wee Saad from other populitons. Movement fads Berne nine tare ee eens sd ech opeeton wa fed eat of ote option, (0 each snd condone wee die eet fade ‘ete wall, tet condsons of atx pyle sini edo sd 0 on Natl stn crn ‘ach poplasa to ech slog» ieee pth wo they Tea ieee spin to ad eel Now even they il tshe gin, dey cul yo ‘need becuse ee ting i perm els ‘nd DNA have changed to beaten They ae Fereve sept Tie Bow we think pees hae es fom common ancestors ore if yes Convergent Evolution (Coarycone wget) Wry eect oan: Ine ote ame ha ot ‘nme a a get ile el ‘he same sors of "Slecas Pss” ad re oy of ‘heme fesse 2 ey my somes et fea thowg oe yl a A ds empl he sai pin mar) tod the ern chon fareps)| A ria re) ‘owing hse he orm, Allied th ne ead shape pet al don in sod hr ech a he spi The seb speci hy a ey steer te dtl of by aca oles Forcumple te dc gl ie ther, ie ‘he dan ng henge There many er cape of ach compe. Northmead High Schoo 14603217 Worksheet 1 Flin he Danks Check our sneak PartA Evidence of Evlaion The most important, det erence fx Erotion comes fiom ane the soy of dows at on Ea a ‘hanged om bog empl to bere See eo al doe 9 vay yt esigoe tt aon lis 9. ees eed of of yer ny ets oll psf “ Sine onde i on om oe pice to another Tae techagee ot 5 hing har sowed ble ae ‘oie mame “An impo pe of font. form whch "ieee ona ood cone oa ‘ich at 100 MMA. lappean vo bet = in the proce of erly io 83) Biogeognphy i the ady of "ges ic evident fo coon ‘ca aon of pee be bes egy Compare Fibrolgy sve tnt verte enbryos weal. fe ech othe, fen hog cach anal geome ap to be 6 This» caplenet by clin aig da ese anil even oo 2 ~ Sim the say of Compare Anatomy sows ch These For example he eb of etc hae the ome ~ wn eee ‘hog each animal” ction Tos “Saige in ” Bochenstey sve hata opis hae the se ese cole in oor wand ae fe coe » wt cona thor mete proce Ths ie eidnce oF ‘rcrre yl Scive Being of domed plint and animals show tat ‘WHEN COMPLETED, WORKSHEETS BcCOME SECTION SUMMARIES Part The Theory of Erion The Th of Ee depend by ° 1 Wea be nasa 3 mai posi 1 gate proce 2 Brey apes own har Semon ST oie ‘hi eb — Ove geet tc ec the seed charset a ing pase on estes proportions "Namal Seton” refs 10 the way tat he foes of rune choos wo sare nce “oes of tn ‘ald nclade doce ‘ed “Srl of the Fer rf hw the npn: : he covet Silanes al ‘esnton win ppuiion Ww oo Wat 4 te ovtoment change there te ote IA fo be soe Sivas who ail = = * ‘Charges o sca popultins hare een ober ‘Them “Math of Engr was overdo spt +p eo ee Sioa of emcee Th ol to enge in oD. Sot exsnpie ware 0 th change ithe merament When he inccte on ‘eh edt aed ne 8 ‘en? ensng mint pet ype © wiv Wo bac =a Competinn for reo an ra i one secs ing fa toominy 9. ‘owen, tthe Posie outcome aed Rear ° ‘ich ee ne oe Stoies toad” the “Copesaon “Diveget Eroution” it when one species “Thi tapers when fear pops of» opeces tec) ‘tom eack er Each Popa jc to ca * ratte duo the eg enone 2 volta” ie whe ue ured renee oh oer ‘Thre happen tes thy nein The Punnett Square ‘The wong ou Bf the cs shown ae lan be 1 tic mesy td confaing srt cl, Poet Inver sane method whch you mt era oe ‘The “Paaet Spe” woking bln shows the sme cron. the faation of the Fy plants Medes ‘Monotybrid Crosses oan” = 1 efeing st ane chances) yb” = costes when 2 "per" ae cs eh teas found tha three min cates in scr orca opasi, ah et! ft Thee ae ce of “Mendelan Geet” and you need 0 beeper he uteomes spl coves Si he ing uge po8ok gh e Tee, Hack oe) dont aio Pri the oun of ung + beget. ack sou wih linn Soon Preteen BBB Bed ams DD bb sfm ] o[ om pe ‘only Soutcomer ate pale, 75852250 orthmead High School 603217 Tape Batieaz In droop far dy, the alle fo ong wings) it Sosa othe alle short wns (1) pur eng Tong winged By wa ned with short wage dy That oflpamg were alowed 1 sate amng tenses Proce n econd pneraion Thee ete 20 fs he Fy Pret ow maya eck phnonpe won cca Soon “Toru out the Fy panne agai a ly ne Pres genres usw Games potie Loy and Loy Ae Fi mst be Genonpes i Phen 10% Lang winged “The forthe Fy uo. ter tat Cag eric | Te te comprise 240 fies, we hold ep let 190 og wing fee and shot wing fice (Powe hi iil pditon ol ad we shold ‘ote spel the atl man ere ay 1904050) [NOW TRY THE PROBLEMS IN WORKSHEET 2 Sere eer Northmesd Wigh Schoo! st#603217 Pedigrees (Family Trees) Aooter sl you mat et bow sn npr ad sonst pti dagen, “Tiss digram bowing heen of nit hough ay ts wed patel wth an fae fe ‘ome chaste ube of genet Symbols Ured in Pedigee Diagrams Mate Bw Ow ‘sh mic ng td hou eit @ OO Femate Ver be a cen of tat cng Each gettin arte by Roan Niner Indias ny be mambo frien Eaamle Ty mans, sme people cn “nil omg” whi totes cans THE pad om by spl endl Taheriance, Her «pape of a any shoving haw u Tere In Geneon | ndiit 142 were bth ong lee “Ty fd chien,» dager sa 3 woos ls of the ‘This means he ini ong ra tbe ees, (Whenever + el shows tee fo both pens ‘held penorpe mt he seine) “Therefor nse silty nt be dominant econ now asgn gmbol——amgueroling ) on oling (8) an woot ow mos: poole genaper Pps as 6? 8 8 RoR Fon PR a ow (Gost) 49° might ees Ro Re more nfnaton eed tobe se wih) estns & Anerrs Hwan we be rre ha patents 1 & 2 at oth Semsmon? (Ai Sin ey rd 8" bs ronal ond ‘as beep 9) bt and. et eye rs gn Pergo, oth mt be an wee ethan Rand NOT “RR ‘Astle mare a oer) o ath lief eran Ii a mnsolin. Toef'6" ot paced ore to He be bomen id ce 156 and “had aot id could be gue sole? Wha techs? Be Theiss Br x 1 sour ono ae gr fr his oil hat (rset ose Se sa 30 nse The shane nes chi i 508 str yd NOT aie yo at te av aa) a 2m. ‘ler ie, “TRY THE PROBLEMS IN WORKSHEET? ‘Uses of Pedigree Diagrams Peligace dag aie ned to eady human fahesnns Beane ot more ee a cy Gare eens pcre ‘hich se dominates Sone human Soda eine Exangles e snap Go whch Hod wl oc dat propel tecleslouctSadae Gast oUngush cra ‘har. Hels profaional cn ty ce fans by comping» peli Char then avne Pople aout he tis to tr len This flow people tke ined dsons about fay ing Northmead igh School st¥605217 Worksheet 2 When Complete, Use as a Section Summary >. aw sed dacmend hes ef ne ter “cling oping rel he Tor cai become preg ae met Don ls he fiw pt, oh ang pt ‘eet Wn sew aan 2 pation, the Fy (ehh mee, 2 : ) towed af t. i a es econ tee rl iw aki deine yc” we. weclal rsh ‘ome Foc te daacsiie om npn sey a 3) gre sich my be (romeegs av may be ‘Beran fll } serosa the Qn ics spn aan ‘oto ses inch aig * thew ‘Sed eos whew btw) ‘pe The = whee pmayp h a : ‘Meo we memati hohe il fil ce provers chants heb wih rece 3. el ann tambo pla oe of ‘pg wali. Senne eo. 8 nt co ch son Pan Mendon Genetic Pres 1. pea ms gn et pa 6) et oer ramet ie 2 Wats te pare pli he rpc ion am Oe Which gna nw ed pete pean preg? Sheer ith ge et oe opt Sayan! (CHECK YOUR ANSWERS AT THE Mace TSE SRST Ta ound) Uses pat gue pts tome of eh of he Ten" Ge ar 2 OG G5 ome 2 Ing Hak din bon psp of af? 1) One a eon em te cas Sed in pee 1 Ue pe ya the oo 19a ct te pe? aS Mk he 3. mang se pes ae id ge sh a ih Inne ye Menno Se te fio el: nga ten rvs h ganna on SEL wu ‘an oun eg pen sen 1) Ain he tes and apap he 2 lle Heineman: aids 4 we hans {Cagle 1 62 a naw a "er aca hye hr a ch gen in your es ei ge Peo Se mat i wih uv i figs Ue une sue eth es ts 1) a, pr 3 i wi ad 2 ei i ila Northmead high Schoo! $t#603217 3. CHROMOSOMES & DNA STRUCTURE Chromosomes ents dicoenes wee “ere” by inte scence in 110 At abou the sane tne, te echt ‘ssn to hgh pee pr of tr el hadi the dicovery of eheomovomes The combiton of Mendlen Geaccr + Chrmorones wa the wet i Uweaktnough Things kom. + Chromosomes are eveadtihe sacttes fa the ruceut of cell Tey ely home ale fo = Yt scope drng el doe + Chromosomes have genes along thei eng ‘Thre may be I of ene on cto + Chromeomes accra pales ‘Chromosomes spa all “homologous Homalogoschnosomes cones with exch ote by caring ei genes in copending een yd 4s Novice ht homologous pss — commend wh exh ete, bu ae NOT Mena Si aa he [Gennes AaBOCe ee eh This ie hw the pees cou ‘elo on ome te Choma “heed double ‘Somovome sea ook a he pone te Mitosis & Mi You shou sled be air wth ie feoc ewten thee poets of el dison in teme oft oun shromormer dag ch proces ee a ce ie (2 homologous oa tosis dagen bt he homologs pts no esi Chromosomes & Mendes Genes I 1902, wo scott indpendenty noted compe how Mendes go were shod ie Sutan (8A) ond Thode Bans (Germany) hat ‘oth ben seching mes ang sew wg tenet ‘hich mde romovorer owe vile Boh wre ase ie 2 es prev urna eas cence ‘egin in homoogous | Two genes fr each The 2 genes separate Ir'games formation Gameies pave only ofeach chromosome pur api! Gametes have only Peach gene a ‘A feriization, each | At feraizaton, each Somes [Opto | charters “The obvious snare made hea that he genes st elated on th chrocnaenes inthe ell moles Chromosomes Contain DNA (Chena aaa eve tat camotomes ae ale of IDNA for shor) wpe ots. \Wenow now ht DNA a due bela shaped lee wick ers cenit age Bich chomosome costae 10104 of DNA makes (ppd im pos) ach one ypecing, oe of the npn oy erin a Northmend High Schoo! $L#602217 ‘The Sructare of DNA Ike many belgie! molly, DNA is planes, ade Uae nit of DNA a "Nucleon ‘a NucueoTi a 1 molecle Melis, ‘The 4 iterates ee aly awn ot by te it a Aden © Cpteine T Thymic DNA molec ar composed of 2nd of ould, ‘jie he bing tere “a” lcs “wo Stands of Nucleotide Chains o ‘onbinatons are one nue oa eck no ‘Non-Mendelian Taheritance Gregor Mendel dered the ts of Genes, bat it ys found ey inthe 20cm that genes alone ‘evenhanded Eh ‘oma Mona inning ith Dp periments They bed uy nage nr ee ay {0 tod and ep i sal bot, and towed itera genet tir ht call be ed In 191 nan experimen voing is with eet ee ‘clown, Mowpan ened tha the way thie cee ‘os beget depend on sea he aes deals were ining ecole deen Whar Determines Sex? 2 spel pat of chomosome the "sex chromnomet In normal hans toy ll he a 4 domosomes steinged 23 bomalogs Of thy 22 fs ne Sad “itovomer™ and me the ne mae ad Sapo ‘lesan Kes. “The 2nd aia the “ex chromosome" XxX Xn How thx chromosomes pated ono irene be shown weg the Funaet Sate Gig to tack at fees ot he oe romano Fees aves matching pif eemovoment a aw ‘Se comomomes ‘eal dered a 30" Maes be one chroma scone sae" hrmosome, Naess Secret being Sy Stet, x See Foeomcin X8Y Uwe) X8X. coe — Mu. x Da [oboe cermxony Tay [iy fete ee nl (CHROMOSOMES. see next page Northmesd Wigh School st#603217, Sex-Linkage Taheritance ‘What Thomas Moran aoe fo 1910 wa ht heer colors he weston n Dh fn ey wee Sot tng ahead egal ty mls ind eras te eas vrernksdia hese of te ee ngs “The common and onal eecalou in the Res i org docovered sey whee es Heer orto do + Mendel 0" tee enpesinen ‘PARENTS: Pin x 4 2 sonaion ORS OGD igs arth Alves Ffhes were Mora conned cosas) | lowe to mae Reds DOMINANT ‘Whe RECESSIVE rennin oy nga a aR ee par oe Morgun produced banded of Bo he expen 0 Be lend is wee wee say ieee The Bsplantion ‘The genes fore clout dom te X chnomotome. ‘The domme gen ean be eng ae" ‘Tae cere (Wht) gene 3" The mae "chm does NOT cay on of these ale sa ‘The pone emale (08 gesonpes& phenonpes te: XRF Ral ee female omer) SE Relea econ “The owe male) genoypes& phenotpe ae Shy Redeye cle X¥ White oe mle Nove tat males get 2 gen, bat males nt gt one ‘ece thar "Y" eromotome ake th alse oy 8 tle caot be beterorgou fe is tat ne ae WHEN DOING PUNNETT SQUARES WITH SEX. LINKAGE, YOU MUST TRACK THE *X" AND ‘Then, the Fy genenton se allowed to be! emong hanes Notes ht the Ea el bteonpent sede (0X nad the mcrae ede sa ox or Mey me) ater ne xx sie x [ee [00 resus, but Gresexesare YL Saas a “Thre enuf gens oo thi ae eked "Hele Cacia tt porn cir + Bumhiia condionn whch te lod dss pot lo prope pring the pont conn sak af intel beeing Ia aay fl onsen bata selene pois mee ed wh Both coins re sek ined scsi pes ‘onthe "K"cromowome The oct mch mee ona ‘Pas th ome Northmead High School $L#603217 iow "Cu Dsnnc ston a which the 2 aks for shun fot ‘ows Donn Recsae ptr bt she oth gee bepress ty eh np sd ny ‘adn a ebro” phsonpe Now Mendelian Tnbeance” is ‘Thin fy common Exam I Soro cl se i gee (R) tha ass hea of the animal ott be a atl xy wow cola To bed he aia mute yg aR ‘Toeoseral ee (Wc te conto he wit he Tae homens ome a Be SNe cnokty ctor. ‘he DNA mise a 8) of pein ute a Tek och ee 3 sae ems. ns mt ‘hae a ic “taro ye iy of vo See tem Tae BNA ea ae 2) tape au of {Sante mening st er The “ng ot 1c we teed 2 “tn” bdg wit che The ‘erence ihn PO nse oh ee poco omnt ‘WHEN COMPLETED, WORKSHEETS BECOME SECTION SUMMARIES as Pablo in Sev Linage & Co Dominance ‘Wise gees a by 2 es? ‘msn pec erecta deci inet wit oe? Epi 99 Whe pope leh beng Wat epee? 2B an ty ae eons fen eer at Uae Past oe pact he eof exh Dove each be X 8 hemor ing snes hal te wee ts) iy somal ih OR 3M coal 2 tn famany, scene gens CX") il on the X ft be somal! by "Xe se yl we ‘homage oe, zona nate me Osetia are om ess) 1. ma wh oma onal 4 wan ho clu iO cpp a ne ‘se Rane Sgus ode psnmpes fee i om bl meio 1) tie me te Sn ne HY nt eee Ue Pane Sue ei clu hich em ‘psd onan eed ee 2st nadie oe, 5. Sune plate ocr cn ows: Tee ut on 2 ke hed, ut te 3 Fe ower Down hi los ik oes 2 Sigh 2 prc mah illo 3) Sper ote yl re 9 Uiethon ml ite eee es Powe Spa tw .4.Usea Pn ae pei te planes aig on ‘toning + weg ih wie ac et ‘Seng hgh oa Fn Mende came aT Norhmead High School SL#603217 4, MOLECULAR GENETICS & MUTATION. How DNA Structure Was Discovered By the mile of the 20h cecy wa supe tht DNA wa probably the “genic chal” sn it at ‘now ha contained spa, eps he bases NCO and E What o.oe condones wf DNA ‘eth nes bow nal ‘Replat pice) for cl dso? * Conte the phenonpe of an ogee? ese hl tht he ey ipl wo ad oat the sarnte of the DNA moka The wry af at Iappeneis ase of hw Sed se sae progres ing clabrton mad commana, 4 195, Engi ant Bans Cah ad some 29 et eg the pe oe say he Meant taotber bbontrs, Mai Wain (New Zea) angel pare xp etal of DNA, ad [Resa Enna (Baglin) war seo ges an Xap Ditlcion sage of ut mer wasn! ow se any seme of te pan odo ‘Then young Amen, ames Wat, ho wt need in underndng the UNA rye vated the Wine Fri tortor With thr calabro be ok the data to Cack fr he apr itso Bene te, [Whoo pd Ck ud oe of temo note ct ny eelsrughe inthe ior of Bin thy gd ot the bie ping, double tele severe of DNA ad tenet sneha cl end oe ‘eplion. an net enue af ogee ‘Noone of tee ii old have made props alone Each devin dy so cnperi, ey Unig al topes wa the peat noe Fl DNA Replication Sohow de the tur of te DNA moll a ‘They the way he complete aes bod ether | sugar-phosphat “side ra cr co A MT AG ct CCT The ony combinations tat wil hod are “his meas tha if you hase ONE STRAND af « DNA. roe isa “marrage tempi Sor fe ter It soo sft a DNA olele io 2 cpt sy ech ‘rnd ean be wed Dulane; taney san Thats emt what happens to all he DNA in each heomonome foe noc REPLICATION nina, double |_— raed ON a o a 5 a ‘ver snd TWO IDEAL ONA How Can DNA Control a Phenoype? “To answer thie queton you ned tobe tan about ‘he scr ad he of poten. Protein Stecise Ie ben covered bia pesos tp Hen ick PROTEINS ae polymers f Amino Acs alah se en precie + “The ear spe of the Seal prot depend em te sequence ofthe ani sc a he pshpepe chan ‘The ae abou 2 diferent tion ads ome of ‘hem areata (repel er enh ots hw techn ea em a Sedo Protein heey Ecos wii a0 oni + Higmes al prot meses + Sua Molecule. uch i mc She in hai sd Doe nse poten, + any "Spi Molecules re proteins ch haemoglobin he ospen ase on) chloroplast or ote) Snubs stich hip ht dae) nd acy mre Ta very its the shape ofthe pot lene wih is etl to erect neon syns ely foonet to their ntte if thei shape ng Etonic th op lm he ape Corset functor sequence of snine ati depends on the exact ‘the polypeptide chain {TIS THE DNA WHICH CONTROLS THE [AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. Northmend High Schoo! $L#602217 DNA and Protein Synthesis “The squece of ass the DNA moked i ode Eich 3 bane ase “codeword” "Cada sch ‘peer naming ago nt te poeple Aaa DNA Strand hh ‘Amino Acs forming 3 Penge \ 1a polpeptse comtining 10 ain ai is med ‘hen SDR ree mp of 90 cote ue, Wie tegen othr porepite (Ont one wand of the doable ei of DN i the gee. “The ther “rrnage” sa peony ow Se geo beep fore is How the DNA bis eee got make» ncn ri wth ten pes Poop pled Br Epc mdd on songs ‘The Changing Definitions of a “Gene” ‘When saa Conese a te rani ee seve = He heroin ich eens one ‘icons Shenae, ers hemlet efit eee In he 1940, wo Ameen esti, Canis al nd ‘Ewa Tain dsrseed tbe conaean of Bees fo ‘poten Sing nue defi na common ga, ‘Sey fund sat the wee 3 fat pace it ad proce he se df “Nora Chea Pathway in FuRgi Cals pimp q omg p Mah s Pa and are cal ceils. any section's Blocked san 'S"eannot be made nd the anism has a chemi defect Bose and Ta aod dh ach eae 12 & 9 ma have a sepunte gene The phenotype "dc cul be raced ys eet the ue rene gore poe fe aye 3 ore en fr ey 3 Sree yee” = num of heed hati one oa Botan hat we now tous DNA, ht ome prion se owe han oe pape cen Northmesd High School sL#603217, The st sep ealed TRANSCRIPTION "The second wep led TRANSLATION ‘One strand of the DNA (the gene) / ‘gamit acts as a ee for the sone howe cee eee Semon nee mesmo tN" | PER sc scene sen fs This code is Transérbed into asimar sequence of bases in m-RNA ‘According to ths code a -RNA molecule bring & parca amine ‘ine position slong the m-RUA bosom enzymes connect exch amino ac tothe end of the chain ‘The codes thus Translated ito a pahpeptide chain [From Polypepride to Phenotype seaybe becomes « “ “ Suc protein, molecule of egg A” seen Remi ce muscle or skin pea o Tanatoral oleate te could Be a Hormone ‘could bean ‘hich convels some ot 2 = me 2 aspect of Homeostasis: _ &p (staan), - (Zome) os) ae feat Pax ‘Mutation Ina ogi cal dea bene. The mito ake ew eal Yor grows, and meio oe games {rsezaleprdcton Whenever cls uout ode ‘he domowmne te sepated tal the DNA they conta mats a it yf Hole. But ometines mks happen. {Bron em occa doping the DNA * Ginomowmes ge bake, te icotety epied a sometimes ene crooner gets ae Any cident hangs othe ent mates Muon ste ot coins dha happen However ww ta {ruin Gon ean serene the Hod of mations “These tor ae led mutagen, sa ue Hider Tempesti: Matton ste ae higher in ter + Cain Chea or expe psi chemical ‘6 the nino "sent ange + Raton sclading rays ace ain and ‘elton fom te Sn, Bridence for Mutagenic Natere of Reiaion * Conte apenmests hve demooraed a ete ‘ger ci be sauce a nig ths (op ct scl Fang et hese) by expos them ede of Say, ceca tons 1 Mata cons fom japan ftowing he Atom Bor ‘nck on Tcbima (194) dete + ge cre fe fete tao ang the poplin te ye owing + Coutts oadoot ese, ve high mes of sn cancer These aes oe edited 10 be dot a leet ie pat) 0 the mugen opens of Vig Northmead High Scho! st#605217 ‘Changing the DNA Gan Produce anew Gene ow wile a the bot ofthis page ht tons have many pomble fee, raging fom soll foto, o new sberabe cane How ld sew ci app? apne an ase dagen DNA sta Original DNA Stand ase eee ‘Aino Acids forming 2 Fabeatide ‘Akored DNA Strand aa ese TRE T CC RETORE Jos ean ail bang oy ser the way the oboe fod ino sa shape Thi el her te Shape of a ene moka 0a sed of ping (oy) Bc Ep heap proces sect pipet Effects of Mutation Fe depends on what sot oP Taiaton uri melons iafecre a mete ‘lation during Wore ‘Altec body Cal [egtima. | [ehuse matturction ataton might) factox) vies | |e MMeSTon | |i rin as Jam | propery. | |Pecomes cancraus. | = detrimental: less chance to survive, Tere | [Ei | oan seresy | | Sanimmorenen sn ievon) [Rees | [Scat ae "hr tte act so rechten To ea phennpe sy he pie cn a hn {Se The mason mph rnin he to oad = ips pone Anse. tog or chemo * Saco be ny ae ‘Sobre ce, ‘ih iene te iho» nonin a onan at). gel ag) omy fn nn eb dens m eb) Shi Th ar ea er we pron pone) hee ‘Sena pa Tor compl hi ell nd i eet ve. Inibeioredof tee salon Moe gin rhe hy ene ty pin vie By we pon coe om ied, Tear ay onc triton ace wh ow sey acum a nee 108 wees &. : we pat ‘eran Thi ee apc feog eof eaten To de ti te “pow sod” of he DNA Daw wa . Tb te INA os ee Gon XA he a “aatuee” of te make” anne ion ‘WHEN COMPLETE, *. WORKSHEETS BECOME SECTION SUMMARIES Northmead High school SL#603217 5, REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES & GENETIC DIVERSITY Reproductive Techologies FHiamins hive deeipal x member of ecnius for onto erhanang the sepetton of ep flat Shoes sn anderen demedes Acs Potinaton ‘This ie the olde ad simple pode techie Grgor Mendel wed he cinta the eect of he pen pln ap ad poral en dv scien Vay sip tives eng pao fo one ese} pnt nd dasa it om the Hamer her lee) pret Thr ges comple cont ect which plas come the paras of he nxt generate, In ee gic als al of ou cere ft ad ‘sequnbls ae now there of stil polaton New “ype at rented by cl pllaton wing eect vues or een diferent specie Such “reed ae Cael“ Forename he ec” Ie ocd cos pth wh pl (nce commercial import vain ae ccd, ge sumbes of seeds are podace nin yard Polintion of sce part plats This rel in ‘sts of no sent pat hg po sop Commercy i has any aratges, each a get onsen i roth te sad fy Late ‘Seve pombe dndantgee Asc Inseminton (AL) “This baseay the animal gen, Semen can be alee oe hpi bl, ded up inn ay ‘Semple apd fon Dsl aye tae lit Ca be tewed on pd sere st fee cow a igh cance of sucetl erato, ‘has tpg ul cam become th ier of many hounds of eves they inparing te quay of ete This works 06 for mesh dig, seep and 0 on ‘Thee me hae abtntage sch tee hes of gh “qty beet et, br there may be drug ese wie deed ne mane we A fc own eect on maa ‘sel butboand bine wih oh chien, sec be iemited mh se foe an sons donee, ‘Thor se "pem bu” of fone xen fr we Novela sens aggre ng ito anne th nance thi wo be cal enor “Gone” is group of one white al geal dense The simplest form of cloning eal ‘paca, wich hw ben doe cl i pts feetbomnnd of yore Exe ine a ts gown fom ating oy galing. 1 ne being ected. ume nd gud be hang hi or hand of yee Mow recent he proces of “Tio Cale lowed [Bho Goring on a masite sek Tha vl ling "hous of wal pices of tne och perhaps ooo ‘25 foo "pet pa acl tem nat Iga ina este he arto Eset hy grow lage enough o be pated ot to walt gow fo be “Wu” Thr alows lee ey hoa be rom fom at one pra pln Cloning of ane much ne fl and the Ge ‘mons “Dal the sheep OW TO CLONE A MAMA, t ee Pet can [Te baby ami genetaly aerial 0] ‘he single aren at top ah Iisan"identel sui excepe younger [Reproductive Technologies '& Genetic Diversity Asia Plinaton, and ing al have the po "dn he Ganate Diet ofthe pees ie Allee procoses eed on + age cl et any ‘tang bing prods om ft fo re on, arnt Ths mesos that a hee fg at cy tod cach her an ve es go die, Aled; may of our od cop, ih whet a, tne "monocltrs"of moa of tol pant he te “Sings” fom rely fw paren Ie kama hacaion the ene populton uy be + clone of {ese ental plans grown fo cings aad locke” (onal ney) fm gl ptcar ‘Among fr animals sch a be ae, te wide nf At prove hed has lo seed th eee ‘nei of hon bee “Thos are many bees this bathe my be eos ontesiences #00. Remember tat gente der (Ceaton) is ett or the lagen pa and ‘rolon of types If + gc bie vaston then ‘ny chang ate enruoanent 6g tne Se, hg) might sey ae AL he pop ma ‘Transgenic Species Atwell as epodte ecologies hana aesing ‘he "ene polo seis inmates ay ‘Genetic Engineering loys ono yore gener fom. One sper > another te fom "Tranigene Spec Some amp [Gene Tenants Purpose / Benet [sas gee for Baca pvc mes naa Hormone |r dr sent ches Ee ee emia gee ortond | Sherp cn beat ad Hog iting few sre |store oat oo step which proce pases erg Facey i ood fico ia hae [Seman ve ic en from wih awe tem fo ese sing eer [Atows sabes we lec in cbr soot prey pone [carpe ave cine | Cape doe aca wb gem he sped wih icine © Pete pln hich | coal ne pee ens te cop to any inet ch the crop produces atin |i orcas chon Northmead High choo! $L#603217 Tow Genes a Tenaered “The ext mein of tale depends on he pce ‘ite gone eter om eso speci” seca bets.‘ efi red by clecing DNA fom eas of ut speci and chopping ane faygent ning "rection cy” rm te These name hvethe aba oat DNA int esos Tren {ak of tant eet hen ete» fagment a ‘he choppelp DNA conta he doe gee “The desea agent cn tha He corpo ot the DNA of the “get pe” by ever pole met *Insomecaie he DNA fet cn be ncn me oF theme pec The DNA bcs np ‘hmmowome ania oe fm tt pit + Some ie ie atu tat ices of DNA fen fone cl © aot These can be “eli 8 west ‘ny DNA to the tage cela The DNA fae inserted into 4 barmlon vue Then when dhe iw lowed to fect “tage cell, the DNA” fagment Tome coronene Ta the ase of ranting hun en no baci the fame “recton ease aud to cop. both te ‘naman DNA, snd he acest "Buss bel romarome Se bth were ct bythe ne eyes oe gent math, and can sul oa topeler whee ime ne pence of sable ens Th echoe fn bee ne for sou 40 yeas aoa ence pe mn a or utc Edhical Tesues Concerning Teansgenic Species While Repeoducive Techaclope tay seme some seni cae bowon of pene ders she man ‘once bout Tig pei to eta ‘You ned be sur of te oe and ppt form your om, info option. ee ge cot ‘ag up the ent (ome ein abe asst ‘betas epg nie + mnseing goes, epecaly haa ge ito other ‘pacer sonnet sad ng grad ad ory + foods fom rngeic spi, may hare wince ‘onseqencs for aman bl, shat nessa cane None ias he igh to esone alo wen te “decent a he compans who develop tang ‘pees ow pats 0 hey sed ae lng huge poe 1 fring teers te he produc oc ‘This Seen arene puting pot ee pple Northmead High choo! st#603217 Practice Questions

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