APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT

1.Emperical Approach

2.Operational Approach
 EMPIRICAL APPROACH
 Managerial Experience Approach or Case Approach.

 Based on a close study of past experiences of managers and

management cases.

 A study of managers in practice.

 Intension of studying experiences

 To draw generalisation
 To develop means of teaching experiences to other practitioners

and students.
 Features of empirical approach include :

 Management is basically a study of managerial experiences

and can be taught by case method.

 Managerial experience can be passed from one practitioner to

another or to students.

 The techniques used by successful managers in the past can be

used by future managers.

 Management theory could be developed by studying large

number of experiences becauses some sort of generalisations
can be possible.
 Emphasises the most conventional way of acquiring skills in
management.

 Learning through the experience of others.

 This approach offered considerable help in developing management

principles.

 Still used in classroom situations for developing diagnostic and

analytical skills among management students.
 Deficiency

 Development of management literature through scientific

researches.
 OPERATIONAL APPROACH
 Management as a
 universally applicable body of knowledge
 all levels of managing
 all types of enterpries

 It recognizes that
 the actual problems managers face and the environments in
which they operate may vary between enterprises and levels.

 the application of sciences by a perceptive practitioner must take

this into account in designing practical problem solutions.
THANK YOU
PUNNYA K.S
S1 MBA
A-BATCH