Expressions for Constant Elements

The expressions for calculating the coefficients of the G and H matrices for the case of constant
elements are given below. These expressions are available in Wrobel [1]. It is assumed that the
coordinates of the source point i are (x1 , x2 ) while the coordinates of the endpoints of the element
j are (y10 , y20 ) and (y100 , y200 ). The length of the element j is denoted by lj .

• When the source point i and the element j are not colinear,
" √ #
−lj d −1 −1


Gij = g log e + h log f + tan θi − tan θj − 4
8π c

1
tan−1 θi − tan−1 θj


Ĥij = −
2π

1 0
(y1 + y100 − 2x1 )2 + (y20 + y200 − 2x2 )2

a=
4

1 0
b= [(y + y100 − 2x1 )(y10 − y100 ) + (y20 + y200 − 2x2 )(y20 − y200 )]
4 1

1
1
c= (y10 − y100 )2 + (y20 − y200 )2 = lj2
4 4

d = −b2 + 4ac, e = a + b + c, f = a − b + c

b b b + 2c b − 2c
g =1+ , h = 1 − , θi = √ , θj = √
2c 2c d d
• When the source point i and the element j are colinear,
lj
Gij = [2c(2 + log 4c) − k log |k| + m log |m|]
8πc

Ĥij = 0, k = b + 2c, m = b − 2c

• When the source point lies in the element,

 
li 2
Gii = 1 + log , Ĥii = 0
2π lj

Note that
Hij = Ĥij + ci δij

References
[1] Wrobel, L. C., 2001, The Boundary Element Method, Vol 1, Applications in Thermo-Fluids
and Acoustics, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.