Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REPORT ON
DYEING AND FINISHING
MILL VISIT
Acknowledgement
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Greige fabrics
BTL buys greige fabric from different countries, mostly from south Asian
countries like Pakistan and India. The quality of the fabric is varying according to the
supplying country.
In a textile mill there are so many important processes before a textile product
coming out from the mill. In addition to dyeing, there’re some processes involved with
this dyeing process. Those are;
1. Pre-treating.
2. Dyeing.
3. Finishing.
Pre-treatments
“Pre-treatment” is the preparation of textile material for dyeing. The purpose of
this process is to improve the properties of fabric, with minimum damage to the fibres of the
fabric. And the cleaning off dirty partials on fabrics is the next purpose of this process.
In the BTL, used methods for remove containing impurities of fabric are ;-
a. Scouring.
Woven fabrics contain about 8 to 10% of natural impurities and they carry
additional 5 to 7% of the seizers. Scouring is the process done for removes those
material impurities of fabrics. The natural Impurities require treatment with strong
alkalis like caustic soda at high temperature for their breakdown and dispersion in
water.
b. Bleaching
c. Desizing
Desizing is called as removing Starch from the fabric which are added to keep
the straightness of yarns in weaving. Desizing is reverse of sizing. Its main objective
is to degrade size into soluble product so that after washing sizes remove from fabric.
Among the many of desizing methods, BTL is using the enzymes desizing method.
Note:
After desizing the fabric batcher is kept for 6-8 hours in rotation to keep the desizer
within the fabric. It is so because bacteria produced by enzymes take some time to
eat starch.
The PH is maintained from 7-8 and the RPM usually keeps 100.
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a. Singing
When the fabrics come from the loom it has small fibres which are extruded
from the fabric, called fuzz. It must be removed by singing process. In a textile mill
there would be many methods of singing. In the BTL Makandura, the method for
singing is gas singing, by the help of gas burners.
Importance of singing ;-
Singing helps to minimize or reduce the pilling effect. Pilling gives
harsh or bed look to fabric. It must remove from fabric to get good quality
b. Mercerizing
Mercerizing is done for gain up the quality of the fabric before it sent to the
dyeing process.
In BTL and also in other textile dyeing plants, there’re number of dyeing methods are
used for dyeing fabrics. Those are;
Reactive dyeing.
Vat Sulphur dyes.
Pigments dyeing.
Acid dyeing.
The continuous dyeing range is suitable for small or large batch of continuous
dyeing. It is highly efficient and operates in a low fabric tension. The machine is
suitable for different kind of fibres in woven fabrics, such as cotton, and pure
polyester fabrics.
Dye padder.
Infra-red drier - The fabric dried out their moisture, when they passed
through this zone.
Hot flue Drier - The fabric is subjected to heat treatment gradually to dry
or dye fixation depending on the machine configuration.
Chemical padding section: - For reactive dye in chemical padding
section.
dyeing as well as for adding FBA to fabrics. Jigger exerts considerable lengthwise
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tension on the fabric and is more suitable for the dyeing of woven than knitted fabrics.
In the Jet dyeing a closed tubular system exists where the fabric is placed. For
transporting the fabric through the tube a jet of dye liquor is supplied through a
venturi. The Jet creates turbulence. This helps in dye penetration along with
preventing the fabric from touching the walls of the tube.
The technique used in pad-batch dyeing starts with saturating first the
prepared fabric with pre-mixed dye liquor. Then it is passed through rollers.
The rollers effectively force the dyestuff into the fabric. In the process, excess
dye solution is also removed. After removal of excess dyestuff the fabric is
subsequently "batched". This batching is done by either storing it in rolls or in boxes.
It takes a minimum of 4-12 hours. The batches are generally enclosed by
plastic films. This prevents absorption of carbon dioxide and water evaporation.
Finally as the reaction is complete the fabrics are washed.
Lab Testing.
Brandix Textile Limited has a very well prepared and enlarged laboratory. BLT has
much type of modern textile testing instruments.
Light box
Spectrophoto meter
This machine is using for check the dye recipes and mixes
the dyes in sample stage.
Finishing
Finishing is an important process, which give the final property improvement for a
fabric. Chemical and physical treatments are done to achieve the final qualities and
it’s gave a totally difference to fabric after the finishing.
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