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--

1 i2= -1 / /
2 /
3 i
4 1=-i2 /
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 /
6 1 //
7

--
1
i2= -1 / /
. i2= -1

, :
,
, (0)

(1)

,
2
i , i = 1 ,

z
z = + i , , .
= + i
i x :
i 2 = 1, i 3 = i,... . : , .., ,
. ,
z, C z < , z > ' z (
).

:
i>0 i=0 i<0

i2 > 0 i2 = 0 i2 < 0
1 > 0 1 = 0 1 < 0

.

z.

+ i , R (
).
= Re ( z ) ( )

= Im ( z ) ( ).
Re ( z ) ,Im ( z ) R .
z+wi , z,w .
1:
: i ( 2 i ) + 2i ( 1 i ) 3i ( i 2 2 ) .

1-1.
+ i ( 2 i ) 4i
3

: ( ) = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3 . :
3

( 2 i )3 4i = ( 2 3 3 2 2 i + 3 2 i 2 i 3 ) 4i = 8 12i + 6 ( 1) ( i ) 4i = ( 8 12i 6 + i ) 4i =
= ( 2 11i ) 4i = 8i 44i 2 = 8i 44 ( 1) = 44 + 8i

--

1-2.

+i

(-4+6i)+(7-2i)

) 3i(6+i)

(3-2i)-(6+4i)

) (3+4i)+(-8-7i)+(5+3i)

) (4+3i)(4-3i)

(3+2i)(4+5i)

) i(3+i)(2-i) .

1-3.
:

z 2 = 3i+2

z1 =3-i

z 3 = -2 i

z 4 =2

1-4.

: ( 3i 2 7i + 5 )( 4i 2 2i + 7 ) + ( 1 i 2 )( 2 + 3i 5i 2 ) .
1-5.
: ( + i )( + i ) ( i )( i ) .
.
+ i = i ,
1) .
2) .
3) i
2:
: 3 ( 1 2i ) + i ( 3 i ) i ( i + 1) = z .
:
. .. 3i 5 3i + 5 3i 5 .
:
z z = 5 z = 5
z z = w + 5 z = w + 5
i z = w 2 + 5iw + 7 z = w 2 5iw + 7
:
z+z
z + z = 2 = 2 Re ( z )
z + zR
Re ( z ) =
2
zz
z z = 2i = 2 Im ( z ) i
z z
Im ( z ) =
2i
z z = 2i = 2 Im ( z ) i
z z
2 2i 2 Re ( z ) 2 Im ( z ) i

(z) = z

z=z

zz = 2 + 2 zz R + z, z C ( + i )( i ) = 2 + 2 .

z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2

z1 + z 2 + ... + z = z1 + z 2 + ... + z

z1 z 2 = z1 z 2
z1 z 2 = z1 z 2

(z ) = (z)

z1 z 2 ...z = z1 z 2 ... z

z1 z1
=
z2 z2

--
:
2

( )
= ( z + z)

z2 + z = z + z
z3 + z

2zz = z z

3zz z + z

+ 2zz

z3 z = z z

+ 3zz z z

z 2 + 2 = z 2 ( i ) = ( z i )( z + i ) R
2

z 3 + 3 i = z 3 ( i ) = ( z i ) ( z 2 + zi 2 ) R ( i 3 = i )
3

z 3 3 i = z 3 + ( i ) = ( z + i ) ( z 2 zi 2 ) R
3

!!!!!
(z + z)2 0, (z z)2 0 z + z = 2 z z = 2i I ,

.



1-6.
z , :
) z=-5+7i
) z=11
1-7.

)
)

z=-4-9i
z=-i

z=+i , z=

) z=4i
) z=0 .

1
.
+i

1-8.
:
13 i 1 + 7i
.i ( 2i ) ( i ) ( i )
.
+
.
1 2i 3i 1
.
( ).

, ,
.
3:
3 5i 7 3i
+ i : w =
+
.
1+ i
1 i

1-9.
+ i :
2
3
3
. ( 2 i ) 4i,
.

.
1+ i 2 + i

). : ( ) = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3 .
3

3
( 2-i ) 4i= ( 2 3 3 2 2 i + 3 2 i 2 i 3 ) = 8-12i+6 ( -1) - ( i ) 4i= ( 8-12i-6+i ) 4i= ( 2-11i ) 4i=8i-44i 2 =8i-44 ( -1) =44+8i

--
). :
1-10.
i
z = x +
, x R , 2 Im(z) 1 x R .
i+x

2
x ( i + x ) + i x 2 + ( x + 1) i x + ( x + 1) i ( x i )
i
1
x
: z = x +
=
=
=
= x +
+i
.
2
2
i+x
x+i
1+ x
1 + x 1 + x2
(i + x)

2x
2
: 2 Im(z) 1
1 x 2 + 1 2x x 2 2x + 1 0 ( x 1) 0 x R .
1 + x2
1-11.

1 1 1
z1 z 2 , z : = + .
z z1 z 2
z z1 = 1 + i, z 2 = 2 + i .

1 1 1
1
1
1-i
2-i
1-i
2-i 1-i 2-i 1 2 1 1 9 7
= + =
+
=
+
= 2 2+ 2 2=
+
= + - + i= - i .
z z1 z 2 1+i 2+i ( 1+i )( 1-i ) ( 2+i )( 2-i ) 1 -i 2 -i
2
5 2 5 2 5 10 10

( z

1 1

9
7
1
9 7
1
10
10
= z , : z = =
+
i = ... = + i .
2
2
2
2
13 13
z
9 7 9 7
+ +
10 10 10 10


1-12.
+ i : z =

2 3i 3 5i

2 + i 3 2i

1-13.

)

1
1-i

i6

i 2 +2i+1

(1+i 3)2

+i :

3+i
2-i

6-i 2
.
1+i 2

1-14.
+i

z=

1+ 2 i

1
1-i
, w=
, u=i+
i
2-1
1+i

1-15.
z=3+4i w=2-3i , +i

z+w , z w ,

26 2 25w
,z ,
.
z
w

--
2
/
.

Re ( z ) = 0

z=0

Im ( z ) = 0

Re ( z ) 0

z0
'
.
Im ( z ) 0

Re ( z ) = Re ( )

z=

Im ( z ) = Im ( )

: + i .
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
1:
x y :
x ( 1 + xi ) + y ( 1 + yi ) = 2 ( 3y 1) i 2 ( 1 + xi )
.
2:
,

( 1) z

4z + 2 2 + 2 = 0

z = 3 + i .
:
1) z, w .
Re ( z ) = Re ( w )
2)

Im ( z ) = Im ( w )

3) .
3:
:

z = 2 + 6 2 + 6 i,

w = 8 + 2 2 2 + 2 i .


2-1.

z = 4 + 3 + 2i w = 7 ( 2 ) i .

z = + i w = + i , , , R
, :

--
Re ( z ) = Re ( w )
=
.
z=w

=
Im ( z ) = Im ( w )
.
= 3
4 + 3 = 7
4 + 3 = 7
4 + 3 = 7

z=w

2
2

=
2
4

+
2

=
4
(
)

= 2
2-2.

, z = ( 8 2 + 2 i ) + 4 + ( 2 3i )
.

z = + i , R
, + i = 0 ( = 0 = 0 ) .
z + i , R . : z = 8 2 + 4 + 2 + ( 2 3 ) i . :

8 2 + 4 + 2 = 0
=
z=0
2 .

2 3 = 0
= 5
2-3.
z1 = 2i z 2 = 3 + 2i . w
Re ( w ) z1 + Im ( w ) z 2 = w .

w = x + yi , Re ( w ) z1 + Im ( w ) z 2 = w :

x ( 2 i ) + y ( 3 + 2i ) = x + yi ( 2x + 3y ) + ( x + 2y ) i = x + yi

2x + 3y = x
x + 3y = 0


x + 2y = y
x + y = 0

x = y = 0 w = 0 .

2-4.
z1 = ( 2x + y ) + ( 1 + i ) ( x y ) z 2 = x + ( 2 + 3i ) y + 30 , x, y
2

z1 z 2 .

( )

z1 = z 2 ( z = z ) :

( 2x-y ) + (1+i ) ( x-y )=x+ ( 2+3i )2 y + 30 2x-y + (1 i ) ( x y ) = x+ ( 4 + 12i 9 ) + 30 3x 2y ( x y ) i = x 5y + 38 + 12yi


3x 2y = x 5y + 30
x + 3y = 30
x = 39

x + 13y = 0
y = 3
( x y ) = 12y
( x, y ) = ( 39, 3 ) .

2-5.
x, y R , z1 = 3 + x 2 yi z 2 = x 2 + y + 4i .

2
x + y = 3 (1)
z1 = z 2 3 + x 2 yi = x 2 + y 4i 2
x y = 4 (2)
(1)

(2) ( y 3 ) y = 4 y 2 + 3y 4 = 0

y = 1 x 2 = 4
y = 4 x 2 = 1 x = 1


2-6.
x,y , :
2

(3-2i)2 -(x+iy)=x-yi )

1
1+i
=1+i

+
1-i x+iy

(3-2i)(2x-iy)=2(2x-iy)+2i-1 .

--
2-7.
x,y :
) (x+y)+(x-y)i=3-i

3x 2 +x-6 +(x 2 -3)i=2+i

) 9-27i=(3x+2y)-yi .

2-8.
z=(2x+y+5)+2i w=(4x-2y+4)+(3x-4y)i
z w , x y .
2-9.
x y
x-2+(y-3)i=(1+3i)(y+i) .
2-10.
x y : ( 3x+y ) iy- ( x+1) ( 3y+4i ) =0 .
2-11.
x R :

1 + xi
1 7i
=
.
1 xi 5 ( 1 i )

2-12.
z w.
z = 5 + 8 + ( + 6 ) i

w = 3 + 6 + ( 2 7 ) i

2-13.
z w.
z = 2 + 2 + ( 3 + 2 1) i

w = 2 + ( 3 ) i
.

z = z

zR
'

Im ( z ) = 0

z = z

z
'

Re ( z ) = 0

1
z = + i

z = z + i = i 2i = 0 Im ( z ) = 0 z R
z = z + i = + i 2 = 0 Re ( z ) = 0 z
: zz, zw + zw, z + z .
: z z, zw zw .
4:
z : w =

zi z+i
+
.
z+i zi

5:
5-9i
5+9i
z1 =
z 2 =
, z1 +z 2 , z1 -z 2
7+4i
7-4i
.

--

2-14.

z = x + yi u = ( z 1) z i , x = y + 1 .

:
z = x + yi : u = ( x + yi 1)( x yi i ) = x 2 + y 2 x + y ( x y 1) i .
u : x y 1 = 0 ' x = y + 1 .
:
u , u = u . :

( z 1) ( z i ) = ( z 1) ( z + i ) ( i = i, 1 = 1, z = z ). :
zz zi z + i = zz + zi z i zi z + i = zi z i . z = x + yi :

( x + yi ) i ( x yi ) + i = ( x yi ) i ( x + yi ) i xi yi 2 x + yi + i = xi yi 2 x yi i
-xi-y ( -1) -x+yi+i=xi y ( 1) x yi -2xi+2yi+2i=0 -2 ( x-y-1) i=0 x y 1 = 0 x = y + 1
2-15.
R , z =

i
:
2 + ( + 1) i

) ) .

z + i .

z=
z=

( i ) ( 2 ( + 1) i )
2 2 ( + 1 ) i 2 i ( + 1 )
i
=
=
,
2
2 + ( + 1) i ( 2 + ( + 1) i ) ( 2 ( + 1) i )
4 2 + ( + 1)
2 2 1
4 2 + ( + 1)

2 + 3
4 2 + ( + 1)

) z R Im ( z ) = 0
) z Re ( z ) = 0

i . , :

=0
2 + 3
.
= 0 2 + 3 = 0
2
2
= 3
4 + ( + 1)

=1
2 2 1
2
=
0

1
=
0
1
2
=
4 2 + ( + 1)
2

2-16.
R z = 6 + 2 2 i 3 ( + 6i ) : i) ,

ii)

z + i , R . : z = 6 3 + ( 2 2 18 ) i .
i) z R Im ( z ) = 0 2 2 18 = 0 2 = 9 ( = 3 ' = 3 ) .
ii) z Re ( z ) = 0 , 6 3 = 0 = 2 .
2-17.
z1 , z 2
z
z1 z 2 R 1 R, z 2 0 , .
z2

z1 = + i z 2 = + i . , 0 z1 , z 2 0 z 2 0 .

z1 z 2 R ( ) + ( ) i R = 0 = (1).
z1
( + i )( i )
+ i
+
R
R
R 2
+
i R
z2
+ i
+ 2 2 + 2
( + i )( i )
(1)
0

= 0 ( ) = 0 = . z1 = z 2 .
2
2
+

--
2-18.

+ i
, , , R * , , ,
i
.
1
= 4 = , z.
2

+ i ( + i )( + i ) 2 + i + i 2 +
z =
=
=
= 2
+
i
i ( i )( + i )
2 + 2
+ 2 2 + 2
z =

z Re ( z ) = 0
= 4 =

2
= 0 2 = , .
2 + 2

1
= = 2 = = 1 . z = 2i .
2

2-19.

, v=
w =
.



u v , w .

u = u .
=
( ) + = 0 + = 0 + = +

, : u =

(1).
v = v . + = +

(2).

(1) (2) : + = +

=
w .

2-20.
z = ( 3 + 5i )

2000

+ ( 3 5i )

2000

z = z . :

z = ( 3+5i )
= ( 3 + 5i )

2000

2000

+ ( 3-5i )

2000

+ ( 3 5i )

=( 3+5i )

2000

2000

+( 3-5i )

2000

= ( 3 + 5i )

2000

+ ( 3 5i )

2000

= ( 3 5i )

2000

+ ( 3 + 5i )

2000

=z

z = z z R .
2-21.

R , z =

: z =

+ 4i
, .
1 + i

+ 4i ( + 4i )( 1 i ) 2 i + 4i + 4
5
4 2
=
=

z
=
+
i , z
1 + i ( 1 + i )( 1 i )
1 + 2
2 + 1 1 + 2

, , 4 2 = 0 , = 2 ' = 2 .

2-22.
C 1 , z =

t + t
, t
1+

t = + i , , R 0 : z =

( + i ) + ( i )

1
1
zR
.
= i, R .
1+
1+

10

1+

= +

1
i .
1+

--
:

1
1 i ( 1 i )
1 2 2 i
= i 1 = i + i i + = 1 i ( i + 1) = 1 i =
=
=
.
2
1+
1 + i
1+
1 + 2
1 2
2
=

i, R (1). (1).
2
1 + 1 + 2
2


2-23.
x R z=(x+i)(2+i)2 :
) )
2-24.
, z=(+3i)(2-i) :
)

) .

2-25.
, , ,

+i

+i

.
2-26.
z ( ) .
1
w=z 2 +z+2004 Re(z)= - .
2
2-27.
z + iz
z : w =
.
z + iz

11

--
3
i
.
1 , = 0
i , = 1

4
4

= i i = (i ) i = 1 i = i =
- 1 , = 2
i , = 3

i = i 4 +

= 4 + = 0,1, 2, 3 .
1:
:

i188 ,i 270 ,i 307 .

:
i {1, i} .
4 :
i R .
i .

3-1.
:

i) ( 1 i )

15

ii) 1 i 3

( x 2i )
, xR
6
( 2 + xi )
5

iii) ( 1 2i ) ( 1 + 2i )
4

iv)

i) ( 1 i ) = ( 1 i )
15

ii) 1 i 3

2 7

(1 i ) = ( 2i )7 ( 1 i ) = ( 2 )7 i7 ( 1 i ) = 128 i 3 ( 1 i ) = 128i ( 1 i ) = 128 + 128i .

((

= 1 i 3

1 i 3

))

3 2

. 1 i 3

= 13 3 12 i 3 + 3 1 i 3

) (i 3 )
2

= ( 8 ) = 64 .
2

iii) ( 1 2i ) ( 1 + 2i ) = ( 1 2i )( 1 + 2i ) = ( 12 + 2 2 ) = 625 .
4

iv)

( x 2i )5
( x 2i )5
( x 2i )5
1
x + 2i
x
2
=
=
=
= 2
= 2
2
i.
6
6
6
6
x

2i
x
+
4
x
+
4
x
+4
( 2 + xi ) i ( x 2i ) i ( x 2i )


3-2.
:
2

12

12

22

32

42

52

A=i 6 +i16 +i 26 +i36 +i 46 , B=i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i


3-3.
:
)

i6 +i16 +i 26 +i 36 +i 46 +i 56

1 1 1
1
- 41 + 75 - 1023 .
11
i i
i i

3-4.
A=(1+i)20 -(1-i)20 .
3-5.
z=2i1999 -3i1821 +4i1453 -5i -490 .

12

62

= 8 .

--
.

= 4, 4 + 1, 4 + 2, 4 + 3 .
2:
:

i74 , i109 , i8

+2


3-6.

3 + i i 3i
=
+
, * .
1 3i 1 + 3i

3+i
3+i
3+i
1
i

= 2
=
=
= 2 =i
1 3i i 3i i ( 3 + i ) i i
i 3i
i 3i
i3
1
i
= 2
=
=
= 2 =i
1 + 3i i + 3i i ( i 3 ) i i
= i + i = 2i : = {2, 2, 2i, 2i} .
3-7.
: i 5 + 2 = 1 .

4 = 4 + , , = 0 '1' 2 ' 3 . :

i 5 + 2 = i 5( 4 + ) + 2 = i 20 + 5 + 2 = i 20 i 2 i 5 = ( i 4 ) i 2 i 5 = 15 ( 1) i 5 = 1 i 4 i = ( i 4 ) i =
5

1 = 0
i = 1

= 1 i = i =
1 = 2
i = 3
= 4 + 2, .
3-8.
f ( ) = i , . .

i) f ( 55 )

ii) f ( 25 )

iii) f ( 3 ) .

i) f ( 55 ) = i 55 = i 413 + 3 = ( i 4 ) i 3 = 113 ( i ) = i .
13

ii)f ( 25 ) = i 25 =

1
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
= = i .
i 25 i 46 + 1 ( 14 )6 i 16 i i

iii)f ( 3 ) = i 3 = ( i 3 ) = ( i ) = ( i )

4 +

( )

= ( i ) ( i ) = ( i )

( i ) = ( i ) .

4. = 0,1, 2, 3 . = 0,1, 2, 3
:
0
1
2
3
f ( 3 ) = ( i ) = 1, f ( 3 ) = ( i ) = i, f ( 3 ) = ( i ) = 1, f ( 3 ) = ( i ) = i .
3-9.
z C f ( z ) = z 3 , * .
i) = 4 f ( 1 + i ) + f ( 1 i ) .
ii) f ( 2 + 3i ) + f ( 3 2i ) = 0 .

i) = 4

13

--

f ( 1+i ) +f ( 1-i ) = ( 1+i ) + ( 1-i ) = ( 1+i )


12

12

) + ( (1-i ) )

2 6

2 6

= ( 2i ) + ( -2i ) =2 6 i 6 + ( -2 ) i 6 =26 i 6 +26 i 6 =64 ( -1) +64 ( -1) =-128


6

.
ii) :
3

f ( 2 + 3i ) + f ( 3 2i ) = 0 ( 2 + 3i ) + ( 3 2i )

1 + ( i )

= 0 ( 2 + 3i ) + ( i ( 2 + 3i ) )
3

= 0 ( 2 + 3i ) 1 + ( i )

= 0 1 + i = 0 i = 1 = 4 + 2,


3-10.

3-11.

i +i - ;

2
2004
. A=(1+i )+(1+i )+2000i

3-12.
: =i 3-2 -i -3+5 .
3-13.
=7+5,=+1 , , z=i

14

2 - 6

)=0

--
4
1=-i /
2

. 1=-i2
( + i), ( i ) :).

+ i = i + i = i ( i )
2


+ i i
. ..
,
,
i + i
1 = i 2 .
1:

i
: =

1 + i

i+

.
1 i


4-1.
: ( + i) + ( i) = 0 .
10

10

( + i) + ( i) = ( + i) + ( i 2 i) =
10
10
10
10
( + i) + ( i )10 ( + i) = ( + i) ( + i) = 0
10

10

10

10

4-2.
x, y R , ( x yi ) + ( y + xi ) = 0 .
10

10

z = x yi , y + xi = iz . :

( x yi )

10

+ ( y + xi ) = z10 + ( iz ) = z10 + i10 z10 = z10 + ( 1) z10 = 0 .


10

10

( x-yi )

10

10
2
2
+ ( y+xi ) = ( x-yi ) + ( y+xi ) = ( x 2 -y 2 -2xyi ) + ( y 2 -x 2 +2xyi ) = ( x 2 -y 2 -2xyi ) - ( x 2 -y 2 -2xyi ) =0

4-3.
: ( 3 + 5i )

2002

+ ( 5 3i )

2002

=0.

2002
: ( 5 3i )
:
2002

3 + 5i + 1 = 0 ... i 2002 + 1 = 0 i 4500 + 2 + 1 = 0 1 + 1 = 0 .


()

5 3i
:
+ i
+ i
, R z =
, z = i , z =
, z = i .
+ i
+ i

: : 3 + 5i = i + 5 = i ( 5 3i ) .
i

( 3 + 5i )

2002

+ ( 5 3i )

2002

= i 2002 ( 5 3i )

2002

+ ( 5 3i )

2002

= ( 5 3i )

2002

(i

2002

+ 1) = ( 5 3i )

2002

( 1 + 1) = 0


4-4.
(+i)10 +(-i)10 =0 , , .

4-5.

15

--
* ( i + ) + ( i ) = 0 ,

i 0 .
4-6.
: (): ( 1 + i )

2+i
():

1 2i

( i) ,
4

+ i 1 + 3i 2 i
.
+

i 3 i + i
.

R: 2 + 2 = 0 = = 0 .
z,w z 2 + w 2 = 0 z=0 w=0
1 + i , 1 i .
C :

+ = 0 i = 0 ( i )
2

i = 0
= i
= 0 ( i )( + i ) = 0
'
'
+ i = 0
= i

C
2 + 2 = ( + i )( i ) = ( + i )( i )

+ i = i 2 + i = i ( i )
i = i 2 i = i ( + i )
: i 2 = 1

i=

1
i

i =

1
i

(1 + i )( 1 i ) = 2

2
( 1 + i ) = 2i

2
( 1 i ) = 2i

2:
C : ( 2 i ) + ( 2 i ) .
2


4-7.
i) z = ( 1 + i )

100

ii) + i , R w = ( 1 i )

415

1 + i 1 i ,

(1 + i )2 = 12 + 2i + i 2 = 2i ( 1 i )2 = 12 2i + i 2 = 2i .
i) z = ( 1 + i )

100

2
= ( 1 + i )

415

= ( 1-i )

50

50
2
= ( 2i ) = ( 2i )

25

= ( 4 ) = 4 25
25

.
ii)

w= ( 1-i )

414

2
( 1-i ) = ( 1-i )

207

207
(1-i ) = ( -2i ) ( 1-i ) =-2 207 i 207 (1-i ) =-2 207 ( i 2 ) i (1-i ) =-2 207 ( -1)( 1+i ) =

=2 207 ( 1+i ) =2 207 +2 207 i


4-8.
C :
.3 + x 2 , x 2 + y 2
.x 2 + 4x + 5 2
.x 2 + y 2 4x + 2y + 5

16

103

--
E 1
- - -
1 ( )
-
1

z = + i , z = 0 , =0 =0

z = + i , *

z = + i , , * Re(z) =

z = + (y 1)i m(z) = 0, y=1

z1 ,z 2 Re(z1 + z 2 ) = 0 Re(z1 ) + Re(z 2 ) = 0

i 2 = 1 i 2011 = i

z 0 z 0 = 1

z1 = + i , z1 z1 + z 2 = 2 , z 2 = z1

1 1 1
= + i
z

2 ( )
1
z = 3 2i w = 2 + 3i : S =

z 2 + w 2 zw zw + zw

z z+w w wz

2
z=

1
1-i 3
, 2 .
2
z -z

z= ( 2 -2+1) + ( 2 -2+1) i . z=0 .

4
z1 =x+yi z 2 =

12+8i 52+13i
+
. x
2-3i
13i

y, z1 =z 2 .
5 ( !!!!!!)
) z :

z , z=z
z , z= -z .

z +z
1
1
z2 =
z1 z 2 -1 , u= 1 2
z1
z2
1+z1 z 2
z1 -z 2
, v=
.
1+z1 z 2

) z1 =

6 . z = x 2 x 9i w = 2 y 2 i , x, y
. x,y z=w
. x=-1, z 2 .
7. z = 6i (3 4i)x 3yi (3i 2)x + (4 2yi), x, y .
. z + i .
. : i) Re(z)=0 ii) z=0

8. z = (2 + i)x + (y 1)i 5, x, y .
. z + i .

17

--
. z x, Im(z)=0
. , y , Re(z)=Im(z).

9 :
1 1
z1 = 1 + i , z 2 = + i ,
2 3
1 1
1 1
1
1
z3 = + i , z4 = +
i , z5 =
+ i
4 9
8 27
16 54
100 z1 + z 2 + z 3 + z 4 + ...z100
10. + i :
. z1 = 2i 3 + i104 3i 47 + i 7 + 3i

. z 2 =

(1 i )
1+ i

(1 + i )

1 i

11 + i :
. (2 3i)(4 5i) + 7i 1
.

3 +i

. ( 1 i )

3 2i

1
2
. +
i
2 2

1 2i 1 + 2i
.

3 + i 1 + 3i

12 x, y :

z1 = x + 2y i

z 2 = 11 (4x y)i .

13 z z i
z3 i
=
.
z+i

1 i +1
.
1 i

14 . , f() =
.
.

A = i + i 2 + 1 i ,

15 (1 + i)20 = (1 i)20
16
x y, z1 =ln ( x 2 -3x-3 ) +xi, z 2 =y 2 i .
17
z w :

u = z + iw

18

( z iw ) .

--
5
/
.
z = + i .
xx: : .
yy: :
: .


( Re ( z ) ,Im ( z ) ) ( , ) : ( z ) .
z .
=
=
+ i, + i
.

+ i, + i
.

19

--
i. w=+i . M(w)
2-6
:2x-3y-6=0 , Im ( w ) =
3
ii. z=2+i . z z1 z 2 ,

1 ( z1 ) 2 ( z 2 ) 1 :y=x-2 2 :y=2x-1 .


5-1.
z = ( 1) + ( 1) i, , R . , :

i) z = 3i .
ii) z .
iii) z R Re(z) = 5 .

i) z = 3i ( 2 ) + ( 1) i = 0 + 3i 2 = 0 1 = 3 = 2 = 4 .
ii) z,
z = 0 ( 2 ) + ( 1) i = 0 2 = 0 1 = 0 = 2 = 1 .
iii) z R Re(z) = 5 Im ( z ) = 0 2 = 5 1 = 0 = 7 = 1 = 7 .

5-2.
z = 1 + 3i z1 , z 2
1 : y = x + 3 2 : y = 3x 1 .

z1 = + i, z 2 = + i z = z1 + z 2 . z1 , z 2

( , ) , ( , ) .
: 1 = + 3, 2 = 3 1 . : z1 = + ( + 3 ) i z 2 = + ( 3 1) i .
:
z=z1 +z 2 1+3i=+ ( +3 ) i++ ( 3-1) i 1+3i= ( + ) + ( +3+2 ) i 1=+ 3=+3+2 =1 =0 .
z1 = 1 + 4i, z 2 = i z = ( 1 + 4i ) + ( 0 i ) .

5-3.
: z1 = 3 2i, z 2 = 4 + i .
. : z1 + z 2 , z1 z 2 , z1 z 2 , z12 .
. z1 , z 2 , z1 + z 2 , z1 z 2 . ;

.
z1 + z 2
i . : z1 + z 2 = 3 2i + 4 + i = 7 i .

: z1 z2 = 3 2i ( 4 + i) = 3 2i 4 i = 1 3i .

z1 z 2
i 2 = 1 . :
z1 z 2 = ( 3 2i )( 4 + i ) = 12 + 3i 8i 2i 2 = 12 + 3i 8i 2 ( 1) = 12 + 3i 8i + 2 = 14 5i

z12 . :

z12 = ( 3 2i ) = 32 2 3 2i + ( 2i ) = 9 12i + 4i 2 = 9 12i + 4 ( 1) = 9 12i 4 = 5 12i .


2

20

--

y
M2(z2 )

1
O

M(z1 +z2 )
M1(z1 )

M1 ,M 2 ,M z1 , z 2 , z1 + z 2

OM = OM1 + OM 2 .
z1 z2 ON = OM1 OM 2 .

1
O

M2(z2 )
x

1
M1(z1 )

(z1 -z2 )

M,M1 ,M 2 z, z1 , z 2 z
z1 z2 z = z1 + z2 : OM = OM1 + OM 2 .
.

M,M1 ,M 2 z, z1 , z 2 z z1 z2
z = z1 z2 : OM = OM1 OM 2 .

5-4.

: 1+i , 1, i, -2i , 3+4i , 3-4i , 5, 0.
5-5.
z=x+yi
z,

-z -z ;(

xx )

21

--
5-6.
z1 =+i z1 =1++i ,
.

.
M ( x, y ) z = x + yi .
z M O ,

| z | = | OM | = x 2 + y 2
y

| z | = | z | = | z |

| z |2 = z z
| z1 z 2 | = | z1 | | z 2 |

M(x,y)

|z|

z1
z
= 1
z2
z2
| z 1 z 2 ... z | = | z 1 | | z 2 | ... | z |

| z | = | z |

.
:

( M 1 M 2 ) = | z1 z 2 |

.
) .
1) .
2) .
: :

z = 3 + 2 ( i 1) + 5i
2

: ,
z 1 z 2 = z1 z 2 .
2:
z=(3+2i)(-2+5i)
) .
1) . (
).
2)
3:

(
)

2 + i ( 3 2i ) 1 3i
: z =
.

2
1 2i 1 + 3i ( 2 + 3i )
2

) z.
1) z.
2) .
4:
z : ( 1 + 2i )( z 2 ) + 16 = ( 3 2i )( z 2 ) + 2i .

22

z
z1
= 1 .
z2
z2

--
) ... = ... ... = ... + ... .
1) .
2

2) z = zz .
3) .
5:
z : z + 8 = 2 z + 2 .
: z = w z = w . z = w z = w
6:
7
7
z : ( 2z 3i ) = ( 6z i ) .

5-7.
5

1 xi
ii.z = ( 3 4i )
.
xi

: i.z = ( 1 2i )( 1 i ) + 13 2i

i) z = ( 1 2i )( 1 i ) + 13 2i = 1 i 2i 2 + 13 2i = 12 5i . z = 12 2 + ( 5 ) = 13 .
2

5
5
5
2
1 xi
1 xi = 32 + 4 2 1 xi = 5 1 xi = 5 1 + x
ii) z = ( 3 4i )
( )

= 3 4i

1 + x2
xi
xi
xi
xi

5-8.
1
2z +
z
.
z C w =
1
z+
2z

=5.

2zz + 1
z
2z
z
z
w =
=
. w = 2 = 2 = 2 1 = 2 .
2zz + 1 z
z
z
2z
5-9.
z = + i, , R .
i) z + zi = 3 2 2 i + 10 , z .
ii) z + 5 + iz + z = 101 , 4 2 + 2 .

i) ( + i ) z = 3 2 + 2 + 10 , zz = 3 z + 10 z 3 z 10 = 0 . z = 5 .
2

ii) z + 5 + z + z = 101 3 z = 96 z = 32 . 4 2 + 2 = 32 = 4 2 .

5-10.
:

1+i ,

1-i ,

(1-i)2 (1+i)4 ,

3+4i ,

3-4i ,

(2-i) (1+2i)

-5i ,

-4 ,

1+i
,
1-i

3+i
.
4-3i

5-11.
:
2

2
2
1+i 1-i +i
(1+i)2 ,
,
, , ||+|| 0 .

,
1-i 1+i -i

23

--
5-12.
1999
3+i
( 3+4i )( -1+2i )
1+i
z1 =-2i ( 3+i )( 1+4i )( 1-i ) , z 2 =
, z3 =


( -1-i )( 3-i )
2
2

5-13.

1 3
i
10
, z 3 = ( 1-i ) .
z1 = ( 2+i )( 7i-3 ) , z 2 = 2 2
2
2
+
i
2
2
5-14.
z -z
z1 =1-i, z 2 =7+i z1 -z 2 , z1 z 2 , 1 2 .
z1 z 2
5-15.
z=

z,w,zw,

-1+i 3
w=2+2i . :
2

z
z4
,zw 2 , 3 .
w
w

5-16.
z1 =1+5i, z 2 =3-i .
z
. z1 z 2 , 1
z2
. z1 z 2 ,

z1
z2

5-17.
z, z 8i = 2 2z i .
5-18.
z=+i . :
2

. z z =z 2
2

. z z = -z 2 .

24

2000

--
6
1

//


1) z
+ i .
2) .
3) z .

z=+i

1:

: ( 17 i ) z 4 6i = 5 ( 1 + i ) z .


.
2:
( 2 + i ) z ( 3 i ) u = 5i
:
.
( 1 + 2i ) z + ( 1 + 3i ) u = 7 + 8i

z=+i , u=+i

,,,
3:
z 2u = 5i
:
.
z + 3u = 5 + 10i

6-1.
2iz1 z 2 6i

z1 + 2iz 2 = i

(1).

(1) z1 = i 2iz 2 ,
: 2 + 4z 2 z 2 = 1 6i ' z 2 = 1 2i z1 = 4 i .
: .
: z ( x, y ) R *
, , + i = + i
x y.

6-2.
: ( 2 i ) z + ( 1 + i ) = ( 1 i ) z + 12 5i .
2

6-3.
2i+3z(1-i)=5z-i
6-4

25

--
z1 ,z 2 : 2z1 +2(1+i)z 2 =5-4i z1 +3iz 2 =-7+i .

w = + i z
z2 = w .
1) z = + i .

2) ( + i ) = + i , ,
2

.
4:
5 12i .
:
z C.

6-5.
x y : ( x + yi ) = 3 + 4i .
2

2
2
2
x y = 3(1)
: ( x + yi ) = 3 + 4i x 2 y 2 + 2xyi = 3 + 4i
.
(2)
2xy = 4
(1) (2).
x 4 2x 2 y 2 + y 4 = 9
. :
: 2 2
4x y = 16

x 4 + 2x 2 y 2 + y 4 = 25 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 25 x 2 + y 2 = 5 . :
2

2
2
2
x = 2 ' x = 2
x y = 3
x = 4

.
2

2
2
y = 1 ' y = 1
x + y = 5
y = 1

(2) x y . : ( x = 2, y = 1) ' ( x = 2, y = 1) .


6-6.
z=x+yi x,y , z 2 =3-4i .
6-7.
: -81, -8, - 13 .
6-8.
z=1- 3i .
6-9.
z=[(x-1) 2 +(y-2)2 ]+(x-xy+y 2 )i x,y R , . z
-9.
6-10.
: . z 2 =-8+6i . z 2 =5-12i .

26

--
7

,, R , 0 .
1) = 2 4 .


, .
2

=
, .
2

2) i) > 0 z1,2 =
ii) = 0 z1,2

R
iii) < 0

C z1,2 =

i .
2

< 0 .
2

2
i
(1)( ) i 2 ( ) 2

=
=
=
, : z +
=
2
2
2

4
4
(2 )

z1,2 =

i
,
2

(1)

.
1:
C : z 2 4z + 5 = 0 .
2:
, 3x 2 x + =0 2 + i .

z1 + z 2 = , z1 z 2 =
. (

).

7-1.
: z 2 2z + 1 = 0
.

= 4 2 4 = 4 ( 1 2 ) = 4 2 0 , :

2 i 4 2 2 2i
=
= i .
2
2
= 0 . = 1
z1,2 =

: z 2 + 2z + 1 = 0 z = 1 . z = 1 .
7-2.

z 4 + ( iz 2i ) = 0 , z C .
2

2
2
: z 4 + ( iz 2i ) = 0 z 4 ( z 2 ) = 0 ( z 2 z + 2 )( z 2 + z 2 ) = 0 z 2 z + 2 = 0 ' z 2 + z 2 = 0 .

27

--
z 2 z + 2 = 0 z1,2 =

1 7
, z 2 + z 2 = 0
2

z 3 = 1 z 4 = 2 .

7-3.
f ( z ) = z 2 2z + 3, z C .
i) f ( z ) = 0 .
ii) 1 + i 3 f ( z ) = z + , , R , , .

i) f ( z ) = 0 z 2 2z + 3 = 0

(1).

1 :

(1) = 8 < 0 z1,2 =

2i 8
= 1 i 2
2

z1 = 1 + i 2 z 2 = 1 i 2 .
2 :
(1)

z 2 2z + 1 + 2 = 0 ( z 1) i 2
2

)(

= 0 z 1 i 2 z 1 + i 2 = 0 z = 1 + i 2 ' z = 1 i 2 .

ii) f ( z ) = z + z 2 2z + 3 = z + z 2 ( + 2 ) z + 3 = 0

(2).

(2) z1 = 1 + i 3 , z 2 = 1 i 3 .

z1 + z 2 = + 2
2 = + 2
=0

. = 0 = 1 .
z1 z 2 = 3
4 = 3
= 1

7-4.
: . z 2 -4z+13=0 . z 2 +4z+8=0 .
7-5.
:
2

ii) 3z -3z+7=0 .
i) 2z -3z-1=0
7-6.
:
1
) x 2 -3x+2=0
) x 2 -2x+3=0
) x+ =1 .
x
7-7.
2x 2 +x+=0 , , , 3+2i ,
.
7-8.
-3x 2 +x+=0 , x1 =5-2i , .

7-9.
1+i x 2 +x+=0 0 , ,
.
7-10.
x 2 -3x+5=0 x1 x 2 .
. x1 x 2 , x1 +x 2 x12 +x 22
. x 2 +x+=0 , x12 x 22 , .

28

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