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  • Rate of reaction in a batch reactor

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    Ashley Nicole
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    1) The document describes a series of chemical reactions and calculations related to determining concentrations over time. 2) A phosphine reaction is modeled using a series of differential equations to determine concentrations of species and the time required for 3 moles to react. 3) A second-order reaction of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen is also modeled using differential equations to determine the time required for 0.5 moles of NO to react.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Sandler Ch2

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    1) The document describes a series of chemical reactions and calculations related to determining concentrations over time. 2) A phosphine reaction is modeled using a series of differential equations to determine concentrations of species and the time required for 3 moles to react. 3) A second-order reaction of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen is also modeled using differential equations to determine the time required for 0.5 moles of NO to react.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    32 views4 pages

    Rate of reaction in a batch reactor

    Uploaded by

    Ashley Nicole
    1) The document describes a series of chemical reactions and calculations related to determining concentrations over time. 2) A phosphine reaction is modeled using a series of differential equations to determine concentrations of species and the time required for 3 moles to react. 3) A second-order reaction of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen is also modeled using differential equations to determine the time required for 0.5 moles of NO to react.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4

    2

    2.1

    d (C V )

    dM 
    =
    =M IN -M OUT
    dt
    dt
    a) at steady state
    g
    M IN =1
    = M OUT = C volumetric flow rate out
    min
    g
    10m3
    1 g
    g
    1
    = C
    C=
    = 0.1 3
    min
    min
    10 m3
    m
    dC
    m3
    dC
    m3
    V
    = M C 10
    V
    = M C 10
    b)
    dt
    min
    dt
    min
    3
    V = 6 6 3 = 108 m
    V = 6 6 3 = 108 m3
    3
    dC
    g
    10m
    108m3
    =1
    C
    dt
    min
    min
    dC
    1
    g
    1 0 1
    m
    =
    C
    3
    dt 108 m min
    108
    or for C in g 3
    m
    dC
    dC
    = (10C 1)
    = dt
    108
    10.8
    dt
    C
    ( 0.1)

    10.8 ln

    ( C-0.1)
    = t
    ( -0.1)
    -0.005
    10.8 ln
    = t
    -0.1

    For C = 0.95 * 0.1 = 0.095


    108 ln 20 = t

    t = 32.35 minutes

    2
    2.2

    dC
    = kC
    dt

    If Cf = 0.5 Ci

    ln

    Cf
    Ci

    = kt

    ln 0.5 = -kt or k =

    ln 2
    t

    for a half life of seven years


    k = 0.099 years-1
    so that
    C
    ln f = k 25 = 0.099 25 = 2.475
    22
    Cf = 22 exp (-2.475) = 1.85 ppm

    2
    2.3

    Basis: 2-liter vessel = 2000 cm3 = 2103 10-6

    m3
    = 2 10-3 m3
    cm3

    kmol
    mol
    103
    210-5 m3 = 10 mol
    kmol
    m3
    a) Mass balance from stoichiometry
    Species
    Initial
    Final
    10
    10 4X = 7
    PH3
    0
    X
    P4
    0
    6X
    H2
    Since 10 - 4X = 7
    3 = 4X
    X=
    P4 = 0.75 moles
    H2 = 6 moles
    (10-4X ) moles
    moles
    = ( 5-2X ) 10-3
    b)
    CPH3 at any time =
    -3 3
    210 m
    m3
    Therefore
    dCPH
    =3.71510-6 CPH
    dt
    dX
    -210-3
    =-3.71510-6 ( 5-2X ) 10-3
    dt
    dX
    =3.71510-6 ( 2.5-X )
    dt
    dX
    d(2.5-X )
    =
    =-3.71510-6 dt
    2.5 - X
    2.5-X
    ln ( 2.5-X )t -ln ( 2.5-X )0 =-3.71510-6 t

    Initial moles of phosphine = 5

    2.5-X -2.71510
    =e
    2.5
    2.5-X =2.5 e2.71510

    -6

    -6

    X =2.5 1-e-2.71510

    -6

    Therefore

    Moles PH 3 =10-4X =10-10 1-e-2.71510

    Moles PH 4 =2.5 1-e-2.71510

    -6

    Moles H 2 = 15 1- e-2.71510

    -6

    -6

    )=

    10 e-2.71510

    -6

    Time required for 3 moles to react = time for X = 0.75

    X =2.5 1-e-2.71510

    -6

    ) = 0.75

    T = 1.314 105 sec = 36.49 hours

    2
    2.4
    a)
    b)

    2 NO + O2 2 NO2
    0.5 moles NO produces 0.5 moles NO2
    Species

    Initial
    Conc

    Conc. at
    X

    NO
    O2
    NO2

    1
    3
    0

    12X
    3X
    6X
    4X

    dCNO
    2
    =-1.410-4 CNO
    CO2
    dt
    d (1- 2 X )
    dX
    2
    =-1.410-4 (1-2X ) ( 3-X ) =-2
    dt
    dt
    dX
    2
    =0.710-4 (1-2X ) ( 3-X )
    dt
    ( 2X-1)
    1
    1
    0.7 10-4 t =
    +
    ln
    5 (1-2X ) 25
    ( X-3)

    Now for 0.5 mole of NO to react 1 2X = 0.5 X = 0.25


    1
    1
    0.710-4 t =
    +
    ln ( 0.5/2.75 ) =0.332
    50.5 25
    0.332
    t=
    104 =0.474104 sec = 1.317 hrs
    0.7

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