Orta srlrd Yaam

AZRBAYCANLI
ALMLR
fqihlr, mfssirlr, mhddislr, mtkllimlr, ravilr, qarilr...

..., , , , ,

THE AZERBAIJANI
SCHOLARS
Lived in the Middle Ages
fuqaha, mufassers, muhaddeses, mutakallims, ruwat, qurra...

Kitabn z qabndak rbc yazda Muhmmd peymbrin ( )Alimlr

peymbrlrin varislridirlr sz yazlmdr. Hdisin btn is beldir:



,

: ,

:

,
budDrda ( )dedi: Hqiqtn mn Allah Rsulunun ( )bel dediyini
eitdim: Kim elm thsil etmk mqsdiyl yola xsa Allah onu cnntin yollarndan
birin istiqamtlndirr. bhsiz ki, mlklr elm tlbsini o qdr xolayrlar ki,
onun n qanadlarn aarlar. bhsiz ki, alimin abid olan stnly ondrd geclik
ayn parlaqlna gr digr ulduzlara olan stnly kimidir. Gylrd, yerd v
sudak mxluqat Allahdan alimin gnahlarnn balanmasn dilyrlr. Alimlr
peymbrlrin varislridirlr. Peymbrlr miras olaraq dinar v dirhm deyil, elm
qoyub gedrlr. Kim o elmi xz ets ox byk bir miras ld edr.
(Buxari, Shih, Elm 10; Tirmizi, Snn, Quran 10, Elm 19; hmd ibn Hnbl,
Msnd, Elm 252, 325, 407)
sr Alimlr peymbrlrin varislridirlr szn mzhr olanlara ithaf olunur

Orta srlrd Yaam

AZRBAYCANLI
ALMLR
fqihlr, mfssirlr, mhddislr, mtkllimlr, ravilr, qarilr...

  3

Elnur Nsirov

Kitabn z qabndak rsm tannm trk rssam

Osman Hmdi byin (18421910) lahiyyat portretidir.

BAKI 2011

Orta srlrd Yaam

Azrbaycanl Alimlr
BAKI 2011

NR HAZIRLAYAN
Dr. Elnur Nsirov
Epot: azerialimler@box.az

ISBN: 978 9952 453 44 7

Elnur NSROV

MNDRCAT

N SZ ....................................................................................................................................

QISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................
GR .........................................................................................................................................
TDQQAT SULU V MNBLRN XLASS ......................................................
ORTA SR AZRBAYCAN HRLR.........................................................................
ORTA SRLRD YAAMI AZRBAYCANLI ALMLR .......................................
I.

Arranl alimlr .........................................................................................................

II.

Brdli alimlr..........................................................................................................

III.

Brdicli alimlr ........................................................................................................

IV.

Brzndli alimlr .....................................................................................................

V.

Beylqanl alimlr...................................................................................................

VI.

Drbndli alimlr ....................................................................................................

VII.

Dveynli alimlr .....................................................................................................

VIII. bhrli alimlr........................................................................................................

IX.

hrli alimlr..........................................................................................................

X.

rdbilli alimlr .....................................................................................................

XI.

Gncli alimlr........................................................................................................

XII.

Maraal alimlr .....................................................................................................

XIII.

Mrndli alimlr ....................................................................................................

XIV.

Miyanli alimlr ....................................................................................................

XV.

Naxvanl alimlr .................................................................................................

XVI.

Slmasl alimlr .....................................................................................................

XVII. Srabl alimlr........................................................................................................

XVIII. Scasl alimlr .......................................................................................................
XIX.

Shrvrdli alimlr ..............................................................................................

XX.

irvanl alimlr ......................................................................................................

XXI.

Tbrizli alimlr......................................................................................................

XXII.

Tiflisli alimlr ........................................................................................................

XXIII. Urmiyli alimlr ...................................................................................................

XXIV. Unuhlu alimlr ...................................................................................................
XXV.

Varsanl alimlr ....................................................................................................

XXVI. Xalxall alimlr .....................................................................................................

XXVII. Xoylu alimlr .......................................................................................................
XXVIII. Xunli alimlr ......................................................................................................
XXIX.

Qarabal alimlr ................................................................................................

XXX.

Zncanl alimlr...................................................................................................

NTC ...................................................................................................................................
STFAD OLUNMU MNBLR ..................................................................................

QISALTMALAR

Sllallahu leyhi Vsllm (Allahn slam onun zrin olsun)

Radiyallahu nh / Radiyallahu nha (Allah ondan raz olsun)

leyhisslam (ona slam olsun)

Rhimhullah (Allah ona rhmt etsin)

AMEA
AFD
ATAD
AzSSR EA
C.
CBSBED
CFD
DAAD
DSBED
ESBED
FFD
A
HK
BYEK
KSU
Ktbx
MEB
Nr.
Nr.
S.
s.
SD
SFD
STAD
SYEK
TDV
Trc.
trz.
TTK
VGMK
v.
v.s

Azrbaycan Milli Elmlr Akademiyas lyazmalar nstitutu

Ankara niversitesi lahiyat Fakltesi Dergisi
Ankara niversitesi Tarih Aratrmalar Dergisi
Azrbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikas Elmlr Akademiyas
Cild
Celal Bayar niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstts Dergisi
Cumhuriyet niversitesi lahiyat Fakltesi Dergisi
Dinbilimleri Akademik Aratrmalar Dergisi
Dumlupnar niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstts Dergisi
Erciyes niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstts Dergisi
Frat niversitesi lahiyat Fakltesi Dergisi
slam Ansiklopedisi
l Halk Ktphanesi
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King Saud University
kitabxana
Milli Eitim Bakanl
Nmr
Nair, nr edn
Say
Shif
Seluk niversitesi lahiyat Dergisi
Sakarya niversitesi lahiyat Fakltesi Dergisi
Seluk niversitesi Trkiyat Aratrmalar Dergisi
Sleymaniye Yazma Eserler Ktphanesi
Trkiye Diyanet Vakf
Trcm edn
tarixsiz
Trk Tarih Kurumu
Vakflar Genel Mdrl Ktphanesi
Vrq
v sair

ya@a@
a@i
N SZ
2009cu ilin ramazan ayna tsadf edn gnlri idi. msddin Zhbinin hdis hafizlrinin
bioqrafiyalar haqqndak TzkrtlHffaz adl srinin fihristini vrqlyirdim v Brdi
nisbsi il rastladm. Sonra rdbili, Miyanci, Brdici, baqa bir Brdi nisbsin rast
gldim. Fihristdki shif nmrlrini bir knara qeyd edib bu xslrin trcmeyihallarn
oxuyanda maram daha da artd. Bu nisblrin sahiblrinin hyat hekaylrini oxuduqca zrind
yaadmz torpaqlarn nec mmtaz insanlar yetidirdiyinin ahidi oldum. Daha vvl d bir sra
azrbaycanl alimlrin bioqrafiyalar, hyat v elmi faliyytlri il tan olmu, bu mvzuda
aradrma aparmdm. Lakin siqa, mksir, sduq kimi byk hdis alimlri n istifad
ediln titullarn daycs olan azrbaycanl alimlrin hyat hekaylri il ilk df bu qdr
yaxndan tan olmudum. msddin Zhbinin srindn sonra hdis alimlrinin hyat v
faliyytlrindn bhs edn digr rical kitablarn, tbqat v tzkirlri tdqiq etmy baladm.
Baa ddm ki, nhng bir dryann sahilind dayanmam. Bu dryann drinliklrin dalman
artq sadc bir tdqiqat kimi iim deyil, bir mslman v azrbaycanl olaraq borcum
olduunu drk etmidim. Hyat v elmi faliyytlrini aydnla qovudurmaq bu nadir
xsiyytlr qarsnda mnvi borcum idi. Sadc hdis alimlri deyil, orta srlrd Azrbaycan
torpaqlarnda yetimi, bu mmlktin vlad olan fqih, mfssir, mtkllim, qarilrin d hyat v
elmi faliyytlri haqqnda mnblrin nql etdiklri mlumatlar toplamaq qrarna gldim. Belc
bir illik grgin v fasilsiz mkdn sonra rsy gln bu srin tmli qoyulmu oldu.
Azrbaycanllar rblrdn sonra slam, ktlvi surtd, qbul etmi ilk milltdirlr. Allah
Rsulu Muhmmdin ( )vfatndan cmi 7 il sonra, 639cu ild Xoy v Slmas hrlrinin
halisinin byk ksriyytinin slam qbul etdiyi bard tarixi mnblr mlumat verirlr. rlid,
Azrbaycan hrlri haqqnda mlumat verrkn, bu bard daha trafl danacaq. Xilaftin
imala alan qaps olan Azrbaycan, rblrl srlr boyu davam edn mhariblr aparm Xzr
xaqanl il hmsrhd olmas sbbiyl byk strateji hmiyyt ksb etmidi. Bu sbbdn d
istr raid xliflr (), istrs d mvi v Abbasi xliflri slamn bu corafiyada yaylmasnda
maraql olmudurlar. Xilaftin imal srhdinin thlksizliyinin tmini n Azrbaycana ktllr
halnda rb qbillri krlmd. Bu krm siyasti slamn azrbaycanllar arasnda
yaylmas prosesini srtlndirmidi. Sonrak srlrd slam Azrbaycanda srtl yaylm v
byk ksriyyti atprstliy, myyn bir qismi is xristianla sitayi edn lk halisinin
mtrk dinin evrilmidi. Din birliyinin meydana glmsi Azrbaycann siyasi btnlynn
mhkmlnmsini tmin etmkl yana elmi v mdni trqqi n d tkanverici amil olmudu.
Abbasi xilafti dvrnd Azrbaycann iri hrlri elmi v mdni hyatn canll il seilirdi.
Xilaftin ziflmsi v mrkzdnqama meyllrinin artmas dvrnd d bu canllq ziflmmidi.
Htta deyrdim ki, ksin daha da qvvtlndirmidi. Xilaftin zifldiyi dvrd Badaddan formal
asll olan Rvvadi, Salari, Saci, ddadi v irvanahlar kimi Azrbaycan dvltlrini idar
ednlr hakim olduqlar hrlrin istr iqtisaditicari, istrs d elmimdni inkiafnda maraql
idilr. Ticariiqtisadi canlanmann v trqqinin mahid edildiyi hrlr bir mddt sonra
lknin ziyal potensiyaln da zn clb etmy balayrd. Bu da z nvbsind hmin hrlrd
elm v tdris ocaqlarnn yaranb inkiaf etmsin sbb olurdu. rlid barlrind bioqrafik
mlumat vercyimiz xslrin yaad dvrlrl onlarn yetidiklri hrlrin tarixini mqayis
edrkn bunu rahatlqla tsbit etmk mmkn olacaqdr. Msln klassik rb
corafiyanaslarnn Arrann anas adlandrdqlar Brd hri xilaft dvrnd Azrbaycann
imalnda inzibati mrkz olmudur. nzibatisiyasi hmiyyt qazanmas tezlikl bu hrin ticari

iqtisadi inkiafna da tkan vermidi. Bu inkiaf X srin ortalarnda ruslarn Brdni xarabazara
evirmlrin qdr davam etmidir. Brdi nisbsi dayan alimlrin d mhz VIIIX srlrd
yaamas iqtisaditicari canlanmann qalmaz olaraq elmimdni trqqiy tkan verdiyi bardki
fikrimizi dstklyir. Elc d Naxvani nisbsi dayan alimlrin daha ox XIIXIII srlrd, yni
Atabylrin hakimiyyti dvrnd, Gncvi nisbsi dayan alimlrin is XXI srlrd, yni
ddadilrin hakimiyyti illrind yaamalarn da buna nmun gstrmk olar. Bu iki hr ad
kiln dvltlrin paytaxt olmudular. Elc d irlid lkdn knarda elmi faliyytl mul
olan azrbaycanl alimlrin mxtlif dvrlrd mxtlif lklr z tutduqlarnn ahidi olacaq.
Msln XI sr qdr Badadn elm ocaqlar mslman rqindki ziyal ktl n cazib mrkzi
idis, bunun ardnca gln dvrd alimlr, elm v snt adamlar Buxara, Niapur v Smrqnd
kimi hrlr daha ox z tuturdular. nki ad kiln hrlr elm v mdniyyt byk
hmiyyt vern Samanilrin byk hrlri idi. Mool ialndan sonrak dvrd is
Mmlkllrinin idarsi altna olan Misir v am diyar, sonrak srlrd is Osmanl lksindki
elmimdni mrkzlrin slam corafiyasnn drd bir yanndan gln alim v mtfkkirlri
zn clb etdiyini mahid etmk olar.
Milltlrin v cmiyytlrin mdni dyri onun yetidir bildiyi elm v dnc insanlarnn
keyfiyyti il, say il deyil mhz keyfiyyti il, birbaa baldr. nki bu hmin cmiyytin
znmxsusluunun, bnzrsizliyinin gstricisidir. Elmin, tfkkrn, mumiyytl
mdniyytin tqlidi siyasi v iqtisadi asllqdan daha ar v facili nticlr sbbiyyt verir.
Siyasi v iqtisadi baxmdan asl vziyyt dm cmiyytlr fiziki chtdn lrlrs, elmi
mdni baxmdan yad nsrlrdn asl olan v ya onu tqlid edn cmiyytlr ruhn mhv olurlar.
Mslman rqi son srd ruhn lm, fiziki baxmdan is nfs alr vziyytd idi. Son 3040
ildki hrktliliyi bu koma vziyytindn xa doru atlm addmlar hesab etmk olar. Bu
baxmdan azrbaycanllarn zrind yaadqlar torpan altnda nec insanlarn yatdn
bilmlrinin faydal olaca dncsi il bu sri oxucunun xidmtin tqdim edirm.
Elnur Nsirov,
26 ramazan 1431/05 sentyabr 2010


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PREFACE
These were the days of ramadhan in 2009. I was looking through the biographical hadith
memories by Shams alDin Dhahabi. It was the book Tadhkarat alHuffaz. When I faced the
Bardai possession while reading. Then after one another came Ardabili, Miyanaji, Bardiji,
the other Bardai. Now I was interested more and having noted the pages of these possessions and
began to read the biographies of the authors. Before I had learned the biographies, life and activities
of Azerbaijan scienties and made some researches. But it was the first time I closely studied life and
activities of great scientists using titules for assiqa, almukthir, assadoq.
While reading the great monuments of these people I witnessed what distinguished great
people our land had grown. After the work by Shams alDin Dhahabi I began to research the
biographical encyclopaedies, tabagats and tadhkirats dealing with their life and activities and I
realized that I was standing at the shore of the great waters. I understood that it was not simply my
work as a researcher, but also it was my duty as a muslim and Azerbaijan one to make their
activities clearer was my duty before these rare people too. I decided to collect information not only
about hadith scientists but also the information about life and activities of Azerbaijan fageeh,
mufaser and gari scientists. Thus after a long years work this book was finished.
Azerbaijanis are the first nation after arabian who admitted Islam. It is informed that the
population of Khoy and Salmas admitted Islam in 639 after Muhammad ( )prophets death.
Further well speak about it widely while informing about Azerbaijan cities. Azerbaijan was the
door opening to the north for Caliphate and it was the reason for wars between Khazar kaganate
and arabian. Thats why both rashed caliphs and Umayyad caliphs, Abbasid caliphs were interested
in spreading Islam in these areas. In order to assure security of north borders of Caliphate crowds of
Arabian tribes were moved to Azerbaijan. This policy was the reason for spreading Islam very
rapidly among Azerbaijans. Next centuries Islam was spread more widely and united all the people
even having other religious such as fireworshipper and christian. The appearance of united
religion was one of the main branch for both developing of science and culture of Azerbaijan
integrity.
The flourishing of big Azerbaijan cities was seen even in the period rulers Rawadids, Salarids,
Sajids, Shadadids and Shirvanshakhs. The progress was in the sphere of trade, economy and culture.
The rulers of these states even those who depended on Baghdad were interested in it, too. It is was
also followed by scientific and educational institutions. Well also peak widely about it while
companing history of these big cities, for example Barda called mother of Arran by classical
arabian geographists was the administrative centre in the north of Azerbaijan during the reign of
Caliphate. Political, economical and cultural progress lasted till midst of X centure when Russian
turned it into ruins. Thus the economical and trade development, cultural and scientific
development gives us idea to be sure that scientists of Bardai possession lived in VIIIX centuries.
Also scientists of Nakhchivani possession lived in XIIXIII centuries, scientists of Ganjavi
possession lived in XXI centuries.
Further well also witness life and activities of other scientists living in other countries. Scientist
used to go to Bukhara, Nishapur and Samargand after XI century becouse these big cities of
Samanides were in great importance for science and culture.
The people grown by nations and societies are connected not by quantity but only by quality.
Political and economical dependence are couse for bad and heavy tragedies. The societies depend on
economically and politicaly die physicaly but societies depend on science and culture de spritualy.
Muslim East died spiritualy last 3 centures but breathed physicaly. Last 3040 years we can consider
the steps running forward. In this point of view I leave this book for my readers to witness for living
of great people of Azerbaijan.
Elnur Nasirov,
05 September 2010/26 Ramadhan 1431