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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC

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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC


1. Phng php gin Fresnel a. nh lut v in p tc thi - Trong mch xoay chiu gm nhiu on mch mc ni tip th in p tc thi gia hai u ca mch bng tng i s cc in p tc thi gia hai u ca tng on mch y. u = u1 + u2 + u3 + b. Phng php gin Fresnel Mt i lng xoay chiu hnh sin c biu din bng 1 vect quay, c di t l vi gi tr hiu dng ca i lng . Cc vect quay v trong mt phng pha, trong chn mt hng lm gc v mt chiu gi l chiu dng ca pha tnh gc pha. Gc gia hai vect quay bng lch pha gia hai i lng xoay chiu tng ng. Php cng i s cc i lng xoay chiu hnh sin (cng f) c thay th bng php tng hp cc vect quay tng ng. Cc thng tin v tng i s phi tnh c hon ton xc nh bng cc tnh ton trn gin Fresnel tng ng. 2. Mch in xoay chiu c R, L, C mc ni tip a. nh lut m cho on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip Cho mch in xoay chiu c ba phn t R, L, C nh hnh v. t vo hai u mch in mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = U0cost = H thc gia cc in p tc thi trong mch: u = uR + uL + uC Biu din bng cc vect quay: Trong : UR = RI, UL = ZLI, UC = ZCI Tng hp hai vc t v ta c

Gin vc t cho hai trng hp UL > UC v UL < UC Theo gin vc t ta c:

(nh lut m trong mch c R, L, C mc ni tip). t gi l tng tr ca mch, n v .

b. lch pha gia in p v dng in Gi l lch pha ca in p v dng in (hay u vi i), ta bit rng , (1) Nu Nu , hay u nhanh pha hn i gc . Khi mch c tnh cm khng. , hay u chm pha hn i gc . Khi mch c tnh dung khng. . T gin ta c

*Nhn xt: Trong mch in xoay chiu th cng hiu dng ca dng in l gi tr c nh cn in p qua cc phn t R, L, C thay i, nn khi ta c h thc Quy tc chng pha: Nu on mch AM c lch pha vi i l c lch pha vi i l tc l tc l , on mch AN

, khi ta c cng thc chng pha nh sau:

V D IN HNH:

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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC

V d 1: Cho mch in RLC c t vo hai u mch hiu in th 110V, tn s 50Hz. a. Tnh tng tr ca mch. b. Tnh cng hiu dng ca dng in qua mch. c. Hiu in th hiu dng trn tng phn t R,L,C. * Hng dn gii: a. Tnh tng tr ca mch Ta c:

b. Cng hiu dng qua mch:

c. Hiu in th trn tng phn t:

V d 2: Cho on mch RLC gm R = 80, L = 318mH, C = 79,5 F. in p gia hai u on mch c biu thc : u = 120 cos(100t)(V). a. Vit biu thc cng dng in chy trong mch v tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u mi dng c. b. Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u R, hai u L v hai u C. c. Vit biu thc in p hai u R, hai u L, hai u C. * Hng dn gii:

a. Ta c:

Tng tr ca mch l: Cng dng in ca mch: Gi l lch pha ca u v i, ta c: M: Vy biu thc cng dng in trong mch l: b. Theo a ta c , in p hiu dng gia hai u mi phn t l:

c. Vit biu thc hai u mi phn t R, L v C Gia hai u R

Do uR cng pha vi i nn Biu thc hai u R l: Gia hai u L

Do uL nhanh pha hn i gc /2 nn

Biu thc hai u L l: Gia hai u C

Do uC chm pha hn i gc /2 nn

Biu thc hai u C l:

3. Hin tng cng hng

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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC

a. Khi nim v cng hng in Trong (1) khi hng in b. c im ca hin tng cng hng in Khi xy ra hin tng cng hng in th tng tr ca mch t gi tr nh nht, dng ca dng in t gi tr cc i, in p gia hai u in tr R bng vi in p hai u mch, Cng dng in trong mch cng pha vi in p hai u mch Cc in p gia hai u tu in v hai u cun cm c cng ln nhng ngc pha nn trit tiu nhau. iu kin cng hng in: V d in hnh Mt on mch ni tip gm mt in tr R = 10, cun dy thun L = 5mH v t in C = 5.10-4F. Hiu in th hai u on mch U = 220V. a. Xc nh tn s ca dng in c cng hng. b. Tnh cng qua mch v cc hiu in th UL, UC khi c cng hng. * Hng dn gii: a. b. Vi f = 100Hz th Khi c cng hng th 4. Cc loi mch in c bit a. Mch in khuyt mt trong cc phn t C ba loi mch in xoay chiu m khuyt mt trong cc phn t R, L, C Cc cng thc tnh ton vi cc loi mch ny cng tng t nh mch in RLC nhng trong cc cng thc khi khuyt phn t no th ta cho gi tr lin quan n phn t bng 0. Mch in R, C - in p hai u mch : , (coi nh UL = 0) - Tng tr ca mch: - lch pha ca u v i : gc hay - Gin vc t : Mch in R, L - in p hai , (coi nh ZL = 0) => in p uRC chm pha hn i hay => cng hiu th trong mch c xy ra hin tng cng

u mch : , (coi nh UC

=0) Tng

tr

ca mch: , (coi nh ZC = 0) ca u v i:

lch

pha

=> in p uRL nhanh pha hn i gc hay - Gin vc t : Mch in L, C - in p hai u mch : - Tng tr ca mch: - lch pha ca u v i : Nu Nu V D IN HNH: V d 1: (Mch RL) on mch ni tip gm in tr R=10 v cun dy thun cm c L = 31,8(mH). Dng in xoay chiu qua on mch c biu thc . a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch. b. Vit cc biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai u ca R, L v ca c on mch. Cho th lch pha l th lch pha l

, (coi nh UR =0) , (coi nh R = 0)

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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC

* Hng dn gii: a. Ta c: Tng tr ca mch b. Vit cc biu thc: T gi thit ta c: in p gia hai u R Do uR cng pha vi i nn Biu thc hai u R l: Gia hai u L

Do uL nhanh pha hn i gc /2 nn

Biu thc hai u L l: Gia hai u mch RL in p cc i ca hai u mch l: lch pha ca u v i l: M Biu thc in p hai u mch l:

V d 2: (Mch RC) on mch in xoay chiu ni tip gm in tr R = 50 v t in

. Vit

biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai bn ca t in v hai u on mch. Cho bit biu thc cng dng in

* Hng dn gii:

Ta c:

Tng tr ca mch T gi thit ta c: Vit biu thc in p gia hai u t C

Do uc chm pha hn i gc /2 nn

Biu thc hai u C l: Gia hai u mch RC in p ca hai u mch l: lch pha ca u v i l: M Biu thc in p hai u mch l: V d 3: (Mch LC) Mt on mch gm mt t in C c dung khng 100 v mt cun dy c cm khng 200 mc ni tip nhau. Hiu in th ti hai u cun cm c biu thc biu thc in p hai u t in * Hng dn gii: Cng hiu dng ca dng in trong mch: Do nn mch c tnh cm khng . Vit

p dng quy tc chng pha ta c

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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC

Vy biu thc hai u in p qua t C l:

b. Mch in m cun dy khng thun cm Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC trong cun dy khng thun cm m c thm mt in tr r. Khi R v r c gi l tng tr thun ca mch v do R, r ni tip nn tng tr thun k hiu l Trong tt c cc cng thc tnh ton th chng ta coi R0 nh nhng cng thc khi tnh ton c R - in p ca mch in:

- Tng tr ca mch in: - lch pha ca u v i: Nhn xt : Cun dy c thm in tr hot ng r nn c th coi nh mt mch in RL thu nh. Cc cng thc tnh ton vi cun dy cng nh tnh ton vi on mch RL kho st trn - in p hai u cun dy: - Tng tr ca mch: - lch pha ca ud v i : => in p ud nhanh pha hn i gc d hay

* Ch : Trong mt s bi ton m khi bi cho nhp nhng khng bit c cun dy c thun cm hay khng hoc i khi yu cu chng minh rng cun dy c thm in tr hot ng r th ta lm theo cch sau: - Gi s rng cun dy khng c in tr hot ng, r = 0 - Thit lp cc biu thc vi r = 0 th s mu thun vi gi thit cho - Kt lun l cun dy phi c in tr hot ng r 0 V d in hnh: Cho on mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v Cho , . a. Tnh gi tr ca r v L l b. Vit biu thc ca cng dng in v in p hai u mch * Hng dn gii: a. Ta c Tng tr ca on mch AM l Cng dng in ca mch ,

lch pha ca uAM vi i tha mn:

M p dng cng thc chng pha ta c:

Tc l on uMB nhanh pha hn i gc T (1) v (2) ta c b. Vit biu thc ca u v i Vit biu thc ca i : T cu a ta c , c I = 0,8 (A) ta c biu thc ca cng dng in:

Vit biu thc ca u : Tng tr ca mch : in p ca mch lch pha ca u v i l:

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Mnh in xoay chiu RLC

M Biu thc hai u in p l:

BI TP LUYN TP Bi 1: Mt on mch RLC c R = 10, cun dy thun cm c dng in qua mch c I = 5A, tn s f = 50Hz. a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch. b. Tnh hiu in th gia hai u R, L, C v c on mch. c. Vit biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai u ca an mch. p s : a. b. UR = 50V, UL = 50V, UC = 100V, U = 70,7V c. v t in . Cng

Bi 2: Mt on mch gm in tr thun R = 24 v mt cun dy dn c t cm 102mH, c mc ni tip vo mng in 240V, 50Hz. a. Tnh cng dng in i qua on mch. b. Tnh hiu in th hai u in tr thun v hai u cun dy. c. Tnh lch pha gia dng in v hiu in th hai u on mch. p s: a. 6A b. UR = 144V, UL = 192V c. 53
0

Bi 3: Mt on mch RLC gm mt in tr thun 30, mt cun cm 0,2H, mt t in 50F c mc ni tip vo mng in 120V, 50Hz. a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch v dng in i qua on mch. b. Tnh lch pha gia hiu in th hai u on mch v dng in trong mch. p s: a. 30, 4A b. = 0

Bi 4: Cho on mch nh hnh v:

Tm R v C khi

, hiu in th uAN tr pha

so

vi uAB v uMB sm pha so vi uAB Bi 5: Mt mch in gm mt in tr thun R = 70 mc ni tip vi cun dy c t cm L = 0,318H v in tr RL = 30. Hiu in th gia hai u mch in l u = 141,4cos(314t). a. Tnh tng tr ca mch in. b. Vit biu thc cng dng in qua mch v biu thc hiu in th gia hai u cun dy. p s: a. b. ,

Bi 6: Mt in tr thun l 150 v mt t in 16F c mc ni tip vo mt mng in xoay chiu 100V, 50Hz. a. Tnh cng dng in i qua on mch. b. Tnh hiu in th hai u in tr thun v t in. c. Tnh lch pha gia hiu in th hai u on mch v dng in i qua mch. p s: a. I = 0,4A b. UR = 60V, UC = 79,6V c. -530 Bi 7: Mt on mch RLC gm mt in tr thun 30, mt cun cm 0,2H, mt t in 50F c mc ni tip vo mng in 120V - 50Hz. a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch v dng in i qua on mch. b. Tnh lch pha gia hiu in th hai u on mch v dng in trong mch. p s: a. Z = 30; I = 4A b. = 0

Bin son Thy ng Vit Hng - BK H Ni

Bnh lun (73)

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