You are on page 1of 49

ulZz|

u] ]] 9]J o] ni o^e
Ve ^$ ] m] oF o v
nu$ ]
# ^e ]
Fu$ ] # ] e ! nq$ ]
_6 n#$ ]

n] # ] DF E Mn  ] $ ] # ^e i o$ fFm m e F ^ ]
~(,
gzZ )Z(,uG nrn: uBvZ ! a}} Z
gZ {zgzZ
d
WLZ y%Z
# z c*
gzZ L L
X
( Z **
G
G
G38~0#
u
LG
Q)g fkZ \vZ=HX 6,VBb Zt W6,q ulZz |L L
! 
wJ#
}
.~KkZgzZ 
Za gz9~}g !*

'!*
~P
~ q
-Z
/Z|+}g t ]!*

X g Z
/l'!*
~ 0 qkZ=

# L LZg + ZgX
wD Z)zzX
E
LG
L L{zYHy~q
-ZgzZ[]E
c*
Y
LO kZv !*
C : i q
Z V c*
g Z
$ ZZ {z
}g

Vl

!Zg

V
K

x **

!*
!*

$ Z
**
S

V M

C : H
L Lq
-ZZwD Z)u~
Vx Z ~{Z gzZ
G
G
x
V

L z

I
E
Vg
yS
~]g  c*
~^e
~^e
$ 3" euX uL
L
L LX +~Z+ Zg
Z

x S

{ k
HZ (,
gzZx`
Z(,
~ + kZ
_tik Q + + Zg ]!*
tZ
# gzZX D uL Lq
-Z
F 1 ^ m e m% ] m # ] $ ]: g Zz~p Z4Z%z~Y Z >g]!*
OX u{z
g
/
g.
**
t
e
$ M kZp
/ZX } j eT{k
HkZ%Z YHuBkZ }7s
/
]!*
C
t\vZ GL L( 116z48e
$ M ) m$
m$ L L:p Z }ji{k
H}uz {z 7;gzZ {z\vZc
e
87~KVk
H}uz
gzyQ@*
X 7{~
.Z N Y_Ce~{k
HT Zu ?Y:
/
tZX } j eaT
C
X } 
s eT\vZ { k
Hk Q%Z
7]g uV;\vZ
uZ(,
y M
zgi ZV- |kZX u{z
g
/
g.
**
x`
Z (,
{k
HZ(,
~+}g  Zxwq
g Z ZgzZ uL LpkZV;zVg: pgzZ kZ t z t (
/Z
@*M L LV ~y M
 yYbhZ X
X Z(,
utZzL L n  ] $ ]:y|t~Wk
,
ie
$ MOX WL Lp =L
L

Zk QqC
ts ZgzZw X g(gzZ Ux Zk Qq L L v n o o$ ] : ~y!*
i!
~]c*
 C]gq
-Z ~z yS ~u[ZX Y c*
ggzZ} U x ZkZt Y3g6,x
o$ ] LtL gzZ @*
Yc*
~] Z
/( v!*
f)vZQc*
gzZX ]gq
-Z v n o o$ ] LtL X @*
Yc*
'
,
Z'
,
vZ VZ
X uL Lt Z]Z (,


L
L ZxX ]g~uz v n o

!Zj 13e
$ M ck
,
iy%g\
M Hg Z~}g !*
L L ~
VxZ Zj83e
$ M x Z >gjx Z/%q
-Z
t
d Z',Z]|) L L di j ] ^e % u] nm ] p% ^ :wi **
$ Mtx Z >gZ
e
# X u Z%V c*

}
-ZgzZ W{z
q
/q
-Z ?g Z h{ c*
i yEZgzZ yjz Z y ~ ( WgzZ + 7O) Vz
/Vz CZg f Y ?
/Z ( !} Z Y7
~yZ
HY7ZXZz+ Vzq }uzBvZ {zs~uzgzZZz+ vZq
-Zssq
-ZX + 7O
: [Z p._[|Zx q
-Z LZy M
wZt? y{ c*
i yEZgzZyj6f
ej% ] 5 ] e ^m] ]fm ]! m$]
X Cc*
$Z@zgzZz( yEZgzZ )yjzZ~|,:_CyZZ LZgzZNyZZv L L
e
l M ByZZo z}zt\vZ
/Z Za ~jx Z 0E
!6,
kZX , : Za<
ByZZ LZ
!*
gzZ ~',
!*
X 6,zZ LZtHq
-Z\ M
/ZgX@*
:6,
zZ LZ c*
6,
Vzuz~Zg : y (Z
:
6,kZX~',
!*
y(Z !g  HC
kZ KZt ~
Vx Z jx Z/OX 7ea
**
Yu0*
:S7,
7e
$ Mt?H c*
!Zj e
$ M Zy%g\
MgzZX u Z%~g It
!M kZ~~
Vx Z

Mn  ] $ ] # ^e i o$ fFm m e F ^ ]
Z%2~y
M KZgzZ6,e
$Z@ zgzZVZ {zg: l M uBy
kS NyZZv  Zt
XVJ
-

# + Zg Z
gzZx`

.
**
gzZ Z(,
 Ztc Zuz k
,
kZ E
LG
# X V; ggt \ M (converse)@Z~[Z
GL P M X @*Mf d Z'
VgzZ  && P M t %zx gzZg
,
Z ]|6,] ~y M
X uZ(,
E
G
 c*

~
V* @*
kZ {i Z0
+Z kZ%zx Z
L O7NkZX v
Z2L L\ MtBvZq
-ZX e
$.
E
G
l i$ n ] j$ k EE: ~
t
g ZX 7^
,6,
x ~

L O7Nh& 1Z]| 
XvZs2Z
X @*
21Z @*
2CZ~
/Z L L( 1) DDn e^e]
- m] e oe] ^ h^e Xe^v] ^ h^j X xnv !r] o ] ] h^e X] h^j Xp^f] xnv DME

Nt ~
GO7E
;gs
# zBx Zy M
TBg LZ d Z',
Z]|g {z gzZX Bg LZsg
VvZwg

X 12CZ Z'
,
Z\vZgzZ L L( Y Z ) Un n Fe] # ] i$]:
]] ]X }g
/
~P M9g;ZYVz%X  Y m
CZ1Z L LP Mt{zgzZ
BV1gzZVg~uz d Z',
Z]|
4
4
g

\
W
W
W
yZp Za \!*
0p
/Z d G~yZX ~ d Z',
Zx?Zz> }Z:vZwggzZ G ]Z|&~ % ]
X Y m
CZ1Z\
M X ~P M Vz%{zyZX  d Z',
Z]|x?Z ?*%{Zz


^q o] ^ $ $ i^ kF e e% F e] o 5 je] ]: E
&Og
g ZX  kZ Z L LP MtB
KZ ~g7~P M
ZV
N~:c*

\vZ
HF,
Z Zg7~
yQ{zgzZ c*
i M~V!*
PgyQ
Z',ZZ
# ( z c*
)gzZ L L( 124:>Z ) ^^] ^$
GLkZX VZz
^ ^ :t{z CY~~y
M yQ c*
Mf d Z',
Z]|}V~y M
Bg
X :~V( d Z'
,
Z )\ MgzZ L L( >Z ) en]
Z} 
t\vZ~}g !*
TgzZX YVy
KZJ
-T x +F,
tgzZ ` Zca+
M
KZ **
Y Zi M !*
u Zx
X
Htestimonial~y
MgzZwu~y
M ~y
MQ c*
u 0*
u{tZ
7u{t
s~uzgzZX u{z

,.
**
Z (,

{k
HZ (,

x `
Z (,

~+}gsq
-Z
HZztWJ
-[ Z
;gwq
-Z~n
pg~f
zVzqVzyZ[ ZXu 0*
!*
uy
KZtx zZ
gzZwu Z (,


~(,

gzZX X u}:}} &


+Z ekZ xYHt
/Z wqZ c*
Z
+
]c*
{z{Zp ~zg gzZ
f ZeC
.Zzt{zgzZX V
G
G
G
g !q
-ZtbkZ X }igzZ ( corollaries) rz

{z{)z
L Bt{o
L Bt

L Btn>! pzC

XB
bgw c 
: ZiZewc*
tC
gzZx `

{k
C
HC
~$
+
o{zt xB\ M
C
/Zqz
kZgzZxlZuX
I
\E
gzZ M ~y M
a
L? LLkZXoimkZ
c*
bgzZw{z{Zp >C
gzZnC

C
@',
kZgzZ
X J
-y M c
kZgzZLzoa
kZL L( Z'
,
Z)X $ ] o ^$ ke^$ ^]: MpZ~}g!*
kZ
: ZyV-~106e
$ M -g~y M
gq
-Z ~ !u
B% $ ] # ^e %] + m ^
X B
uq : 1  vZ {ztwq e
$ZV
KZgzZ L L
~gz` M X ~g !*
XD YvnkZ}} A } f 
#
\ M ~
KZ g @*
g Z \vZ yY]!*
t
Y6,x Z}
.} VrZ|gX @*
YZ}
.+
G {zZ}
.tZzp
6,`zg Z Z}
. @*
kC,ZC

A
{'N
/ZX {'Nc*
O Z {zs %Zt}X ~]\Z}
.s%Z Zg g6
6,+ |q
-ZX H7gZ Z}
.
c*

KZ g @*
Zz+ x **
Z}
.Z}
. **
ntwqX ]Zg t
OXvZ {z { Zg Zr
#
x G3OZ OA ZgzZ{ Z
~(,
p Yh
+
ZV Zz+ V**
gzZZ}
.X g f 
Zz g Zs Z}
.gzZg~e
$Zx ~
tgzZ l M uq ByZZ
HHtgzZ **
V Z}
.LggzZBB+ Z}
.} (,q
-Zt {z g Ze
=
VZ TPyV ; ggt \ M ] Z LZ~X C M YgzZ #~
KZ g @*
~g7 ZeZ
kZ {z
@*M
) !*
%
@*Mg jkC) @*M u
/Z~ ]ZgkZX e**
(Z @*
7uL1yY {z
T @*Mt g (Z]g5q
-Z n%t u~gzC
 C t ^q
-Z kZX $

g **
gzZ
~ kZ @*
7uu
C :
w X 7eb~g7kZ Y: Za
A &+ TkZJ
-Z
# gzZ
CY{g @*
~+ T
l7

Zp

)Y

Zg


]

fg
Z0
+Z

g Zg'gu~g Zz ZgzZ 7OZ(,pL )


,q
-Z YX VyT}g v~ Y M| hzZ { ]8
-g ?{Zp
X_C{z~kZgzZc*
0*
yT:ugz LZ!,!*

[u0*
gzZ ~'
,
\ M LZ {z
yQ~0
+
KXXY fgzZV

GG3E
4zL LwD Z)6,
C :V;g7
gwV~p~W6,
kZ
gzZ
gzZ
gzZ
gzZ

gzZ

ZF,

4
xw

CZ

xY

zg

gi M

kS

$
d

gz

Z (,
{z


<

gzZ

V Z}
.

{i @*

yS

kS

GE
"N]Zggi M ` MgzZ Z F,

Vggi M k',
g ZD
g eh ` M X g zZ 4ZF,
gi Md
$ L L:^Zg \ Hg[ Z
~(,
uZX ZJ
-0
+e` Mp Y8
-b0*
{ c*
i{ c*
i}ih
+
y
KZ
zk QX ]!*
i iX
~ 6
Y7]t
/ZX yTugz LZ {! k Q]gz[ZX g (Z'gZ~(,
gzZ ~h ZyZh ZzZ
uq {z z!*
kZp
[~', kZ\ M LZ ngzZ []Y Z'
,Z nC
uBm}g7 ~w LZq
-Z Hn
Bq Z ulZx ~gzZf LZ t s:gzZXt }g g !gzZ Y Z(,q
-Z ]!*
kZ ]gzZX_CgzZ 2~
X ]zg0
+Zq
-Z ]gzakZX yTZ}
g (Z^5 gzZhzZ { ]* uYZa
A &~ Z {zg0
+Z}g
y
KZ~kZhzZ { ]* gzZ$
+*
;g M ~^gzZ]gT eu Y3gO$
/ZN YalwZ {zakZ
X ~sfuGlZ F,
{ c*
i{zc
zkS ZXyTkZ
G
$

o
4)GZY fV; }g ~eulZ
X uWgzZVc*
q
-Z X q
-ZgzZ q
-Ztq
-Z }X  G
GE
"Nq
 ~
t 
twVkZX @*M 7C
{z
Hu tT uq
-Z
;g{>
-Z }
X Huk QS7,
i } z3 TL L( 1) DDZ] o]m o# EE
!nn^1] h^j Xu] DME
{zC
X ut c*

~
Vg
s{>
Di KZ {z ;gN= @*
kCt{zZ
# p
;g| 7,
i q
-Z
X n] oe ^vfL LzgzZ oF ] oe ^ vfL Lz
S7,
BZ >gzk Q
@z
qgz
x z~kZ
;g| 7,
i z
@*
x tp
H{gG[Z ;g{>k
/Z

H| (,
6Zgz i ZgfkZ Z
H7Z k Q sKZ
q
-Z X ugzZ
;g 3 {z& ak Q {>0*
p avZ {>kX z}>q
-ZkZ
X q
-ZgzZ
ZvZ {zq
-Z
x **
} VzqZq
-ZX u q
-ZgzZu }o q
-Z g Z kZgzZq
-Z
Zpsq
-ZgzZ vZ sq
-ZX unq
-Z 46,
}X u~kZ @*
xYHt
/Zp ;gy 7x **
q
$ vZ6,
: Z
g ZX Zg? yqZ Zg
zk Q ! DxlZpLZwZ e1 L F
ZX LZ
D^]E qn n i k^] :F `F] i$] km]]
IX
?B~g Z)f , Z\ M H ?1qCZL 4ZpKZT6,
wqk Q Hg\ M H ( !
} Z)L L

p
/Z
; gu~ ZxX # ] $ ] F] : 0*}ggzZXg:$ @*

ZwEZ F]L L^V


u~kZ|gp } hYu \ M {z,]!*
t kZ\ M 7**
qLZ Lk QX 7u~}o
X {g bzg YuhL L( 1) DD] f ^m] f
iEE:c*

\
M~T g
$uq
-Z~
VxZ
!~sfZX
!] nf o ] o ]v] h^e Xn] 6^`r] h^j Xp^f] xnv DME
gLZz] !} Z L L( 21:>Z ) p$] e$ ]f] ^$ ] ^%m^m5 :
Hc*

aT ] L
L ZX
Hc*

L LV
kZ ;gkZw!*

/Zp **
7qL9zgX C Y7b gzZ9zg x\ M '
H Za T
zgzZ 46,

VzqVz yS V ~g\ M [ZX g OZ L gLzZ g b OZL L{z~Zp


vZc*
Z{Zpx **
gzZ ~ vZ':gtq
-Zs @*
kZ\ MgzZX ;g @*
~M ;gy x ZvZ,
/Z !V:_Cg0
+Z46,
X gY7g ZM Z
gY7]
gb
gtX ggzZ \ M6,
gV;z ! 7X @*

G
I
4
]
4h 6,
: C M t g I Mt6,
V, Z ? HgzZ 7utX g^BBN Y7Vz G
Vz ' Vzt~V70
+
i ~g  Zx
t
t
Z] oF] 1% m Fn ] m ^n% ] Fnv] o p $ ] F m$ _q ^
fe i gFj] fe + j]
Df]E gi ^$ ^e # ] ^ h]]
* 7Z HgzZ ZkZ!$
+yQ,x`
t ~ ?? Dg Z q
-ZgzZ { q
-Z( <gzZ ) [ ?H L L
X g ? 7]wyQvZgzZ ?Yc*
7
-~[ Z+F,
+7Zy]y
h
MgzZ Yc*
g Zpz?f~0
+
i
kZ c*

vZ~}g !*
T x`
{zugzZ
ut C M~]!*
tg6,
p Z h] ] Z]L LV[ Z
X 7wZ
G
G
$

o
4)Gz ZjulZ
Z(
,
~t
# IyZ
0Zx ZX igzZ {oc*
gzZOgt \ M ~ {zG
: Z
g ZX Z u q
-ZgzZ u~ yTvZ GE
HZ u q
-ZX V gt \ M ] q Z yQ~X x zZ
t0
+
iy
KZC
X
Z1gzZgz${z CYeTgzZ Z1gzZgz$Zz eL L( Z ) Uh_] g^_$ ]
F] L
L 0*X: gzZvZ Z~Zg[gzZt gzZX ; g\ hz[gzZ{z @*
x

H',
Z',
vZgzZ g Z[8gzZ[z
/ZX # ] $ ] hfv X # ] $ ] h_ X # ] $ ] 1 : x|gZkZ # ] $ ]
~y

Z}
.

,y Q

C :wD Z X u
"N
3E
V G

gzZ


C
=
kZ~ K]z]Z f kZ
~ yTvZ GE
HZ uL L q
-ZX H ~ ]qZz yS cu0Zx Z

8gzZ[z
/Z Z uL Lc*
x **
VrZkZ ) Z u gzZX u~~0
+
zZ}
.ctX
Hc*
?gzZ
?

~

X Z utyYY M',
Z',
vZ {z
/Z6,
4w Y?vZ {g Z Z 
g Z
~X Vzcg ZZ~ sf ~gzZ ( comprehensive ) x { c*
iq
- 4,
} ~q
-ZZjulZ
kS Za ]ggzZ uL
/ZY Za ]m!*
{zvZY 
yS Y 1qZi q
-Z ulZZjkZ
/ZV &
kZgzZ ~ ]Z f vZ vZ ]ZZ uL L q
-Z :  9&u zg kZX 7
~ + TkZ~ zg ]
x|Zg7
L L~
L Lq 
L 6,
L gx ~wew1zg Z)X L LZ ! akZX
8?gzZ
:
Z Xu',
Z',

L L!
7 kZ gzZ L L Du] ] $ m :
Hc*

~p ZuIz~mZ >g( X IF,
g

**
n ~',
Z',c
e ~~ 
 @*
wEZt~A { ~ 
~ i X h kZ 7gzZ L L: HF,
e
$ M kZ
AgzZ ~T 6q
-Z wj
: kZxgzZ Y: ]!*
Zz h " $Z @*
c
e **
Y ]Zg ZZ~A kZgzZce
kZ X~|gntgzZX Y0^zg~{mZ I
: t
{ c*
i}~]Z
VrZ 0
+
i Rq
-Z V(,
Z uL Lb vZ~f
X \vZ6,
T
u+F,
**

rgzZ+F,
Vc*
+F,
+
$
tgzZ ] Z OE
LL
x ZY f\ M X b gzZ b}gZ
b .
O$b',
Z',kZ~ ] \vZ ]Z uL L u n~uz
J# 
C
Y /E
C
ug ZZp Zx tX $ $ n% ^% % :VF
gp Zt~]h
X kZ :
.
O$kZ :
? kZ :
g kZ :
wVkZ :
kZ :
kZ : Yg Z
dq
-Z ~ kZgzZn ui **
gzZ " Z (,
tVznt 6,g!~gzZ X ]Z u b',
Z', \vZ U ~ ]
~kZX Y7,6,3 Zg u?
{ZC

xy
KZ M ~(,g:O${z
/Z'!*
"+ZP~ kZX involveX
o Z>
XnZz Zgx
Z $',{gg Z hI4XL L~}g !*
uq kZX Y Bm V ~ 6,
g~g"$
WZ
# 6,b)L L gzZZPkZX ]Z un (Z
!{ c*
igJ g ZgzZq
-g !*
{ c*
iw!*
{z @*
Y~}g !*

~KZ
+ V; }g }- , ZTY M ~B;]!*
{zbVgZrZvZY 
yS \ MgzZ YZz|t
XN Y Di}-x {z
8ggzZ y@*
~(,
zzXgzZ} 7,
t \vZ ,zX **
',
Z',
kZ c*
**
kZ~A t **
uBkZ~t vZ t Z uL
L u Z

] L L{zgzZD Yt x vZ~T (Z q
-Zt Z] V 0*

~V 0*
;L Lp D YN Yu
/Z
( >Z ) U j$i $ f m$] p$] e$ ]f] ^$] ^% m ^ m5 : M
Z zgi ZX ;g`~
/
%] fzY m
CZx
n F] ^ # ] ] f] Fm :gzZX j
$? @*
}g
/
? yQgzZ?H Za Tg LZz] !} Z L L

] vZtL L( b ) C n] i$] # ] ]f] ]:gzZ X 7qZg vZkZ z ] vZ !x ~} Z L L( 846150:)


X z~zc~gzZzg (Z kZgzZ z
GG
GLG
"W g E
" y
Z ) Dfn $ ]
gzZV~gzZ L L(
] $ r] k ^: Z
g ZX0
+
ikZ

KZ]
Y Y ] mZ uL L t Z uL LO X M t x \vZ ~ ] L L k Z X H Za a ( ) ] KZ sV
KZ
*{z{zu{ vZY 
yS kZX 'gyy] mZ u Yxc~}g !*
Xc 0*
] X
'kZ ZC
~]ggzZ n%t
/Z { M ~TYZa ]{z Yqgz
yZ 0*
~* u
X Yy M 'TgzZ

Z u
]Z OE

E3!
+F,
nE
- 4,
q
\vZgzZ +F,**

r+F,
Vc*
+F,
+t Hn ~ 6X V ;g qzc ]ZZ uL L x **
$
vZ~ [ Z
yQ {z utF,9X u : q
-ZgzZ YY u Iq
-ZX g Zg'gz ukZ~ *X u
|Z <
ZX ZZa ~VyQ {zu ZuzgzZX B
bg6,e
$Z@ MgzZC[Vg\ M LZ ZZa ~V
X
C<
yQ6,
agzZa#gzZY
:
gzZ y
KZ g
Cy
KZ
hg
Ch! q gzZ e c*
C ]!*
g
X bg Z
C
e c*
CvZt !u[ Z
g
\vZ6,uq kZzz gzZ
nZzgzZ ~',
Z'
,!*
g ZC
n~
% ~
~
q t ZxX {)zZ h g
C} h
sVz9g;ZY Zz + VggzZV1 v{z 2~ uq kZ h0gzZ]!*
.
gtgzZX
4 sq
D[\ M LZ[E
LG
-ZOX Zz + V1vZgzZZz x e
$Z@ M Zz [\ M LZ
E
E
347 t yQgzZ sx?Z > }Zmz E
"dZ'
4E
5E
yZgzZX + dZ',
Z]| + z6,+  G
5G
,
Z]|WZ 7OkZ
X c*
g Z
V
Z}
.V
VrZ twq
B]gkZ #
uV;z xY| 7,\ M]Zg X
H**
g
CvZ7Z v
Z0Z L L dk
,
]|V-s~uz
k Q !*
}z"C
LZgzZ>% **
i ~A t\ Mg !*
g !*
V;zX
HHB**
iu M
uVMc*
OVyZ6,gZwq
- vZ} d.]|X ;gugzZ ;gz"B\vZ
VrZ ZZa utQ~x ZpX
HH $MVZu ZVzg ZD
~lZ 0*
uV;zXV; }g  Zw Z D
+
g Z {zgzZ H[ g Z
$E
~ V-X c*
g Z
g
C Z}
. d[]|VMV; V| `z0G
gzZ Z KZ ZegzZ n%tgzZX c*
}gZ
g
C Z}
. dk
,
]|
N N
 H0Zg kZ~A kZ VrZgzZ
F
F6,}oZ m1 Hut VM
myQgzZ Zg
/(Zgzq
-Zs
4
! X ]Zz~ e]L
L g~f]!*
tVX HwEZ L LayZgzZ c*
g Z
g
CTvZBs
# Z e*%0 gWG]|
kZ
7g
C
z{z
Z0
Z L L \ M }Xd
WgzZ\!*
{z7~gzgzZ
@*
C
gzZm e]L L~y!*
i
3 Zg LZ0
Z L LbZX Yc kZO Q } 7,
^O Q
c k QO S g^O S Z
!*
%

zmgzZ
E
!
4

45 zf 0Z L LX ;g Y`
G
X EG
ZZ a

B5 Zg
g
C 5Zg {z7tkZX
)Zz

58E
u~ ]Zg X {g 7Zg p DwEZ 0
Z L LaLZ~ Vs g
CL L d[]| @*
x _ gZ LG
**
Z

kZ bZX ;g>% z" g LZuq


-Z bZ
Cz"C
LZ[g Z **
i ~ Q **
ia
o!
-PG
g tvZ ]| Z Z
@*
lgz6,kZ
@*
Jm
yZz6,
gzZ *7m0*
d
WLZa\!*
 yxgd
WgzZ\ *
!
o!
-PG
 M Zg vL LV;z \!*
 M ZL LV\vZ ]| Q]!*
t~g Z**
ZX c*
g Z
d
Wk QV
KZgzZ\!*
 M w
gzZ
H \!*
 M
KZ x L
L
HwEZ 0Z L La LZ (exclusively)BS VrZ 7(ZX  \!*
V
gzZd
W~ zZgzZ  zZ Tsp L LX L L{z c*
V}okZ J(,
M V|pX6,
g{g 7Zs
]|VrZ}'!*
Vz ~}g !*
V|y M
yYtX 7nmgzZ c*
}g 7Z ~ L LX 
Vz
4
~}g !*
V-y M
pX ( 4:l Zz116:>Z ) ] # ] i$]:ZwyQX c*
g Z
# ] L gLzZ c*
gZ
# ] e]LL d gWG
X c*
g Z
V
Z}
.V
VrZ @*M~}g !*
[WgzZX c*
g Z
v
Z0
Z L L dk
,
]|VrZ c*
x ZZq
-Zs

: B $ ] # ] A u] # ] t Mz ~V Mg e~kZ
>g+F,
Y6,
q  mZ >g \ M [ Z
m :gkZgzZ0uq Z {z
@*
Vc*
{ c*
i
y* M V] c*
Mz ~y
MpX qx|gzZ
gzZX ekZ :gzZ g
CkZ :
V kZ : \!*
kZ :X u0*
!*
{zVg Tx X
H{z:gzZ k Q: L L C m
kZ
7~',
Z',
kZ
7hkZX
7 kZgzZ L L Du] ] $ m : {z
H
HHyx| kZQ
X 7 q kZgzZ 7kZ
7?
: [|Z
~ kZ Kg (Z [|Zg eu~ T
e
$ M Y ~(,
6,qu e
$ M ~y
M LZuZ g
qzlZ >gUg LZuZg '
c*
g
C: TavZpx v ( !
} Z )gzZ L L ] j$m p$] # v]
: ;gf~qglZ >gX ~z!*
y M
 Z
} (,
z M
gzZVZza
'gVztX C

E^e $ ] m$ ] ]] ti lf eF $ e ^ D] # ] i$] ]^ m$] m


"{z( Hwi **
4E
-E
5G
~KkZ k0*
yZX c*
g
CvZ tVMyQ,>XG
akZy M
t6,
V}LZ\vZ )gzZ L L
~
X ^{zgzZ
E
0!NyQ ]!*
~(,
X k0*
Y !*
MyZ:gzZ 7D
$E
t
gzZ } TgZ]g X ~qg ~y
M*%g>gZ @*
YV`z0G
}g7LZi Z0
+Ztz,\vZ6,
uq kZ
: Z
g ZX bz,vZV Y! l{z}Y
Fu$ ]; ] l ]& ^fr] % i ] % >i _$ jm lFF$ ] ;^i k];& ] ^nE jq j ] Fu$ ] i$] ]^
n] j$m$ ] Fu$ o fm ^ m]

gzZ]g Zg kZt Xgn e ~(,


gzZ ]g ~(,
)g]!*
~g ~(,q
-Z ?X 1 g
C g VrZ L L

CagVrZ6,] !*
g
kZ 7,
/
B}q
-Z h N gzZ }i 7,
OzzkZy M ( e
X g
C{z 7y
c*
tgqc*

gZ

zZX D YzZV]zZ { Z 0*
7p
]!*
{ ~(,
t? Hzz:y
c*
Xg.

e
$ M ~y
M~yZ
q zZX 7]gz zZ Z xga ~*ZgzZqx ZzgzZY
/ZXp CakZ~Z]gz
6,
gm{ 7 zZV; XD zg {zaZX gg Z
'
,
q
-Z ~~^ zZ ~ YkCt {z  X a gzZ
~[ZT FZ tYx **
yZ 73,
zZ yZ~
VvZwg
Hc*
X Y$
x **
Zg  {z73,
zZ X
:wi **
W,
Z >g
Cje ] ^E $ ] Bv] e A$] Fn_] $]
G
ayZ~Z ]gztX`Z zZ Z YYH7gt ]!*
Z
C
x G3OZ A Z
!*


Zp \vZ
~g \ ~(,
x Z >gX g
CCZ{z 7y
c*
tggzZ L L n] j$m$ ] Fu$ o fm ^:

Hc*

ZX  G
!Z &
+


: e
$M

( 102e
$ M ) fu^ $ i $ m o#] ] lFF$ ] me
? 7( ~) 0
+
iq
-kZ Y g
CkZX]
.}igzZV  M {zL L
kZ X 7g a+ ~avZt ]!*
pX } 7,' ~akZ ec*
CavZakZ
g
"q
Z x|Zuz #$
+X Zzz] x|q
-ZX q
pg~fx|Vz #$
+L LVX #^Z L L {z?Y zZ
?YV zZkZ 7~kZ
3 Z!*
~] Z f K Z
"{z gC
y
{z\vZVXq

^ Z Hw ?pb
d
WvZ p)
, V- gzZV|K 9"~f[Wy M
~ KkZ
( ]!*
~(,
t) L L( LZuZ) n ^n j $] o ^$^] F] i$] n f^e e% F ^] : Z
g ZX XV
X
]:
Hc*

~Z >g X gwy!*
iKZ]!*
~g ~(,
? G?1V
V
kZaLZpgzZb
d
Wg}gv
^ZZ?akZ X : )~(,
t?V
akZgzZd
Wa}g vH L L VpFn ]] i U oF% ] $ ]

hgV\vZ H L L x vi n ^ w n f] o kFf] o_]: 


V-~k# # ]>g]!*
X V

?g ?
HH?Bg (ZV
( aLZ )
:Z
gZ~xZ>gX7t~avZ~yZN2~]ZZu~~x ZZ
/
yY~KkZ

DMLM kmE fu^ $ i $ m o#] ] lFF$ ] me


& kZ
? 7( ~) 0
+
i LG
Y g
CkZX]
.}igzZV  M {zL L

$E
`z0G
LZutgzZ g (Z]g+F,
+{ c*
$
i
] ZZ uL LukZ~V|p
/ZyY]!*
t~}g !*
|
IG
I
"
45
45G
:t{zCY { c*
i~Y ZZ (Trinity)e~yQg Zg G
z ~V|p
God the Father, Mary the mother and Jesus the son.

X t
Z (,~kZgzZ !7w~ Z}
.q
-~: ZgV ?s*%]|~ekZgzZ[Z&V gzZ g
C\!*

:t{z
: { c*
i 
Zge [ZX |Zz+ ekZ~gzh
+]
.kS
God the Father, Jesus the son and the Holy Spirit (Ruh-ul-Qudus).

~avZ
HHav<
kZ tV&~gzZX
Hc*
w ?s*%]|~ekZX k;Z bzggzZ g
C\!*

{z
ZgV;V|e [ZOX @*
kC
o**
gzZ Z',f
KZtgzZ YvO Q6,g~g)f
KZYX Y<

X e k;Z bzggzZ g
C\!*
LL

'g~uz ]ZZ u
zy X  <
#
Zy*zy BV+F,
Vc*
gzZ +F,
<
Z: X  g Zg~ <
Z: {z  'g~uz ]ZZ u
g0
+Zu+F,
+ <
h
Z{zDg Z}u Z}
. <
Z{z~yZX<
Z t
7<
q
-Z ~Z
X <
#
: q
-Z
@*M6wZjZC
#
|$
+bZX ^
,6,
KazZ  <
Z{z~yZ@',
yZgzZ 2
I
p
/ZX,
C
yZ <
Z (Indo Chinese)yt bZX <
Z: xElbgzZxi Z @*
X <
: q
-Z
H Zzf

Hw$
+ s L L \ L L
Zz 2z
Zzf {z y >~ }g !*
|$
+?p M
h 7B

XyYyZF
gzZ'gzt u~<
Z: yZwqX ( DZv
Zz)
E
 Z]uzL L{o @*
YHL7kZp
/Z

zZ!L
L F,
kZ~g X @*
YHPantheism~~ m,
Z& {z^q
-Z

zZ! Z]uzc*
 g Z
s Z Z]uz
zZ!L L~**

vX {oe
$Z Y 5gzZa#Y V;}g 

X  g Z
s Z
VgVz yZ wL L! gzZ
@*
Y {o g @*
zR L L~ ~ygzZ Incarnation~~ m,
Z& {z^Vc*
~uz ]ZZ u
X @*
wEZa
E
i~ZtX H Pantheismc*
*Z}
. *Vzv~y*zyX cq
-Z z 0E
zZ!t[Z

(,Zz
ac*
c*
}

ac*
c*
~(,
-ZX @*M ~zuZ Z} gzZ Z}
q
.~wyZX *{ gzZ

kZX ,
Zt} Z}
.gzZ
*{ gzZ *Z}
.bZX I,qt T~{zgzZ 
"\ M
3I
} gzZ Z}
.{zX *bzggzZ *{ *Z}
. *Y Z& ;g yQ {oq
-Z {zkZX ' *Vze
$ E
G
pX e bq
-Z tgzZI y &c*
zZ
+Zi q
-Z Vi* {o Y O$ LtL X {z * bzgB
ZZa wDZ Z (,
tayZX 1wu VrZ[ Z
*Z}
.s } :gzZ **
* bzg: VM
Zz +
^q
-Z kZ ? M~z *t*bzg: *{ :
*zsgzZ7 Z
# akZ ?c*
* kZ Z}
.Q
^ 0*
s',
0*
s',[ Z Y00*
s'
,
X 1g J \zg ]kZ p Z}
. c*
M ~z {otgzZ ~g Z t VrZ
^]kZ Uzb
c*
~Z}
.~wyQ bZX s',\gzZ 0*
\t[Z X
H0\{z~v M \ M 0*
kZ[ZXg(Z
N N
gzZX 7x **
Z}
.{e[Z

HRe~^]kZ Z}
. 7;g[Z Z}
.tq
-ZXI
z }okZ[ZX g(Z
tV;VzyX ^q
-Zzb
Ztc*

zb
kZ ]tp
Z}
.p
/ZXg(Z^]kZzb
Z}
.t^~uz

I
}oZ]ZgtX{)z{)zZagV0*
kZgzZZz Za~G.nVzi!*
Zaa'
,
uZ}
.v!*
f]Zg
# gQ 1gJ\zg ]Z}
|
.Z
# akZX q:ZqC
[Z
_tg6,
U: }okZX *gxq
-Z
XA ~}iuy*zy\ Mu+F,
+
$
t ZxX{)z{)zZ}
.}hc} Q
Z}
.0
+e
Z}
.`gZ}
.

@*
YC
~^V
KZ Z}
.g (Zt^~uzq
-ZaZi ZwDZ {Za bkZ ~V Zz+ *Z}
.s
VZq
-ZXg @*
zRV; yZX g @*
zZZ}
.Y gzZ YgPx Zgq
- 4,
yZOX {o Incarnationc*
g @*
zRt X *
@Yw~y
KZq
-Z
Y w c*
Y 0g @*
zRgzZ ( Pantheism)
zZ! wqX M ~ {E
+ T 1
~ yZ V Zz y\ M LZ g @*
zZ
X Zg~<
Z:  ]g{z]ZZ u{o ( Incarnation)

xzaS6,
#
t
Q

~KkZX J
-ugzZ6,Rc*
M
/ZgzZX 7c*
c*
M V; }g u q kZB{ ^
,Y 0#
Qgt Vzqx yZ[ Z
RV {o q kZ z!*
Y
M k',{a ZxgzZaZ (,
6,#
QkZ \vZ kZ Z ZgzZ V @*
Z Z]vZ~
70*
kZ ~
Vwg LZ ggzZ]o#
QkZqX {7nq
-ZgzZaZ(,vZtX 7~
zZ
+R

G
V; x x ZX
Hc*
7Z}
.c*
C Z}
g
.~
VxZ z!*
kZXBwg LZV G34$Qwg}uz  ~g VY{zgzZ]ogzZ{z
ux ZstgzZD Y)gzZ]Zg 
ZnkZ Vg7u nm$ ;] o  V;Vz
yQgzZV;VgzZVkZz
'!*
kZX Y c*
g Z wq
-ZgzZ z q
-Z~ft p

/
6,TY : ZzgzZ s ]!*
 x Z L LX J
C :t}X 7~XVgzZVkZzVz

Z}
.

{z

Z 7,

F,
Z

X}g 7ZbkZgzZ,qZg kZtX Zg MI


q
-Ztg~fp? t
H~}og @*
zZgzZ~kZ \ M [ Z
C :5G
ggzZq
-Z bkZX y ~

6,
zZ

[
uS

/\ MgzZ 7Zz]!*
~X W v!*
fXg~Z ~
V!g XY {g [
gL L w L L ~ [L L[Z
ZgzZ{Zz{ZzVrZV{olp{ c*
i~VZzG
ggzZc*
hO Qf c*
ZawgzZzq
-ZtpX7 (ZY ,

c*
<
(Z (~Z
+RV
RV; }gp fm
yZz6,g0
+ZgZ xxZgzZY x'!*
bkZ X ~
G-8E
&
~
VxZ \vZ DtZgXB]tL m
ZgZ'
,
kZ~ZgzZ ~
VvZwg )A {7q
- 4,
}tgzZX 7J
-{g
Z
^ $ v ^ $]: M
ZzgiZ1)fp y M
\vZsq
-Z~xiZ]ttX 7:
KgzZs@0kZ\
M c*


&
~
VvZwg )As~uzgzZX ZzkZgzZHwi**
(y M
)ZtGL L(Z) I vF ^$] ]
Dq
-Z|gtXYc*
: g
C Z}
.}7Z N Y:
~
zVZ}
.}{zN Yb :g@*
zR}{zY: *,yZ 

X ZBhZ]|ntOgt |kZ\ M Z
#
zkQ\ M {iZ0
+Z{ c*
ikZXZ6,
VxZ
~
!s\vZ
- 4,
q
<
L IZ , zXNnzgq
-Z i Z ~
VvZwg hZ]|\ MO
Qq
-ZB~
Vx Z Z
]|
G
g p,n9nq
-ZV G34$QpX hZ]|QgzZ hy]|Q
h/]|Q
h1Z]|zg~
VxZ
X
Hc*
Z}
.7Zp 7g
C Z}
.gzZ Za Zz Z}
. hZ]| /G8F\ Mp nzgq
-Z i Z ~
VxZ hZ]|
w4Z}g7 Va[xli kZgzZ li ~q
-ZtX c*
Z~ v M {0
+
i~ lZ 0*
}o+F,
+kZ hZ]|V
$

X 7
c*
L L Zc*
L L{z ` %{ ~Y x V; }g X f(,7 M v M li %b !*
a kZX  ~ 3YB

x @*

@*
Y c*
Zg0
+Z* c*
q Z
m{q
-Z {t c*

@*M x ~ VzKaVc*
LZv
Z wg c*
L L&
c*
LL
bTnt : Z X @*
Zc*
L
L 7
c*
L L{z 4~ yZy{t !*
X {z
/V#*t gzZ 
V#Kt Y
X ZBhZ]|ZBd[]|

4
 CY 0*
xq
-ZBd gWG]|g0
+Z}g vL L:c*

~
VvZ wgDyhZ]|X g
$ut ~Z

c*
6,
x kZ7Z ZyZ g ( s~uz )gzZ o( ~g$
+
)6,
)H{ZzyZ 3gyQ ( sq
-Z )
4G
g
W
 Z kZ~ # yQ {z
/q
-ZgzZ c*
g
C Z}
.7Z kZ
H gkZ~]o d ]|{z
/q
-ZX N Zzt X 7x yQ
gzZ Za Zz Z}
. Z
]| ;gBhZ]|nX 1x J m
6,
7Z D 7,'LZgzZ c*
g Z
**
Zz( vZ f )7Z
G
G

5
X c*
L hZ]|y
H!*

q
-Z~4ZgzZ H ZZ
# ZzgzZ
( v!*
f) hZ]| ZZa 
{z `gZp
&
q kZ DSkZgzZxza\vZtX
H Z}
.:gzZ
H g
C Z}
.:~
VvZwg )Av:Z ~:kZ\ M [ Z
@*
Y 9z Z xgg0
+Zzu akZX  iu]w+ZJ
-u gzZ ~
$
+X Z 7Za V; }g w
C ]!*
9!*

X
F,

ui **

,Z

l
+m,
h
!*

V M

iZ
z

,
k
i
+M
h

GiG
4X3

[ Z

gzZ~th
A z@bz@} (,} (,
ce **
tZg X 7Lg~B; Z l
@*
YZa yi Z x~O
&A
~
VxZ u~ ]Z f KZX6,~
VvZ wg ) ]tgzZ  D sx9X : Zhzg 5ZggzZ: t }g ~ w8Z!*

BtZ} e {z M
h} 7zgtX 9{z} F,
Z 96,
kS  X6,
Kg
$ugzZy M
Y36,

!*
X
X: VY,bz@~(,
~(,

!*
X, gkZ gzZ,t{z 9]!*
 kZ
Y
yZ ct__
Hc*
? vZ~
Vx Z ~ ZgzZ]}og @*
z RJ
-u gzZ ~
V; }g wq
DIZX A 7q+ZV; Y fR
RV \ M Hn~ 6p __ M,~sf ]Z uL v
L Z
~Zu{zYo Z) Zg fy
KZ
/ZtZzX,]!*
gpVZdyZ {zgzZ yi Z g0
+Z]!*
yZ ,]!*
#
Z
X (Y

X  Zz g @*
zR gzZ
zZ ! {z  J
- x Z, kZ
H0 w Y Z V; }g {o  Z ]uz Z
# b Z
C : Q~kZV;}g
zZ!
{i

{i

&

g Zh
+y

{ i

&g
LE
{ i

p
La',

VM

VZzg

~gzZ {ic*
@',{z Zuz Zz @',pq
-ZX I,q&t ,z[ZX @*
Y M ~ z@'
,q5q
-Z @*
Jm
6,6kZ Zz @'
,
pQX ; g8 [Z~} ikZ pZz@',
{z[ZX q
-Z 7&t~ZzgkZpX c*
M~z@',
TZg c*
{zq
(Z} MgzZ
D Z^F,

Z ~
t, zX
zZ!k Qt 
Zg tX
H| (,
MgzZ Zh kZQgzZ Zh
+y

kZ0gZh
+y
kZ
i **

VM

]uz
M',

g c*
!

VM

I
0*g8F
g
V

C :
HJ
-V~ZX @*
Yx M H
G
0',
g

VM
V

M
y

# ^$] )X
H0V[8gzZ
HM p~* ( Z}
.) {z~^~
Vx Zg y
MgzZp{zZzwi **
y M
JhzZ pk Q{ ]L
( = q] n] ^$]
aZ!VVV]!*
p
Zz~]
.zgzZ ~g\ p
/Z ~
X]ZgbVzg@*
zZgzZ
zZ!~kZ [Z
~
V]|pXM
h7Z Z hpkZ\ M A
$N Y DpvZ\ M !g!*
zl!*
: Z- Z}
.!*
L L:]!*
~g\ ~(,
:}7,
I!~KkZXnZ ZhckZgzZ] \vZ7eay
KZX}7,
xgagzZo ZDp
j $ u ^ ^ i ;^f $ u ^f ^
X hkZ An7qc~gzZ h~ A7~!g} Z L L
7` M Vz{zg LZizgk Q~gzZ ~B; }Z} ~0
+
zZ}
.!*
g Z
#~
 Zyizg#
D 
~
VxZ
tcgzZ c CakZX Y
Z zgi ZXg D F,
]Yg g C F,
~ kZ 7I M(q
-Z ~
E
G
gwi o~0
+
zZ}
.
L cX
4
) C
a\ M
) Zz MC
gzZ L L( Z ) D oF ] $ n F : M

thL L C7Z ZkZ QB\vZ\ MO!kZ Z3Tg\ M AX g]Yg


Z 
X6,g J g Zxy
KZVt Z] ! Zgx
Z $',
{gg Z hI4XL LX xgg Z~A ~
Vx ZpX Z: Z Z h
tX
Hc*
g
C Z}
. d*%0Z}]|
Hc*
g
C Z}
. dk
,
]| 0tX z :
/
0~+ LZ L LDMSMV^]E m; o ]i :
C
V; }g s x x ZgzZY xtZzgzZX ]gzo Z ~ yY zgzZ p b ~
Vx Z OX 0]ogzZ
X
H3gpo ZkZv:Z~Z
+RV
R

[ ZD~
,

G
&
EB+t~0
~ [Z ~C
 gzZ ,q z~ kZp Zq~
VvZ wg )A SLE
+
zZ}
. 4 Z 6,gm!*
~ KkZ
E8t ~[Z ~C
tX=g f kZt `n y M
LE
p)
f \vZgzZ\vZ :
L Z y M
 \ MX 

p~VlDIZ ]c*
M Wt L L DPUVlf]E ] ]i] m$] o kF n e kFm! e
7~V1sy M

~ ZV[ZgzZ
Zv~J
g}uzJ
gq
-ZtgzZ
5y!*
i ~uz y!*
iq
-Z y M
X ~]Y Z
X 
E
G
!*
T
~[Z ~C
y M

L Zg t X @*
Y H{ i @*
~T x zZ F,
gzZ ug MZypgQX x Z
G
4hI!Zg~
5qV Mg
t~Z
H{z6,Qq
-Z\
M G
H3g7Zzg{zB\
M 5D~
Vx Z bZX 
g ~0
+
zZ}
.
LG
G
4hI!
c*
M ~V ZcZy*tOY~*y M
X HVc*
e
$ ~
VxZ y M
t:
L ~[Z ~C
kZp
Z
LG
:Z 
g Z(q
-ZX

t
DMMLV`]E u]$ F] F] $] o$ ] ouFm % >e ^] $]
X
Z}
.q
-Z'Z}
.Zgv CYkzs~6?Vy
KZq
-Z ~v ( !
} Z)L L
gX Cqz L%
L Z]c*
Mzz ~y
M VzyZNq
-ZaDIZ~yZ 'gVZza
z l Z >ggzZLZuZg

:c*

X y \vZ~e
$ M ~y
M LZuZ
G]nfi f % ] o' $ m ] o mE $ m $ ] j$m p$] # v]

z kZ gz${z:gzZ q
- kZ~ 
!*
: c*
g
C: T avZ kZpx  ( !
} Z )gzZ L L
X Z (,
ZgwzyZ (,
kZgzZ
X Yc*
Z
/
k Q\vZ}Z I

HHVc*
[p 
\vZ6,
x kS
~]t ]g~uzgzZ Y H Z9~<] Z
/
<gk Q\vZt ]gX 'gz uakZ
]g~uz
a
K a
]gue
$ M ~y
M LZuZ g X 7e]g~{zyZX Yc*
'
,
Z',
Z}
. VZ
t
DMMLV`]E
u]$ F] F] $] o$ ] ouFm % >e ^] $] :p Z,!*
e
$ M ~y
M l Z >g K
V Ug a}g wgvZ\ M
/ZK]Z7 ~
VxZ [WZ
# X c*
M (gzZq
-Z~LZuZ gy*
$ ] k oe ^ v f :
Hc*
Z[ZtV!*
yZ N 3| m

6,
y M c*
Y0q
-Z c*
Yg r !*
-Z c*
q
Y M',
*q
-Z6,
Z}
.~
/Z DA
$_t?X

H5 wg&Vy
KZq
-Zs~g gz6,
Z u0*
( !
} Z ) L L o $ ] >e

g_}g v@*
H Z}
.gzZ: Z ~
/ZX 9
L o} CY?gzZ]oX H7 Z}
.~X @*
H
t ]!*
X z? 9
L oZZVgq
-Z~ Hq
-Zs~
3 Z}
. 3t
X HVc*
e
$~
Vx Zy M

W~Zc"} (,
6,5#LZ~k
,
KZr
# dZ;{ Zir
# +i ~w',
g !*
-ZVz7Zzq
q
-Z~V
7! c*
7,7y M
H ? BIYgzZ0*
?H L L: g 5#t V[gzZLZ VrZX MI=
X [ Z t :^gz:Vc*
{ c*
ie
$ ~
V\ M ?tsX ~
VxZy M
 Y[p ? Y
t ;gVc*
e
$ ~
VxZ
!bTy M
wq !yY!*
Z Dg 7ZZ ? Z
/Zx **
Zz}g vakZ
gzZkZOX[!*
O]T i
]gzkZ it Z] v] m nv] Xzz
Xce**
7
/
n Z OuExOuE%ZX **
C
ykZ
=T ! 
]nyQ \vZX V@*
Zz +} (, q
-Z}uzq
-Z%ax **
6,gwV Z OuExOuEZ\ M ~

~ T
gk
,
B6,~
V#Z ]~ ! r
# { z X Le
87x **
kZ W6,TgzZ ]!*
x **
kZ d
7
vZg L gLzZ ]|L L}Bx **
~jx Z/~k
,
~g7}vZ k QtZzXb)%ZgzZ ]

?ZDZg v
HV ! gO S gzZ {0
+
iy!}g Z L L(F,
zg Z ) :VrZ~i Z0
+Z: #mLZ c*
ZzyZgZ
# gzZX
ZDtt ]!*
X 7X N M6,i]5yZt:gzXn?gq
-ZgzZ i Z0
+Zq
-Z Zv Mt
X HVc*
e
$~
Vx Zy M
 kZzZ(,
~kZ ~
VvZwg
~
Vx Z !
6,V;z c*
MykZ Za z Zg f }
/ZX HVc*
e
$KZ ~
VxZ ]!*
~uz ,@*
Z
H7IZaLZ ~
VxZ pX WkZt D Y} 9\ M M vg )
,X 7]!*
~(, **
} 9 }X c*
uI Ug
Ug \
M6,
kZX e\
MgzZ evZ kE ^ # ] E ^L L: p Zt~Wy!*
i!
q
-ZX zgkZ/
\
M
: Z
g Z(q
-Z~y M
X Z0
+R L LTHwEZ L L\
M V ?c*
.
O$vZ=?H L LDD[]& # o j q]EE:c*
uI
vtQgzZ
@*
.
O$k QhgvZ {z~VgzZ L L DMRQVf]E # ] g v f%vm% ];]] # ] ; j$m$ ^$]
&LvZ=? HwEZ J Z~
t~w 0G
0_Iq!
yZC
q ?c*
( .
) OE
Vx Z X DvZ yZ
V\ M X vZs!akZX c*
~
uI \
M Z$
M ~f ^]Zz)gzZ Y Za z]tyQapX $
7]!*
t
g(Z\ Mt)eTM
h}7e
$Z@\ M ( !
} Z ) L L( 56:7Z ) >m$ pm # ] $ F kffu] pi $] :ty

X
LeT e
$Z@vZ ( 7~
G"
4$
M ]!*
G3E
\
M }
/Z
HHVc*
e
$ ~
VxZ s:~y M
X c(sensitive)k Zg f {zV G
~
yM
al
/kZgzZ 

/
gzZ I \
M \vZ ( B
b y!*
i DwEZp Z, Z ) ua c*
~T
&
4gOX ~
:Z 
g Z~ E
VvZwg )A
/
tg _7,
Qx x  @*
c*
zb

F p#
i k^ E oFj] ^$ ] D pF] j $ $ m ] Co# $ m $ mm ^ BoF ]

q ] A o#i
f

L E Ki ^$] ? $ Jo# i k^ Io>Fm HoFm q ^$ ] Go# $ m $ ] n ^

{Z
+Z @*
~
.Z {z c*
@*
qPH,{zh
+
x H\ M X J0
+Z q
-Z c*
M k0*
yZa kZ 1 hgzZ J m
~gZ L L
\ MgzZ ? ~g Z)f HkZ6,\ M }: q H,
{z
/ZqX Dz\ M skZ ; g{C
bY =Z 
X C
X}
~
.Z ; c*
kZ e :X ; c*
-Z t7
q
/
X g]'
C
,
Z"kZ\ M g0
+ZkZgzZ c*
Mhzk0*
`- X}g6,TD{uh N {z~~
V\ Mq
/ ~
VvZwg6,
T~fZz uQ zbZ
G
]|ZzgB\
M b { i Z0
+ZX 7Bg VYZX g q0h
+i
yA ZX CC
[p~
G
L .'t~
p ZZz F| (,q
-Z q
-Z g V` K
D }L Z Y ZZ \
M X 7{Z_ \
M ~ `^h1Z
M$Me \
M
/Z
Hc*
g (Z \
M
z k QpX y .
**
{z c*
:
K K \
M bT V!*
zZt Ze6,kZXK wEZ
G
X 7g a% y!*
i$
+~
G
L .'{z N Y0)uyZZzg`gzZ} Z~: MVzh N Vz yZw(Z
n f q ]f ^ # ] pm nEE:
H]ty!*
i~uQ zp!}}e
$Z@VY{ M yZ \vZ=H Z 
g Zg!*
i
+
G
pX {q
-Zt G3BE:e
$Z@yZ !vZ} Z7$
+tq !c*
8
-gyp}n LZT}e
$Z@vZx k Q L L DD[$ ^ e

HgzZe
$Z@) 7g (Z ~B;\ M ( !} Z ) L L DMNTV] E e m ] n hjm ] oE ]
n :
/
6,
kZ

X ~B; }g
7~B; \ M !
} ZtX } [ Z6,yQ e
/ZgzZ }wJ/yQ e {z ( ~B; vZgu

)f}g Q
**
M^
yZs~g GL L Z e^u ^n $ ] $ $ Y e^m] ^n ] $ ] XZj}g x ZyZgzZx CZ\ M
[ ~
\vZZ 6
z 0{ Y g Z)f { c*
i
 8E
0I
! q}g7 kZ |kZ g @*
gzZ X [ yZ

0{Zzw$
+~ V ~uQ z~[ Z L X
g Zq
-Z~Vzg ZvZ {L LDD # ] n n ^ EE:c*
Z

&
G
,ZX H!*

L .7 HVc*
V!*
yZ y M
wqX c*


~Vzg VY~
VvZwg )A 7Z\vZ~p
6z
CZ9y!*
i ~g gzZ C M 7DF,
X `wH ':~y M
,qt
/ZC M ]!*
t~w~g Dg
/
]
: 
g Z(q
-ZX

^nE n] i l$ Fjf$$ ] Un i$$ ]] n ^n pjj n] ^nu] p$] j n ];^ ]


Dn]] oeE V
F n
]!*
sKZ6,x **
}g \ M @*
wi **
s\ M  kz kZ , f\ MkZ9g vt ( !
} Z )gzZ L L
X D Yb ~Zg syZ \ M n
pg: )V 0*
\ M
/ZgzZX f
e
z CZ\ M itA
$gzZ N{

: Z{6,
kZQ~e
$ M ZgzZ
W]n ^n ri $ $ ^] Fnv] F$ ]]
X M:(ZzZrgzZ)gaLZ~}g\ MQ]Zw~C
zgzZ *Zw~C
z\ M i@*
Y(Z
/ZL L
&A
X wggzZ\
M X s gzZu0*
l M ub Q, ~
VvZwg ) z!*
Y
M k',{at**
Cwq
5\
: y|~(,
X~kZX ggzZLE
MX  gzZf\
M
$ i ] h' h% $ ]
o # i ] f f ]
X YV6,
x H{z{Zp {{gzZ

wZz4,
H{z e gg L L
X g7~ i~]ogzZB~
V LZ~#
QkZq
i q
Ztz!*
g
/k'
,
{a
G-8E
G
G
4hI!gzZ ~0
~
VxZ !
y M t ~ ~C
ZkZpX ]tL itgzZ
~ m,
Z
LG
+
zZ}
.
L .7t wq
6,
kZ Y$Zz T yDg (Z ~x Z/}
/Z~
V\ Mt}uzX HVc*
ZgzZ c*
gzi6,e
$
"Y {zp
J s\vZ6,k Q C
LE
/Z C ua c*
~
V\ M ~T',}Vt }gzZX 
, \
M
E
kZX @*
74+
M~akZX +F,
Vzi L LatVzs
# za[!*
O]%~VX C
/
:
K]zZp
O QO S :
K
 C7t +
M kZ
CZ :
K
K[ ZX **
Y
KL L wEZ Vc*

"Y C X C C7+

LE
M ^~ t ]!*
~uzXnC
!*
!*
+
MgzZ} Zg ZkZtgzZX @*
Y
E
4gX C7~L E
~
Vx Z X 3 Zga#
Z + aV+nZg tg7 Zz E
C~
E"Y
\
MzzX Y'
,
Z'
,
Vzg ZD
{z @*M yZZ q
-Z
/Z ~yZ Vz] ZZgzZzsVzg ZugzZV-OayZ ;e
E
{z  q
-Z ~ yZ Y\
MakZ !} 
=xsZgzq
-Z ~[ BZ0/c*
x 0z/ !g gz6
,
 g ,
Kg,
K
&A
M CZ f KZ ( vZ f )~
VvZ wg ) kZ a+ n Zg t X e
$+ M yZZ q
-Z X '
,
Z'
,
q
-Z
Mv
Z f ) { : w\
M s
z yZ 7akZ]Z ZsVz(
,
yZX 7J (
,
2zgCZ f KZ 7[

N M yZZvW,
Z !*
P, Z
/Z ;e \
M X0~VI 0*
_ aV yZgzZa~4+ t ( vZ f
X qe
$gzZ] yZ A Zg 7Z A gyZ
tgzZXg i q
Z~e
$gzZ
M 1g zzkZ|gt @*
,[ Z0
'
+ZJgzZ HVc*
bTVzqyZ y M
wq
;L
L yY Z0~]oY 5gzZvZY 1zZ
/ZV; }gt!*
X gg Z
',
z!*
Yg
/w{av:Z Mv
:Zwq]g
&A
} (,
c
} (,
} (,!!*
?YYx zZyZ gzZ c*

y y M
tx ~
VvZwg )
/Zt Z] V 0*

~V 0*

&
}g X 7|yZ { c*
i yZ V}g *t `g, Zt ~
VvZ wg )A x vZY 1zZ} (,} (,
gzZY 5} (,
E
~kZ$
+X g (Z
t~y LLZ VkZzgzZVY ZY x c*
C~Z{z% V;
\ M X
Hc*
Za x Z Z}
. [uS %L L~ kZgzZ
HM (Pantheism)
zZ!gzZ
HM {o (Incarnation)g @*
zR
uL L~
zZ
+R
R0#
QkZ z!*
Y
M k'
,{a Z Z]vZgzZg~ D 3ZVzq ~g yZ
X ZaZ
+g @*
zZgzZ
zZ!:gzZ
Hc*
g Z
egzZ g
C Z}
.c*
Z}
.: X 7'gVzt ]ZZ

zg0J5k!

'
4)E
qzc ]Z uL Ln~uz uG
ZX _c ]ZZ uL LnuZjulZv:Z
&A
c*
\
MX g L gLzZ e
$L L ~
VvZwg ) {zX Zq q Z 4,
zcIXq
-ZV;}g X VLe**
]!*
6,bdZq
-Z~
wg {z
/q
-ZX @*
g Z z,gzZlzy

zl ~XC,k
,
g ZVZ
CW6,
ZZ9zZ~yZDHI6,
R ZXg

x
/
g Zi !*
}IgzZ}oT @*
gzi{ c*
i6,
]mZe
$gzZ +
M Zg\
M {z
/ZuzgzZ6,
]mZ+
M ZggzZ e
$ ~
VvZ
I
M

_
5 gzZ y@*
]!*
zz Vzk
,
G
~ekZX 7U q Z 4,
~XkZt |pX @*
Y Za q Z 4,
-ZgzZ @*
q
Y
X CYf(
,
gzZ] !*
~
gzZ C
V7 '!*
VzX7g\
M
g It:gzZg7~
V\ M
g It:~A ~
Vx Z  yY
kZg0
+Zy
KZC
X y
KZC
gzZ \ MgzZ Z 7 ~
VvZwgsntgzZXggzZ
z \
Mt|Z 
E
yDg ~kZ
O g @*
~kZX )Ng ZZ KZ {zX }ikS  Z !
{{zX z ZL LkZq
-ZX {z z
t
LZ~gzZ L L( 53:-) % ^e ^$
$] $ ] o e] :p Zd-]|~y M
X y~ Z'
,
~kZ

X bzg Lz
L Zuz zkZ
7x **
zZ
!{gzZkS y
KZpX
@*
g Q6,
Z'
,
GV; g7]Y Z'
,

E
$
~p
zZ
**

~g
0G
0
+
i

,
k
i

7?5{zXZzpg|Zg
7gzZ { bzg {zgzZX Y~ yQ ~0
+
zZ}
. zgq Zz dx Mw Z
KZ
E
C :wD ZX Zg
7 )NgzZ {bzg7? Z
!{bzg H Z ~g5X5
V

u{
uZg Z

E
L 8

i
Z3,

zf

LZ~Z uZg ZX **
T7Z KZ c*
k Q
/Z |KZ y
KZ ! ~]**
Z **
ggzZ ) 7
79 KZj

zZtkZq
-Z {z zkZt|y
KZ X Se iKZ
SegCZp zg
**
kCC
!*

E
N
jm$ ]^:c*

V
\vZX Z
!Zg zqzg kZq
-ZgzZX s{ k
HgzZy~kZX Z
!)
Z
!{
t kZ **
7,
/VY~bzgKZ~kZgzZVgZ( dx M )Z~Z

# :L L ( Z ) c mrF ] o u% n k
X sKZp\vZ bzgVX ~
}>

E8g L LpX ~y
X c*
Z @*
Uq
-ZX 7'
,
Z'
,
g
t Z] j0
+
i 0: A
$Z%LE
KZq
-ZC
KZg{z Zg t

*y M  @*
{ c*
igkZg{z
[Ug ]kZX ~Zgxzng{z YbkZ+
M kZ6,
M ZgkZ
+
u ( s gzZs Zg ] ) L LDOQV]E oF ^ i om ^jm ;^m: yV- kZ
p Z7i M kzZX ~, h & 1Z]|g{zt X zg6,
zgX:J
-Zgv MZ e
[@*
"Z

E
\I
G
g I
LG3{B ~
Vx Z ~kZ[ZX @*
]g0
+ZfY m
CZgzZx ,ZXg Z Z Zg0
+ZyZ
E
!
X 7~
VxZY
/Z~ W - kZX c*
xzn!*
+
M  z {kZ Z +
M Zg\
M +F,
a
y
KZ ] z ~
V\ M !}g Zye
$\
M X ggzZ
z ~
VxZ X 9
z ,qVzt
Z Z6,\
M ~ `X ;gl
/
gzZ K e
$Zu~z\ M yp
KZ zXV 0*
zgzZB; z z \
M X C] z
zZV;\
MgzZ ~ 
~
V\ M bZX N*
g{g Z yp 6,
ug In\
Mg Zzg ZZ
# ~uQ ZyX gyp~Vi
X qZ c ` M ~ : *6,{ gz kS |g +
M Zg\
M !:
/
+
C
M Zg ~
VxZ z!*

kZpX
@*
kC[sD f6,y!*
i kZ c*

G*!*
c*
: Z]
.kZgzZ| bzg 1Z6,
V~f LZ: *6,{
C :~ !*
M[Z Zw X
~
!~

kS

Z}
.

$g
2
x **

Vg


[ZC
!*
gkZ} ],
Z]c*
gzZ}g ,qt ? z {e bzg ? D]!*
bzg ? D'!*
+
M qzg
X g+
M ZgakZ y
KZZZ zkZ LZX x **
 zZZ'y
KZB
`gt+
M ^gzZVk
H@',
kZgzZ @*
Z~+
M ZgkZgzZyZZ
KZg Zg  YYV-]!*
kZ
:ty
yZZIZy k Q
H5uZy(z~*Z >ggzZh
+!Z >g~y M
X @*
Y

F ^n m F F ] ^j vi pri k# q n] :F>e ^m^e mm] ne oFm kF + ] n + ] pi m


Dmv]E Ln] ]
]g t
K` M ( Y yQ )X ;g hz +
$Y N ZyQgzZ M MyQg yQBVggzZVz%\ M y k Q L L
X ! x ~(,
Xg{z~yZ g,1nX]!*
,Za}g v
:
Hc*

~}g !*
oo M

t
( 13e
$ M ) ] ]j^ o ] q] n % fj ^] ]! m$ kF F] F] m m
Zg f )d s~g Zg f :, + Z yZZ IZ {z t ( N Y r Zl
~* )wq VggzZVz%oy k Q L L
X M^gkZgzZ ( Y:Zz~* Y
/Z )s Y^ YX ,{ .Zg}gv @*
( z
: ~*Z >g

Hm oE oF $] ^ ] ^ ^ i] ^e$ m ^m ^e mm ] ne oFm
g
/
g gzZ} a}g g Zg !g}g } Z :Vg{zgzZ ;g hz +
$Y N ZyZgzZ M MyQg yQ L L
X
rg]g6,
qC
G 

 gkSg gzZ Yzg MVkZskZ Z'g y#


 Z
/

gZ ~
VxZ~}g !*
gkZ
gt y#
gzZX zg M MV kZ' Z hg izg k QX J
-Y 3 {gzg kZ
T { c*
iizgk Qg X M
hVJ
- Z%2y
H !*
\ M T C ag N*
-Z~}0
q
+ZakZX
HT
&A
E8tX YVZl
z ~

VvZwgX*
@YZg~fV!*
yS!gg ~
VvZwg ) ~kZXA
$Z%LE
C

yZ~Vo~ggzZ Z!
{z~ q
-ZgzZ Z!
~gzqzgq
-Z ZgX
ngzZX g L gLzZ
LL
X g+
M kZ
H Z+
M ZgkZ6,
M gzZ
+
Hxzng M
, Z6,
gkZ+
M X` ZZVz

:c*


g Z ~
VxZbkZ~zg~
tg
$u|Z
$ ] o ^m ^ n o ^] # ] $ ] $ ] p^m$]EE V^ [ # ] ^m ^m$] V ]^ DD r] m e $ ] u] ^EE
DDne
?\
M H !wgvZ} Z :Hc*
g ( ~(,
) x Z/X

Hc*
,
$: y-q
-Z {Z_T7(Z ~?L L
X 7{gtgzZ>Z={z[ZX1yZ~ 
~~kZ\vZ1 ~V;L L:c*

\
M
$ \
M X g0
+Z~
VvZwg!{zwqX i Z0
+Zq
-Z ]!*
~
VvZwgt
@*
~
VkZ uX 3ug IE
L E
~uQ bZX \
MgzZ ~g >
6,\
M yp{ c*
iZ
# zz Z~`X C~g >
6,\
Mzz uX
kZ M M~V\ M \
M ZwZZ
# Z',Z]|} Z~
V\ MX l" \
MgzZ ~g >
6,\
Mzz yp{ c*
i
gzC Z}
.( vZ f ) ~
V\ M LzzVzqyZpXwzx ~,\
M ]!*
.z] ZgzZ]**
_
~zZ
KZa
X mZ7s %\vZ\
Mq 1gkZ6,
AU*MgzZV~x \
MX Z7e

gg @*
zR~V
4$~
M
[ZX 1
~yQV Zz y\ M LZg @*
zRVZq
-Z
g @*
zRV; Vzy H{g 
Zs]!*
kZ G
/
wyZXZz + V Z {g !*
 ~z Z L L{zszc V; }g X 
%Zg ! yY,Zg f ]!*
kZ
E
G
E
M
bX D B
ZL 
L {ec 
q
-Z6,
x ZzXN M {g!*
z~g OZyQ{zgzZD BY34$ Z T
$x Z,g !*
~
ZX Z c 
V Zz ZyS yZ
} Z} (,
t Qx Z  Zp u
ZL gLzZ ~z Z L L x Z

HwZ X+ZC
X T
$x Z,z32yZX D B }
C
1L LV; }g {zc 
q
-ZX I
z^ M V Zz
yZ ._yZX  Z L L c 
~uz ZX D BZ D B7x Zt X ZIyZ Tg~  +Zy; '
,
gzZ
X  x9x ZtX q ZyZy{ M *6,
zkS X ;g^B#

Z 7T
$x Z

G
GG3G
5Z)g fZvgzZ ( 1) ~g Zz!+Z c
g (Z i
L . 7t aVz ] yZ ~~ y*zy Z
# ]
}g vg@*
zR t VrZ
g @*
zRzyX Y0]!*
zh}oLZ Zg f BVzoyZ Z 7x y M **
yVzya
!*
{ot Incarnationc*
g @*
zRX @*
Y**
hZ]|g @*
zRVZ g @*
zR L L~<
kZX hZ]|{zgzZ c*
MgzZq
-Zg @*
zRVZgzZ
X 
~Z
+yZ6,
g
tkZgzZ Y ~ + c*
xsZ
/Z ] !*
X ~=<6,
C
V ZzyZZ6 ~y*zy HtyZx Zuz
6,?<YtZ
/ZpX d[pi k 4Z~xsZ {z
,7,pg } izgM,7,7,,i 0*
x
{g !{z sVk
H}gvy ( d) []|' w0*
X Yy M x [ZakZ
7,?'7
Zc6,yZZ
+:  V; yZOXk[ ZgzZ 3k
,
e 7{x Zwz w'gzZ 71 <6,
zZ}g v
NY
o!
-PG
X bv M k|Zzw0*
bkZ X c*
h<
LZ}okZ}g Z
g
C Z}
. ]|gzZ eKZ Tg
' 7,KyZ X 7 {)z { izg i V; VE{ M }g ZX ~ }g Z
=< H VZ Z ~ y*zy x
!*
X
/
%q
-Z `yZ: {
) ) X D 3{)z**
3BgzZ
M {zV w0*
agzZVwyZgzZD{
))
{z 7local converts{zakZX<V;yZ  !*
M  Z~wZ gzZ {E}g %ZX=yQ<t
GG3G
5 Z V ~{)zh ZzgzZ X M yZk
( v!*
f) hZ]|}uzgzZ=< q
-Z~kZ wJ
,
Z
X
Hc*
hBkZZ hZ]|g @*
zRVZQ
g YZ7g @*
zR~y*zyX g @*
zR,\vZ

]Z u
uL Ln~uz u =vZ [Z X qJ
-u ] ZZ uL Lnu ZjulZ v:Z
~(,YV 0*
~ kZgzZ dgzZq
-g !*
Zg fXt yYt6,gZZ~}g !*
]Z uX Di M c ]Z
{ {zDwEZp Z
6,g(Adjectives and attributes)]
) !*
Z y!*
i ~g tzz kZX wZ M
-4E
&
IE
~
Z}
.
]  X DwEZatzgzZDwEZa\vZp Z zX uG.n. G
tgzZ
tgzZvZ u ]L L bZX ~\ MgzZ~ ~
]kZ ~
\vZ
Hu
zL Lzq
-Z bkZX
\ M

aVzgzZ n o e : M
Zzgi Z
avZwEZ L LX {0
+
i{)z0*
at{0
+
i{0
+
i\vZX
E
E
G
^$] avZgzZ
{ Zg ZtZL
L @*
wEZ aVz { Zg Z L LX+ ID
L r
D L L~V
KZ
: p Zty!*
iw
g!
!X tgzZvZ u !L LbZX ( ?Fm)d n m$ ] ^ n (]] ]] ]
w
g!
!yZq Y<
ukZakZ c*
uIyQ~
VxZ ( !\
M
gzZ!vZ
) k ^ # ] ^ ^L L
] gzZa\vZ {zX tgzZ{u
{zp Za]X 7]!*
+Z v
Z f ~+
M
p ZyZ~x|Tx|k Q Z!*
x|yZ @*
avZwEZ p ZyS Z
# qX @*
ZawZ Zg tgzZ YZgzZ a
X Z]
.x| uX @*
a]wEZ

g X] Z u
g:-~fgzZg:O$
/Z ,q&X Z]
.b~ pzx|
z!*
up Z]V
KZgzZ \vZt [ Z
gzZ _ q
z ( ]])vZ *]kZgzZ *
z \vZt qX Y Za wZg gzZ { Zg Z u
G
gzZ *bzg *vZ {oV Zzpgt Y O$ L LX **
*VrZ Z}
.}g
/u} (,
} (,

X _ q]
h_zu
!*

vZs*t *{ gzZ *Z}


. **
*Vz De
$g Zgf VX *{
X Q
7
Z gzZ X lp
pi Z \vZX ]gzZ
zvZ CZ f ]gzZ CZ f
zvZtq~uz

z]]XvZ f Mv
Z f c*
7gzZ DkZ 7{ gzZ CZ f ]kZ bZXvZ f Mv
Z f 7Zz
z
C :
w X H
z
vZ

KZ

,
:

]
:

KZ
E
X vZ
7CZf
]]]bZX;ekQX~0
+
zZ}
.L'Z
~0
+
zZ}
.0}G3
~0
+
zZ}
.ZgZ']gzZ,t
t wo L L~y!*
i! X z]gzZz
z ( ]])vZ ]gzZ ]Z f vZtq~
vZ X Y c*
Zi M b ]g t:L LX **
Z E
O.( e
$.gzZzu **
p
**
{" ~ Zi M T }
y]\vZX The Absolute BeingL L: @*
Y \vZ~ ~ m,ZX Z ZgzZzzu p
]gzZ
z \
N
6,
qC
{zL L 5 m o oF :gzZ X ZzpgDqC
{zL L 5 n o e :f
e{C~Z L Lq
-Za
X
Zzpg]g

*zc*
{z\vZ(1)g-~f]Zg&!*
{gY1 c*
zg a\vZZ
# yYZjkZ
zZ
# @'
,!*
kZX7e
$.z O7}~ kZ
p
gzZ{z(3)gzZX7{
CZf {z (2)X7<
_zu~ kZ

zkZ
_q{zkZ ,z _qpq{zgp]Zg&tV;zB1zc*
g a~]
~u M~A]gO$
zC

/Z]ZgVtXzkZ ,zz
zkZgzZ kZ ,z
}(,
Y1kZX]!*
Zz!*
bg}rZtXY3Zg ]
Z uLL 3^~~yZ
/ZpX7_C
XN YT{z}7,
@*
}(,
}(,

VZ
+ V;}gT{zc*
tXN YDi}-gzZb)}(,

uZ (,

h
+]
.z
4$M~}g !*
XTvZX V ~',!*
kZ~ Y7~}g !*
LZ G
TY 1Z u Z (,
gz kS
[ Z
*$q
-ZgzZ wq
-Zt q
-Z~ZX u 46,{ L L{z ? Hu{zX 7]!*
'y
KZ kZ%=vZ:gz Y ${z
E
] {  t {z gzZ
g (Z w
/
%gzZ g"} (, q
-Z a
KZ L ,
q
-Z kZ M ~ gz kS p ;g ~
3!} ]t C7~pL~yZ (immutable)w)Z x (Properties of the matter)
A2Z gzZ7EE

N{gzgz b Z
gzZ ~ \Y kZ6,V~f Z
# gzZ ZkgzZ { X=\I
# X D7spL (Laws of the Nature)

7]g C Mg z',
Z x]} 
H
k~V~f}g tA
$ c*
[%gzZ]ky
KZ]Z
3!kZ} 
vZ ]X ] Z f \vZ ZV c*
6,x k Q} ` M  c*
X ]Z!*
x(KZ {z Y EE
LL L # ] $] $ * n v] o ^ : DzaLZ g Z X m$
+7L
kZ y ZgzZx\

% gzZ
vZ !a}} Z L L Mn 9] $ ] # ^e 9i o$ f Fm:gd
WLZy%]|X 7ZvZ LI
X ( Z **
~(,
gzZ )Z (,
uG!nrn: uB
v M X evZZ
# Mg z',
z QgzZ {<z \vZ
7CZ f kZt p
| G
& ~v <Xt |Z
4$
M 7|B; vZv
c*
N~v M VZ dZ',
Z VI$
+[ Za ~v M G
Z f
<z
x ZX 77
/Z yf S vZZ
#
z Qv MX ,@*
yf S vZ 7xgzZ CZ fzv MXvZ f !Vz H~[ Z
G
4hI!,@*
ac*
g 2Z
 Z (,
gzZyf S Z (,
~kZ gz ZZ


2IEX 7]Z!*
xt
~0
+
zZ}
.
LG
{
X 7ykZ ~p~yZ t
"We have discovered the final truth."

: )gzZwZzi{ zg { y L gLzZ
( Matter is indestructible.)
t1kZ Zx B]c*
ZZgzZIZ
+
}gZ
# yZX]c*
I
HEtX  m,n9n Z]
.z energygzZ mattergzZ
zg [ckZgzZ e{g:x"
$U*
y46y{Zu}g  h
+ Z gt gEZgzZ! f!Ysz G
& zH]Z7[ Z c*
Mt
X
H~
g MBgzgzi} (,b ;g MyQs~uzgzZX g M yZ ]! fgzZg EZ ! fd
$! fsq
-Z
zkQ
ZkZgzZ% J e~! f]x M
VrZgzZ .exVz(,
} (,
Z7y M xg} 9 M[ckZ
t{zY )F,
u ?
HO0*
g[ .  etQ
rgg Z
',RKZ 0*
 Za tayQX
+Z kZ ZX ;g7e**
ge @ MV~gzkS a}g ?N 3E
0!NH *[Z M ]!*
+Z~y M
 ~(,
t

{Z ({ ZpZgzZ7V-&]!*
g b
z O$t~Z VrZOX Y{g(KZbgzZ Y{g (KZ<
zgzZsz G
&
Jm
gL
C M .gzZ @*
Y?

@*
Y recedegLX Lg @*M ~gN*
g Z
X 1: YZq
-ZgzZ c*
}g Z
{7gzZ/q
-Z
W 6,
HM6,O$g

zk Q g
/HLZy
Z
# gzZ x KZ d \
gb

zk Qg~ZX *
@Y0*
0*
@*M6,
q xsZLZ~wz{YgzZ"$
+z
)gkZ
{z C? akZ u|g sz G
&tX
H[ze Hy
Z
sz G
& qC
gzZ Zg Z ]Z7~TZ6,

! fkZ|gtX ~g^uZjkZXg
7Z} (,} (,
5 ZggzZ @*
Y J0
+Z c*
{z CYzZ VkZ 
~(,~(, @*
Y tZgZ
# ~fy
KZX
( _$ ^ % ^ ^ : M 7p Zt~y M
7Z
HtZ
# 6,
y{ZuOX @*
BVz(,
} (,
(ZgzZX D M
^ L L~y M
a\vZX **
YO m ]X
Hbh NyZxq
-Z ZC
kZ
HOg:L L D]% ]EK n]

~]gg b
z O$F, ^VX  M p Z(Zzh MgzZZ ) pF$ ] g v] ^L gLzZ (Zzh M{6,
O g @*
]Zg) |^f ]

p ZyZ[Z X
Hbh N yZxq
-Z ZC
(g ) L L K n] ( _$ ^ % ^ :p Z Ze
$ M !*
{gbZX Y7
6,
zZfy
KZ :
L Z
#  Zx X 79
L o}uB(g b
z O$)1~kZ kZ 7ykZ Z%g b
z O$
Vz(,} (,FgzZ7B4ZsgzZX c*
M 7BZungzZCYzZ V
~(,~(, *
@Y bkZ
X ZnB

gz {zpXZzt g
$ugzZy M
]c*
ZzgsZ
g
$Q Z6
y{Z tZg {zX V ~<%ZvZY z **
wVq
-ZV~

o ] h:
Zpg\vZ
Z',
Z Z?kB\vZ dZ'
,
Z]|~>Z >gX xyQ(q
-Z (Z

6,
kZ ?n
pg7yZZ ?H L L + i ]:HwZUg \vZ ! @*
{0
+
iVz 'N} 3=!g gz6,
}} Z L L oFi] ov i n
e] :
Hc*
kZ X g g EZh
+'
Zg fp( V
rgyZZ G~)7VY L Lof $ _n F oFe:HndZ'
,
Z

$ M ) ^n ni ^m $ (] $ $ ] q $ fq oF q] $ $ X ( k )hLZ7ZgzZ}0
e
+
6,
g eL L n ] $ n_$ ]
BLZ7Z L L n ] $ V X N M D hz k0*
}g v{zz g yQQz g6,
h Nq
-Zq
-Z Zq
-Zq
-Z yQ ( %f7Z )QL L( 260
} \ MX{)zc*
F,
}
0
+
6,ztByTyQ\ MgzZ !*
~Vz\ MXByT\ M}0
+
6,{zt k
ZX }]!*
t ~gzakZ Z ZaXa~<%ZvZY z **
De
$ M kZX V M6,
 7gzZ K
p{z @*
i !*
rgzZi !*
C
{@xt [ ZXN Y M {z zg 7ZgzZg6,Vzh N Z}0
+
6,}g7 }g7 g et Z% kZsz G
& VrZ
G
[Z
qEZ6,W ZgzZBx ZgkS Z%kZ
/ZX @*
Y M {z @*
O
@*
k0*
LZrc*
k
} ~ !g gz6,
 B~
# ~(,dZ',Z]|kZ ?n
pg7yZZ ?H
HM iZ0
+Z .
$Z e Zg fY ZZ~T ?VY]!*
t~
Vzuz=Vz H~ H7gtVrZ ~VYsz G
&te
$ M kZ\ M
H~<%ZvZY z **
Z
# Xg g EZ ZgfpV
X @*
7,
gp ] )Oh!yQ**
[VgzT]!*
ZtX 7]!*
t
gzZ]Z!*
xZzakZX >%] Z u\ M 1y ] Z!*
xgzZ Zz\ M
/ZyYt]!*

,@*
s zZC
gzZC
X 7ZzggzZ 7 77xz c*
| G
& g0
+ZgzZ \vZ ss zZ
X$
7C
| G
& :gzgyQ e \vZ
/ZX~0
+
zZ}
.f Z
bzz[ Z ~ g ZgzZZg Zg akZX YY u46,
{ L
L Z tZggzZa
~V~fzz!*
{g
Z fgzZ.zZg X 6,
}bz~  A 7 Z6,
]gvZX ZZ h Qw 7t
qw qt
/Z
6,

G
'uaK t Z] ^( ]^e ^n ] iL gLzZ a
M

L . 7X
HBbzz[ Z ~ ?
~0
+
zZ}
.

gzZLZuZ gX ~gz'uaK OX CzgZj] Zg|ygzZ YY Zjy]ZgX } 7,


G
LZuZ gX Vg Z
Z 0
+F,
x M

L .7L L~VgVz yZX


HHV[p~i Z0
+ZtugzZ~i Z0
+Z ~l Z >g
:
Hc*

~i M !*

Bn o( ]j$i $ ] m ]] o f p Fq gFj] o ^ni!


X
8: ( i g )VzCZgzZZ} ( c*
g Z
g ) c*
)**
$Z@aLZuZZgzZ 
e
( ]Zg )[ .gzZ L L
;g YiKZ~ZT

Hi g TVhZz,yQT
.zgzZ6,
T gzZ L L{ nL L
V@*
4\vZnCZ~gzZ L L r ( ^ f ^ e ne # ] $ ] # ] o] p ] ]:p Zy
w M E
L !~0.Z >gX
7bzz[ZX6,
]Z f \vZ Obzz[Zg ZgzZg Zzg Z.
zZg  pZ L LX
yVzLZvZ G
( g )yZJ
-ukZ KZgzZ L L( 60e
$ M ) $ j_j] ^ $ ]% ]:
Hc*

~wZ >gX: 6,
yQ.ztp

gdf |tX:6,bzz[ZyZZg vp z M
hZ
bzz[Z OgOB;6,
B; X gg
a
M',tZ D[Z \vZgzZ 7` Z[Z {z
Y Za[Z%vZgzZX evZ
z 7[ Z
X 70*
[ Z {z
Y
\ MgzZ **
Y}\ MV@*
c*
wVq
-Z~X _Cg0
+Z pZ uL L\ M ~f\ M
/Z U~Vz yZ
s2KZ iJ Q \ M 1{ Zg Zt\ MgzZ 1x OZ wzakZ \ M

~
q
g ~g ZgzZ c*
g k0*
4Oh!Nq
[ Z EE
-Z6,zZ[ZyZ wt\ MgzZ 7^zg ~: Zzg\ M [ Z
H\ M
/ZXN Y: Zzg
~Zt X _C~pZ u 2~ u46,{ c*
\ M M
h7I%yf S k Q\ M
z!*
bz}g gzZ
6,
4w LZ\ M
HZa 6,[Z~f\ MX
HZa ~V\ M [Z [~}6,
[Z\ M
M
~y

Z}
.

, yZ

~

gzZ

C :wD ZX I{g[vZ c*
bzz[ Z ~
"N
3E

V G

t ~ wgzZ v
ZY 
yS L LVp Z6,y!*
ig z',bzz [Zgzl,{ Zg Z x Z
# ce **
Zg
Vzgzx t ~L
L ce I7t L D6,bzz[ ZX evZ
zgzZ` Z~0
+
zZ}
. f Z bzz[ Zx 
E
O
p
~6bzz[Z {z Z7q F,
{z ZZ
R6f KZ kZakZ 7~g kZ ;gty
KZ
/ZX
?y2Zzf
H| bzg
yZC Zg fK ]Z ~
V\ M l WX 

/ ~
V*6,kZ \vZ
kZX
/\
M : v
ZY 
yS L gLzZ Vz}[Z
~L L:c*
Vb7 yZ Tg D M dLZ]| at~
VvZ:wg
X $
z
%yZ $

/.
aHz$
V)ag Z'
,
R
,q ne$ ] l^ n ]e ] l^uL
La
a~
VxZ t /G8F Zg f \ M X l{ ~
Vx Z ?V ZyS  ]!*
Z
H !
g V1@*
vgzZg M 7 LZ]|[ Z

G
:c*

\vZX
/ \
M ~0
+
zZ}
.
L . 7tpX wq]gui **
gzZu**
g

DNPXNOV`]E
# ] 9m$ ] $ ] W] F ^ o ] p^9 $ i
X ;evZ
/Z (BY ]ZkZ )1 Vzx t~z :tL~}g!*
q( !
} Z )gzZ L L

X 
wi **
] !*
Z
] ZyQ~l Z >gkZ
X e:vZJ
-Z
# Y7 pZ L L~Zt
YtX Z ,~(,
?kmZz~kZX s
# z VUZukZ~qg,v0*
lZ >g{zkZ
IG
kZ6,vZp 7
zzw gzZbzz[Z ~z* k0*
kZX ^Z}
.L $ zgq
-Z ~mZz yZXtZcut Y tgzZZzt

E
G
: Zyp Z,!*
Zzt~y M
X ^w ZtuZuzg 
uyZZ6,vZgzZ ~0
+
zZ}
.
L c{zX gzZ
i ^`] ki! nj$r] ^j f ^ ^` ne ^q$ e ^` Fu$ h^] nj$ q ^au ^q nq$ %$ ` h]
t$ ^$ g]` ^` F ^r$ $ ^n

yQgzZ h !*
VggL
/
yZgzZb r !*
zgZ q
-Z ~ yZ mZz ywVt yZ ( !
} Z )gzZ L L
: Zg f VrZ~ gz Mg !*
gzZY_ [p r !*
Vz ( g Za kZBBV)X g}i
yxg
Z%tkZ X xkZth
+'
X ( 73Lr !*
gzZ
x 0*
[ M ) ~~g Y1q
-Zg0
+ZV!*
yZgzZ ~hg
ZZV] r !*
tgzZ zZr
# {z
h] % ]$ ^ %] ^] ^vm a fu^ ^
I$
w { c*
i~ ( ;g Z}
.p ;g]!*
>gzZ) x k Q
( ^ Z}
.L G
zg ) LZ kZ :L L
X V
rg ~gz
{ c*
igzZVg Z
xg Z (,q
-ZkZgzZV(mills)~(,
~(,z k0*
V- ~ i` M X
H.z6,bzz[ZgzZ q Ozw ~E kZ
3gwm,eaJ
-wzgzZ1#
- CZkZ Og Z6,
Z 4+ZzagzZx CZ kZ a0*
[ M XZc*

IG
$
g Z w { c*
i~L L: k Q~[Z
^ Z}
.L zg k Q Z
H Za ~ w^w Ztuk Q {z Za k
~ wk Q

V- y
M y zi gzZ q Oz w
t k0*
}g ! M gzZ DQ Dg V
p ? X V
rg ~gz
{ c*
igzZ V
!q,qtA
$
gzZ e
$z$;fg0
+Z}g y
M !
H7
t
Z@*
` r !*
kZZ
# X ;g6,
zZ LZ {zZ4Z~r !*
LZ {z( t)gzZ L L ^ a j$ q ( :c*

M
G

 &7~:kZ L L ^$ ] % ] $ i ]e] ?aF nfi ] % ] ^X


HZa kq
-Z~wkZgzZ
HpI$ MzkZ
%NgzZZ}
XD Zg ex Z} E
.={ Z ({ Zp ?X M L~{#
7=gzZ
Y{ nLr !*
tZ
y zi ~EgzZbzz[Z fX 7f @*
- ~- }~]c*
z]Z NZkZX ZZa g0
+Zk Q

%6{zt
$ X gq
-Z Zz+ {z @*
Zzp Z ZkZX 0*
6,
@*
-V#gzZ x6,
~-V#t 7t}k QX
tg0
+Z}Z
# X V 0*
(g Z0
+
{ c*
ikZgz~
Hc*
N*
gg LZ=L
/Z@*
L L j ^f ^` ]n $ q o e oF] l% (( %
X ZC

k{zkZtXzg V
V;zgg V
V?X A| (,
kZV;z 5 ZV=&&
IG
$
L zg )k Q L L k q :# $ $ _% $ $ h]i p$^e l] ^vm a fu^ ^: 
5[Z
Z}
.k Q[Z
y
KZ q
-Z NQ H Za Q N T ]Z f k Q H H x k Q
( ^w Ztu) k Q ( ^ Z}
.
o

7q
-Bg LZ~gzZ ( VZz+ g q
-ZkZ ~)vZ zg Zp L L l ]u] oe e ] ? oe # ] a ^$F ?c*

z) evZ
H Z4Z~r !*
L ZZ
#  Z: VYt( !h$
+} Z )gzZ L Lt # ^e $] $ # ] ^ k j$q k( ] ?X @*

X
G@*
z=vZ1( gzZ : Z: )7gzi (

~V~t
+ Z
!*
$gzZx kZ
g!vZ
tgzZA {)zgzZ**
y
KZt? H v
ZY 
LtL
pg0
+Zy Vga M YZ \ M V;zgzZ V 4Z ~ y}\ M
/Z ~Zt ! 7gV**
Z ~gzZ V6&
4Oh!Nce )~i q
EE
-Z{ Y: vsbz z [Z }{ X v
ZY
L Lce
_ y!*
i Ug y Z ZC
{
q
-Z
wj
X 7$z$;f gzZ gzZ ~g ~vg ]g 'gzZ t
gtaT {zJ
-[Z
I
$ zg kZ
xfj $ ] ^^fu ^`n m j $q ]n ni + m% ] oe oF m ]$ ^ $ ] ^] i ]:Q^Z}
.L G
=( e
/Z )gZ =
;g 0*
LZ~ zZgzZw =
/Z L L o ^f n_ji ] ^ a. xfm ] n^ ]n
}i 0*
kZ c*
X ( gh Zu {V) Y{g0yZyK
m {z} M y M6,
( r !*
)kZ ( })gzZ} r !*
4r !*
}

Xn
: 0*
( b ) gzZ YF,
Zg0
+Z
IG
$
vZ L L( 1) DD $ e # ] o ] h]e ^e & ] h$ EE:c*

~
Vx ZX hy!*
ik Q
]!*
^Z}
.L zg {zt
X

rg ` nyZ \vZ $3n6,] !*
{z
/Zp
*
@Y c*
g \
yZVzi Zzg DZzV !*
{n Z6,
p
/Z
D ,Z}
c*
M $ (Zq
-Z gzZuh zZ ~g  M !*
z+Z YX x
Zg kZ (
Hc*
)
H1gzZ L L%e nu]X Z(Z VgzZ

KZ6,
KZ6,r !*

{z[ZL L ^` oF m^ oa ^`n ] o F n$ g m xf^ X


H`P r !*
}g7}g7k Q

HH
] o jn Fm m X ~yi0tgzZ6,kZ gzZ/~g~k\Z6,]!*
kZ X ZZ 7,
tZ6,V G34&KZ{z
H{g MV

! @*
c*
ZI:q
-Bg LZ~l {zgzZ L L p]u] oe e

$  g fX 7f gzZ]oz]gzZ @*
- c*
~- ~Zz}g7kZ ? Z%uyt V[Z
.ngzZ 70
+Zgz $;f V**
Z KZ
6,
bzz[ZgzZ} ~Zt '

Hc*
N*
sgLZ~L
/ZgzZ L L o e oF] l% (( %
~QgzZ Sm
yZz6,6,
CZbX (universal)C ` M p
@*
i 
h
+

u 46,{ t X
HH u~qg !*
{g&
O QO S Q Z_Z\}X Zc2Z A~kZgzZ x g pt Cy, Z (phenomena)]C
bx ]kZtX
{zJ
-ukZg Z
Z Z}
.
/Z ZtW,
ZkZX 7f yf S Z}
.{ Zg ZZ}
.! Z}
.}~kZX ',lg !*
gzZ w !*

z~u46,{ c*
pZ ukZgzZX6,bzz[Z ~ OZgzZZg Zg X g^ lp]tgzZ
H~vZ f
X 2C
~
: 
ybkZp@%q
-Z~
VxZXZjg
$uq
-ZkZ
DD # ] pm o ^$ $] mm o ^e i ] ^n% ] o (^$ ] $ F ^] ^] v] mvje kn ^n% ] o (^$ ]EE
Zg v6,kZ ~V; }g v
t@i~*
7x **

zzw gzZh
ex Zww'( 6,
zZ LZ )@i~* L L
X
~B;vZ
qkZY: { c*
i OZgzZ
: Z
g ZX w',qtvZq<YZ: **
3 YZ:
@itY1ZIx Zw6,
zZ LZ Vzqw'B6,
gx ?
DONV]]E ] kFfn _$ ] (^f t] oj $] # ] m $ u
?( ,qN ),qu 0*
Z}
.gzZ aVzLZvZ&c*
x Zw
M ik QvZ ( !
} Z) L L

twq Zg pX {)z
zgzZbzz[Z
~B; }g v
kZ Y{ c*
igzZ OZ t NzZg v6,
kZ ~B;vZ
t@

6,b A7gzZ OZ Z Zg 6,]ggzZEZ g vZ 6,


V Z 0

vZakZ
ZZ h Zw 7~
A
yjw ~
A 
{zkZ|g @*
~
y
KZ 
xx
L L: zgq
-ZX B c*
BuZ[ ZX 7UkZ
C ]!*
]gzpXwD Z)X @*
g
/
~q q
-Z
z

~y

Z}
.
~

, yZ
gzZ

"N
3E
V G

y
KZx
/Z L
L df]!*
kZ 
N@*
ik0vZ]| Zi R LZ \
M ! SX ~
VxZ
vZ
z1M
h 7e **
yvN
/Zy
KZx gzZ c*
~ h}g vvZ
z1M
h 7e **
N
c*
N Y {Vz spgzZyZvZ Y]Z f vZ
/
% Y Ygzx  C7Za tg0
+Zy
KZJ
-Z
# X c*
s }g v
GLG
" zx **
vZ
!L L DmE J vm n # ] ^n] $ ] ]: \~g !*

g ZX ~0
+
zZ}
.
X 7q Z
spgzZvZ yZX @*
Y6%6,
]Z f vZ
vZ
sp yZgzZ,yZ yZX
7gzZsp GayZ
z
7g1 ~
e:vZJ
-Z
# Y7~~X e:vZJ
-Z
# Y7KgzZ  @*
gzZyZZ yQXvZ
{ kZ y
KZ ` MX Y7 M ] y
KZ N Y: ] Z f vZ { ]]J
-Z
# VzyZgzZ sp X e:vZ
/Z Y
X C7,
7~kZ
y M b[Z y!*
i%ZX [xzkZzz: *6,

iyZgzZ]Z 4,
I
~g !*
X Y Mxi yZ\ Mh
+
X  zg]Z 4,
I XsVU}uz ]Z uL LZg f M [ Z
~] zY  Z\vZX Y  Zg gzZ g wEZp Z ~y M
a\vZyYt]!*
-Z~[ !*
q
\
\
.
ZzG
gvZ vZ G3 L L}X x **
vZ {zDx O!*
s O=!ZZ
# gzZ vZ {zD ~ {
qk QZ
# X t
Zh
 i^ ^^e ^ # ^e k!L L:X qZj]zY  ZkZc\vZX x **
vZ +Z L
L

XZj]zY  ZkZ {zggzZ6f


BvZ Zg XC
]gzZY Z LZ {z 6c*
yZZ6,
vZ~
gzZvZ G{z Mx **

~y M
a\vZtQX Zx **
iZL LoFv] ^ ] : Hty M

\vZD
}X (corollaries)
gzZ qz
4Z]
Hc*
g Z
~
C]Pp "
$U*
avZ {z
H]mZ ]X
vZ~ sfkZ[ ZX ]gL Lq
-Z \vZ bZX  
gzZZD~Zx t
"
gzZ ~
Cq
-Z
Zz L L ^ f] ZzZ
/L L ^ ] ZzVZ L L ]$ ] Zz?f L L % ] Zz]L L% ]:}
N Y Mx **
\
E
G
X 
kZgzZ bz]g
L rkZ
t Zz ;L L e^]
A

Z {zX x ( 6) { Zg Z ( 5) D( 4) ]g( 3) ] ( 2)
z ( 1) :( Zt V; gzZ >Y fZp
/Z )t]~
C\vZ
Bh
,q&\ M Z
# B]x yS X @*
x
1
{ Zg Zr
#
Dr
#
]gr
# {zX Zz]
zkZ
{0
+
i
H1

UgzZ ~CZ fgzZ~*~



/ZgzZX t *]kZgzZ CZ f]kZ
]kZ
IF
4&,qt
~ gL G
/ZX _ q7*
zgzZ7
( { \vZ ) 7CZ f ]vZ X ut
X Y0ut
Hc*
bzUq
-Z qq
-Z ~yZ
/ZpX M 7
VzqyZ Zg f C
HV
Z
# X 

~ X DvZ CZfDvZX H ~}g !*


DyY[Z
( H ) c*
2
kZZ7qD( !g gz6,} Z ) u 0*
L L DONVf]E ^j$ ^ $] ^ vFf:[Z
yQ x **
E
z7* _ q 7CZ f D

!*

) O )
OZ (,} (, VvZY 1zZ Vwg VY m
CZ V 
 ZxX

X Yu?
{q
-Z~yZ
/ZgzZ
7u 

/ZVtX 7p
gzZ

(D0J5k!

-;X&
q(L ~
VvZwg} gzZs~kZgzZ q
-Z~b)y!*
V;}gt!iZ (DL LZgf[Z
%NkZsq

~;VzySgzZX  m ^ ^ ^ ^LgLzZ ] ^L L~
VxZ ]mZsq
-ZgzZgziF
-Z?7c*

vZtgzZ YbhZ A Z A v:Z~X s%Z (definition)p (DL LZg {z .g


}g!*
(D Y7gzZ
Hk0*
+~w'
,
-Z~wZ k
q
,
i~pzZ~X yZq
-Z~]**
Z6,\
D\
M
7CZfD\
M ,{Vt~}g!*
D~
VxZ VrZ? H3\ M~kZgzZ @*
Yc*
0*
s%ZH~
gZ
ZgzZs ZZ 5',V!*
VyZs~gN 3 ,k
,
Y fLZ6,
kZ=VrZ Xz7z)D\
M
_ q7*
Zg X 7]!*
Zz u~ kZq
- 4,
}gzZ 7Z \ M ZQ Y Ht
/ZVzq VyZ iZ  Hn ~6,kZX @*

D]mZ (
gzZD definejgzZ Z {zD(kS
X gZdefinition(Dtszzs%Z
X ;g7iZq
-Zp
g {zg
gzZ
g {zg]mZkZ
XD definebgzZZ{z
avZXg Z}g t
Zz+ YqgzZ({zLL (^9$ ] gn] ^ c*
Mg !*
F (L

L a\vZ~y M

X Y ,\ M g(
/ZavZ ! wZ H (akZXqt kZ~uZz MC
X 7 (q
yJZQ Vt V~g }g
/ZX
H5ayJZ~* kZakZX ({zgzZ{V
KZ vZ,q

{z ! }g Z
61Z y z!y y
y V
t V 
gzZ g M c iz
t V
A
/Z !
V
Tg~(  ~Z yJZX Y Mt 0{ Q(akZXV}g7}g7gzZN MyZZ
X Lg7!*
ZY1
/Z (L LkZ X (a}g v{z
z!*
kZ c izgzZ
A zZV~g v{z
z!*
kS
~DZz(kZZ @*
]tT\vZ[ ZX
Hc*
~(gzZ { DgzZ
Hc*
bq {6,
-Z MDV
q
KZZg
E
ZX E
A Z !
H {zbD}g DkZ
/Z !
C {z
z
LG3a\ MgzZ}
CYZ
M$M

X (a}g
@*
Y c*
Z{@x c iz
X %z ~
V:xZ ~ ^ Z yZ d LZ ]|X  Dt kZ 
: M
Z zgi Z
QoF ^ f] ] ^ P o9Fm ^ ] o9m ] OpF^] $q ^a No`Fj] M pF] !
Dr]E

R pFf] e kFm! p!

;g Y
;g Y6,{g ]L
zk QX z )Z
A k0*
V D F,
Z ( LZ)k Qk0*
zZ > Q]Lk QQ%q
-ZgzZ L L
X BV*
K~(,
~(,g LZkZgzZX izIu: P: {X

: Z
gZ~}g!*
dZ',
Z]|XgYVZ}6,
]t]Z@xcizgzZ
A tX{ L :(L ]Z@xt
DSQV^]E ] lFF$ ] l naFe] p F
'
g D Z{@x]}igzZV  M
Z'
,
ZbZgzZ L L
y M
kZX 7 wZ ]t:gz

C {z A
$ @*
Y c*
~ yQ C~Zg(,q
aV
KZx  Zx
:
Hc*

~~Z >gX c*
Zz
DNSXNRVr]E$ oFi] $] Z ]u] ?fn oF `m gn] F
'
eT~Vg LZ1 @*
7i6,
(LZ {z
Z\vZ L L

N
N
N
gzZt
HM ~f gq
/Z
]!*
gz (X
HugzZ
H A
$
Hg
/Z q Z(avZ %Z
X u
yM
~sf ]Z L Lv!*
c*
]Z uL LbZ
mZ >gx +F,
Z y M
~K ]ZZ uL LbT
kZ Z~DvZ M
h7q Z {zgzZ L L ^e $ ] o9e _nvm :
Hc*

~kZX Ze
$ Mx +F,
x

yXnN 7vzg ' M:gz


gN ;g 3vZZ gN M X 7CZ f Zg
{ vZ q L X
evZ

X 7 wZ kZX c*
g Z gzZz CZ ftX {z 7z CZ f V :gz g ZvZ g

X c*
gH{],
Z \vZ yS gzZ7CZ f}g yY{z Zg f
q L ZXavZs CZ fgzZzCZ f

L c*
q L ZX 7eiz T uq
-Z gpQp Nh
+'
gp%ZX 7 M kZ A Z u
M
N
X 7:gzYu,q Z avZ
/Z (

X ZD}g g Z {zakZX 7
~(,
kZgzZ60*
Z (,
kZ BgzZ8**
DY m
CZXt;g[ Z
L**
Dk Q DLZ gzZ VZ ~
.gzZ Zg fDZ
# ZX k !*
D D{z
2!*
DgzZ kZ!*
DDZg !8**
Z
X bggzZ} Ux Zk Q v n o o 9$ ] L L: pX 7Z (,
kZgzZ
~(,
kZ N Y
V e}uzq
-ZyZgzZ,k6,
}uzq
-ZyZ\ M VZg ZgzZ6,
g~
C,q
 ^] ^nL L~yZ
&A
&A
~
V]| t
!D~
VvZwg ) 8**
yX c*
}~
VvZwg ) ;eDA\vZX$Z gzZX Vg\**

&A
N
/ZX ;g Z}
.{z ZD ~
V\W Cw\**
LZkS
pX u{z gzZ bDvZgzZ
p
D
)
A7ZX { \vZ D
k0*
~
V\W YtX 7ZeZg t
Hpg ZzuD~
VvZwg

{zD(L aY m
CZv
X ~ CvZ ~ 7 ]Z f KZ ~(~
V\WX c*
C\vZ c*
C
c*
3 \vZ c*
3
(E
M
{z( eq e DX 7ykZ qD 7

- 6,
VpX ({zqp
D{zDV-p(
:gzZ w ~
tg
$ut : Xg(6, T p ? Y Zg p(Dt ~Z X Z c*
vZ
:tp Zy M
X we
$ M y M

DNSXNRVr]E $ oFi] $] Z ]u] ?fn oF `m gn] F


'
~Vg LZIT1X @*
7i6,
(LZ {z:
Z{zL L
X TYwgkZgzZY{zt
@*
3 H
!kZX
@*
VZ%ZXazY m
CZs@*
VZ\vZ}6,
(tO
gZg f[ ZX V; g{g 
Z~sT {7 N Z q
-Z~ kZ ~
V HV;z Zf ` Zc
~Z >g~yW

y M
ZX H~
VV;z Y M 7~w 0G
0_Iq}g Yc*
yt
/Z ! H~
VV;zH\ MgzZ~
H~~g }yZy M

/Z H6,
zZ > Q]LX ]c*
Mx~(,
g LZ VrZ L L R pFf] e kFm! p! :ts
Z
H ?X | J e
( {g ]L)|
# g~k Q | J eZ
# L L P o9Fm ^ ] o 9m ] :
Hc*

sZ! M
Zz M ~w 0G
0_Iq}gv MkZX ]c*
M x~(,
g LZ ( ~
V}}g ) L
L z
) 6,Z ?'!| J e HN CH
D~
V]|ZY m
CZ| (,
M kZgzZ Dfx ZY m
CZL**
kZgzZ zu~ggzZD}g ntX 7]!*
N
X ugzZ! Zy

}otm ^ ^ ^ ^ Z~
VxZ &t
/ZV;Xg]~
CgzZt~
C~g t
akZ !7{z6,
wgzZ 6,
D\
M ;g+
MkZ
/Z Zz m ^ ^ ^L LZg f[ Z
N
N
\
M DwgzZ  :BqZ kZ Zz J
-Z
# X I~~
V\ M , wgzZI~~
Vx Z ,

YH
45zstX 7B pgzZ `w~kZJ
5G
^ ^ ^. f n EEDyt~}g !*
y M
~
Vx ZXg Zm,G
-A
$
k0*

/Z~y M
X ,kZ Zz}g v
gzZ,kZ Z?
~kZ L L DDe ^ f f
Y}g ?H~wgzZ ZH~:x7Z n
pg7Dy M
H ~
V\ M 
}g 
Z ]qwgzZ,
N
N
N
o e{zX q
- ZuzvZsy
L LX ugzZ t
HMavZ
/Z L LX L Lq
-Z {z a

N
absoluteq
uz

H( absolute)c*
{z MagzZ \ M
/Z LtL Xm o oF ! n
%Z ~
C~kZ:gz
Z (definition)p
Z b ZgzZ q Z 4,
q
-ZstQ 7(Z
/ZgzZX \zug nvZs]Z f
X 7
X

]zzt
~g (Zz{ Zg ZtgzZ{
7 MgzZ Zg f
/F
X 7y

tgzZ
Zzg
/
Z}{ Zg Z
 mm ^$ ^ $ {zpX vZ { Zg ZgzZD{ Zg Z ! G
**
Zk0*
M%Z7] !*
.
+ZX h7~ggzZ sanction }Z 7,@*

{ Zg Z vZX ,@*
} Zg ZvZ} ZgZ
Zg Z
O d.]| kZ Z}
.
y

z X Y ~ \yY kZ gzZ } : ~gg 0*
p Le
G
4hI!X Zzg
vZs
LG
/
{ Zg Z
{z vZy
tX |B; y
7~g !*
gp 7~g !*
g LZ (resolution)
% i 9i % iX
@*
Le
{zL L 9m ^ mX
@*
Le
{zL L 9m ^ m:
Hc*

((~y M
X \
$ F kffu] pi $]:c*

#~
VxZ\zugnvZ bZX
@*
?f Le&gzZ ] Le&L L 9i
X g (Z k QX
e
$Z@ LeT\vZp eTM
h}7e
$Z@\ M ( !
} Z ) GL L DQRV]E t 9m$ pm # ]
DMTV^]E 9m$ h m 9m$ mX }e
$Z@61Z~uZz M Le{zX Yuzg7B;kZ

~3 M(} (,
} (,
{z
/ZgzZ ! zgyvZ f Z e >61Z {z
/ZX
j LeTgzZ [Z LeT{zL L
- 4,
q
yZ B7Z
# Zz w6,vZt s%Z ~
CZ (,q
-Z~Z
+ IZgzZ}g X Yuzg7Z
g (Z kZ e
<Z {zX 7(Zq
- 4,
}g
Z
# Zz6,kZ b: Zw{k
H"gzZ Z
# Zz6,
\vZ b Zwxq
- 4,
yZX Z
# Zz w6,vZ ( v!*
f)
G
4hI!
~~ 3g } (, } (,{z q h
LG
(De facto Zz%Z X 7{z Y t %Z X g (Z !*
U

6,
vZ
/ZX y
vZq
- 4,
}g ! g: y
{zZ
# Zzq6,
Z
# akZX 7Z
# Zzq6,
kZp
gzZ position)
~v M kZX} h 7Z eZ
# 70*
kZ py
kZty
kZqX
H0*
y q
-Z c*
{z3 Z
# Zzw
}
h eZ
# 2Z LZ {zXtZ eZ
# p 3gzpgg Z
'
,
R~0*

tZ eZ
# p 3gz
9m$ ] $ ] 9i ^ :
Hc*

? wH!~g gzZg (Z}gX g (Z kZ}
s e bT~ $LKZ {z
7F,
t
g Z tpX
e:vZJ
-Z
# 7 e}g vgzZ L L:tq
-ZX K3 F,
}g \ } (,
zkZ DOLV]E # ]
!\vZ~Zt X ,@*
!kZ >
e ~g vX
e:vZJ
-Z
#M
h7{e ?gzZ L L:F,ZuzX )F,
o Z
~} Zg ZvZ { Zg Z y
KZ *
@Y+Vx {z ~ZtX e: {zJ
-Z
#M
h7 {e ?X ,@*
!kZ !~g v
&A
) ]|=Z g [8 Zt ]!*
Ka ~ kZ ! w H} Zg ZgzZ ! ~gzZ Vq H~
z ' e
!g gz6,
:c*

6,
g~7\vZ Y
/ZZj!~
VvZ:wg
t
DQRV]E 9m$ pm # ] $ F kffu] p i $]
X
LeT e
$Z@vZpe\ M &M
h}e
$Z@7\ M ( !
} Z ) GL L

"kZ[ Z
4E
-E
5G
tB~
VxZ gzZX Y Mg u XbzD5 Zg
,Z y M
! Y{g !*
ykZ uVZggzZ>XG
X `u#
Qtv:ZZtgzZ Y: Za <
%}akZ Z0
+Z

]y
.
KZgzZ Z}
.
}uzX
, M ] L LX 7KZtw Z 0
+
i ~g p
{0
+
i\vZgzZ{0
+
iX s] M [ Z
Zz ] Y y {gG
/ZXN Y% g: qx M
N Y%:gzg {0
+
i N 3X 6,[ Zg Z zg Z ]kZt
gzZx Zg M
` ZgzZ BkZX 6,}g Vzuz
0
+
ig6 ~(,
t X ~g e"gzZgz$ ~(,]t ZxX Y

t
t
{z0
+
ikZ DNQQVf]E $ ^i n% ] o% v] $ ] F] # ]: ~Ze
$ M ? H]\vZX ]gz
: \~g !*

g ZX @*
7Za w{Z ~VkZX:gzZzZ:~T 0
+
i
D?E lh% ^$ ^$ ^m$] j$ o ^` ne ^
] lFF$ ] ^
X 7~gy6,
gzZKZa~Vb
yZ
gzZ}igzZy M gzZ L L
/8FZgf[ZX CZ f 7
G
]Z!*
76,.
Vzg gzZ[Z 0
+
ik QX : k6,
b0
C
+
iKZ0
+
i]{
sk0*
}g bZX avZ s ]X 7]
]gs t ? YY 0
+
i~0
+
i k Q0
+
i ~g 
!g0
+Z}g X \vZ s { Zg Z gzZ w
]gq
-Z } Zg Z s g0
+Z}g X avZ s ZX 7D
Dg
xznt Y Y3g~{Z
# ]]]at kZX vZ !Z
q
-Zs
7~~0
+
zZ}
.p ]g0
+Z}g X 7~ DvZp
D k0*
}g X 7 |yZ  ~Zg
X 7q!D]g~vZX
 t kZgzZX 2{g 7Z j x Z/ ~
Vx Z X V @*
7 ug I~
Vx Z ac Z kZ~
e n j] o ] $ # ]EE:p Z{g 7ZX>gy M

SbkZt~
V\ MD 
jx Z/

a}~gzZV ]g]g~gzZV D}~!vZ} Z L L DDn] ^*] ie j]


W ]|X V;gwZx
~
! g}} ZL L Xn n o$ ] k] ^ o] h : M~7Z>gp Zd \
&!*
{g{g 7ZX` ZvZ~A C
?DMQV^E # ] o] x] j] e
$X V` ZkZ~}wZ e~
}YgzZ7]g=
q]gN:L L DD] i ] i $^ EE:z ZX xas
# ze
$
D 7qDgzZ]g=L
L Y^v!*
ft Y3g:~.
\vZgI ZyS ~
Vx Z
/Z[Z X 7qD=
~~]g~X#DZ~D} !g gz6,} Z .
V~Z ! H I ~
VxZ gzZ q:
X Vg ~Zgxzn]t.
B\~g!*
tZ
# X#]g

W ]|\vZ~T Z~l Z >gZz


d.]|

c*

N L &k0*
}q
-Z}g Y c*

d \
W } Z c*
W ]| ( 7~y M

t! \

\
x **
yZp
/Z ) ]| @*M ~]c*
Zzgp 7
,tp
/Z ~y M

N yY?0*
DvZD]
gkZ 0*
kZ \ 0*
wZ e a~gkZgzZ c*
M6,
m
}g )
X 7qt~


Z]uzgzZ \~g !*

z
 c*
X gzZ_ q
z

z
ZgzZ *

zvZs M sc
Z]uzLtL Zgf [ Z
7V
X w2+F,
]Z t|ggzZ
Z]uzLtL X
ztX 7
zgzZ
Zs
z
VrZp  b
Z ]uzLp
L
/Z
x Z5{z}g Vg @*
s
# zt Zg f ~X 7J
-w2~y
M g ZR~{z
~v~}g !*
yS Y 5g**
vgzZxzg **
! 0Z }
c*
(confuse)iB(Pantheism)

zZ!L L
Z]uzL L
X V &ugzZ~
zZ!LtL X sZe{ztZgV !*

gzZ u!*
'" 7Z vX 2
]tgZkS ZX s', 0*
[ZgzZ xzns',
H00*
s',
V-
zZ!L L !yYt


Z]uzgzZ
zZ![Z
G
G38t
Z]uzX *
}i~]c*
VzyZ X 7
zgzZaZ}
.s
z G
@Y~kZ Z}
.v!*
fgzZ C0*
g Z
|
LG
tgzZ |{~
Z]uzL LgzZ ~ kZ {gzZ |t~

zZ!L
L akZX }uzq
-ZtgzZ
H Zz t
y M z
~
yuZ U*
Z]|~ kZ Z { c*
i confusion t Z
# X
H$ V
HHi]c*
Vz yZ Z
# ZX
z
I
X H7t AXgZ]uzL LO
Z]uzL LVrZgzZ b & Z
I
@*
; g 7,6,}i
t kZp
@*
|
# g
zZX @k QgzZ ~g Z
z]gzZ vZs
z t AXgZ]uz

X 7|CZ f yZgzZgzZw<Z]zY Z\vZ] ~g t,ZX @*
7
zkZp @*
;g M {z
C :
^ n ] ] o ^ %
] ^ m] ] o ]
Z VrZX 7DV;zpDg M ~j\ M Xt c*
@*
@~jc*

w c*
z{z ~] kZ

wB~!~} ],

Zq
-ZZgzZ , v MwZ e %6,
zZkZgzZ0
+!*
Z 6,
}uq
-ZkZ ~q
-Z H ZzV- wVgzZq
-Z
~bkZ [ ZX gg J \zg } ],
Z lM
w? @*
7{],
Z v M {z |gpX @*M {],
Z lM q
-Zt V Zz ,
I

t
taV U*
Z]|gzZ
t
s~ AXg Z]uzL gLzZ
Z]uzL LX ZvZs]mZgzZ gzZ]
X i Z0
+Z "q
-Z tX H
-Z~g vc*
q
tX Muy 0*
fc*
` @*
~f LZgZg f ?yt5Zo**
~gzkS +4gzZq
-ZkZ
X ?g0
+ZkZgzZ ?C
!*
kZ
?nkZ
?6,zZkZX 7
z kSC
!*
f}gvgzZ ~f}gv

z
C
y
M z
w ZzL LDOVmv]E t ^f] ^$ ] F] $ ] :@*

~}g !*
\vZy M
X tz{
bTyYt%ZX wgzZk^Z(,w \vZp wgz$ Z(,w ZgX#wkZ]tgzZX
!*
zgzZ
tXzk QX z\vZ x ]kZ bZ
CY"f k,
z
@*
6,z~g x gzZgZ k,
6f ~g

k Qx ? g~f}g v\{z g6%zKZ ?X ]kZgzZ pi Z


x G3OZ A Z {z
HaZX xzn
X Z
xZ ] ~g7\vZ ,Z
XcZz]m
) 0J5k!akZ ^ e $ ] 9m p$] ] : MpZy\~g!*
~Ze
$M

~zgg
$uzy M
X
)
~Ze
$ M X Y
GmVz g
$ugzZy M
Zz g Z kZX "
$U*
Vz g
$uz y M

) Byf S \vZ

~ WW g ?n
) %]i YZk Q~[ ( \vZ )k Q
y L L DNQQVf]E ^ e $ ] 9m p$] ] : Z 
gZ
7]!*

k QgzZ}]i YZkS ygt OS :


/
g
) izgk Q L L E o Fu$ ] ] $ ] ^9$ ] i $ m:
Hc*


kZvZgzZ
$
0^zg ( vZ f )~ 5 Zgw\vZ {z gz MgziZ tg
) ~f
/Z%Z X }I
^ m
mm ^ ^ $
m o o F {z 
t\vZ~kZakZX uGt $
Zzs %
kZgzZg (Z kZakZ ; g:vZ {zQX Y{g0V;Zp yf S gzZ gzZ0*
%gzZ ( vZ f ) {zQX CY{gbz
9m
X z]Zg (ZgzZ]T zvZ!z]
G
4hI!|g
Vz g
$uzy M
Gt **

) 0*
yf S s\vZ%ZX 7agzZ
avZs ZgZgzZh
LG
zZg L LX
) {z @*
a}uz Z
# X g[Z 7y#
s
) tgzZX "
$U*
gzZ7}
Zpgq
-Z KZ\ Mt
) X t gzZ ngzZ L L C i ] 9$ ]:
Hc*

~Z >gX ( 2)
;g7wZ CZ
bq
-Z X ~C
z ]!*
~ h
B]!*
\ M ]!*
KZ k Q
) Zg lg \t X lg \a\ M

g lZ \vZ p{z@*
Ygztc*
y @*
tyZgz ~
VxZ X ;glg \k Q
gzZq
-ZgzZ
ayk Q~ {g !*
vZ s ~
VxZ tX ,lg\a} \vZ \
M @*
q ~ #
}
. ~
Vx Z gzZ @*

] o jm: M
Z zgi ZX Tg D
) aV
KZ 
 "
$U*
y M
bZX
)
LZvZY 1zZgzZGY ZY m
CZX ~$Zyn bZ X Tg Dg lZ ( g gz6,
LZ )aV Zz}i{zL L DQVpF]E
7
) a%yf S \vZ%ZX ,
) ~hVzg {zA ]i YZs\vZ ._A
$Z%LZ
&k QZ( : Zg c*
x ) 1: ( izgk Q ) L L D^f]E l ^e] ^ Fu$ ] ] $ ] $ jm : Z
g ZX n
ILG
" q ZgzZy M
t
g Z
) X ]!*
{zgzZ}]i YZg
C g: hYgzZ Zq
-Z

) %ZXg Z m t

Zr

V2

Z}
.

Zr
}
}

G
X ; g 4Mh!N{ Zg ZgzZq
-Z6,
} Zg ZkZgzZ g M
!gzZq
-Z6,
!\vZv
!*
f~
kZX ]g+F,
+ut
$
Z ]

] mZ u L Lc*
t Z u L L
~T (Z hq
-Z \vZt Z] V 0*

~V 0*
;L Lp
N Yg " {zN Y g t \vZ
/Z ,z
x  c*
M%g "y*t~y M
X ] mZ uL LY~z) t Z uL
L OX ] L
L h{zgzZ D Y M t }g k Q
&A
G
VvZ:wg ) gzZwz4,
~
L}!y M

Hc*
C~]c*
M ZZ gX z:] gzZ ZvZ z] vZ L
L ZjZ] Vg
:c*

X He
$zn

Bne$ m o $] # ] $ ] fi $ ] Anf nu $ k $ $ jFm! ku] gFj F?]


gzZ )X!*
Vzqx
Zzsk Q ( yZ )I{zQI]c*
M T [{ztXg wZ L L
X VZz~pgzZ Zzg ZsvZa}g v~GX vZ1z:]  ( wi **
akZt
kS gzZX 
ZzVzayZVZz]g t
K~ayQN YF,
Z}g76,g ] mZ L gLzZ,: ] ZvZ
X [Zu**
g Z(,
k0*
gyZayZVZzg Z~ayZ,F,
Z:}g76,
g
:
Hc*
Zz~
VxZ~e
$ M ~y
M lZ >g
? e C^f e m $ ^v^ n e ]qm ^ t u]$ F] ` F] $ ] o$ ] ou5 m % e ^] $]
F]u]
]5 g LZ  :X q q
-Z 'qZg v CY kz s~ 6 ?V y
KZ q
-Z ~ ( !
} Z)L L
X ZI:q
-~] g LZgzZ}(ceQg ZzyZ

Y Zb
ZkZgzZx| ] L L
gzZ ] L gLzZ} gzZx
L L~ ! X ' ] L L
aK ] mZ uL Lv!*
c*
t Z uL L
C :~
 )F,
+F,
9kZ DkmF# ]EDfn $ ]
] $ r] k ^:g I Mgy M
X 

!q

Z'
,

0
+
i

"

0
+
i

} i c*
g c*

+F,YgzZ +F,9kS
0ZqgzZ
0Zx Z
H~Z ] L L~ b ZX x|z p ] L LZ t
C M~z] tYXY Z b
Z ~
CzkS
C g0
+Z LZVza
z c*
Vz
Cz]  n] ri C^ f ]L L:
c*
~
z~ b
Zg Z YBk QgzZZg ZB\vZ sq
-Z ] % ] m^ g v ] m^ L L:{zgzZX

IvZ Xg: !*
IgzZ%KZ kZ~IgzZ%vZX}-t k Q\ M LZ Y_t \vZ {~g Z
g LZ LZ M LZ't e
$0
+
i KZgzZ O0zZ {zvZ XZg {z6,Z%vZgzZI}kZ z
X0
+
ikZ  gkZX **
Zg
CxV~uz~ [Z c*
@*
xZ
# ~*X x|q
-Zg0
+ZgzZ@*M~px fL L, z
~x| fL LZX@*
Y6,
kQ Zuz
C7x%KZXC0
+!*
}ggzZ ~g6tX @*
U~kS
-Zce**
q
wzxK{z~kZ~gzs
# Zt M ck
,
ig]vZg0
+Z+Z
# akZ 
Ua
kZgzZ Yc*
wt kZ\ M LZg
u"_
.qgzZ M LZ
: U~kZp
@*
y 
. M LZ{q
-Z x
N

Vz yZX m!*
zgZ )
Z kS  q
-ZgzZ)
Z q
-Z Y Z b
Zz] c*
X7Yg(Z % Zi M KZ

g8
 ~ kZp
ZyizZg
@*M
~C
L E
 ZgX zqzggzZz~ kS }g z
zb!*

yYL L bzgL LV~Xgz[gZz{Z+F,
$
d
Y0et:gz
tzzZ
bzg
yY{z|Z
Z yiz
z~C
t Zg Zz M ~ { X 7ck
,
it
yYL LgzZ bzgL L
z kSXgx Z V ;gwEZ6,
gp
vZ M V# M
)
Z Z] bZ!*

Ke
$Zug0
+ZkS  m!*
zgkQ7zgZ kZp
kZ
/Zp **
YxZwqV#gzZ**
Yw'qV#._vZkZ 3g{izg._vZkZ S7,
i._vZkZ **
\
C HZz[pZ~gzkZwD Z)X 7bzg~T
yY"q
-Z] tQ7U~
xZ

! [s

~
@

/Z

![s

Z F,
x

t
Z
C :gzZ

B Z
GE
"N

L]I%

]Zg

,
z
q

:
G
NG

X ~0
+
zZ}
.
ZuzgzZ L Zq
-Z  ZY Z b
Zzt] X D Y{g0gwqZt: ~g z~g Ybzg~0
+
zZ}
.
g0
+Z]
/Z
\
gZ~qi *gzZW ;g {t y
KZX DaC
KZ e
$L Z%q~~sf]
QX @*
Y Z Z9 7y@*
Bt V
!*
X @*
Z9t kZh
y
KZWT }
@*
g (Z 'g {za
$B E
gE
Y H{>| (,
M kZgzZ @*
Y H qgt k QWh
+'
T
u  D YVut `gv W `gX @*
\
X D Be
$L Z%
@*
g Z "_
.] kZ~TwqZ ~C
tX D Y

XZz gz V Zzg ~
# q Q @*
Y Zg X&ZgzZ[ ] E
LO ]  L Lc a ~ sf]
DX 8Z kZ Yg~g {zBZ ! DgZ A
$Bz Z !Dg Z A
$Bg Z
X
C
 ] L LDD C^f ] % ^% ]EE: ~
t
g Z(gzZq
-ZX
] Z L LDDC^f ] ^% ]EE:c*

}~
VxZX D + Z
mZgzZ mX: mZgzZ m~k QJ
-Z
# 7wJ~{g !*
vZ] X mZz m c~y
MgzZ ,v0*
~ sf]
gzZ **
3 c*
g L LX bx ZaVX L
L @*M q
-ZBZX **
a3V~g c*
g
gZ
# ~] X **
L L
~y M
OX {z
oZqJ mZzmakZ 7wJ] {zN Y M .\NgzZ c*
gzZ)+ LZ,vZ {z Z'7ZgzZ L L DQVnf]E ^u m] n # ] ]fn $] ]? ] :
HHZzkZ
c*
**
ZpKZV
H
KgzZ 3 gzZ B\vZ~]
/Z X q
- D{ak Q (
) Z
I
4&6,g**
F
] X g z%] +Z V; vZgzZ
.\NgzZ c*
g~] gzZ Z mZgzZ m c*
ZL G
q~EgzZ

\
G
] G
L 3J mZz m ( 5)gzZ
C
 ]  ( 4) e
$L Z% ( 3) ( 2)
) Z ( 1) : X~f Y Z b
Z 0*
c*
U0*
t
X .\NgzZ c*
gkZgzZ
o
t 6,gx }ptaXN M!~V~f\ M ]DZ~kZ !H ] mZ uL
L t]**
Z0*
yS [Z
C Mt '!*
tZ
# Z
7t }g9zZz kZgzZ ~!ukZgzZ u' 3gVzqP D M 7
c*
wZkZ c*
wDZkZ Zg f Zp! u{k
HC
tpkZt{z Mt 6,
xx wZq
-ZZjkZgzZX |ay
KZwq
4]IZ kZ
yZgzZ Dz6,byS Zg fV ;g'!*
 ~ ZX Vz [Z kZBs
# z ~g7 ~y
MvZY 
yS ~ !gsq
-Z{ E
5G
X Vgt \ M '!*
t6,jVg ZrZvZY 
yS ~X 7c*
@w 7c*
9{zyZ6,
face value

) Z u

gzZ ~
VwgkZ
) Z
vZ
) ZX Wz x|
) Z ? H
Z uL
)
L [ZX
) Zq

X%Z !
Zz V;z {z 
gZ)fg0
+ZX%Z !
Zz V;z{z c*
x Z ~K @*
7q
-Z %ZzZX %ZzZ
) Z
E
'
% $ ] % EE:c*

~
VxZ 6X %Z1Zzx.gzZX%Z!
Zz{z
c*
gZ',
u \ MX%Z!
Zz{z3,
g "

-Z c*
q

~
VxZOX b7~}g!*
gkZq
-ZC
~?gzZ Zzl
q
-Zwq
-ZC
~? L L DD j n$ $
%N~}g!*
{z[ZX IkZ
C
) Z {ZzKZ zZXxF
kZ kQ Z
@*
qg(Z6,
zZgzZwkZ6,yC
LZ]g
X%Z !
Zz~yLZ {z
{Z',
uyZ0
+{ q
-Z bZX k6,
i!*
~}g!*
kZkZ sCvZ c*
s
) ZvZ zZ KZ
C
C

%Z !
Zz6,RKZ KZC
C
Xs]zgzZCvZ c*

H svZ7Z {z YY7~}g!*


V~ kQ
VZx
Z +%
)
Z Y f
)
)
Z {E
+Z
)
Z +Zz
Z Vz(, ? HwZ~
)
) Z kZ [Z X Zzl
q
-Z w
ILG
" q Z~
:
Hc*
}wZt~KkZX~zggI
VxZZ?H
)
ZuLgLzZH
ZL L~{)z
)
) Z
DD^] n o ^ EE
X g MxiC{~T~A kZ Y7
) Zt L L
LZBg Z
/Z z
) Z { E
+Z z
) Z x z
) Z iJR
n z
) Z Vz(,z
) Z +Zz
7g Z
) Z t
V;zX 7
) Z k Q[Z }s vZ
/Z 7~CvZ
) Z p z
) Z kZ H\ M
k QZx !*

*4
) Z \vZ
/Z ZX Y7
/
CvZgzZ Y iCyZ[ZX Y{],
C
Z
) Z yZ
/ZgzZX ut

H1?
) Z vZwC
!*
} ],
Z kZ
) Zq
-Z
/ZgzZX
) Z LtL g0
+Zg0
+Z} ],
Z
) Z
G

X }tZx L gzZ } ZkZw C


 ]!*
+ZtX ]!*

r{ c*
iut6,
zZ
) ZvZ
X Vz Ka+F,
ZwVq
-ZgzZ Vz6,
R~ ZZ{wVq
-Z~akZX%ZtgzZ applyg kS Zg f[Z
%NpkZ   A
X s vZ =  q
-Z Z 6,R~ ZZ { [ Z ! F
$Z%z `g Z  z yZgzZ
:d- ]|

t
DQOVmE % ^e ^$
$ ] $ ] o p. e]
:

X
@*
Z6,
Z'
,
G@*
ZI7~'
,
LZ~gzZ L L
~X }Zpq
-ZgzZ \}%q
-ZX }sq
-ZgzZ vZsq
-Zt{zgzZ
a}XZ[ Z
~Z
!l!*

{
g

x
d

F,

C : 
X V
HM yxgVI 0*
z_
G
c*
g
L,
xg


i !*

kZsq
-ZXyxgVI0*
z_y
KZ X0*
: F,
Z ZtLegzZ
c*
Ng0
+Zg|0
+!*
6,
q
-Z=

g Zgx
Z$'
,
{ZggZ hI4XL L @*
YtBgzZ % ^ e ^$
$ ] $ ]:;gty M
p~}g!*
TZ{zB
[x\ MgzZ yZf Z\ Mn
X y MC
gzZ)
C
izgC
tB!Y:g0
+Zw CxZgv}
g
\vZzhgtz x Zg M
gZ g7}s~uzV Yq~{g!*
kQ~tg}
[ M Zzi
!c*
ngzZ c*
6,
zZ!HxlgzZ Hy
~VoZz\ M /G8F\ M [ZXz Zg7s
# Z,ZZ
c_Hs
X@*
7,
*
*9C
y
KZ%{zgzZX**
ZptDl$ ] k$ ^E *
*y
qgzZ *
*xlqy
KZ

~y

Z}
.

, yZ

~

gzZ

C :wD Z)
"N
3E
V G
=

H,@*
vZX 6,
zZ k Q c*
',
Z',
vZV HgzZ ZkZ {z x **

/Z
) Z u ? x **
gzZu
F] i$] k m ]: 
gZ~yZ >gX c*
M y*t(z~y M
e
/ZakZX ugzZ
Zp
I

" Z >ggzZ ?1[Z CZL 4XZpKZTk Q \ M H ( !


0I
F] i$] k m ]: ~ G
G
} Z ) L L( 43e
$ M ) :F
$E
# ] $ ] F] L L: 0* {g@
Lv
L !*
c*
i M 03G
Z~xsZX t
Zz~z
_LZy M
X ( 23e
$ M ) :F
KZTk Q \ M H ( !
} Z ) L L :F F] i$] km ]: c*
M F] L L ~]c*
M !*
{ggzZ # ] $ v
IX
X [ZZpKZgzZCZ kZ # ] $ ] F] L
L ;g y!*
i ? Zc*
[Z CZL 4Zp
]&
+e T
; g Y H{>t T
Z9 MhB; MT z'qgzZ[ZBX  2~%} (, q
-Z
sZ eg ; ~LZp! ;ggzZu t Zu~ g ~g N YJ m
} zJ m
6,VzGX Yc*
Jm
ZzJ m
Y
kZpX 7t V~g takZs@*M 7t Tg} 9h
 MLZg0
+Z g0
+Zz LZgzZTg
GE
"N{z
% @*
c_tX ;g YHxl6,%vZZpT qgzZ[Z t,z ;g YH{>T qgzZ[Z
3:
~?gx **
?tX[Z a}g vZLZ }Y7~! .} Z y
i Z0
+Z z!*
X HvZ } Y7~ ~
X Z6,
V^V

y

iZ
Zg

F,

C :Zg \ Z (,
yZ | )F,
xzg **

E
$E

,Z

Zg

zQ

kZ @*
t7~ x ZwgzZw'kZ } 7~ vZ } Y7~ Lg Ht zk QX 7 y
Z
y
7H 7` k0*
} Y7akZ]!*
t ~ y!*
i'X **
qut }} 7,
$ gzZ ~%
G
E
+
G
X VdZ LO g Zg v~L L DkF#]EXoF ] e% ^] :c*
y!*
ik Q Z#

L B Z(,
k0*
kZ H k0*

kZ
:?
) Z vZ
) Z N Y,@*

) Z \vZ
/ZZx  g M ~6,gZz]!*
tb [gzZ {x
X
) Z uLtL !*
kZ c*
~z)
) ZvZ
) Z V@'
,
kZgzZX
) Z LtL : F,
!*

'gZ
) Z uL L

c*
g g#
V; }g kZX c*
Mt ~wqgtgzZ
g
c*
g R+F,
6
KZZ ! 6,
RZ Zg f[ Z
w#
gzZ
q gzZ
c*
g q gzZ #
t gDqX wkZ q
-Z {g Z Z ( hypothetical)
q
-Z
c*
gX 7
g (Z ~y
M
g YtSq~
c*
gkZ wZ Sq{z Cq
~
c*
gX ~ Zz`
c*
g
vZ Zg(Z SqX
avZsL L # $ ] v] ]:t 6,
RZkZ[Z ? ~B;h~y
M ~i y
k0*
C :wD ZwX
HutagzZ Sq\ MX u{zVbkZX 7a

~gi M

"N
G
5E

"
!*

Z f
z

kQ
uZ

~gzu
VZx

J
xzg **
wD Z)p
/ZX wD Z)%zx z~ i kS xzg **
%zx  ~
zq
-Z~ )F,
M
L $
yZ 
s yQ \vZX gz$ UwD Z)
~LZ
~LZs: {zakZ
7
VrZgzZX  wD Z)~gz kS 6,RZ xzg **
6,RTX 7t
~ Vz .Zzg Zp! 
g
/
g VZ
/
z

C X V; gwEZ6,g)g fq
-Zs~
~7V
~g !*
g !*
wD Z ! HygSqCgzp
aZ

0G
**

"

xi

Zg

I
g

z
g

C : g~
VX C~
VLigzZg gz
C~
z~
X 7~
t \ M

"N
G
5E

~gi M

"

Z f

!*

kQ

uZ

~gzu

VZx

KCgzZ>

!*
{z e
u~wqC
(human sovereignty)Sq
KZX YuV;z, h V\ MwZkZdZSq
~i y ~B; }V~q uZz

/ZX(theocracy)#
I egzZ( democracy)e
$g/ e
(monarchy)
(popular sovereignty)Sq ZbZ ! # $ ] v ] ]tX u+F,
+
$
t
y Zy!*
i ~
g (Z
GE
"NX ux
X
Hg
/
gz uZz46,
gzZ Z(,

gzkZX ~g SqN Y Mt 0g (Zg/ u+F,


+
$
"N V vzq
3E
* u~gzC
 ]!*
kZ]gzX  }uz !*
{z u [Z V D]&
+e V G
-Zh
+
~ y*zy[ Z
C :wD Z Xy
KZkZ @*M| hzZ { ]
~g/

k]

c*
z
p

x M

Zg f

#
Z

XutgzZ u{z
z]!*
gZqX1tSq ZgzZc*
gZ+ #
uZz
kQ ZqgZgf M Z
#
\g- X} y e {z @*
Yg(Z~B; LZI~T
ut (theocracy)0*
0*
c*
IbZ
#
DOMVej]E # ] C ^e^e] ^f ^fu] ]i$]: Z
+x`

~(,6,
kZy M
X u+F,
+{z ;gZgx 0*
$
*
0 ~

4Z~xsZ ],Z |h ?q0~]|d


W?qX  qyZ X
1 [!*
g R {zvZVAgzZY fLZ VrZ L L

Z}
.yGgzZg xZ LZ gzZV ;g |~ M 7~]!*
t!~
Vgn ~
Vx Z [ Z} (,VrZ~}g !*
e
$ M kZ

4]IZ Z(,q
:c*

~
VxZ6,
kZX ;g `g eZ (,
Z6,
|y M
 { E
5G
-ZtX c*
7
DD $ u ^nc n ] $ u ]] % vj] ^nc ]% u] ]] ]^ $F fm ]m $] ^]EE
yZ {zgzZ
w'Z {zD ZIw'qZ
# ayZ {z1D7 ( yGzg xR ) yZ ( |) {z 7(Z H L L
?
x ZwQ{zg Z
x ZwqZ
# 6,
G
$ akZ
ZIx Zw eqTgzZ, ZIw' eqT\7 ~B; VzkZgzZ~B; \7hy [ Z ~
L G
X 
uVe
$g/gzZSqIKCz>

!*
ZX Z}
.z
HMg (Zt~B;TX ,
{
!*
/ZV; X u6,RZ t bZ uSqIc*

ZgIgzZSq{
!*
gzZXgz Sqx ZgzZ e
$g/` M
uy
gzZz!
7Zz uGeygzZ Z Z|X 7ut ;g**
y vZgzZ
0*
y vZ p
V]Zg(Z OZ~B; kZgzZ;g}._( g1i gZ ]Zg ~gz LZ LZ c*
)y M
7%KZ
/ZIbZXZz

X( X 7ut
] ]|X ~B; 6 IgZ OZp
vZ (ZY#
I q
-Z gSq Z CE:G
ILG
" uX x Z {z ;gx ~LZuZ
:g I
DD ^nf ] i n]] e k^EE
X
DY m
CZyZ
(LZu ZL L
$g/{zzg0
e
+Zg0
+Z} ],
Z<
L z[]Zg (ZkZ c*
g 0*
gzZ vZ h #=Zt
/Ze
$g/q
-ZO
!*

hvZ s
) Z  wZJ
- Z ZZ X u+ KCz >

!*
e
$g/p 7u[ Z
6,R~ ZZ{ {z e Y0^u{zYc*
bzVkZgzZ
) Z L
L tX
) Z vZ oz
) Z

G
X YuggSqgzZ ZvZXgvZ) G
L 3.q6,
RZ c*
46,

G3B+ Z u
E

G3B+ Z L LgzZ H E
G3B+ Z uL L [ZX L Lq i~uz ~ ]
6,qkZ qg VZ >Z >g~y M
X H E

: Z
g ZX !

DMRQVf]E # ] gv f%vm% ]C]] # ] C j$m$ ^$ ]

X c
e vZD+ZyZ {zf
e .
O$( kZ )V ZvZ , Z~VgzZ L L

+
G3B Z uLtL
G3B+ Z L gLzZ
G3B+ Z uL LV
X E
[8vZ AY[8 Z {g Z Z c*

/ZX
Hy E
HM f E

yZX ~
vZJ{ c*
i
{zZzyZZ .ZzvgzZ L L # ^ f&u % c] ] ! m $]:
Hc*

? H g0
+ZbZ
vZ VrZ+ZzXk0*
~]**
JZ}g P MgzZ yJZ yJZZ dZ'
,
Z]|X vZ
6,
V~g
:c*

VrZX c*
y!*
6,

vZzhgzX c*
y!*
6,

vZx KZX c*
hgy+Zz{ gzZ c*
y!*
6,

Dk# # ]E umn oe oF] g ] o ]


X }[c*
{ Zg={zd
$kV;g Ysg LZ[ Z ~GL L
NzNzT g
C~ZJZgzZ 58
- 8
- N ~/k'
,* @*
Z g
CgzZX d
W i M ~y
M dZ'
,
Z ]|[ Z
d
W 1yJZ ~y
M dZ',Z]| \vZ[Z !Xak Q~wdZ'
,
Z]| {i Z0
+Z Zg fX g^Y ngzZ ~q] X
7O ? .Zz A
$ M
h %f  }g a }g ?
/Z Z !Z'
,
Z ? 7 F,
!* ~g }

G3B+ Z
w +Z Zq
-Z ZxQX x **
~yJZ yYx **
V
/ZgzZ 1q?x ~vZ E

G3B+ Z L
X E

udZ',
Z]|~TyJZ ~y
MtX F,
!*
kZ c*
'
,
Z'
,
vZ6,
4
L tgzZ ____zy

+
G3B Z uL L
:H_Z Te
$ M {zq
-ZX g Y7] c*
Mz a? E
DMRQVf]E # ] g v f%vm% ]C]] # ] C j$m$ ^$ ]
X c
evZD+ZyQ .
O$( kZ )V ZvZ {z~VgzZ L L

:
Hc*

(~uz
`i F ^aC^ i ^ri ^ajj] ]] i n q]] ]] . e] . e! ^ ]
Dej]E Xn F] ] p`m # ] ^e # ] oi^m oj# u ]e$j nf o C^`q # ] n] g$ u]

{z LZgzZ K ~(, ? w {z LZgzZgZg LZ Vc*


KZ LZ d
W LZ \
!*
LZ
/Z ( yZ
} Z)L L
gzZvZ[8{ c*
i ( c*
V gZgzZt?)I ]**
k{zLZgzZ Lgsp ~gZi!*
Xg!*
zg
X 7e
$Z@Vd,ZvZgzZX Mt CZv
Z J
-V( Y )zgOZY ~{ZgkZgzZwgkZ

G3B+ Z uLtL utakZ


X [8{ c*
i ~{ ZgvZgzZwgkZgzZvZ,qJ Mt7ZX 2g0
+Z E
:
Hc*

~y M
! apply~0
+
iibg ZrZwZkZ Zg f[ Z
t
DMOQV^]E ne ] m]]] ] o5 # `c ^e n # ] ]! m$] ^`%m ^m5
X
CYsVzgZggzZ+Zzc*
sLZ}gv(ZgzZ]!*
s Z) {zp
/Z{ZWZzZ}
.gzZgZbsZ!yZZIZ}ZL L
7\ M a uYt~}g !*
\ M
/ZX 0Z \ M C M M Zg f6,
yZ a]Zg: Zg Zz
gzZ z
/LZ\ M
I
G
.2;X\ M KZp @*
Y Mg0
+Z M }uz
y M b a
} :u6,Vzuz
|gzZ gZg fpX M wq
7G

G3B+ Z uL
X H E
L y M
X @*M

iEE:c*

\
MX YYc*
g Z
xtgzZ YY$
+
\
MZXgIg
$uq
-Z ~
VxZX y
KZw
X {g bzg ( Zuhc*
) YuhL L DD] f ^m] f
I
4]ZgzZwDZ  @*
" ZgzZ 43e
0I
: !*
{ E
5G


Hc*
F]L L~23e
$ M G
G
$ M yZ >g
HwEZ fL LV~
VxZ
w' ec
e **
M w ' Le {zakZX g bZgzZgZ\
MZ [8w &Xg:
3 $O QO S
g
X zq\ M [ZXqz [8qakZX Zw qgzZ[8\ M gkS w ~w\ M
/Z[ZX Mx Zwc*
M
$7
z 7 7$kZ ~gkZp 7 7~- $\ Mp
/Z
q\ M w gzZD}>avZ\ M
Z Y7 kZp 7CgkZ}g Z
~-$p
/Z bZX 
z {z~Z ~g
#
q
-Z V; yQ|g
kZp 3gZc*
vZx **
CZ kZ e [ZX { gb z g ( Yuh c*
)
HuhL L:c*

~
VxZ ZX g {z
&A
R~ ZZ{tX gZgzZg bZ,~sgzZZ
X g 
]!*
t~
VvZwg ) gzZ ]!*

G3B+ Z uL 6,
]g E
L RZ

G3B+Z uL LgzZ H E
G3B+ Z L L 6,RZ
46,x 6,
C z gq
-Z ~ yZ  ]ZgZ  gz kZX H E

Z(,
 ~,gzZ ,Z @*
6,
C#{z @*
x gzZ C6,
C9z Z 46,x iX (nationalism)
|
g0*


zy e
X CZ f q
-ZC
<
gzZx q
-Z
Zzgg0
+Zzq
-Zg46,x mz{z c*
\g- g(
Y(nationality)yZZzgg0
+ZzukZ  V; X 7m<

c*
g

c*
gX 7c#
kZ

q
/Za kZX Y0E
L%ce +Zq iZC
 ]!*
[ZX  ~
C
c*
g kZgzZZzgz kZ {z
zX z{z
H
Z F,
qZ~gzkS Z?,] Z
Fm%
C
,a
BkZ 7 C!*
.B
_
CY ~ sZ} 9[ Z !*
t } }zX @*
Y c*
{z
@*
Y c*
kg %
6,y M z  D Y gzZ
\
GG3E
4z E
~Y f}g kZgzZ u *gz kS t X e
$L Z%tT
Y : Z F,
T @*
UZ F,
-Z zX
q
L 4Xt X @*
H ZzbdZS
qVrZ bTXwD Z)s~gzkS ZzK|kSVbaZ
wD Z)~X c*
0*
7
GE
GG3E
"N
4zL LVrZ bZ
C :5X [~g 6,

gzZ
gzZ

W
0

gzZ

xY

zg

gzZ

~
gz
"L
E
5E

kS

gzZ

xw
4

gzZ

CZ

ZF,

{z

$
d

gi M

Z (,


<

V Z}
.

{ i @*

yS

kZ

[ZX [ g
/ n >
~zZg c*
g 0*
H 1 VrZ Z {@x yQa kZ ! ] kZgzZ "_
. wD Z
"NyS
GE
"NZ (,
3E
}g [ ZX z

6,(kZgzZ
ggzZ Y7 ` M

7` M ~g V G
[g/
: i Y7TgzZ ]o]
\
: Z F,
Z
#  ~e
$L Z%zZgt?g Z pps} }tX H7g6,|VzqyS akZX ; g
tV;
BqLZ~<
C
X 7Z gzZ g YS7,
 i zc*
tX N Y} 9#
z
t } }\ M ;g Yc*

B~ b
} }kZag Z
ZkZgzZg ZzbZ CYg (Z
ag Z
Zk QgzZg Z
GG3E
4z E
qT] g<
k QtX 1wJVV (rituals)] gIx kZ { XZ \g- 
L 4XtX CY~ s

~
5

GE
"N

kS

Y
L

]g

Z F,
Z F,

U

!}
!}

#
E
LG

t
~

Z F,

"

LG
E

C :h
+'
wD Z~}g !*
kZX z
GE
"N

k
,

u{

zi !*
xsZ
g

}Z

GE
"NkZz
az q
-4,
\ M [ZX
H0z
/
%\ MakZ?Zq\ M z X xwDZ)b 5~u{
}TdZLX gY1ZzLZXg\ M ;g7,
**
6,
Vzuz\ MazX^
,Y**
c*
^
,Y{ze
hZ{z hZ
Xg+F,
Z~]ZgZ` Mg6,

CkZgzZg(Z^ @*
-` M |g}ikZX}z[Zp
D

+
+
G3B Z L Lwq
G3B Z uL gLzZ ____N Y,@*
kZ x
\~g!*
Z f
/
%Z t E
c*
}g Z Z c*
t E
X YF,
!*
kZ c*
Y?vZ

z~gzP

? uH
 ^ e^ e] ^ f ^ fu] ] i$]: HZ
+x ZZt6,
g z[IZy M
 _y]!*
t~K
) Z
!pZ ) # ]
gt Z[ZX _ Yy{z 
= kZ~
VvZwg~[ZwZh?q0~]|~KkZgzZ ( 31: GE
!kZgq
-Z  V;}g
{z g ~ V~fx ZX t
y M z }i~ Vz yS X q
- 4,
DL X3Z L L gq
-ZgzZq
- 4,
x ZL L gq
-Z
1Zx Z]!*
 ]!*
t~f
/ZX uxk!*
<
L z[gzZg]!*
t6,

C{zK? %
3 i{z, 
]!*
hug I!*
ivZg x Z c*
w
x Z c*
m 0Zx ZtY y akZ]!*
N

/Z bZX ut
k0*
yQ? y
V
H0
+
i ~g7~g7KZaq<
L z[V!*
gzZxXtgq
- 4,
DIZV;}g %ZX uzt

1Zx Z~KkZX YH6,ZgyQgO$yZK7bo ^Z<
L z[VrZgzZ D OZ6,
yQ
r
t 7
/
zz kZyiz~]!*
C
akZX z g }6,gZ-]!*
~Y~
tg
$u 9s w}
/Z L
L wt
X Ho ^ZkZY A<
L z[gzZ H]!*
KZ<
L z[ k QzzkZ
]!*
V#
4} ~* ` MgzZ Hs %Z
1Zx Z *Z LZ
x ZgzZ
-1ZVz
/
A Z
1ZWZ ZV; }g zz
4E
58 76,Zg 

x Zw
)g Z'
L Lq
- 4,

1Zx Z 6,
gwVX 6,Zg
x ZgzZ
-1ZEG
1Zx Z9z Z {z
4E
58 76,Zg 
1Zx Z {z :6,kZ~4}p
J
-Z
# V; }g X Hs%Z yQVz
/
yQ X 6,Zg EG
T
Hgzi Zzmw
D[Zn
pg7}kZ Y f c*
Mgzq
-ZkZX g cqq
-Z ;g~A
~kZpX g (Z Y f~gz kS  o Zq
-ZtX YH6, Zx fO Z6 [Z t{ c*
i]Z~ Zzz
]Z f KZ
/Z%ZX 7utOX Y ]!*
kZ 6,
C<
L z[
7
/
q !N~]Z f KZq
C
- 4,
DIZ
: ~}g !*
[ IZy M
 6 un QtgzZ unkZ Y1y q !N~
DOMVej]E # ]  ^e^e] ^f ^fu] ]i$]

X 1gVAgzZY fLZhgvZ ( gz) VrZ L L

yZykZX
H1y q !N~]Z f KZ% g{ Zet ~ yZysV; }g X Y 5gzZY fDI6 zakZ
* ]
.F
?% Zg v
/Z L L !h
+VLG
/4g { =&M /L L mZpzx Ziy!*
i'!*
bkZgzZ #ZegzZg :)gf~
~


/Z ]!*

$
q

% e X u{gt X yZgDZ **
Zzv**
ZX z c*
z3g [ZiY KZ ?
gzZ }kZ
/ZgzZX t
/ZX Y ? g
$uzy M
gzZ Y g0
+Zg0
+Z} ],
Z<
L z[ Y
X utYc*
bzU

t
~-6,
gzZ
46,zgzZ qgzZz,ZX qgzZ -6,
L gLzZ qgzZ
L
L yYX Y1g6,yQUi ~A L
L M [Z
&gzZ[q
X " Z (,{z : +Zz&X ])" Z (,{z: z&X/_
.gLE
-Z(KZ zX qgzZ
+
G3B Z LtL 6,
X E
zZ
yZvZgzZg ,@*
vZ x t
/Z[ZX "gzZ])" (Z : x gzZ\LZ
+
G3B Z uL L{zY'
X E
,
Z'
,
c*
YF,
!*
vZ q
-Z
/Z@'
,
kZ

\ M ]!*
kZgzZ} ZgzZ J0
C
+Z\ M ]ogzZ
/ZX 7u Zg t X 46,,L L -6,gzZq
-Z bZ
IF
4&\ M  gkZ
ZL LDD% m o m o!$ ] f% uEE: 
~
VxZ]!*
X uGtgzZ 46,
,tgL G
a
(political g(q
-Z {!*
kZ ]!*
g.
gzZX Zg~ *~ ^46,,` M X
ZgzZ J0
+ZN**

&
Z F,
zzkZ
Z F,
76,
g(hobby)a+gBE
z Z
/ZZYS0
+X
HH develop~*w concept)

Lz IZz bTX g} a


}uzq
-Z
Zzp
pg]ogzZ k QgzZ Y~V~fVkZ
hero worshipkZX C[ZgzZ g C~* 46,
,tX (unifying force)ZzhB}uzq
-ZgzZ
+ ~L
Z
L t I CZ yQp
7
z d
$
i L{z t wq r
# q
-Z ~Y qi>V; }g X
Hc*
x **
]gzp
GE
"N{z }]!*
gzZ
6,
,t[ZX
i ~'gzZV@*
xsk
,
WZ
t)
/Z ? HgzZ 7(hero worship)46,
&
V~fV,k
,
kZgzZK+gBE
6,ZX Z7Za g ~ ~g kZgzZL7OB] !*
t
GE
"N} i bZX YY6,
` M 7tgzZX 46,
,gzZ 46,y
KZ
tX Z F,

V~f]ogzZkZ @*
I~g @*
Zg0
+Z
X !*
 zkZ
bkZ6,fy
KZ
t! zZgzZ c*
tK Z Z {z e bc*
g
/ZX bL LgzZq
-Z~ i` M
;g Y Y7 x q
-ZgzZbq
-Z c*
X -6,bk Qtv
Z f Yabk Q O\vZ **
%gzZ k QY gzZ

CY

~g

6,

E
L j8

CY

J e

C : Zg \ Z(,
X

uS

zig M

F,

0
+
i

J e~ V0
+
i k Q
yZ 7y
KZ {z Q ! H Z'
: 7Z
: lg M
: zig M J
-Z
# g0
+Zy
KZ
; M6,(kZ7ZgzZ Z
# X 7Z vZ L L{zgzZ
9q
-Zs7ZpX human vegetable{z
0
+
i
: Z
g ZX u
H

DMRQVf]E # ^f&u % -] ,! m$] # ] g v `f%vm% ]]] # ]  j$m$ ^$ ]

zZXce vZD+Z yQ {zf


e.
O$( k Q )V ZvZ ,Z ~VgzZ L L

X ~vZJ{ c*
i
{zZzyZZ .Zzvg

4$M
GG3E
4zL
L kZX e7kZ+ L Zg p
:
c*
Mt Q wu} (,gz kZ t
L V[n]!*
t G
IF
4&] ZgLZtX H7_[f$
GG3E
4zg Bt
~gzkZp! m Z E
O 8h
+
(nationalism)
L G
+Y f}g t
C :Zg \ Z (,
yZX [pkZwD Z)

!2

:
I!
L 5

~

Z e

V.6,
~

vM

Z
kS

~%
~

{6,:gzZ]c*
yS [fV}Y~X
HZ e~v M dZ'
,
ZV
HZ e~v M ]c*
Z/h
+]
.gzZyzd
$ h
+]
.~
Y f}g {@x
Zg Z',qkZwD Z)X yJZ Z**
g yZgzZ **
{ M kS #
QygzZ 
C0
+
iZ kS  H
DtJ
-Z
# p *e F,
gzZ * e
Y f}g gZ+DV@*
~X %Zz[p D<
L z[ tXn7kZ
distribution ) Zg fax Z kZX J
-}i {z Z
# @*
q{Z
+ A
$ # 0*
k Q} 9~ * e {z : J
-}i gz kS

E4F
7{z $
]!*
 bq~
@(gap of communication)Y q
-Z ZgXg 7` M E5G
+pX N M DkS  g g ( channels

]c*
gzkZF,Q~Z
Z
# M ~A
$u gzkSakZX Y]c*
gzkS ]!*
kZ]gzZX g 0*
7V M
G
X C# h N~^zZ &L'!*
KgC
p CkCZ)gzZ Kgp
/Z]!*
tX Y
b sZ **
Y} 9N} }p
~gz
gJ
-uKZ] !*
tX ]!*
Xg zkZgzZ} }r
# q
-Z
&
gzZ} }:gz
uq
- 4,
}tX N Y} 9[ Z !*
|0
+!*
B; M} }\ M l t!~
VvZwg )A"
$U*
t
!
O
Q]|gzZXg q0h
+i]|,ZX c*

/7} }p~} !*
yYKZ~uQ zh@0 E{!]|X h(KZ **

Xg z
&A
/ Z9aLZ ~
VvZwg ) ]|X 7^
,Y**
Y} 9Bqz q akZgzZ b s} }pX Hig p
:c*

\
M } 9 Z Za\
M6,
p=~
VxZ e
$Zzgh) Q1Z]|X c*

I jx Z
DD^e ^e m q^ ] i ^ ] i EE

X D Y} 9aW}uzq
-ZvQz c*
Y:} 9 ( 6,
p=})v ? L L

i~ V~f Og76,x LZ LZ {e{eyZgzZ,7t


J
-Z
# ~ Vzq Vz yS X qgzZ 46,zL LgzZ qgzZ m Z E
O 8L L
XN YZa wDZ

\
avZs e
$L Z%L L

\
\
\vZsgzZe
$L Z%
t'g 2
+
gzZ **
7g 2
+**
} 9[ a **
{>**
qgX e
$L Z%L
L zb
Z]
E
'
\
x.kS k QakZX: u+
M k Q e
utkZgzZ6,
tG x Ze
$L Z%tavZ)
/ZX Zzga
&A
aWgzZ[ ZX ^
,Y>kZq
Hc*
}g Z
x Zw>+Z
# 6,~
VvZwg ) X N Y{Zev
| (,
M k QgzZJ
-u qg Dt ~ iX @*
Y Zg f MZ
# vg )
,X ~gzZ]y
KZ N k Q
# pX 7x ZwgzZ qN ]Zg(Z Z}
Z
.c*
: Z ~ k QggzZ}okZ%**
{>gzZ qg t gzZ @*
Y `J
-u}>
&
GLG
" Z@6,~
M>kZ ZX $
Mg ~ #
QkS ~g FgzZ Zet V b } i Zzgx {z E
&Og
VvZ wg )A
Xa \vZst7{>vZ)+
M [Z
Hc*
}g Z
x Zw
&
C ]|~A kZ
s Zzp
pgm 6Y 5q\
M X g f zgq
-Z , m~yuZ U*
Z OE
G
C&yZy
C :wD ZwX
HZ
z
L !~[ !*
>tp
~yZys)**
g ~h
+Z \
M  OE
M

g ZwZ

gZ

I
T

u
H

E$E
L

x
/

y
/
T

{z

z'

vZ

lp + q Y f~g!*
g ~g uY f[ ZX ugzZ ^
,Y**
t c*
: U*
ZX Zgg0
+Zg !*
g h> V- Zz
OX ]: #!*
~wkZ Y^ lp{
!*
}7{>tX YZ't {
!*
kZ
c*
M ~
/9t[Z
C&]|{ 
V;z **
M V VrZa7t {
!*

HHt x Z[ ZX 't { 
!*
yQgzZ
Hc*
s OE
!*
C&]|pXN qu A
~kZ U*
LZ OE
$,g
/
~kZa7t {
!*
g9Kgq
-Z~kZ g Z-q
-Z
tX st vZsy
/
takZX u M$y
/yQ: Za <
t~ugzZB4N*

3
\
{z qgzZ c*
;g{>G e gZ ZagzZ ZvZ e
$L Z%VVZX $
7t ZvZp $

X u

.5Eg 2
uvZG
+
X @*
7Ig 2
+
t` Z'
xsZ w ZX 7agzZ Y avZs $
/Zg 2
+
OX a\vZsg 2
+
X 7~(,
Vjz LZ c*
?X V7,
z~Yx tgzZ Vzt~Yx tZ
/Z !vZ} Z i Z0
+Z S
QgzZf 6
Cc*
t
~}g !*
g 2
+ !
~
VxZ X 7 6,` V; kZX  kZgzZz M
h  z: ~i !*
}t vZ
:c*

\
M Hc*
g
DDnf] e tjm ^$] X * m ^n- m $ ]EE

X @*
Y1Zdz'kZ
C: C M:g 2
+L L

: Z
g Z~] V(X xi**
Zg7kZ g 2
+
/ZwqpX

8ZdyZ)g fg 2
+\vZf
ex kv
D^]/]E G]n_j % - ^ ^m ^m $^e m
X #sC
M TDg ey k QgzZD~g7g 2
+( ~* )vtL L
g 2
+
agzZ
/ZX 7agzZ
avZsg2
+wqX:g kZ M **
Z h [Z
Hx : (Z
X ugzZ ~fgakZ aTg 2
+
X
HgzZ Zzg~
# q

H kZ ZtkZ

7avZ)
X
] L LDD^f ] ^% ]EE:gzZ X
C
 ] L LDD ^f ] % ^% ]EE: ~
t
g ZX qa~Y Z b
Z]
: Z
gZ

D]E H mF $`q n oi ^f fjm m$] $ ] grj] o] e% ^


$k{z ( D ) Dg bZ ] ~v GX VzwJ ( )g ~g v~zg = c*
d

g}g vgzZ L L
X
Zgz?fV4Z~3

7Dg vZ
/ZX **
Y !*
S ] Zg **
Y !*
S X c*
M ] L L~} }uzgzZ L L~} kZX Z ~(,e
$ Mt
]|{z `z!
`
 ~y M
6,kZX }g Z\ M LZ {t X \ M LZ ?
gzZY =Zg0
+Z}gv
: d.
D]E Xn n o$ ] k] ^ o ] h
X}
wZ e~~ k QC
VM~!g gz6,
}} Z L L
{zYZ 0*
-Z @*
q
{zMq
-ZX N O]9zgzq
-Z
/ZgzZ
8 A ^ 9zgk nVZp @*
Mq
-Z
\vZsY =Z 0%YX ` Z e
$gzZ ` Z akZXYZY Zt vZ ZX ` ZkZ
:
Hc*

X d
$i
D^E Onv] o% ] # ] t # ] o] ,] j] ^$ ] ^%m ^m5
X
] {2i *"vZgzZ ~[vZ ( ` Z)M

?!} Z L L

nvZ ( @',
kZ )
@*
g
/
g Z **
7Z DwZ?yQ
/ZtnVzL
L 
ywV~g \ ~(,kZ~
VvZwg
C X 7_ }} Cg
/
g Z **
]!*
tvZX
C~g Z **
Z D7wZkZt
7
!7

N
{Zg

X VzwJN ~g v~( z )zg = g}gvL


L 6,
%Z grj] o] e% ^e
$ M !*
{g
4Zd
$k{z( 2~ )Dg bZ] ~v GL L( 0.Z ) H mF $`q n o i ^ f fjm m$] $ ]
X
Zgz?f~3V

w2

{Zg

**
g vZgzZ H7g vZq
-Z
/ZX} Vzgx v **
g vZq
-Zt ~ g gzZ [ Z
gzZ ` Z ` kZgzZ g gzZ g vZ
/ZXg2Z (,vZ z g 4ZQ 7]gzg }g vvZQ 7
: ug I 
\vZX Y Z uLtL !*
y kZ
Dr]E R]u] # ] ]i # rF] $ ]

X z g #
gzZ BvZ:avZ
( @*
{>6,
zZX
KZ
IZ {zc*
),KtgzZ L L

utc*
6,
zZvZ~A gzZz
) Z
/ZgzZX ut ;g YZg gzZ BBvZ # ] L LV
\vZ Z =F # ] ^ ^ ]X ] !*
Zz]n e F $ t;g YZggzZ Og \zug nvZ
/ZgzZX Ze| (,

] 4n j ^m$] f ^m$]:D{zZ\vZ~gC
i X Y Z L
L tX YZg #
gzZ Bk Q c*
{ z

,gzZD~s( !vZ} Z ) L L f ^ m$]: 2p ZtZ ] Z gzZ aC


gzZ[]E
LO
!
4gzZ_ sgzZ L L 4n j ^m$]
G
G
4]Z + Z Z )G-dZ !cq
-Z
tX 8ZgzZg }3E
-g !*
gzZq
-Z~ K
*
* Z )-dZX  p Z ! q
G
4]Z **
!*
^q
-ZX 
z kZX b ; tX 8ZgzZ xe ] Z%g }3E
7
Zpg t t + Z
g0
+Zg0
+ZA2Z gzZ[ Z ~C
X k Q bq
-Z ~, 0*
Zg f=VH ~}X **
~C

&A
X ~gz
8yY'!*
&~}g !*
gzZ`

:ykZ  St~
VvZwg ) ~KkZt]!*
f
eVZ ZhpF,
ZgzZ D
"zZ OgzZ *
@Y
/
6,
}i Z hgzZ Dg Z6,
"zZ\
M
/Z t Z
/ Z'
CZ ~
Vx ZX zpx LZ
gzZ bq
-Z tp
/Z xe **
yz ~C
Z wqpX Y: Za xg0
+Z~C
Z @*
zz kZgzZ Yx ZtY~ w] !*
t~}g !*

/Z%ZX 0 ` Z'
LZ LZt
7Uu~ kZ1 g
G
E
u L gLzZ @*
[ M~%gzZ[s MZg
zk QX @*
Y0~Zgq
-Zt;gq Og$ zZg~g Zizt
/
t k Q
vZ n zsa}g v{zBgzZ}okZ t9~KkZX # ^e $] $
x @*
YZ
#Z
+ZikZ ZzggzZAB~C
ZwqX}x {za}g v{z Z e]!*
~wkZ vZX e
X
HZa yZZzgzZ8z
6,
bzz[Z ~C
yZ @*

wg **
Zz!%X vZ 
vZ L
L Cgt6,
g~g)c*
~gCg Zza{zZ
# V Vh1~(,
KZ\ M
vZXvZ 7Zz~Z 
evZ
/Z A
$| G
& ~ Zz6,\vZ:6,Zz8zgzZt p
e
$Z@gzZ<
L ~
VvZ
V#aa LZkZg YB C {z@'
,
kZpX gzZ 
{zX } Zz% e
O
tV Z **
X
H6,
Zz O]Z f Z}
. gzZZ yZ @*
C
t kZXg 0*
7yZ c*
M%Za` c*

g 0*
Z7`Z e

VV; V+4gzZ 7V;z` ]z!*


` +F,
+]
h
.gzZ:6,M}g X D%v~yZgzZM%Z7x
I4F
5_kZ ~M%ZX  C
&} (,} (,~gzc^
5E
 9X ~B; yQ  7
/
(ZX ggzZig HE
C
,hG
*
* {z
7` ZbzyZv
Z f \vZX ~B; vZsgzZsOgt{ogzZ,{ .ZyQ~
) ,Z ~gbzz[ Z
gDaLZ g Z X e:vZJ

-Z
# 7| G
& ~[ZgzZXg 6,
p:
L % e
% gzZ LL L # ] $] $* n v] o ^ :
kZ\ M LZ Z
/
/
t M Z
# ~[Z ~C
X 7ZvZ LI

%ZX CY Za l M V;z c*
Z~B; ZgzZ Yx Z't } KZgzZ}?ft
4]Z + Z Z )G-dZavZ)X
3G
X 8ZgzZg }E
:gzZbzg : bzgz: YYZg 7
/
ZvZF,
C
!*
[Z ~C

N N
X u
wZ zg vZY 1zZ #gzZx ~(,Zgt V; Y 5X V Le bs
# z~ T gzZ c"q
-Z~ KkZ
G
E
" V# kzuwkZt X }0
35
53E

V#Za E
+
g #
@kZ \vZ5X CY~
B_Z 0GE
G
: c*
M~y M
~}g!*
V
X @*
\vZg ZzX Yc*
Zj
Dmvj]E F+ m ^ m ] ^ # ] m
X
*
@Yc*
7Z TD zgzZ D7 
**
vZ ( 
) {zL L
3{z] X] QgzZ5V  M V H5dZ I $X ]4Z5
V"

_Z 0GE
E3G
" x ZvZ
35wZyQ b Zzg Z vZY 1zZt Zgq
5E
w\vZ {zgzZ @*
Y c*

~ _Z 0GE
-Z X Z ~ E
G
}gzZ 7ykZi Z `g {t p

g ZgtVjt6,g~B7? +Z <
L z[p
/Z=X D Yq
-~kzu
tVrZXn
pgZ
<
L zy M
\
MV}Y~gzZ ~
q
-Z=B~
vZ z{ 
X 7`w~h
ey kS q
- 4,
ILG
" q ZgzZ C
yQgzZ Lh( g pQ)
! Z0Q]|~MzZ
# t\
M ?q
-ZX b bg I
Zg
:c*

~
VvZwg
zi !*
Vz
DD ] $r] o n_m ]q km]EE
X gQD h Z~
A B5Q
 ~L L
G
35Y 1y ? kZ
ZgzZ CY
b Zzg Z vZY 1zZ~ _Z 0E
/Zp
0 Y Znt zg g Ig
$ukZp
/Z
E3G
" ~0
3 t X Y Zg yZ
5E
u**
g dZ I $ 0 _Z 0GE
_7
/
t kZ Q  D Y
C
{zB5~ E
+
zZ}
.
G
c*
L}
LZ ea{zXvZsYZg X Yut
~!LZ} Z L Lo % ] m ]fq ^m
/ZX
] i : M
Z zgi ZX zg \vZs 'X g gzZ 7]i YZX x Qt}
bzgvZ z

/ZX g #
qgzZ BvZgzZ L L( 88:7Z ) ! ^ F] # ] i :gzZ !zg #
gzZ BvZ:L L( ~Z ) R ]u] # ]
] Zt X YutYZg yZ
/Zp
7Uu~kZ
rg Zg !*
{g~}g !*
vZY 1zZg Zd
X 7Rz ~ukZ YZgZ\vZ6,
zZ~C
zA

mZ ___xi qJ]
*
*x ( agzZ 3V.\NgzZ c*
g kZX xiqJ]  mZ L Lz b
~y
MgzZ VZv0*
]
:5~
tg
$uq
-ZX H Zz[p~
VvZwg **
uyZgzZ
7Rz~uyZX ,*zb~v
DD-] o]m $ i -] o]m ^ -] o]m o# EE
X [u{zHa} z3 TgzZ [u{z3g {izga} z3 T[u{zS7,
i a} z3 TL L
z~kZ [6,
gDgzZx V# @*
Za x| (Present Perfect Tense)wq 4 L LZ
# 6,
~y!*
i!
t {zgzZ Z9a"7,i
/Z H ZzB|q
-g!*
gkZZaggzZ e
$Z@~g ~
VvZ wgX 7R
i \ M
/ZV@*
Hy6,gwV~X LtL }sZg f {>}
qz 7,
IIgzZuu Zg f i
;gNZ 
Y 0*
{>\ M [Z ;gN\ M B \ M Z
# p ,{>&._w\ M ;g:N \ MgzZ Vg| 7,
7vZ}>Zz
a\z ug nvZ {>w&\ M yY? ~[ {>zh
+'
v\ M
}g !*
L LX W vZ **
f Z
L
L Z ~
VvZwgX ugzZz}>q
-Z c*
X g 3\ M& {z
/8F[ZX 9 w{ (q
a y G
-Z g6,{(~]Zgq
-g @*
Z A Z 'TgzZ 9 kZ 
gZ ~
VvZwg~
?ukZ

t Z}t ~}g !*
} LZ \vZ ]!*
~(,Xt CY Mt |tY Mt x lZ&{u
~W( Z',
Z {Z) {zgzZ L L( >Z ) e n!] ^ ^ :c*

\zug nvZ~}g !*
dZ'
,
Z]|gzZX 7u{
)**
] gzZwu Z(,
kZ
~(,
kZgzZ HgzZl!*
gzZ*zb~(,

kZX
Hc*
~q
-ZkZ YY ZxX 7
C : wD Z~i Z0
+Z}g \ } (,
 ]!*
X 7~W{V#ZL
L HgzZ (testimonial)

,k
,

Vl

Za

Z'
,

k
GE
GE
GE
"NY x \ M X  D Y M}
"NC
"Ng0
t 7
!*
CY 7y
KZ syS  !*
M }
+ZVlLZ
uqkZX
g]!*
tX ut Dg vZ)\ M X ut D{>G\ MX u
yZugzkZ6,
gm{X l M uVV~gzZ}o\ M gzZ WzgzZ Zg f{KZpX 7z~
@*
Q: Z- LZ L Lg `7\ M LZpu46,
pgzZu7kzZKZ u46,
,u46,
zu46,
{ t!
D
}o
gzZb{z{ Zp>gzZC
wqX 'XugzkZ~Zt
;g Y`Ks Zy
KZ
/
gzZ]Z f KZ V
& uZ H
gzZ $iC
@',
kZ ! ,VZZ 0G
0E
tL L X (corollary)c 
gzZ {z
t Z


X ]g: u
t Z

D
}o
gzZb{z e Ze

? uCC
vZ H
6,gwV? uCC
vZ zgkZ Mt =!*
{g u ;gZa wZt ]~V~f]Z|[ Z
w vZgzZ c*
uF,
<~w ,ZX
Hut~uF,
i hgvZ1
7,
i vZ
48:Y Z ) !m$ F  ^ m e !m% ] m # ] $ ] : @*

(zy M
X u{k
HC
bkZX
Hut| (,

]n~T{],
Z {z[Z X } j eT{ k
HF,
kZ%Z Y HuBkZ 
7s
/
kS \vZ GL L( 116z
C

z|L Lk Q c*
; g7ZawZt~f
/ZXce**
Za i~V~fwZtX 0c~g7kZgzZZwZt? H{z
yZ
X 7z6,
c~g7kZ ulZ
s {z yZ~}g !*
],
gzZ Vk
H{LgzZ {Rsq
-Zy M
yYt] !*
-Z~[ !*
q
Vk
H
u]] $ ] f5 f jrm m$]: Z
$] j
g Z~Z >gOX 7h
+
/
6,
yZ @*Mt t{q
-Z~}g!*
yZX D Y
Vk
HLgLgX N YiuyQ ( {k
HLg )g]t OS D6,
wdZ AAgzZVk
H} (,
} (,
v L L( 32e
$ M ) $ ]
V- ~gZ >g]!*
X 

/] !*
Kg KgC
 7$ {gp v
Z f \vZX 7
/yZV; \vZ

s \vZ
u]] $ ] f5 f jrm m$]: 
Zx '
D6,
V"gzZVk
H} (,
} (,
v{zL L( 37e
$ M ) j

X 3g Z],
]Zg Z Fn ],
L L\zug nvZ

lF^n $ ] f m kFv] $ ]: Z
g ZX Tg lp{k
H{R @*Mt tgq
-Zg
$uzy M
~}g !*
Vk
H
4O]VYZ GL L( 114:)
K ni X 7],
p Tg ],
Dn\ M Z
# X  ( VZ'
,
KgKg )] 5JG
{RV; kZ @*
V; Z
# Dz @*M ~~
tg
$uq
-ZX Dgs { k
H{Rk Q6,
xC
s
yZgzZ  +t X  D Y R { k
HZz iu yZ DyZ c*

0z
IZ !*
bZX  D Y R {k
H
X YYH7s %Z ~Zg
w
Hwf yl
gzZ L L q
-Z**
x } Zg ZgzZ1yY  L L q
-Z @*
t t
Zuzy M
~}g !*
{k
H
X
Hx yl
gzZ 17+
M x v!*
X 74gzZ} Zg Z~kZX g tZ
H7,{6,
>gXgzZ **
Yg {k
H 
gzZ **
Yg {k
H gzZ yl
XgzZ}
HpgzZ}g {e**
:
KX **
Y ua
K
~
Vwg LZ \vZ6,` ZcE
Zz ~ V Z @

nlt
Hc*

~}g !*
]c*
M z ~y
M >Z
L ^Ijt gzZ  Z @
t ^^_] ] ^n$ ] ^]* i ^ e$ :V5p ZX 0ckZ ~g Zq
-Z e
$ M ~uz~yZX H 0#
Qz
gzZ;g Yc*
{ k
H1yYgzZ;g
/Zp ! nr n:
/~g Y( iut) gzZw
/Z !}g g} Z L L( 286e
$M )
gzZyl
~kZ K
M~g !*
zg LZq
-ZX @*
Y VZgu{k
HZ (,q
-Z G~]gkZ Y1 ) {k
,
eQ6,k Q
x
/ZyYX u|gqt b
g !*
zgk Q {zgzZ 3gg (Zqx Zwq
-Z]Zzz dgzZ6,g~ Zg Z kZ 7n
} E6,x ZvZ]Z ~EgzZ] !*
.z]ZpKZ c*
_
q
-Z[g ZZ CakZ Y0u{k
HC
,t6,g
pX
Hc*
7g Z
uk Q ~Zgyl
gzZ wf {k
HJ
-Z
#  !*
$gzZx Z (,\vZtpX c*
M',
Z',
I**
zIvZ7Z c*
~
G
"]!*
t~
u{zY )Zk
,
e My
KZ6,
kZgzZ;g YHB} Zg ZgzZg
gzZ~Zg  L Lx
/ZV;gn{ Zzg Z5E
Z zgi ZX 7{k
H3g 0^y
KZ~
qkZ ;g YZ%u{zgzZ6,yYy
KZ
7g
q ~g ZCZ
/Z%ZX YVZg
6,
k Q ( ~h
e3Y Zx Zw!*
{g) :izugzZ u ()g6 :L L( 173:>Z ) n $] ^ $ ^e n $ _] : M

X s t:3 Zg XyY{zgzZ6,
yY
/Z , Z X 7{k
H

gzZyl
'
( H ) Z',
-ZT!7VY L L n g o F e:Z 
q
g ZX581e
$ M >Z >g~KkZ

X q~(,
 C n i~{X {Z n L LX: VYq
-Z {z egzZ1yY Z',
{zt
7
~kZg ZCZ

)Zk
,
e bkZ {z6,
{k
Hq
-ZkZ '
{ k
HkZ 1Z=
kZgzZ L L jn_ e k^u] Vc*

MX  ],
L Ls 7
],
L L~kZ
( >Z ) c F ^ n t ^$] gvF] 5^ X:{k
HV7+Z+
$Y 1, Z~}=
LZk Q{k
H
 Z
X aWgzZg  Zwg Z t XN M y
s !*
v M 75{zt X
ga ~ kZ {zX 5v L L

g: +Z +
$Y  1q Z bkZ k QgzZx Zz6,k QgzZ
HH} Zg ZgzZ{z ;g~g7 t
/Z {k
HZ(,q
-Z Zx
vZ {zgzZ tkZYkZgzZk Q6,
k QgzZ Y
/Z%ZX ug Z|KZ {z:{k
HV
X s [z[kZ \vZ : { Zg Z zb
x0
+
iKZZgzZ): Zk
,e6,
kZ}

?:u6,
V ZzwqZ
} (,a :u{z CYg Z{ c*
iZ
# ~ zg yQ, ZvV; }g tX Z (,q
-Z~KkZ
:
/
uZzp
C
utYc*
CtqC
t9X Z(,tX uV#gzZuV#D[
C
GE
"NVy M
g Z]
.p,n9n yZp
HyuyZX c*
7g Z
u[IZV;z c*
g Z
uV26,
 6,
gwVX Y
m F $q ^ o n !] gFj] ] ] m$] $ ]:
Hc*

~y M
X g {e{e m,n9nztJ
-
z~y
MX

~W ZxX
g~kZ {zgzZv M 3{z~WgzZ~[ IZ HVXGL L DRVnf]E ^ n
<X Y7~ 
VYWg p
Y~ 
VY[IZyq
-ZX  m,n9n{eztg ~[IZgzZg
^e^e] ^f ^fu] ]i$]: M
Z zgi Z _C~up
/Z[IZX uL
L 3gx **
ayZ\vZX ttg0
+Z
!pZ ) # ] e] xn] pF$] k^ # ] e] m n] k^:gzZ ( 31: GE
!pZ ) # ] 
g gzZ g
CvZk
,
V-L L( 30: GE
]gze
$Z@ E
+Z kZy M
OX c*
7gZ
uyZp Hyu yZ \vZ X
g
CvZ ( x?Zm}) [
L i i Z0
X Y7u1yY{z VZPkZTgzZ |
# 6fq
-Z kZgzZ \ |z V yTy =X
G3E
4XZ~kZgzZx e
} :u6,V, Zp
:
/

C
$Z@
Zz7Z
VZeyS X 0gzZ **
VZegzZ%
t
&
G3E
4XZ~yuX ._{Q~
:
VvZwg )A :gzZ ._bzgy M
:tb^ pyQ c*
8^ \ M LZyQ

:~
tg
$ q Z
/ZXn,ZX Yc*
: uZ Dy %Z
/
6,k QY Ml M u~wqZTp Y
i EE:gzZX
y2+iL LDD m ] ^ $ ]EE: ~
tg
$uX Hk QuF,
i q
-ZT x,t~zg
xsZgzZ L LDD$ ] ] ] ne ]EE:gzZ X [{zc*
uF,
i( g%)1yYTL L DD ] j $ ]
VXX t
y M z}i~VzqyS ?Y c*

Z ~hgiq
-Z T H X i ( O7M) t
( yxggzZ
) yxg
kZX D YizuzzmZgzZmLZ {zV;gn] !*
tB~g^ayZ~ CYg ZgzZ 0E
!_
.g0
+Z
G
G
zb &Z
L .7+
L .7b{e}uzq
-ZyQ } :u6,zQyQyp Ygzuu ]!*
kZ]gz~K
G
X s V
L .7gzZ]

G
Lp
~ga{zY1Zl
y Z hKX ~gaq
-Z ~ga X V wVgzZq
-Z~as
# zc!*
{g

-Z ~w u, ZX 7(Z~xsZv
q
Z f X Y c*
^ B; k Q 1 Zl
Bzgq
-Z  7
/
(ZX 76,~gaC
C
Zwh
+
G
N*
7B; ga 6,~ga w p)bZX q
-~ !kZpZz Zl
w {zakZ 7Zwh
+L6,k Q Zl
w & 

G
Zw{y  k
,
6,V-ga !*
X (definition)p s
# z ~g7 kZ x Z  Zwh
+L6,~ga TOX Y
/Z bZXgzZ {zB; gzZ t :Z ~ga6,~gaTp

~ga~gaq
-Z bT X N Y}g } h c*
Y ~}
u G{z
HxgzZ { k
HZ(,

4Z~ {z
/Z X 76,{k
HC
t :Z up
7~ kZ
u{k
HC
,t
Q ;g~g7 _ Zx u{k
Hy
/ZgzZX Y7uZz[g Z {k
HC
!ce g{t
kZ Z Y VZg
~ kZX 7 : u6,yg0
+Z
c*
g sZ X Zzh
e [\z ug nvZ ! ]gz H : u6,kZ
kZ b}g Z
up
V#gzZ 
V# $
tX 7 p,n9n ~ m,n9n z 
L gLzZ
LL

{z M
h} 7 t ~ * kZX 7~< :kZ bg Z
o,ZX 7g0
+Z :
% ikZ X yZZ H~ w  }Y vZt X
n ~ ZZ yY [gzZ XgzZ xsZ N ck
,
i M
h 7cLG

0F
@+Gi !*
V; }g kZX } [{z x
c*
g sZt 
V#}} : Z9 e  7(individual act)

0uZut
BW **
g (Z{zBk QgzZ b}g Z
ukZ Y M<
u Zg fg0
+ZZX
H1 wCZ
KgzZG
g]!*
}uzq
-Z Z]
.!*
]4X ;g7(communication)w 
[Z ~ Za y@*
+Z 0kZX
bZX}g Z
u D7I
/
3gxl6,vZZpLZ~A
C
/Z X 7g a
X , { c*
iLZ , Vzuz (concession)e
$ggzZ3,
bkZce
GE
34XZ~ kZ Y i#
yZ > kZX Z(,t
8ms k Q}g Z
up
:
/

C
ut
X60
+Z yv 7

l^] n] ^ o ]j] ] o ]

You might also like