Multiple Classification Analysis using SPSS

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TEKNIK ANALISIS DATA

VARIABEL TERPENGARUH / DEPENDEN VARIABEL (Y) VARIABEL PENGARUH / INDEPENDEN VARIABEL (X) NOMINAL Dikotomi NOMINAL Dikotomi 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Difference of proportion test Chi-square Fisher s exact test Phi coefficient Chi-square Kendall s VCT Man-Whitney Smirnov-Kolmogoronov Analysis of variance Difference of means test (Scheffe test) Sign test M-test U-test Cross-classification analysis
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Politomi

Politomi

1. 2.

Chi-square Kendall s VCT

ORDINAL

INTERVAL

1. 2. 3. 4.

Analysis of variance with interclas correlation Dummy variables multiple regression Multiple classification analysis Cross-classification analysis

TEKNIK ANALISIS DATA

VARIABEL TERPENGARUH / DEPENDEN VARIABEL (Y) NOMINAL Dikotomi Politomi ORDINAL 1. 2. 3. 4. Rank-order correlation Kendall s tau Gamma Coefficient of concordance VARIABEL PENGARUH / INDEPENDEN VARIABEL (X) ORDINAL 1. Kruskall-Wallis 2. Friedman s 2 way analysis of variance

INTERVAL

Ubah var ordinal jadi var nominal & pakai analysis of variance, DVMR, MCA atau Ubah var interval Jadi var ordinal & pakai statistik non-parametrik

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TEKNIK ANALISIS DATA

VARIABEL TERPENGARUH / DEPENDEN VARIABEL (Y) NOMINAL Dikotomi Politomi ORDINAL Ubah var ordinal jadi var nominal & pakai logistic multiple regression & discriminant analysis atau Ubah var interval jadi var ordinal & pakai statistik non-parametrik 1. 2. 3. 4. Correlation atau regression Multiple correlation atau multiple regression Path analysis Partial regression VARIABEL PENGARUH / INDEPENDEN VARIABEL (X) INTERVAL 1. Logistic multiple regression 2. Discriminant analysis

INTERVAL

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Multiple Regression and Multiple Classification Analysis

Introduction This chapter examines a model of multivariate analysis, involving simultaneous consideration of several independent (predictor or explanatory) variables and one dependent variable, where the objectives of analysis are: (i) To know how well all the independent variables together explain variation in the dependent variable. (ii) To know how well each independent variable is related to the dependent variable, either considering or ignoring the effects of other independent variables.
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Multiple Regression and Multiple Classification Analysis

The following data analysis situations can be visualized, depending upon the measurement properties of the dependent and independent variables.
Dependent variable Independent variables Statistical techniques One Interval scale Interval scale Dichotomous, Polytomous
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Several Interval scale Nominal Nominal Multiple Regression Multiple Classification Analysis Multiple Classification Analysis

Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA)

Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is a technique for examining the interrelationship between several predictor variables and one dependent variable in the context of an additive model. Unlike simpler forms of other multivariate methods, MCA can handle predictors with no better than nominal measurements and interrelationships of any form among the predictor variables or between a predictor and dependent variable. It is however essential that the dependent variable should be either an interval-scale variable without extreme skewness or a dichotomous variable with frequencies which are not extremely unequal.
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Model MCA
Yij...n=
Y + ai +bj+ . . . .+e ij..n

where Yij...n = The score on the dependent variable of individual n who falls in category i of predictor A, category j of predictor B, etc

= Grand mean of the dependent variable.

ai = The effect of the membership in the i th category of predictor A. bj = The effect of the membership in the j th category of predictor B. e ij..n= Error term for this individual.
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Model MCA
Yij ...n ! Grand Mean  Row Effect  Column Effect  Residual

Grand Mean Row Effect

Yij ...n !

Column Effect Residual

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Performance by Task Difficulty and Arousal

Arousal (Column) Low Medium High Task Difficulty (Row) Easy 3 1 1 6 4 Difficult 2 5 9 7 7 9 9 13 6 8

Row Mean

Column Mean

0 2 0 0 3 2

3 8 3 3 3 5
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0 0 0 5 0 5

Grand Mean

3 2

SSTotal ! ( yij  Y )
i !1 j !1 2 2

! (3 - 4)  ...  (0  4) ! 360
SS
o

!
i !1

( yi .  Y )
2

! 15.(6  4)  15.(2  4) ! 30  30 ! 60
3

SS

olu n

!
j !1

( y. j  Y )
2

! 10.( 2  4)  10.(5  4)  10.(5  4) ! 40  10  10 ! 60

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SS Co

bined

! SS

o o

 SS Colu  SS Colu

n n

SS Model ! SS SS Re sidual ! SS

otal

 SS Model

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dfTotal ! N  1 ! 30  1 ! 29 df o ! # of ro s (levels)  1 ! 2  1 ! 1
df Colu
n

! # of colu ns (levels)  1 ! 3  1 ! 2

df Combined ! df Row  df Column ! 1  2 ! 3

df Model ! df Row  df Column ! 1  2 ! 3 df Re sidual ! dfTotal  df Model ! 29  3 ! 26

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Eta (L)

Etarow ! L row !

SS Row SSTotal
SSColumn SSTotal

Etacolumn ! L column !
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Goodness of Fit

R  Squared !

SS Model SSTotal SS odel SSTotal

 Squared !
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Syntax SPSS MCA

*MCA model with categorical predictors:. ANOVA Performance by Difficulty (1,2) Arousal (1,3) /MAXORDERS=NONE /METHOD=EXPERIMENTAL /STATISTICS=MCA.

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Struktur Data MCA dengan SPSS

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ANOVAa
Tingkat Kesulitan Pekerjaan dan Gairah Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Performance Kerja (baik secara overall atau individual)

Experimental Method Sum of Squares 180.000 120.000 60.000 180.000 180.000 360.000 df 3 1 2 3 26 29 Mean Square 60.000 120.000 30.000 60.000 6.923 12.414 F 8.667 17.333 4.333 8.667 Sig. .000 .000 .024 .000

Performance

Main Effects

(Combined) Task Difficulty Arousal

Model Residual Total a. Performance by Task Difficulty, Arousal

Significant

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MCAa Predicted Mean Deviation Adjusted Adjusted N for for Unadjusted Unadjusted Factors Factors 15 6.00 6.00 2.000 2.000 15 10 10 10 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 -2.000 -2.000 1.000 1.000 -2.000 -2.000 1.000 1.000

Performance

Task Difficulty Easy Difficult Arousal Low Medium High

a. Performance by Task Difficulty, Arousal

Performance Deviation Mean Row Task Difficulty Arousal Easy Difficult Low Medium High Grand Mean 6 2 2 5 5 4
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Column

2 -2 -2 1 1

=64 =24 =24 =54 =54

Row(i)-Grand Mean Column(j)-Grand Mean

Factor Summarya Eta Task Difficulty Performance (Row) Arousal (Column) Beta Adjusted for Factors .577 .408 Formula

.577 .408

=SQRT( SSRow/ SSTotal )

=SQRT(120/360)

=SQRT( SSColumn/ SSTotal )

=SQRT(60/360)

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Model Goodness of Fit R Performance by Task Difficulty, Arousal .707 =SQRT(R-Squared)

R Squared .500 = SSModel/SSTotal

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Multiple Classification Analysis with Interaction

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Syntax SPSS MCA

*MCA model with categorical predictors, interaction:. ANOVA Performance by Difficulty (1,2) Arousal (1,3) /MAXORDERS=ALL /METHOD=EXPERIMENTAL /STATISTICS=MCA.

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ANOVAa Sum of Squares 180.000 120.000 60.000 60.000 240.000 120.000 360.000 Experimental Method Mean Square df F 3 60.000 12.000 1 2 2 5 24 29 120.000 30.000 30.000 48.000 5.000 12.414 24.000 6.000 6.000 9.600

Performance

Main Effects

(Combined) Task Difficulty

Sig. .000 .000 .008 .008 .000

2-Way Interactions Model Residual Total

Arousal Task Difficulty * Arousal

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Graphical display of interactions

Two ways to display previous results
10.00 iffic lt s 10.00

8.00

8.00

6.00

6.00

4.00

4.00

2.00

2.00

.00

0.00

Ar

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i ffic lt

     
i l

i ffic lt





s l

MCA $ GLM Factorial Anova

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MCA $ GLM Factorial Anova

MULTIPLE CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS (MCA) Melissa A. Hardy & Chardie L. Baird MULTIPLE CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS (MCA) Also called factorial ANOVA, multiple classification analysis (MCA) is a QUANTITATIVE analysis procedure that allows the assessment of differences in subgroup means, which may have been adjusted for compositional differences in related factors and/or covariates and their effects. MCA produces the same overall results as MULTIPLE REGRESSION with DUMMY VARIABLES, although there are differences in the way the information is reported. For example, an MCA in SPSS produces an ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE with the appropriate F TESTS, decomposing the SUMS OF SQUARES explained by the model into the relative contributions of the factor of interest, the COVARIATE(s), and any INTERACTIONS that are specified. These F tests assess the ratio of the sums of squares explained by the factor(s) and covariates (if specified) adjusted...
Source : http://srmo.sagepub.com/view/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-social-science-research-methods/n597.xml

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Graphical display of interactions

What are we looking for? Do the lines behave similarly (are parallel) or not? Does the effect of one factor depend on the level of the other factor?

No interaction
The lines are parallel
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Interaction
The lines are not parallel

GLM Factorial ANOVA

Statistical Model:

Yijk ! Q  E i  F j  EF ij  I k ( ij )
Statistical Hypothesis:

Treatment A. H 0 : E1 ! E 2 ! L ! E p
Treatment B. H 0 : F1 ! F 2 ! L ! F q
Interaction. H 0 : EF11 ! EF12 ! L ! EF pq
The interaction null is that the cell means do not differ significantly (from the grand mean) outside of the main effects present, i.e. that this residual effect is zero
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