Types of Entries Allowed in Excel TYPE EXAMPLE Text/Alphabetical A-Z, a-z Numerical 0-9 Logical A>5, c>=23.

Date & Time 21:20 Nov 21,1985 Formula =if(A9>5,"OK","NO")

FORMULAES

NOTE:

In Excel every FORMULA begins with

"="

Mathemetical Functions:
Operators: Operators are the SYMBOLS that operates other values

+-/*^
Preference from right to left

"^" performs the POWER Function i.e. if you want the power of 2 raised to 5 simply write =2^5
Operants: Values being operated by the OPERATORS are called operants Example 1.1 4 344 560 12 3125 TIP: Press
A A A A A simple simple simple simple simple Calculation Calculation Calculation Calculation Calculation performed performed performed performed performed by by by by by using using using using using + operator * operator + operator + operator ^ operator

CTRL+` to see all the formulaes

Now let's see some complicated examples Example 1.2 Solve the following

Answer: 35 =SQRT(((3+4)^2)/(((4)^2)/((5*4)^2))) Explanation: In this example I've used the SQRT (Square root) Function as well as + / * ^ You may also use "^" to perform the SQRT function i.e. ( )^0.5 Alternatively you can solve it more simply by using the following approach: =(3+4)^2 49 =4^2 16

=(5*4)^2 =(49/(16/400))^0.5

400 35

At the start of your course you might find it very difficult to use complex formuales (like the above one) involving too much parenthesis and calculations BUT DON'T WORRY as this is just temporary. Soon you'll find yourself developing & writing much more complex formulaes

Range: Consecutive cells in a rectangular form are called range. SUM: sum(number1, number2,) If you have to calculate the total of let's say 4 or 5 numbers then it can be done by using + operator but think what you'll do if you have to calculate the total of 500 or 60000 values? The SUM functions provides you the ease to calculate the total of thousands of values in a few seconds Example 1.3 Calculate the total of Salaries by using SUM function Emoplyee Name Mr. Azeem Khan Mr. Ali Atthar Mr. Azam Sheikh Mr. Asim Abbas Mr. Kazim Habib Ms. Shumayel Raza Mr. Shakir Akmal Mr. Umar Shah Mr. Sabir Kamal Mr. Munawar Hussain Mr. Ali Riaz Mr. Yasin Mushtaq Mr. Ali Paracha Mr. Farhan Shabeer Answer: =SUM(C60:C73) Salary 12000 15000 13000 7000 5600 14000 15000 12000 12500 20000 15000 32000 45000 25000

243100

You can write the above formula by yourself or simply go to CELL C74 and press ALT+= Alternatively go to the cell C74 and then in the HOME MENU go to EDITING Group and Click on the Sum Butto and press ENTER

INT(): int(number or cell address or formula) In Excel, sometimes we need to round a real number or fractional number to the nearest integer we can do so by using the INT function. This function simply cut down the fractional part and return you the rest and DON't ACTUALLY ROU

Example 1.5: Round the Following numbers using int() function. Number 12.3 5023.27 6546.55 15313.14 1354.7 836436.87 4354.12 586.13 156.9 Answer: Number 12.3 5023.27 6546.55 15313.14 1354.7 836436.87 4354.12 586.13 156.9

Integer 12 5023 6546 15313 1354 836436 4354 586 156

Formula =int(12.3) =int(B103) same same same same same same same

Number 12.3 5023.27

In the above Example you might have noticed some change in the formulaes being used as showwn E102 & E103. Both returns the same result the Differnce is I've used CELL REFERNCE/ADDRESS irrespective of whole number myself in the later formula. because it save time.

USING CELL REFERENCE: When performing calculation you can either type the whole value yourself or simply use the cell a

STATIC using the formula if we type in the values then such calculation is called STATIC/OFFLINE ca While / OFFLINE CALCULATION: because there will be no change in calculation if the origional value is changed. It'll remain the same.

ONLINE / DYNAMIC CALCULATION: If we use the cell addresses of values instead of typing them then such calculation is called ONLIN CALUCALTION because any change in the origional values will cause a change in the result of the For demonstration go to grey area in example 1.5. Change the values in Cell H102 & H103 and obs

MOD: we need the remainder after dividing some number by a divisor we use this function. Tho mod(number,divisor) When commonly used as SUM or SUBTOTAL function but you might need it at some stage in your work life.

Calculate the remainder of the following

Number 50 426 40 Answer: Number 50 426 50+(90*8)/5 Total

Divisor 9 21 2

Divisor 9 21 10

MOD 5 6 4 15 =MOD(50,9) =MOD(B139,C139) =MOD((50+(90*8)/5),C140)

SUBTOTAL: =SUBTOTAL(function number, ref1, ref2,.) This is a very useful and mostly used function of excel. It returns you a subtotal of a specific categ a list or database. Example 1.7

Monthly Sales Report

REGION North Arif ali bilal qasim Subtotal South Asif Ayesha Haseeb Moazam Faiza Aslam Subtotal East Ali Umair Khurram Saleemi Nadeem Subtotal West Basheer Mubashar Shumaila Sadiq Sahil Kurbaan Subtotal Grand Total Rs. 500000 550000 620000 520000 2190000 680000 450000 650000 780000 890000 510000 3960000 564000 654000 213000 654000 874000 2959000 98000 654600 546000 528000 963000 852000 3641600 12750600

ROUND: =ROUND(number,number_digit) This function rounds off a numerical entry to a given number of digits. Example 1.7 108.83

108.83 =ROUND(B189,2)

"The key to learn Excel is to explore it as no one can teach you all of it"

Mr. Shakeel Ahmed

RMULA begins with

"="

sed to 5 simply write =2^5

n be done by

00 values? usands of values

up and Click on the Sum Button

and DON't ACTUALLY ROUNDS

Integer 12 5023

ulaes being used as showwn in the cell

/ADDRESS irrespective of typing the

self or simply use the cell address of that value

is called STATIC/OFFLINE calculation

h calculation is called ONLINE change in the result of the formula. Cell H102 & H103 and observe the results in Cell I102 and I103

r we use this function. Though it's not most

ur work life.

a subtotal of a specific category or categories in

Mr. Shakeel Ahmed

Statistical Functions:
These functions are based on observations or values

AVERAGE: =average(number1, number2, ) This function calculates the average or arithmatic mean of given numbers, ranges, values or form Example 2.1 Calculate the average of following: 231 210 123 554 251 580 350 213 213 Answer: Average

231 132

225 0

254.85 254.85

=AVERAGE(B10:B14,C12:C13,D12,D10,E12:E13,F12) =AVERAGE(B10:F14)

COUNT: =COUNT(value1, value2,) The count funtion calculates the total number of entries in given argument(s) It ignores all types of entries except numberical entries. Example 2.2 Calculate the total number of numerical entries in the following table: 231 Asad 123 5+46 554 251 350 213 213 C++ Answer: Total Count

=COUNT(B27:C31)

COUNTA: =COUNTA(value1, value2,) Similar to the COUNT function except it calculates all types of entries. Example 2.3 Calculate the total number of in the following table: 231 Asad 123 5+46 554 251 350 213 213 C++ Answer: Total Count

10

=COUNTA(B41:C45)

MAX: =MAX(number1, number2, number3,.) This function returns the largest value in a set of values. It ignores the text and logical entries. Example 2.4 Find out the largest value in the following table: 231 Asad 123 5+46 554 251 350 213 213 C++ Answer: Max No.

554

=MAX(B56:C60)

MIN: =MIN(number1, number2, number3,.) Same as the MAX function but it returns the smallest value Smallest No. 123 =MIN(B56:C60)

ers, ranges, values or formulaes

E12:E13,F12)

xt and logical entries.

Logical Functions:

IF =IF(logicalTest, ValueIfTue,ValueIfFalse) IF function evaluates condition and returns an and performs a user is TRUE action if the condit This function evaluate a a user specified conditionaswer if the condition specifiedand another answer if the condition is not met. Symbols that can be used in conditions: = < =< > >= <> More simply =if(condition,choice_if_true, choice_if_wrong) What you have to do is to type in your condition and then type in your choice that you want to be p true and at last type in the choice that'll be processed if the condition is False Choice is simply any action that you want the excel to perform. It could be just a number, a text or What does it exatly means by IF THE CONDITION IS TRUE and IF THE CONDITION IS FALSE? Let's see an example to make it clear Example 3.1 Employee ID Performance 1052 Good 1203 Poor 1051 Poor 1125 Good 1022 Good 1056 Poor 1205 Good Req: The ABC co. wants to give a bonus of Rs. 1000 to all the employees who are good performers Answer Employee ID Performance Bonus 1052 Good 1000 1203 Poor 0 1051 Poor 0 1125 Good 1000 1022 Good 1000 1056 Poor 0 1205 Good 1000

=IF(C35="Good",1000,0)

In the above formulan C35="Good" is the condition, 1000 is match its content and 0 is the Choic When the formula is executed Function will go to cell C35 and the Choice_if_Truewith Good and if th matches it then the result of the condition is returned as True and and Choice_if_True is processed i.e. 1000 appear

And if the contents of Cell 35 do not match with the condition i.e. Good then the result of the condi False and Choice_if_False is processed i.e. 0 will appear in the Cell in which the formula is being typed in.

NESTED IF: =IF(logicalTest, ValueIfTue,if(logicalTest,ValueIfTrues,IF(LogicalTest,Va This is extended version of IF function. This function is used when you have more than 1 choices

Example 3.2 Employee ID Performance 1052 Excellent 1203 Good 1051 Poor 1125 Excellent 1022 Good 1056 Poor 1205 Good

Req: The ABC co. wants to give a bonus of Rs. 5000 each to all the employees who are excellent perform each to good performers Answer Employee ID Performance Bonus 1052 Excellent 5000 1203 Good 1000 1051 Poor 0 1125 Excellent 5000 1022 Good 1000 1056 Poor 0 1205 Good 1000

=IF(C35="Good",1000,)

dand another answer if themet and another action action if the condition is condition is FALSE.

hat you want to be processed if the condition is

a number, a text or may be a formula

e and 0 is the Choice_if_False t with Good and if the content in C35

sed i.e. 1000 appears in Cell D35

e result of the condition is returned as being typed in.

ues,IF(LogicalTest,ValueIfTrue,...) more than 1 choices to select from.

re excellent performers and Rs. 1000

Refernece Functions:

Text Functions: