Accu ton tp

Cc bc cn bn sn xut c quy ch: 1/ T ch nguyn cht dng thanh 99.97% sn xut ra bt PbO 2/ T PbO lm ra 02 loi cao PbSO4 A v B (dnh cho in cc m v in cc dng ca cquy) bng cch cho phn ng vi H2SO4 + ph gia tng cng. 3/ Ch to sn cc bng cch un nng chy hp kim Pb-Sb v dp thnh dng li 4/ p cao ln sn cc c 2 loi sn cc A/B khc nhau. 5/ in phn tch in cho sn cc: xp xen k cc sn cc vo 01 b cha H2SO4 v tin hnh in phn + in cc A gn vi cc dng ca h thng in phn s chuyn t PbSO4 thnh PbO2 dng lm l cc dng + in cc B gn vi cc m ca h thng in phn s chuyn t PbSO4 thnh Pb dng lm l cc m 6/ Ch to cc l cch in t bt PVC 7/ Xp cc l cc dng +l cch + l cc m xen k ln nhau vo cc hc nh ca v bnh quy (lm t PP) 8/ Hn ni cc in cc v ng gi sn phm BNH C QUY l mt dng ngun in ha hc, dng lu tr in nng di dng ha nng. Cc loi bnh c quy thng dng : c quy ch acid, c quy st kn. c quy ch - acid Gm c cc tm cc bng ch v ocid ch ngm trong dung dch Acid sulfuric. Cc tm cc thng c cu trc phng, dp, dng khung li, lm bng hp kim Ch - Antimone, c nhi cc ht ha cht tch cc. Cc ha cht ny khi c np y l i - - xt ch cc dng, v ch nguyn cht cc m. Cc tm cc c ni vi nhau bng nhng thanh ch pha trn, tm cc dng ni vi tm cc dng, tm cc m ni vi tm cc m. Chiu di, chiu ngang, chiu dy v s lng cc tm cc s xc nh dung lng ca bnh cquy. Thng thng, cc tm cc m c t bn ngoi, do s lng cc tm cc m nhiu hn cc dng. Cc tm cc m ngoi cng thng mng hn, v chng s dng din tch tip xc t hn. Cht lng dng trong cquy ny l dung dch Acid sulfuric. Nng ca dung dch biu trng bng T trng o c, tu thuc vo loi bnh, v tnh trng phng np ca bnh.

Dung lng ca cquy thng c tnh bng AMPE GI (AH). AH n gin ch l tch s gia dng in phng vi thi gian phng in. Dung lng ny thay i tu theo nhiu iu kin nh dng in phng, nhit cht in phn, T trng ca dung dch, v in th cui cng sau khi phng c quy st kn Cn gi l bnh cquy An-ka-lin, gm cc tm cc lm bng O - xy - hy- drat - kn, v cc tm cc m bng st thun ngm trong dung dch Hy - dr - xt - ka - li. Cc tm cc thng c cu trc phng, v dp, lm bng hp kim thp c m kn. Cc tm cc c ch to c cc quai trn c th dng Bu - lng xit dnh li vi nhau, tm cc dng ni vi tm cc dng, tm cc m ni vi cc m. Chiu di, chiu ngang, chiu dy, s lng cc tm cc s xc nh dung lng ca bnh c Quy. in th danh nh ca bnh l 1,2 vn. in th thc s ca bnh ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, nh ang h mch, hay ang phng, hay c np bao nhiu. Thng thng, in th h mch bin thin t 1,25 n 1,35 vn, tu thuc vo tnh trng np. Cht lng trong bnh ny l dung dch Hy - dr - xt - Ka - li, c pha thm cht xc tc tu thuc vo nh ch to, thng l i - - xt - Li - ti. Nng ca dung dch, biu trng bng T trng o c, khng tu thuc vo loi bnh, v cng khng tu thuc vo tnh trng phng np ca bnh, do n khng tham gia vo phn ng ha hc. T trng suy ra 77 F (25 C ) t 1,210 n 1,215 g/cm3. Tr s ny thc t gim nh theo thi gian, do dung dch c khuynh hng b cacbonat ho, do tip xc vi khng kh. Khi tr s ny gim xung ti 1,160 g/cm3, n c th lm thay i dung lng ca bnh, v cn phi thay th. Tnh trng ny c th xy ra vi ln trong sut tui th ca bnh. Ngoi ra, ch c 1 l do duy nht c th lm thay i T trng ca bnh, l khi bnh phng qu gii hn bnh thng, nghi l ti in th gn bng khng. Khi cc phn t Li Ti - um chuyn ra dung dch lm tng T trng ln, c th tng thm t 0,025 n 0,030 g/cm3. Tc ng ny c th loi b khi np bnh tr li. Hng dn s dng v bo dng c quy

Kim tra c quy trc khi chm in dch: - Sn phm cn nguyn vn ,khng b nt, v hoc thng v. - Cc l thng hi v ng thng hi khng b bt kn. - S dng in dch l acid sulfuric khng c cn bn,t trng theo ng quy nh c ghi r trn bao b hoc giy bo hnh. Chm in dch v np b sung Khi chm in dch: M cc nt bnh ,nt thng hi v bng nim phong trn mt bnh c quy. Ngm in dch n mc quy nh (vch ngang mu level hoc upperlevel). Sau 15 pht ,nu mc in dch tt xung do in dch ngm vo cc l cc , chm thm in dch n mc quy nh trn. Np in trc khi s dng: vi c quy c thi gian tn tr qu 30 ngy,nn np in trc khi s dng theo ch sau.

Cng np: khong 1/10 dung lng c quy s dng. V d: vi c quy c dung lng danh nh 50 Ah, cn np b sung vi dng in c cng l 5A. Thi gian np: 30 pht. Nhit in dch: khng qu 50 C. Sau khi np, nu mc in dch b tt xung, iu chnh mc in dch bng nc ct n mc level hoc upperlevel. Vn cht cc nt bnh, ra v lau kh bn ngoi bnh c quy. Lp t Kim tra cc khoen tip ni ca phng tin, bo m phn bit khoen m -dng. Kim tra dy dn phng tin:khng b t,rch v bc, chm. Lp dy dn ng chiu cc m (-),cc dng(+). Lp dy dn theo th t: cc dng(+) lp trc cc m(-).(Khi tho ra, theo th t ngc li). Xit cht cc mi ni gia khoen tip ni vi cc bnh .C th bi m trn hai cc bnh trnh b ng mui sulfat. Gi (khung cha) c quy phi chc chn, c nh Khng c th c quy bng cch qut dy dn vo hai cc m dng ca c quy. Bo dng Cc l thng hi trn nt bnh v ng thng hi: khng b bt kn, tc nghn. Cc khoen tip ni vi hai cc trn bnh:xit cht, khng b hoen r, gy nt. Kim tra mc in dch: khi in dch cn di mc quy nh (di vch level hoc di vch level 0,5cm ) Ch chm thm nc ct hoc nc lc n mc quy nh. Khng chm thm acidsunfuric hoc ha cht khc. Khng thay in dch mi. Khi t trng in dch nh hn 1,200 cn np in b sung nh phn (II.2.b) Thi gian np: 10 gi Ch v an ton khi s dng c quy Trnh xa tm tay tr em Trnh in dch vng vo da, vo mt.Khng c ung in dch.

Trnh vt bt k ni trc tip vi hai cc bnh gy ngn mch. Khng t c quy gn ni c tia la, nhit qu 50 C. Lu tr khi khng s dng Vi c quy kh (cha chm in dch): nn lu tr ni thong mt. Tt nht l nguyn nim phong, trnh khng kh trn vo bnh Vi c quy chm in v cha s dng n : * Nn np in b sung t nht mt ln /thng theo ch nh phn (IV.4) * Khng c in dch ra. * Cc l thng hi v ng thng hi khng b bt kn. * Khng nn chm in dch qua mc quy nh. * Cn thn khi vn chuyn, trnh lm ri v. S cu khi b phng acid Ra vt phng vi nhiu nc t 15 n 30 pht, v a ngay nn nhn n bnh vin cp cu.

I. Du hiu hng hc ca c-quy Sai lm ph bin v phi tr gi t ca ngi s dng l cho rng c-quy khng cn phi bo dng hay theo di. Ch n khi pht hin ra xe kh vo bui sng, h mi t ha tm nguyn nhn v vi vng mua mt chic khc thay th. Trong khi , ch cn mt cht, nhng vn ca thit b ny c th l ra. Vo mi sng khi bt u khi ng xe, nu thy du hiu khng in, ch nhn ca chng c th ti cc xng sa cha kim tra li h thng sc. Hin ti, nhiu i l thit b t c h thng chn on bng tay rt tin dng. Sau khi kim tra h thng sc, bn xem k c-quy c vn g khng. Thng thng c-quy b nhng li nh nng v thot kh nhiu, cc cc b mn, dung lng thp. Trong trng hp c-quy hng khng np in c, cn phi thay ngay v khng sa cha. Ngoi kim tra li c-quy v h thng sc, bn nn xem li cc mch in. Nu mch b chp, c-quy c th ht in ch trong vng mt m. II.Chn kch thc c-quy Trong trng hp phi mua mi, vn u tin bn cn quan tm l kch thc c-quy. Chng c chia thnh nhiu loi, theo kch thc m nh sn xut tiu chun ha, ph hp vi v tr v kch thc ch t. Mt chic c-quy thch hp s c gi cht theo cc rnh, nhm trnh nhng vn ny sinh do dao ng hay rung trong qu trnh xe chuyn ng. Bn nn lu mt vi mu xe cho php lp c-quy c kch c khc nhau. *Dng khi ng ngui CCA (Cold Cranking Amps)

Ngoi vic chn kch thc ph hp, bn phi m bo c-quy c nng lng khi ng ng c. Nng lng khi ng c do bng thng s dng khi ng ngui CCA. CCA c din gii l cng dng m c-quy cung cp trong vng 30 giy 0 F (-17,7 C) cho n khi hiu in th xung di mc c th s dng. Chng hn mt c-quy (12 volt) c CCA l 600, tc n c th cung cp dng in 600 ampe trong vng 30 giy ti -17,7 C trc khi ip p h xung 7,2 volt. CCA c ngha quan trng i vi nhng xe vng kh hu hn i, nhit thng xuyn xung di 0 C. Khi nhit xung qu thp, du ng c v du hp s tr nn c v khi ng xe vo bui sng s rt kh khn. Khi , c-quy phi c CCA cao hn yu cu v bn khng nn chn loi c thng s thp hn khuyn co, bi n gy hng ng c. vng kh hu nng, bn khng cn gi tr CCA qu cao do du ng c v du hp s khng b c. Ngoi CCA, cn c thng s khc o dng khi ng nh CA (Cranking Amps) ch cng dng in m c-quy cung cp trong vng 30 giy ti nhit 32 F (0 C) trc khi in p xung mc 7,2 volt. Thng s dng khi ng nng HCA (Hot Cranking Amps) cng c xc nh theo cch tng t nhng nhit 80 F (26,7 C). *Dung lng RC (Reserve Capacity) Thng s quan trng th 3 m mi c quy cn phi c l dung lng d tr ca c-quy. RC c o bng pht khi c-quy phng dng 25 ampe 25 C trc khi in p xung di mc quy nh. Dung lng ph bin ca c-quy dng cho t l 125 pht. Gi tr ca RC th hin kh nng khi ng xe v ngi ta thng th bng cch khi ng mt ng c hng nng. Mt lu nh l ging nh CCA, bn nn chn c-quy c tr s RC cao nu i trong iu kin lnh. III. Nhng lu khi bo dng, sa cha c-quy Khng mang nhn, vng, ng h hoc dy chuyn khi gn c-quy v nu chng may lm ngn mch, dng in cao c th chy qua khin bn b bng nng. Ngoi ra khi tho c-quy, lun lun tho dy cc m hoc cc mt trc. Nu sau bn v tnh chm mt cc c cch in, dy cung cp in hoc dy nng, hin tng ngn mch s khng din ra. Trong trng hp sc c-quy, bn cn ni thng gi tt do hi thot ra trong qu trnh ny rt d n. Khng cc ngun la nh tia la in, thuc l ang chy gn c-quy ang np in bi chng c th lm n, bn dung dch in phn ra xung quanh. CNG TY ACQUY TIA SNG Tc dng v phng php s dng sn phm hn ch qu np v ph hy do nhit cao, nn s dng h thng bo ng qu nhit . 1.Trc khi s dng Thng thng, cc acquy khi c'cung cp c tch in sn, c th s dng c ngay theo trnh t sau y 2. Lp t u ni - Kim tra bao gi trc khi m.

- Tin hnh m bao gi ti ni s dng, lp t. Khng nhc cquy ra khi hp bng cch cm vo u cc dn in. Cm vo y v thnh bnh nhc cquy ra. - Sau khi ly c quy r khi hp, kin tra tnh trng bn ngoi. - Nu thy cquy cn nguyn vn th mi tin hnh lp t. - Nn lp t b ngun cquy v tr thp nht c th trong thit b my mc. - Khng nn lp t b ngun c quy gn cc ngun pht sinh nhit nh bin th, l si. - Do c mt t kh chy n c th thot ra trong qu trnh cquy lm vic, trnh lp t cquy gn cc v tr c th pht sinh tia la nh cu dao, cng tc. - Trc khi u ni, lau sch b mt u cc dn in, ph ln chng mt lp keo dn in mng, bt cht u ni, c, u cc (lc vn xit c = 150 - 200 Kg/cm2). Khng vn qu v dng m hn vo u cc. - Nu s dng b ngun, trc tin hy u ni cc b ngun, tho mt u dn in ra trnh chp mch. - u ni b ngun cquy vo my np. Cc (+) ca cquy u vo u (+) ca my np hoc ti. Cc (-) ca cquy u vo u (-) ca my np hoc u (-) ca ti. Cui cng u li u ni gia hai cquy. 3. Np b sung Do cc cquy b mt mt phn dung lng sau mt thi gian vn chuyn hoc ct gi do qu trnh t phng in, nn trc khi a cquy vo lm vic cn np b sung cho chng. - Np b sung vi in th khng i 2.23 trong thi gian 24 gi. 4. Cng vic hng ngy * Np in - Np vi in th khng i 2.23v/ngn c quy + 2% * Phng in Ging nh tt c cc loi cquy ch axt, chng phi c np li ngay sau khi phng in. *Ch - Lau chi cquy vi gi bng vi bng kh hoc t chng nhim tnh in. Khng c s dng bt k dung mi hu c no nh du ha, hn hp pha sn.... - Trnh khng cho cquy tip xc vi tia la. - Khng tho ri cquy.

- Trnh lp ghp cquy c v mi, hoc cquy khc chng loi vo mt b ngun v c th dn ti lm hng cquy hay cc thit b. Trong trng hp , cn hi kin b phn k thut ca Cng ty cquy Tia Sng. - Cc cquy c th s dng trong iu kin nhit -15oc n +45oc, xong tt nht nn s dng trong khong +5oc n +30oc, cquy s cho tui th cao nht. 5. Ct gi - Tho cquy t thit b hoc t my np, ti. Ct gi trong iu kin kh v mt m. - Khi cquy c ct gi, khng s dng trong mt thi gian di, vic np b sung cn c p dng nh sau: +Nhit ct gi: Di 20oC - Np b sung: Trong thi gian 12 thng - Thi gian np: 24h 48h +Nhit ct gi: 20oC - 30oC- Np b sung: Trong thi gian 8 thng - Thi gian np: 24h 48h +Nhit ct gi: Trn 30oC - Np b sung: Khng nn ct gi

Nhng thit b in t c th lm tiu hao nng lng in trong c-quy mt cch nhanh chng. Trc khi ra khi xe, bn cn kim tra xem cc thit b nh iu ha, loa, n tt hon ton hay cha. Mt chic c-quy c tui th 3-5 nm nhng cng c th "cht" sau vi ngy khng s dng xe. Tnh nng ca nhng chic xe mi hin nay cao hn rt nhiu so vi 20 nm trc y. Cc thit b c ci tin v tt c gn nh u s dng in. Tuy nhin, c mt cn tr m cc hng xe thng phi vt qua l h thng in v c-quy trn xe hi ngy cng phnh to, gy kh khn khi lp rp v sn xut xe. V vy, nhng tnh hung tr tru cng v th m xut hin nh sau vi ngy khng i, n khi khi ng th bn mi nhn ra c-quy "cht". Bn kim tra thy ca ng, h thng m thanh, n cng tt v khng th tm nguyn nhn trc tip khin c-quy ht in nh vy. Trong trng hp ny, mt b pin sc 12 volt c th gip chng li vic "r" in, tuy nhin gii php ch thch hp vi nhng xe trong vi thng m khng i. Cc thit b in hin i c th lm cho c-quy "cht" nhanh hn so vi nhng chic xe i 1970 hay xa hn. Mi thit b s dng "mt cht" in ngay c khi mi th tt. Nhng chic my tnh tch hp trn xe l b phn tiu hao nng lng in nhiu nht. Cc my tnh iu khin phun nhin liu, kim sot nhit vng, module khi ng, iu khin n pha, dn radio k thut s, ng h, gh nh cc v tr u lm nh hng ti bn ca c-quy. Tin tin hn 20 nm trc, cng ngh ngy nay gip xe hi gn nh ri vo "gic ng" v lun trong trng thi sn sng. Bt c khi no c kch hot, chng s hot ng. Cc b phn iu khin in t vn hot ng m thm v tiu th mt cht nng lng. Nhng ch cn qua vi ngy, chng c th lm cn mt bnh c-quy. Vi thit b khc cng s dng in t c-quy mc d trng thi khng hot ng nh my pht in, b iu chnh dng, h thng nh la. Bn cnh , nhng chic diode (b phn nn dng mt chiu nm trong cc thit b) c th b hng v dng in c cng ln s i qua. Tuy nhin, tnh hung ny him khi xy ra.

 bit mc s dng in ca cc thit b , bn c th o dng x khi tt kha nh la. Tuy nhin, cn lu rng cc my tnh trn xe hi s dng dng in 5-8 mA gi cho b nh hot ng. Hu ht cc mu xe hin i c gii hn dng khong 25-28 mA hoc thp hn ngoi tr vi loi xe hng sang c mc cng dng in cao hn mt cht. Ring n cho xe ti cn cng dng 900 mA hay 0,9 A v c th s dng ht c-quy trong vng mt m. o cng dng in, mt s mu xe cn phi ngh 30 pht trc khi tin hnh. Nu o ngay, cc my tnh c th ang trng thi "thc" v tiu hao nhiu nng lng, v vy, kt qu khng hon ton chnh xc. Khi cc thit b i vo trng thi "ng", kt qu o mi chnh xc. Thm ch, vi nhng chic xe trang b b gim xc bng kh nn hoc h thng cn bng in t c bn cn phi ch t nht 70 pht trc khi tin hnh. C mt im cn lu l khi ang o, bn khng c m ca (lm sng n ni tht), xoay cha khi ng hay bt n pha bi c th lm hng am-pe k. Cui cng, mt s yu t khc cng nh hng ti tui th ca c-quy. Nhit cao khin cc phn ng trong c-quy din ra nhanh hn v v th n cng "cht" nhanh hn. Hn na, cc cht bn trn in cc c-quy khin n khng th xc in t my pht. V vy, hy gi cquy sch, mt v kh nng cao tui th ca chng.

Nu mt ngy, bn pht hin ra n pha trc xe ca mnh "m nht", xe khi ng "u oi" th c ngha n lc phi bi b c-quy cho chic xe cng ca mnh. Trc khi kim tra c-quy phi cho xe ngh t nht l 1 ting m bo cho vic my ngui hon ton v vic kim tra in nng ca c-quy c chun xc. Trc khi m np cap, tm bnh c-quy, ng qun mang gng tay, eo knh bo v mt, c bit trong nhng ngy h oi bc, khi hn hp acid cng kh hydro, oxy s c nguy c chy khi bn m bnh cquy. -Lm sch hai u in cc cquy. Sau khi nh v c bnh c-quy u, vic u tin nn lm l v sinh u ni 2 cc c quy. Vic ny khng bao gi tha v bi bn cng g st l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh cn tr s lu thng ca dng in. Bn c th lm sch xung quanh bng mt chi lng nhng dung dch soda pha nc (natri cacbonat) sau tho cc m ra trc tin. Mt mo nh l khng nn tho cc dng trc bi chng s sinh ra tia la in khi chm vo b mt thp xung quanh cng c th dn n chy n. V sinh u in cc thc cht chnh l co sch lp bi st b oxy ha. Nu cn thn, ngay sau bn c th dng ng h o in cho c-quy. Theo tiu chun chung th kim ch mc 1,265 l in cquy vn cn tt. Nu di mc ta hy chuyn sang kim tra nc c-quy c hay khng. -Thm nc ct cho cquy. Nu thy nc ct khng mp m np c-quy th c ngha bn phi b sung vo. Trong qu trnh thm nc, bn cng nn ch xung quanh xem bnh c quy c b rn v, m t xung quanh khng. Nu c, th nn thay ngay tc khc. Bn cnh c-quy cng c th v phng cu cha nu b thiu nc trong thi gian qu di. Mun np in cho c-quy bn khng cn cch no khc l mang n ra ngoi, tho quai st gi c-quy ri ly mt si dy vi buc vo hai tai ca n nhc thng ln.

Kp u ca my sc c-quy vo cc dng, mu xanh lc (hoc mu en) vo cc m v qua m (8-10 ting). Trong thi gian i np in, bn c th v sinh khay ng c-quy v qut mt lp sn hn ch acid n mn. Sau hy lp li nh c v sit cht hai u in cc. Sit cht cc con c cquy. i vi loi c-quy c nh, bn c th nhn vo mt mt vng trn mu xanh l cy trn cquy. Nu cn thy n th c-quy vn dng tt, ngc li, mu xanh sm en th phi thay cquy. Trn y ch l vi mo vt dnh cho nhng c-quy cha s dng n 4 nm. Khi qu thi hn s dng c-quy th bn ng t lm kh mnh na, hy mang ra hng hoc t thay mt bnh c-quy mi.

Accu, nhng iu nn bit. ________________________________________ Bnh accu l ngun in quan trng trn t,l thnh phn khng th thiu trong h thng khi ng v h thng np in.Nu bnh accu b yu hoc h hng s ko theo cc h hng lin quan n my khi ng v h thng np in.V vy chng ta cn hiu r kt cu cng nh qu trnh in ha bn trong accu d dng chun on v bo dng accu,gip accu trnh c cc h hng ng tic. Bnh accu l ngun nng lng chnh trn xe cung cp cho cc h thng: Khi ng nh la Np Chiu sng tn hiu Ph ti in L mt thit b in ha sinh ra in p v dng in.Hai bn cc khc nhau c nhng trong mt dung dch axit s sinh ra in th. 1.Cng dng Khi ng c tt my: Bnh cung cp nng lng cho n v ph ti nh radio,DVD,xoay gng chiu hu,h thng bo ng,kha ca.. ng c ang khi ng: in t bnh c dng cung cp cho motor v chia dng cho h thng nh la.

ng c ang hot ng: in t bnh h tr cho h thng sc khi nhu cu ca ti in vt qu kh nng sinh in ca h thng sc.C bnh v h thng sc u cp in khi nhu cu ti cao

2.Phn loi Bnh in c sn xut gm c loi t chng hn nh bnh in t, hoc l bnh kh nh loi c gn trn cc xe gn my,xe m t. Bnh loi t: Bnh axit ch c cha cht in phn v c np in tr li sau khi phng.Trong lc xe khng hot ng th bnh in c hin tng t phng in.V vy vic sc nh k l bt buc trong trng hp xe t di chuyn. Bnh loi kh: Bnh c nguyn l lm vic v sc li ging nh bnh t,ch khc l khng c dung dch in phn. N dng c khong 18 thng 3.Cu to bnh accu 3.1.V bnh v np c lm kn vi nhau. Bo v cc b phn bn trong. Gi cc b phn bn trong ng v tr. Ngn khng cho dung dch r r 3.2.Cc bn cc C hai loi bn cc c s dng trong mt ci bnh: m v dng . Dng Bn cc dng c lm t antimony ph lp cht tc dng ch dioxit (PbO2). m Bn cc m c lm t ch c ph lp tc dng l bt ch (Pb). Ch c cht tc dng ph trn hai mt ca bn cc mi tham gia phn ng ha hc. B mt bn cc Khi b mt bn cc tng ln, s lm cho lng dng trong bnh cng tng theo. B mt bn cc c xc nh bi kch thc ca bnh, cng nh tng s bn cc c trong mt bnh. Ni chung,bnh cng ln th cng to nn nhiu dng in . Cc b mt bn cc khng nh hng n in th ca bnh Cc bn cc m v dng c ni vi nhau bng mt thanh dn to thnh nhm bn cc dng v nhm bn cc m Cc tm bn cc gn xen k nhau v c ngn cch bi cc tm chn c l thng rt nh.S lng cc tm bn cc lm tng b mt tip xc vi dung mi,v vy m bnh cng c kch thc ln th kh nng tr in cng nhiu.

Tm bn cc c cu to t hp kim ch vi phn trm ca Antimony hoc Calcium.Cc tm ny c thit k dng li phng mng.C hai kiu : (ch ra bn di) hoc ng cho. Tm dng: c ph cht tc dng l Ch oxit PbO2,khung bn cc lm bng ch pha vi Sb+Kali Tm m c ph bt ch Pb,khung bn cc lm bng ch pha vi Ca+Cu. Cc tm bn cc ny rt quan trng,n cho php cc ion hot ha bm ln,to thnh tm dng hay m.Cc ion hot ha trn tm dng c mu nu (PbO2),trn tm m c mu nu en (Pb). 3.3.Tm chn Cc bn cc c ngn ring r bi cc tm chn cch in. Cc tm ny ch cho dung dch di chuyn qua li gia cc bn cc, nhng ngn khng cho cc bn cc tip xc vi nhau 3.4.Nt thng hi Trn mt s bnh c nt thng hi cho kh hydro bay ln. Kh ny l kt qu ca qu trnh bnh ang c np, nu khng do my pht in gy ra th cng do qu trnh t phn ng bn trong bnh.

3.5.Dung dch Dung dch l mt hn hp ca axit sunfuric (H2SO4) vi nc (H2O). Dung dch phn ng ha hc vi cht tc dng trn bn cc sinh ra in p 4.Hot ng ca bnh Hot ng ca cc hc bnh l da trn phn ng ha hc n gin Khi c hai kim loi khng ging nhau c nhng trong dung dch axit, mt phn ng ha hc s sinh ra in p. S dng phn ng ha hc ny,mt bnh axit c th phng in v np in c nhiu ln. C bn trng thi trong chu trnh phng np: Np y: Bn cc dng c ph y ch oxit (PbO2). Bn cc m c ph y bt ch (Pb). Dung dch cha nc (H2O) v axit sunfuric (H2SO4). ang phng in Dng in trong cc hc bnh s t bn cc dng di chuyn sang bn cc m.

 Trong tng hc s c kh hydro (H2) v sunphat (SO4). Cc sunphat s kt hp vi ch (gm ch oxit ln bt ch) v tr thnh ch sunphat (PbSO4). Hydro v oxy li kt hp nhau tr thnh nc lm long dung dch. Phng ht in C hai bn cc u y sunphat. Dung dch b long v hu nh ch c nc. ang np Phn ng ha hc i chiu trong sut qu trnh np. Sunphat (SO4) ri khi bn cc dng v m kt hp vi hydro (H2) tr thnh axit sunfuric (H2SO4). Bt kh hydor bm bn cc m; oxy s bm bn cc dng. Oxy (O2) kt hp vi ch (Pb) bn cc dng tr thnh ch oxit (PbO2).

5.Dung lng Mt bnh in t phi cung cp in c my n v vn cn cung cp cho cc h thng khi phi li vi ln na. Dung lng bnh l: Lng in nng m bnh cung cp c cho xe khi c np y. c xc nh bi kch c v tng s bn cc v tnh trng ca dung dch in phn trong bnh H s Ampe gi AH Ampe gi AH, l mt c tnh quan trng cho bit hiu sut ca bnh . H s Ampe gi AH cho bit dng phng ca mt bnh y in trong 20 gi ... 270 C in p mi hc bnh cn li t nht l 1.75V (tng cng l 10.5V cho 6 hc i vi bnh 12V). Mt bnh c th phng c dng 4A trong 20h s c h s AH l 80. Bnh trn xe Toyota c h s AH khong gia 40 n 80 AH, ty vo dng xe. Ampe khi ng ngui

Dng nh gi mc cp dng ca bnh khi khi ng ngui,cn gi l h s CCA. H s CCA xc nh dng phng ca mt bnh accu y in c th cp c cho h thng ... 180 C Khong 30 giy, Ti thiu mi hc phi 1.2V (hoc 7.2V trn tng s 6 hc ca bnh 12V). Dung lng tr in(RC) H s dung lng tr in l kh nng phng in trong bao lu ca mt bnh accu c np y ... phng dng 25A th in p mi hc bnh cn li t nht cng phi khong 1.7V (tng cng l 10V cho 6 hc i vi bnh 12V). 6.Hin tng t phng in C hai nguyn nhn nhit cao s xy ra phn ng ha hc lm bnh t phng Pb + H2SO4 = PbSO4 + H2 2PbO2 + 2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + O2 Do tp cht trong dung dch v s chnh lch nng gia lp dung dch bn trn v bn di s lm gim dung lng accu.V vy bnh lu d khng xi cng s t ht in. 7.Cc phng php np in Np vi dng khng i In=const Cc bnh cn np c mc ni tip vi nhau Dng np c chnh sao cho In=7/100 dung lng ca bnh nh nht. V d:cn np cho 3 bnh 45AH,v hai bnh 55AH th ta chnh dng np In=(7/100).45=3.15A Ph hp np cho cc bnh b sunphat ha chung vi bnh mi. Thi gian np di Np vi in th khng i Un=const Cc bnh cn np c mc song song in th np c chnh l Un=7.5V cho bnh loi 6V v Un=15V cho bnh loi 12V Ph hp np b sung cho cc bnh cn tt,thi gian np nhanh.

8.Bo tr accu Kim tra bng mt Bo dng bnh lun lun c bt u vi cch kim tra bng mt. Chng hn nh kim tra nhng du hiu n gin, trc tip hoc cc vn cn phi thay bnh m khng cn phi o dng. Kim tra bng mt bao gm cc bc sau: 1. Kim tra cc vt nt trn v bnh. Kim tra quanh cc bnh v ni ny thng chu lc ln khi tho hoc gn cp bnh. Cn thay bnh nu thy c bt k vt nt no. 2. Kim tra vt nt hoc gy ca cp ni. Thay cp ni nu cn thit. 3. Kim tra s ng ten ca cc cc bnh v axit bn bm trn np bnh. Lm sch cc cc bnh v np bnh bng nc sch. Dng vt thch hp loi b cc hoen g cng bm trn cc bnh.. 4. Kim tra cc bnh c cng hay khng v cp ni c lng khng. Sit nh nu thy cn. 5. Tho cc np thng hi trn bnh ra v kim tra mc dung dch trong bnh. Chm thm nc vo cc hc nu thy cn mc quy nh. Cho php chm nhiu nc nhng khng c chm axit vo . Ch nn chm bng nc ct v khng c chm bng nc my v s lm gim tc dng ca bnh. 6. Kim tra mt ch th. Mt ngha l bnh phng rt yu hoc dung dch b cn. Mc dung dch s cn v bnh ch sc c 25% nu c mt t mu xanh nht. 7. Kim tra xem dung dch c b bn hay khng. iu ny gy ra s chm bn trong cc bn cc v dng phng yu. Nu ng nh vy th nn thay bnh. Kim tra bng que th nng Dng mt que th nng dung dch o tng hc bnh.Nu cc hc bnh cn tt th nng phi mc 1.265 g/ml,mc chnh lch cho php gia cc hc bnh l 0.05g/ml.Nu s chnh lch vt qu mc cho php so vi 1.265g/ml th hc bnh b h hng,nn thay bnh mi. V d:trong 6 hc bnh nu c mt hc l 1.225 g/ml th cn tt (ngha l ch cn sc bnh li),nhng nu c mt hc l 1.195g/ml th bnh phi c thay mi. KIm tra bng my test dng Nu o nng dung dch bng que o tng hc bnh cho kt qu tt th bc tip theo ta kim tra kh nng phng in ca bnh bng my test dng. Ni cp mu ca my vo cc dng bnh,cp mu en ca my test vo cc m bnh.Sau o nhn nt test trong khong 2-3 giy.Quan st kim ch th phi nm trong vng mu xanh(bnh tt),nu nm trong vng mu vng ngha l bnh yu c th sc li v dng tip (d

sc li th vn khng y in v dng phng lun khng cao),cn nu kim trong vng mu th phi thay bnh. -Lu : An ton l mi quan tm u tin bt c khi no bn quan st,kim tra hay thay th mt bnh axit ch. Dung dch bn trong l axit. Axit ny c th lm bng da bn, h mt, n mn xe,dng c v qun o ca bn. Nu bn b dung dch bn ln da hoc vo mt, ngay lp tc ra vi mt lng ln nc sch. Sau a n bc s . Nu bn lm dung dch ln b phn no trn xe, hy ra n bng nc sch v lau thong, chi sch cc cn b nu c. Khi bnh ang np s c kh bay ln (hydro v oxy). Hydor c th gy n cn oxy gy chy. Mt vt chy hay tia la gn s gy ra ha hon. Nh nhng cnh bo sau khi lm vic vi bnh in t: eo gng tay v mt king bo h. Khng bao gi dng dng c sinh tia la gn bnh. Khng t bt c dng c no trn bnh. Nu cn phi tho cp bnh th lun lun tho cp m trc Khi gn cp vo bnh lun lun gn cp dng trc. Khng dng cc mass ca bnh kim tra tia la bugi. Cn thn khng cho dung dch bn vo mt,da hay bt c b phn no trn xe ca bn. Nu bn chm dung dch,nh axit vo nc trc (khng c nc vo axit). Lun lun tun th cc cnh bo ny trong khi quan st,kim tra,thay th bnh, cng nh khi ni cp gia hai bnh.

HNG DN V ACCU (sc, s dng v bo qun) * L b lu tr in nng di dng in p mt chiu (DC) - "Lu" cha in. Hin nay c rt nhiu loi vi nhng cht lng, tnh nng v gi thnh rt khc nhau. (axit ch, kn kh, ch kh, cadium, niken, Lithium....) Vi mi loi accu ca mi hng u c nhng qui nh cht ch v cch s dng, bo qun v ch sc khc nhau. Yu cu khi mua v s dng chng ta u phi c nhng hiu bit y v accu la chn. * Trn th trng, ta nn chn mua nhng loi accu tt c cht lng cao. Trnh mua nhng loi accu c cht lng thp (dm) tuy c gi thnh r ban u nhng do mau h hng v gy

ra cc rc ri khc trong qu trnh s dng nn cui cng thc ra l bn li phi tr chi ph cao. * Ch Sc (np in) - Vic chn dng sc thch hp cho Accu l mt yu t c bit quan trng. m bo Accu va bn va thc s y. - Thng thng dng np tiu chun phi c n nh t 1/10 n 1/5 dung lng Accu (tr mt s loi Accu c bit, cho php np nhanh theo ti liu k thut i km). Thi gian tiu chun np mt accu thng t 8-12 gi. - Nu chn dng sc nh (so vi dung lng) th Accu s lu y tuy nhin dng sc cng nh th accu cng bn v cng c "no" thc s. - Ngc li nu chn dng sc qu ln (so vi dung lng) th Acquy s chng y nhng s nhanh b hng v hin tng y thng l gi to. Thm ch c th b n khi sc qu mnh. - Khi accu y cn phi ngt sc hoc chuyn sang ch np duy tr trong mt khong thi gian tip theo (Floating charge) Accu thc s y (tnh nng ny cc b np n gin thng l khng c). - c bit vi mt s loi accu trong qu trnh sc cn phi c s gim st nhit cht ch. * S dng accu -Khng Accu ni c nhit qu cao nhm trnh s qu nhit - accu ni thng thong,. Ni t phi vng chc. -Trnh vic ngn mch ca accu nh ri nhng vt dn in lm ni 2 cc accu -Khng accu gn ni c nhng ha cht n mn. -Khng nhng vt nhn, khng c , cht ln accu. -Ch : Dng x cc i ca accu khng c ln qu 3 ln dung lng ca accu v thi gian hot ng ch ny l khng c qu 3 pht lin tc. * Bo qun 1. Kim tra cc vt nt trn v bnh. (nht l khu vc quanh cc bnh, ni ny thng chu lc ln khi tho hoc gn cp bnh). Cn thay bnh nu thy c bt k vt nt no. 2. Kim tra cp ni. Thay cp ni nu cn thit. 3. Lm sch cc cc bnh. Kim tra cc bnh chc cha v cp ni c lng khng (ch khi lm v sinh phi ch khng cc cc bnh chm vo nhau(Cl/ Tuavt...) 4. Thng xuyn kim tra mc dung dch trong bnh. m bo mc nc v nng theo hng dn ca nh sn xut accu.

5. i vi cc Accu kn kh s kim tra qua mt ch th. Mu xanh nht l bnh tt v y. Mu l bnh yu..

@@@Hng dn s dng c quy ch-axt TK 1. a c quy mi vo s dng: * M nt, t b mng ngn (vi c quy v cao su Ebont), bc bng dn trn nt (vi c quy v nha PP), m nt (vi c quy xe gn my). * Rt in dch axt Sulfuric c t trng d = 1,260,05g/ml vo bnh. Rt in dch xong yn 15 pht, nu mc in dch tt xung cn b xung thm in dch axt n mc vch trn (UPPER LEVEL) vi bnh c quy v nha PP trng (c in mc vch) hoc cao hn mt trn l cc 1015mm vi c quy v nha PP en v c quy v cao su Ebont (khng in vch nh mc). * Kim tra in p v t trng in dch: Nu in p bnh 12,50V (vi bnh c quy 6 ngn 12V) hoc t trng in dch 1,21g/ml c quy c th em s dng ngay. Nu cc gi tr trn thp hn m bo nn np in b xung vi dng in bng 1/20 gi tr dung lng c quy (A), thi gian 5 - 10 gi. * Trong qu trnh s dng, thng xuyn kim tra mc in dch, nu thp hn mc vch di (LOWER LEVEL), vi bnh c quy v nha PP trng hoc thp hn mt trn l cc 1015mm vi c quy v nha PP en v c quy v cao su Ebont ch c b xung bng nc ct, tuyt i khng b xung bng dung dch axt bt k nng no. * Khi c quy phng in nu in p gim xung 1,80V/ngn (tng ng 10,8V vi c quy 12V v t trng gim xung 1,111,13g/ml phi dng phng in v np li ngay (theo mc 2/Np in c quy), khng c quy i in lu. 2. Np in c quy: Khi c quy phng ht in nh mc 1.5. phi np in c quy bng cch: - u cc dng ca c quy vi cc dng ca my np, cc m c quy vi cc m my np. Np in lin tc vi dng np = 0,05 tr s dung lng c quy Inp = 0,05C20(A) thi gian 32 - 35 gi. Qu trnh np in kt thc khi c cc du hiu: - in dch si tm mnh nh si ln. - in p U = 15,30 15,60V (vi c quy 12V) v t trng dung dch d = 1,26g/ml khng thay i trong 02 gi lin. 3. Bo qun, ct tr c quy: * c quy TK mi, nu cha s dng phi c bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt. Khng c chc thng mng ngn hoc bng keo bo v v tr vn nt.

* c quy TK ang s dng nu tm thi khng s dng na phi c lau sch, bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt. nh k 03 thng np in b xung mt ln nh mc 2. 4. Bo hnh c quy: - c quy ch-axt TK do Cng ty C phn c quy Tia sng sn xut c bo hnh 06 thng k t ngy mua. Qu khch n bo hnh cn c ho n mua c quy v giy bo hnh ph hp vi bnh c quy cn bo hnh. - Trong thi gian bo hnh nu c quy h hng do li ca nh sn xut th Cng ty s sa cha hoc i, khch hng khng phi thanh ton. - Cng ty khng bo hnh i vi c quy do khch hng s dng khng ng theo hng dn, b chy n, v, khng chm sc cn dung dch hoc lm thay i du vt ring ca nh sn xut.

c tnh k thut c quy ch-axt tch in kh (TK) l c quy sn xut trng thi kh nhng c np in, khi em s dng ch cn rt dung dch axt Sulfuric (H2SO4) vo l c th s dng c ngay. c quy ch-axt TK mang nhn hiu TIASANG, TS, EVERSUN do Cng ty C phn c quy Tia Sng sn xut theo cng ngh Hn Quc bng cc thit b ca M, Italia v Hn quc nn c nhiu u im vt tri c khch hang trong nc v quc t tn nhim. Hin nay Cng ty C phn c quy Tia Sng sn xut 88 chng loi sn phm c quy ch-axt, trong c 42 loi sn phm c quy TK bao gm 26 loi c quy TK v nha PP v 16 loi c quy TK v cao su cng EBONT Hng dn s dng Bnh c quy kn CMF 1. a c quy mi vo s dng: * Kim tra tnh trng no in ca c quy: Bnh c quy kn CMF khi xut xng c np in sn nn c th s dng c ngay. Trong qu trnh lp t s dng cn cn thn, trnh gy chp ngn mch hai u cc c th n bnh hoc chy tr. Trc khi a vo s dng nn kim tra li in p: Nu in p c quy U 12,50V c th s dng c ngay. Nu in p nh hn cn np in b xung vi in th khng i (xem mc 2) * Trong qu trnh s dng khng phi b xung nc ct v kim tra t trng in dch (khng c m np ph) * Khi c quy phng in nu in p gim xung 10,80V phi dng phng in v np li ngay khng c quy i in lu. 2. Np in c quy: Khi c quy phng ht in hoc khng s dng trong thi gian di phi np in li cho c quy bng cch:

- u cc dng ca c quy vi cc dng ca my np, cc m c quy vi cc m my np. - Np in lin tc vi ch n p U = 14,40V15,00V. Dng np ln nht phi nh hn 0,25 tr s dung lng ca bnh (xem bng di) Ch np in c quy CMF 12V Ph np thng xuyn in p np 13,5V13,8V Dng np ln nht (A) 0,25 tr s dung lng ghi trn bnh Np chu k in p np 14,40V15,00V Dng np ln nht (A) 0,25 tr s dung lng ghi trn bnh 3. Bo qun, ct tr c quy: * c quy kn CMF mi nu cha s dng phi c bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt. Trnh chp mch v mang sn in. Trong qu trnh bo qun, ct tr cn nh k np in b xung theo lch sau: - 18 thng 01 ln nu nhit ni lu tr, bo qun l 200C. - 12 thng 01 ln nu nhit ni lu tr, bo qun l 300C. - 09 thng 01 ln nu nhit ni lu tr, bo qun l 400C. * c quy kn CMF ang s dng nu tm thi khng s dng na phi c lau sch, bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt. nh k np in b xung nh mc 2. 4. Bo qun c quy: - c quy ch-axt kn CMF do Cng ty C phn c quy Tia sng sn xut c bo hnh 06 thng k t ngy mua. Qu khch n bo hnh cn c ho n mua c quy v giy bo hnh ph hp vi bnh c quy cn bo hnh. - Trong thi gian bo hnh nu c quy h hng do li ca nh sn xut th Cng ty s sa cha hoc i, khch hng khng phi thanh ton.

- Cng ty khng bo hnh i vi c quy do khch hng s dng khng ng theo hng dn, b chy n, v, phng v hoc lm thay i du vt ring ca nh sn xut

Cc phng php phng v np @Np c quy ln th nht c quy mi lp hoc sau khi sa cha thay th bn cc xong, phi np hnh thnh. Sau khi dung dch vo cc bnh c quy phi cho c quy n nh t 2 n 4 gi mi c np. 0.05 g/cm nhit 20 C. Sau khi rt vo th t trng cht in phn c gim xung i cht. Sau vi gi, t trng cht in phn li bt u tng ln tr li. l hin tng bnh thng. * Cht in phn vo bnh phi c t trng 1,18 * Kim tra li vic u dy: cc dng ca my np phi u vi cc dng ca c quy, tng t, cc m ca my np phi c ni vi cc m ca c quy. @Np hnh thnh c quy ch Vic np hnh thnh c quy c tin hnh theo cc bc: 1. Np lin tc cho n khi truyn cho c quy t 4 n 5 ln nh mc. Khng c gin on trong thi gian ny. 2. Ngng np 1 gi cho cc ngn c quy n nh. Trong thi gian ny, tin hnh kim tra v sa cha cc bnh b h hng. 3. Np tip tc cho n khi kh thot mnh tt c cc bnh. 4. Lp li cc bc 2 v 3. Nh vy sau mi ln np v ngh xen k 1 gi, c quy s c truyn thm 1 ln dung lng nh mc. Qu trnh np, ngh xen k nh vy tin hnh cho n khi truyn cho c quy t 8 n 10 ln dung lng nh mc. Kt thc giai on np hnh thnh c xc nh theo cc iu kin sau: * in th c - Quy t ti 2,5 - 2,75 vn. * T trng cht in phn bng 1,205 +/- 0,005 g/cm 20 C v khng thay i trong 3 n 4 gi. * Bc hi u trn cc tm cc dng v m tt c cc bnh. Ghi ch: trc khi thc hin chng trnh ny, phi lp chng trnh tht c th, vic thc hin c chnh xc. Cht lng v tui th sau ny ca bnh ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic np hnh thnh ban u. Khng c qu np, v bn cc s b sunfat ho, lm gim tui th ca c quy. Dng in np khng c qu 0,1 ln dung lng nh mc. Nhit cht in phn khng c vt qu 40 C. Nu nhit vt qu tr s ny th phi ngng np h nhit . Tuy nhin, vo giai on u khi cha truyn cho c quy 4 n 5 ln dung lng nh mc khng c php ngng np, m ch gim dng np cho n khi nhit n nh. Nh vy, thi gian np phi tng ln tng ng bo m dung lng np.

iu chnh t trng v mc dung dch cht in phn F hoc 1,67 C. Sau khi np, mt s bnh, c th c t trng khc bit hn so vi quy nh. Khi thy t trng cao hn phi lm gim bng cch rt ra mt lng dung dch cht in phn v thay vo mt lng nc ct tng ng. Sau tip tc np thm 3 gi na ri kim tra li. C th tip tc cho n khi t c t trng quy nh.Cui thi gian np, t trng ca cht in phn quy v 20 C cn phi l 1,205 +/- 0,005 g/cm. H s hiu chnh T trng cht in phn bng - 0,001 g/cm cho mi 3 Khi vn hnh bnh thng, nu t trng thp hn quy nh ti 0,02 g/cm th cn tin hnh np cn bng. Nu mc dung dch cn gn bng mc ti thiu, th dng nc ct b sung cho n khi bng mc ti a, sau tin hnh np cn bng lm ng nht cht in phn. * hiu chnh T trng cht in phn, cn thc hin nh sau: * o nhit , mc, v T trng cht in phn. * So snh vi nhit tiu chun v mc tiu chun. C cao hn nhit tiu chun, tr bt i 0,015 g/cm cho mi 1/2 inch thp hn mc tiu chun b tr khi b sung nc ct. F hoc 1,67 * Cng thm 0,001 g/cm3 cho mi 3 F l 1,235 g/cm3, v mc cht in phn thp hn tiu chun 1/2 inch. Nh vy cc hiu chnh cn thit l:Th d: T trng o c 89 F. F: phi cng thm: 12 / 3 * 0,001 = 0,004 g/cm ng vi 77 * Nhit cao hn tiu chun l : 89 - 77 = 12 * Mc cht in phn thp hn 1 / 2 inch, vy phi tr bt i 0,015 g/cm ng vi khi b sung nc ct thm cho . F v sau khi chm thm nc ct s l:* Nh vy T trng ng vi 77 1,235 + 0,004 - 0,015 =1,224 g/cm. Sau khi np c quy ln u xong, phi tin hnh phng np tp dt 3 ln c - Quy bo m c dung lng nh mc. Dng in phng c thc hin theo mc 3 gi hoc mc 10 gi, phng cho n khi in th mi bnh cn 1,8 vn. Trong thi gian np hnh thnh v phng np tp dt, phi o v ghi in th, t trng, v nhit tng ngn mt, nh k mi gi mt ln. Trong trng hp c t bin trn cc ngn, ( th d in th trn cc ngn thay i qu nhanh), phi o v ghi thng s thng xuyn hn.

@Np hnh thnh c quy st kn i vi c quy St - kn, vic np hnh thnh cng c np tng t. Tuy nhin, mt s thng s c khc bit rt ln nh sau: Thng s c - Quy ch - A - xt c - Quy St - kn in th khi np y 2,4 +/- 2,7 vn 1,55 +/- 1,7 vn

T trng khi np y 1,20 +/- 0,010 g/cm3 77 oF (25 o C), thay i theo dung lng np v theo loi c - Quy. 1,20 +/- 0,010 g/cm3 77o F (25 o C), gn nh khng thay i theo dung lng np v theo loi c - Quy. Dng in np ti a 0,1 .. 0,2 x dung lng nh mc 0,15 .. 0,2 x dung lng nh mc hiu chnh T trng cht in phn cn thc hin nh sau: * o nhit , mc, v T trng cht in phn. * So snh vi nhit tiu chun v mc tiu chun. * Cng thm 0,001 cho mi 3 o F hoc 1,67 o C cao hn nhit tiu chun, tr bt i 0,010 cho mi 1/2 inch thp hn mc tiu chun b tr khi b sung nc ct. Th d: T trng o c 89 o F l 1,235 g/cm, v mc cht in phn thp hn tiu chun 1/2 inch. Nh vy cc hiu chnh cn thit l: F: phi cng thm:* Nhit cao hn tiu chun l : 89 - 77 = 12 12 / 3 * 0,001 = 0,004 g/cm ng vi 77 o F. * Mc cht in phn thp hn 1 / 2 inch, vy phi tr bt i 0,010 g/cm ng vi khi b sung nc ct thm cho . * Nh vy, t trng ng vi 77 o F v sau khi chm thm nc ct s l: 1,235 + 0,004 - 0,010 = 1,229 g/cm. Phng v np c quy ln sau @ Phng in c - Quy Phng in c th tin hnh vo bt k thi im no v bt k dng in no nh hn tr s ghi trong bng ch dn ca nh ch to. Khi phng din bng ch 3 gi hoc di hn, c th phng lin tc cho n khi in th mi ngn gin xung n 1,8 vn. Khi phng vi ch 1, 2 gi, th ngng phng khi in th mi ngn xung n 1,75 vn. Khi phng vi dng in nh th khng xc nh vic kt thc phng theo in th. Trong trng hp ny, vic kt thc phng c xc nh theo T trng cht in phn. Vic phng c kt thc khi T trng gim i t 0,03 n 0,06 g/cm3 so vi T trng ban u. (Nhng cng khng c in th mi ngn gim xung thp hn 1,75 vn.) i vi c - Quy st - kn, in th bo hiu kt thc phng cho mi trng hp l 1 Vn. Vic np c - Quy ln sau c tin hnh sau khi phng th dung lng c - Quy nhng khng c qu 12 gi tnh t lc ngng phng. Tu theo phng php vn hnh c - Quy, thit b np v thi gian cho php np, phng php np, vic np c th c thc hin theo cc cch nh sau:

* Np vi dng in khng i. * Np vi dng in gim dn. * Np vi in th khng i. * Np thay i vi in th khng i. @ Np vi dng in khng i i vi c - Quy ch Vic np c th tin hnh theo kiu 1 bc hoc 2 bc. a) Np kiu 1 bc: dng np khng vt qu 12 % ca dung lng phng mc 10 gi tc l 0, 12 x C(10). b) Np kiu 2 bc: 2,4 vn th chuyn sang bc 2. Bc 1: dng in np bng dng in nh mc ca thit b np, nhng khng vt qu 0,25 x C(10). Khi in th tng ln n 2,3 1,210 g/cm3, gia cc bn cc c - Quy qu trnh bc kh xy ra mnh lit. Vic np c coi l kt thc khi in th v T trng ca c - Quy ngng tng ln trong khong 1 gi, v cc c - Quy sau khi ngh np 1 gi khi np li s si ngay tc th. 2,8 vn, T trng c - Quy tng ln n 1,200Bc 2: dng in np khng vt qu 0,12 C x (10). n cui thi gian np, in th c - Quy t n 2,6 8 gi. cc gi tr m dng in np b hn th thi gian np phi tng ln tng ng.Thi gian np i vi c - Quy c phng hon ton theo kiu np 1 bc vi dng 0,12 x C(10) mt khong 12 gi, cn np 2 bc vi dng 0,25 x C(10) v 0,12 x C(10) mt khong 7 @i vi c - Quy St - kn. dng np khng vt qu 15 .. 25 % ca dung lng phng mc 10 gi tc l 0,15 .. 0,25 x C(10). n cui thi gian np, in th c - Quy t n 1,75.. 1,8 vn, gia cc bn cc c - Quy qu trnh bc kh xy ra mnh lit. Vic np c coi l kt thc khi in th c - Quy ngng tng ln trong khong 1 gi v cc c - Quy sau khi ngh np 1 gi khi np li s si ngay tc th. Vic np khi hon tt thng truyn cho c - Quy 1 dung lng ln hn dung lng nh mc khong 25%. Nu np t qu, dung lng ca c - Quy s b gim, cn d nhiu qu s lm nng dn bnh, v lm hao nc. @ Np vi dng in gim dn Tin hnh np ging nh phn trn, nhng vi dng in gim dn, ban u 0,25 C(10) v sau 0,12 C(10). gi tr dng np nh: thi gian tng ng c tng ln. Du hiu kt thc np cng ging nh trng hp np vi dng in khng i. @ Np vi in th khng i

1,55 vn i vi c - Quy St - kn v c duy tr n nh trong sut qu trnh np. Thi gian np vi ngy m. Trong 10 gi np u tin, c - Quy c th nhn c ti 80% dung lng b mt khi phng. 2,35 vn i vi c - Quy ch - A - xt v 1,5 Np vi in th khng i c tin hnh vi thit b np lm vic ch n p. in th c chn trong gii hn t 2,2 Khi T trng cht in phn gi nguyn trong 10 gi (i vi c - Quy ch - A - xt) th c th kt thc vic np. @ Np thay i vi in th khng i Vic np c tin hnh theo 2 bc: 1,55 vn i vi c - Quy St - kn th chuyn sang bc 2. 2,35 vn i vi c - Quy ch A - xt v 1,5Bc 1: dng in np c hn ch 0,25 x C(10), cn in th thay i tng t do. Cho n khi in th c - Quy tng ln n 2,2 Bc 2: Np vi in th khng i. Vic np ny c t ng ho bng thit b np c n nh in th v gii hn dng in @ Cc ch vn hnh - Ch np thng xuyn i vi cc loi bnh c - quy tnh, vic vn hnh c - Quy c tin hnh theo ch ph np thng xuyn. c - Quy c u vo thanh ci mt chiu song song vi thit b np. Nh vy, tui th v tin cy ca c - Quy tng ln, v chi ph bo dng cng c gim xung. bo m cht lng c - Quy, trc khi a vo ch ph np thng xuyn phi phng np tp dt 4 ln. Trong qu trnh vn hnh c - Quy ch ph np thng xuyn, c Quy khng cn phng np tp dt cng nh np li. Trng hp sau mt thi gian di lm vic ch ph np thng xuyn m thy cht lng c - Quy b gim th phi thc hin vic phng np t xut. ch ph np thng xuyn, cn duy tr in th trn mi bnh c - Quy l 2,2 +/- 0,05 vn i vi c - Quy ch - A - xt v 1,5 +/- 0,05 vn i vi c - Quy St - kn b tr s t phng v duy tr c - Quy trng thi lun c np y. Dng in ph np thng thng c duy tr bng 50 .. 100 mA cho mi 100 AH dung lng i vi c - Quy ch - A - xt v bng 40 .. 60 mA cho mi 100 AH dung lng i vi c - Quy St - kn. ch ph np ny, in th trn c - Quy phi c duy tr t ng trong khong +/- 2 %. Vic phng th dung lng thc t ca c - Quy c tin hnh 1.. 2 nm 1 ln hoc khi c nghi ng dung lng c - Quy km. Dng in phng c gii hn ch mc 3 n 10 gi. nh gi chnh xc dung lng phng ca c - Quy, nn tin hnh cng 1 ch phng nh nhau trong nhiu ln phng. Dung lng quy i c tnh theo cng thc: C20 = Ct / 1 + ( 0,008 ( t - 20 ) ) Vi C20 : dung lng 20 o C. Ct : dung lng t o C. - Ch phng np xen k

c - Quy lm vic ch np phng l c - Quy thng xuyn phng vo 1 ph ti no sau khi ngng np. Sau khi phng n 1 gi tr no th phi np tr li. Trng hp s dng c - Quy khng nhiu th mi thng phi tin hnh ph np vi dng in khng i, = 0,1 x C(10). Vic xc nh tin trnh np c kt thc da theo cc iu ghi chng 3. Vic np li nhm loi tr vic Sun - pht ha cc bn cc. Vic np li tn hnh 3 thng mt ln, hoc khi c - Quy b phng vi mt dng phng ln hn dng phng cho php. Lin h Acquy Tia sang: 0313857080