Modern Nursing

Concepts
Florence Nightingales original theory for nursing practice was holistic. Her concepts included human/individual, society/environment, health/disease and nursing. She focused more on physical factors than on psychological needs of patients because of the nature of nursing practice during her time.

Concepts
Patient Environment Nursing Health Disease

Assumptions
1. Healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care 2. Nursing is achieved through environmental alteration 3. Nursing requires a specific educational base

Propositions
1a. Nurses must be able to provide fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and a proper diet to patients 1b. Therefore, these must be given consideration: Ventilation and warming Light, Noise

Propositions
Cleanliness of rooms/walls Health of houses Bed and bedding Personal cleanliness Chattering hopes and advices Taking food.

Propositions
2a. Nurses must facilitate a patients reparative process by ensuring the best possible environment; 2b. Patients are to be put in the best condition for nature to act on them, it is the responsibility of nurses to reduce noise, to relieve patients anxieties, and to help them sleep 3. Therefore, skills measurement through licensing by the use of testing methods, the case studies must be done.

Nursing Paradigms Person Environment

Nursing

Health

Who is the target of assessment and intervention?

Person/ PATIENT
- A human being acted upon by a nurse, or affected by the environment - Has reparative powers to deal with disease - Recovery is in the patients power as long as a safe environment exists

FOCUS
Focuses on nursing and the patient-environment relationship IMMEDIATE NEEDS must be met first before healing is possible.

Environment
The foundational component of Nightingales theory The external conditions & forces that affect ones life and development Includes everything from a persons food to a nurses verbal & nonverbal interactions with the patient

6 Essential Elements 1. Pure water

6 Essential Elements

2. Clean air

6 Essential Elements

3. Appropriate light

6 Essential Elements

4. Sufficient food supplies

6 Essential Elements

5. Cleanliness

6 Essential Elements

6. Effective drainage

Health
- Maintained by using a persons healing powers to their fullest extent. - Maintained by controlling the environmental factors so as to prevent disease. - Disease is viewed as a reparative process instituted by nature. - Health & disease are the focus of the nurse. - Nurses help patients through their healing process.

Nursing
Provides fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and a proper diet Facilitates a patients reparative process by ensuring the best possible environment Influences the environment to affect health

Nursing
Florence saw nursing as being made of two parts: Sanitary Nursing', which was care of the environment, and Nursing as a Handicraft'.

Usefulness to PRACTICE
"Patients are to be put in the best condition for nature to act on them, it is the responsibility of nurses to reduce noise, to relieve patients anxieties, and to help them sleep." Decrease the risk of infection advocated for health promotion and disease prevention

Usefulness to RESEARCH
She was the first to use a theoretical foundation to nursing. Use of graphical representations like the polar diagrams. Notes on nursing.

Usefulness to EDUCATION
Florence Nightingale provided a professional model for nursing organization. Her thoughts have influenced nursing significantly. Principles of nursing training. Better practice result from better education. Skills measurement through licensing by the use of testing methods, the case studies.

Administration
Hospitals reach people at a time when they are especially vulnerable and, therefore, educable. More hospitals have come to the realization that there is a connection between environmental health and patient health

Concepts