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  • Geomorphological Mapping and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Analysis

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    Mukteshwar Mishra
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    This document discusses the evolution of geomorphological mapping and the use of digital elevation models. It begins by describing early static physiographic mapping techniques. It then outlines the development of modern quantitative geomorphological mapping which analyzes landforms through mathematical and statistical techniques. The document also discusses how morphotectonics studies the relationship between landforms and tectonics. Finally, it focuses on how digital elevation models extracted from various remote sensing data sources are now used to automatically extract topographic information, model surface processes, recognize terrain features, and better understand crustal deformation and fault patterns.

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    This document discusses the evolution of geomorphological mapping and the use of digital elevation models. It begins by describing early static physiographic mapping techniques. It then outlines the development of modern quantitative geomorphological mapping which analyzes landforms through mathematical and statistical techniques. The document also discusses how morphotectonics studies the relationship between landforms and tectonics. Finally, it focuses on how digital elevation models extracted from various remote sensing data sources are now used to automatically extract topographic information, model surface processes, recognize terrain features, and better understand crustal deformation and fault patterns.

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    134 views24 pages

    Geomorphological Mapping and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Mukteshwar Mishra
    This document discusses the evolution of geomorphological mapping and the use of digital elevation models. It begins by describing early static physiographic mapping techniques. It then outlines the development of modern quantitative geomorphological mapping which analyzes landforms through mathematical and statistical techniques. The document also discusses how morphotectonics studies the relationship between landforms and tectonics. Finally, it focuses on how digital elevation models extracted from various remote sensing data sources are now used to automatically extract topographic information, model surface processes, recognize terrain features, and better understand crustal deformation and fault patterns.

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    of 24

    GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING

    AND

    DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS


    M N Mishra Sr. Geologist, GSI, Bhopal

    Early Days
    Study of landforms : static description of physiography sketches, block diagrams
    The World Wars

    Modern Geomorphological Map


    Quantitative Geomorphology:
    application of maths & statistical techniques, slope, aspect, quantification of drainage basins/networks, stream network topological analysis, dimensional analysis, modeling of surface processes: erosion rates

    Graphic portrayal of five concepts:


    Morphology Morphometry Morphogenesis Morphochronology Morphodynamics

    MORPHOTECTONICS / TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY

    Morphotectonics: geomorphology of landforms whose character is related to recent tectonics


    Faulting, tilting & folding of Quaternary deposits Local variations in river gradient and incision Sectorial development of terraces Off-setting of rivers across lineaments Warping of planation surfaces Differential accumulation of young sediments Separation of river terraces Seismotectonics

    DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS


    Data models :
    Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

    Raster
    255 805

    1200

    Sources of DEMs
    From spot heights & contours of toposheets Land Survey From Photogrammetry / scanned photos with

    OrthoMax GTOPO30 SAR and InSAR DEMs SRTM 30 m & 90 m ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Reflection Radiometer ) 15 m 30 m

    -Extraction of topographic info - modeling surface processes - recognition of terrain morphologic elements - understanding spatial relationships

    Hillshade: artificial lighting to accentuate subtle features

    Tonal variations: Abrupt / gradual

    Digital Topographic Section

    Image derivatives: Automation of Relief, Slope,


    Aspect & Contours

    Delineation of planation surfaces, lineament mapping, Active Faults, analysis of regional trends

    DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELING


    with image drape

    Deciphering link between topography & crustal deformation: recognition of normal faults

    Shaded Relief Image Digital Topographic Section Expression of Himalayan Thrusts

    MCT MBT
    FHF

    Fault / Thrust morphometry & segmentation studies

    Alluvial Faulted Scarp near Chedrang Fault, Garo Hills

    DEM from Spot Heights

    SRTM DEM

    THE GREAT BOUNDARY THRUST

    3-D Visualization
    Foreland Bulge

    THE GANGETIC PLAINS Hidden faults


    Color bands represent an elevation difference of 5 m

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