Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010

1
PHNG PHP VC-T TRT-MT PHNG PHP HIU QU GII
CC BI TON IN XOAY CHIU RLC KHNG PHN NHNH.

Ng S nh
1
-

Chu Vn Bin
2


1
Trng THPT Yn Thnh 2,
Huyn Yn Thnh, Ngh An
2
Khoa KHTN, Trng i hc Hng c, Thanh Ha
307, L Lai, Phng ng Sn, TP Thanh Ha.

Tm tt bo co: a s hc sinh thng dng phng php i s gii cc
bi ton in xaoy chiu cn phng php gin vc t th hc sinh rt ngi
dng. iu l tht ng tic v phng php gin vc t dng gii cc bi
ton rt hay v ngn gn c bit l cc bi ton lin quan n lch pha. C
nhiu bi ton khi gii bng phng php i s rt di dng v phc tp cn
khi gii bng phng php gin vc t th t ra rt hiu qu. Khi gii bi
ton in bng phng php gin vc-t c th chia thnh hai phng php:
phng php vc t buc v phng php vc t trt.
M u: Trong cc ti liu hin c, a s cc tc gi thng dng phng php vc
t buc v t quan tm n phng php vc t trt. Trong bi vit ny chng ti
s trnh by phng php vc-t trt vi nhng u th vt tri khi gii cc bi
ton in xoay chiu RLC ni tip kh.
PHNG PHP GIN VECT TRT
*Chn ngang l trc dng in.
*Chn im u mch (A) lm gc.
*V ln lt cc vc-t biu din cc in p, ln
lt t A sang B ni ui nhau theo nguyn tc:
+ L - ln.
+ C xung.
+ R ngang.
di cc vc-t t l vi cc gi tr hiu
dng tng ng.
*Ni cc im trn gin c lin quan n d kin
ca bi ton.
*Biu din cc s liu ln gin .
*Da vo cc h thc lng trong tam gic tm cc in p hoc gc cha bit.
GIN L-R-C
V d 1: (C-2010)t in p u = 220\2cos100tt (V) vo hai u on mch AB
gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm cun cm thun L
mc ni tip vi in tr thun R, on MB ch c t in C. Bit in p gia hai
u on mch AM v in p gia hai u on mch MB c gi tr hiu dng
bng nhau nhng lch pha nhau 2t/3. in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch
AM bng
A. 220\2 V. B. 220/\3 V. C. 220 V. D. 110 V.
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Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010
2
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
220
AM
HD : AMB U U (V ) A = = l tam gic u

GIN R-rL
V d 2: on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun 30 (O) mc ni tip vi
cun dy. in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l 120 V. Dng in trong mch
lch pha t/6 so vi in p hai u on mch v lch pha t/3 so vi in p hai
u cun dy. Cng hiu dng dng qua mch bng
A. 3\3 (A). B. 3 (A). C. 4 (A). D. \2 (A).
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
( ) 120 4
R
R
HD : AMB MB (V ) I A
R
A = = = =
U
cn ti M U

GIN Lr-R-C
V d 3: t in p xoay chiu u = 120\6coset (V) vo hai u on mch AB
gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM l cun dy c in tr
thun r v c t cm L, on MB gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi t in
C. in p hiu dng trn on MB gp i in p hiu dng trn R v cng
hiu dng ca dng in trong mch l 0,5 A. in p trn on MB lch pha so vi
in p hai u on mch l t/2. Cng sut tiu th ton mch l
A. 150 W. B. 20 W. C. 90 W. D. 100 W.
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
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Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010
3
0 5
6
120 3 0 5 90
6
R
MB
U
MFB : sin ,
U
HD :
P UI cos . , cos W

A = = =

= = =

GIN R-C-L
V d 4: t in p xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz vo hai u on mch AB gm hai
on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr thun R = 100\3 O
mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L, on MB ch c t in c in
dung C = 0,05/t (mF). Bit in p gia hai u on mch MB v in p gia hai
u on mch AB lch pha nhau t/3. Gi tr L bng
A. 2/t (H). B. 1/t (H). C. \3/t (H). D. 3/t (H).
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
200
1
100 100
3
C
L
L C
Z
C
HD :
Z
AEB : BE AE.cot an Z Z BE L H

= = O

A = = O = = O = =

GIN R-C-rL
V d 5: Trn on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh c bn im theo ng th
t A, M, N v B. Gia hai im A v M ch c in tr thun, gia hai im M v
N ch c t in, gia hai im N v B ch c cun cm. t vo hai u on mch
mt in p xoay chiu 240V 50 Hz th u
MB
v u
AM
lch pha nhau t/3, u
AB
v

u
MB

lch pha nhau t/6. in p hiu dng trn R l
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Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010
4
A. 80 (V). B. 60 (V). C. 80\3 (V). D. 60\3 (V).
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.

( )
0 0 0
0 0
60 30 30
80 3
30 120
R
R
AMB ABM )
HD :
U AB
U V
sin sin

A = =

= =

l tam gic cn ti M (v
Theo nh l hm s sin :

GIN C-R-rL
V d 6: Mt mch in xoay chiu ni tip gm t in c in dung C, in tr
thun R v cun dy c t cm L c in tr thun r. Dng vn k c in tr rt
ln ln lt o hai u in tr, hai u cun dy v hai u on mch th s ch
ln lt l 50 V, 30\2 V v 80 V. Bit in p tc thi trn cun dy sm pha hn
dng in l t/4. in p hiu dng trn t l
A. 30 V. B. 30\2 V. C. 60 V. D. 20 V.
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
( ) 30
C
AMB ng
HD :
U AM EB V

= = =

l tam gic vu cn ti E NE= EB= 30V

ME= MN+ NE= 80V = AB
T gic AMNB l h nh ch nht

GIN R-rL-C
V d 7: Trn on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh c bn im theo ng th
t A, M, N v B. Gia hai im A v M ch c in tr thun, gia hai im M v
N ch c cun dy, gia 2 im N v B ch c t in. t vo hai u on mch
mt in p 175 V 50 Hz th in p hiu dng trn on AM l 25 (V), trn on
MN l 25 (V) v trn on NB l 175 (V). H s cng sut ca ton mch l
A. 7/25. B. 1/25. C. 7/25. D. 1/7.
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
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Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010
5
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
25 60 25
30625 25 175 25
7
24
25
MNE : NE x EB x
HD : AEB : AB AE EB x x
AE
x cos
AB

A = =

A = + = + +

= = =

Kinh nghim cho thy khi trong bi ton c lin quan n lch pha th nn gii
bng phng php gin vc t s c li gii ngn gn hn gii bng phng
php i s.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] V Thanh Khit, Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii trung hc ph thng, mn Vt l,
tp 2, NXB gio dc, H.2001.
[2] V Thanh Khit, Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii trung hc ph thng, mn Vt l,
tp 3, NXB gio dc, H.2001.
[3] Nguyn Th Khi, Vt l 12 nng cao, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam, H.2009.
[4] Nguyn Th Khi, Bi tp Vt l 12 nng cao, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam,
H.2009.
[5] Lng Duyn Bnh, Vt l 12, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam, H.2009.
[6] V Quang, Bi tp Vt l 12, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam, H.2009.



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