ADSL

9/28/2011
vinhtt.dce@gmail.com
Ni dung
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Tng quan ADSL
Copyright by DCE-SOICT
9/28/2011
Tng quan ADSL

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ADSL l k thut truyn thng bng rng s dng ng cp ng in thai sn c ti nh khch hng truy nhp internet tc cao. Khi nim ADSL xut hin t nm 1989 ti M, ADSL bt u th nghim vo nm 1995 v pht trin n nay. ADSL truyn d liu c tc ca lung d liu xung (downsttream) nhanh hn tc truyn ca lung d liu ln (upstream).
Copyright by DCE-SOICT 9/28/2011
Tng quan ADSL

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9/28/2011
c im ADSL
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Internet v voice/fax cng i chung trn mt i cp in thai nhng hai lung tn hiu gm : d liu v thai truyn i ring bit khng chng ln nhau, khng lm nh hng n cc dch v in thai c nh: hp th thai, hin th s my gi n, ch cuc gi . . . ADSL cho kt ni internet nhanh gp 160 ln kiu kt ni modems analog chun V90/56kbps. Kt ni theo kiu thng trc (always on), v thai v d liu truyn ring l nhau, khi kt ni truy nhp internet thng trc nhng khng lm bn hay gin an cuc gi n trn ng dy in thoi. Khng s dng kt ni, gii ta, b tn hiu bn hoc b mt thi gian trong qu trnh m trnh duyt truy nhp internet.
c im ADSL
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S dng y tc ca ng kt ni. Nu tc ca ng ADSL l 1.5Mbps th ngi dng s dng tc kt ni internet 1.5Mbps. Chia s bng thng vi nhiu users khc nhau nhng khng lm gim tc truyn. C tin cy cao, thm ch trong trng hp mt ngun th ta vn c th gi in thai bnh thng. C tnh bo mt, an tan d liu. y l mt u im ni tri ca ADSL mi mch in l mt kt ni ring bit. Hay ni cch khc, mi thu bao trong mng ch dng mt kt ni ring bit.
Tc ADSL
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Tc ADSL
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ADSL cung cp tc truyn d liu tc cao so vi tc in thai thng thng. Nhng tc ca d liu truyn theo hai hng khc nhau.
Tc d liu chiu xung c th t 1.5 n 6.1Mbps (c th n 8Mbps), Tc chiu truyn d liu ln t 16 n 640 kbps (c th t ti a 1.5Mbps). Do s gii hn ca i cp ng nn lm hn ch tc truyn ca DSL
Cc yu t gii hn tc
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Bng thng (p ng tn s) ca si cp ng Nhiu xuyn knh Nhiu mi trng nh hng ca cun ti (load coil) nh hng do r nhnh Suy gim tn hiu do mi ni
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Bng thng
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i dy cp ng xon ch thch hp cho tn hiu audio tn s thp, v th cp ng th khng thch hp vi tn hiu c tn s cao. Tn hiu analog (tn hiu thai) th c tn s n 3.4 kHz v cng ngh xDSL s dng tn s n 1.1 MHz.
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Bng thng
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Bi v khi tn hiu c tn s cao truyn trn cp ng s b suy hao ln. p ng tn s ca tn hiu truyn trn i cp ng ph thuc vo cc thng s sau: ng knh ca cp ng (gauge), mi trng xung quanh cp . . .
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Nhiu xuyn knh (Crosstalk).

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Nhiu xuyn knh xy ra lm suy gim nng lng tn hiu truyn trn cp ng. Xuyn knh lm nh hng rt ln n k thut DSL trn mch vng thu bao (subscriber local loop) .
Xuyn knh gy ra bi cc hin tng cm ng in t bi cc ng dy cng si cp. Xuyn knh ca ng cp ln sang ng cp nh. Cng nhiu ng dy ADSL cng tng xuyn knh. Xuyn knh tng theo tn s.
Xuyn knh c chia lm hai lai: xuyn knh u gn (NEXT: Near End Crosstalk) v xuyn knh u xa (FEXT: Fax End Crosstalk).
NEXT
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NEXT: xy ra khi b thu DSL b nhiu t tn hiu DSL khc trn cng u cp. NEXT s rt trm trng nu tn hiu ca hai hng truyn c cng dy tn s. Trong ADSL hn ch NEXT ta dng tn s downstream khc tn s upstream.
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FEXT
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FEXT: xy ra khi b thu DSL b nhiu t tn hiu DSL khc t pha u cp xa. FEXT s rt trm trng nu tn hiu ca hai hng truyn c dy tn s khc nhau.
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nh hng ca NEXT v FEXT

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Trong mt s trng hp, modem1 nhn c mt s tn hiu t modem2 do nhiu crosstalk gia hai i cp 1 v 2.
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Nhiu mi trng
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ng dy in thai b xm nhp nhiu sng in t hay nhiu tn hiu in cc ngun khc nh:
Sng radio pht thanh, ng c in, st, n hynh quang . . .
Tn hiu nhiu ny s lm suy gim tn hiu DSL truyn trn ng dy in thai.
9/28/2011
nh hng ca cun ti (load coil)

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Tc dng ca cun ti l kh dung khng trn cc ng dy thu bao di. Tuy nhin cun ti lm tng suy hao vi tn hiu tn s cao. V th tn hiu DSL khng truyn qua c trn ng dy thu bao c cun ti, nn phi g b cun ti.
9/28/2011
R nhnh (Bridge taps)

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R nhnh trong ng dy in thai s lm trit tiu mt s tn hiu truyn do b phn x t r nhnh. R nhnh s lm tng nhiu, tng suy hao.
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Suy gim tn hiu do mi ni Suy gim do in tr ng dy in thoi

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Suy gim tn hiu do mi ni (line splice attenuation) v suy gim do in tr ng dy in thai (line resistance attenuation). Suy hao trn ng dy s tng theo chiu di cp v tn s tn hiu truyn, suy hao trn ng dy s gim khi kch thc ng knh dy ln. S mi ni trn cp cng nhiu th suy hao tn hiu cng ln. Tt c chng lm nh hng n tc truyn ca DSL trn ng cp in thai.
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Dy Tn S Hat ng Ca ADSL
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Thit b ADSL kt ni vi mi modem ADSL bng i cp in thai theo 3 knh truyn d liu nh sau:
Knh truyn d liu xung tc cao t 1.5 n 6.1Mbps (ti a 8Mbps) Knh truyn d liu ln tc t 16 n 640 kbps (ti a 1.5Mbps) Knh truyn dch v in thai truyn thng (voice).
9/28/2011
Dy Tn S Hat ng Ca ADSL
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Modems ADSL chia bng thng trn ng dy in thai theo mt trong hai cch sau:
Theo k thut FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) Theo k thut Echo Cancellation (overlapped spectrum)
Trong k thut FDM c u im hn:

Khng cn dng n b lc Echo v Echo khng lm nh hng trong lung d liu ln ADSL do bng tn ca lung ny th tai nghe khng nhn ra c. Khng chu nh hng ca nhiu NEXT, v dy tn s thu v pht ring bit nhau.
K THUT M HA NG DY (iu ch) TN HIU ADSL

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Cc k thut m ha ng dy vi tn hiu ADSL bao gm:

M a tn ri rc DMT CAP (Carrierless amplitude modulation/phase modulation) G.Lite Cc phng php truyn dn song cng
FDM: phn chia tn s Phng php trit ting vng (Echo Cancellation)
9/28/2011
M a Tn Ri Rc DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone).

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Modems ADSL s dng k thut iu ch DMT truyn d liu vi tc bit nhanh v n nh cao. DMT l k thut iu ch a sng mang (multicarrier modulation) vi vic chia ph tn s (bng tn) tn hiu gc ng vo thnh 256 knh nh, vi mi knh 4Khz v gi l Bins hay Tones. Trong mi knh (mi tones) iu ch mt cch ring bit dng t 0 n 15 bit/symbol/Hz, v vy cho php iu ch ti a 60kbps trong mt knh.
DMT(tip)
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DMT(tip)
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Vi tn s thp, si cp ng cho suy hao (attenuation) thp nhng SNR cao. Nhng vi c tnh ny ca si cp ng th k thut iu ch dng t 10 bps/Hz tr ln s lm gim gi tr SNR. Hn na, nu SNR ca knh ph qu xu th knh ph s b lai b. Xc nh Bits per second (bps) cho knh ph:
Ty theo c tnh trn th vic s dng bao nhiu bits trong iu ch ca knh ph, l ty thuc vo c tnh ca ng cp bng cch dng k thut m phn thng qua vic gi trc bits thng tin. Trc ht Modems s kim tra tan b ng cp. Ty theo c tnh c c ca ng cp m modem xc nh s bits iu ch tng ng cho mi knh ph.
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DMT(tip)
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DMT(tip)
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im: u
Pht trin t cng ngh V34 s dng mt s k thut tin tin cho php d liu t c tc ti a trn ng cp in thai. Trit ting vng tt, Truyn tc bits ti a trong khong bng tn nh, cc knh con c iu ch c lp. xc nh SNR trn mi knh con mt cch ring bit Thch ng tc , linh hat trong vic t ng iu chnh tc truyn
Nhc im: Do iu ch c qu nhiu knh con, qu nhiu sng mang nn thit phc tp.
CAP
(Carrierless amplitude modulation/phase modulation)
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Phng php iu ch pha v bin khng sng mang ny da trn phng php iu ch bin cu phng QAM. V th phng php CAP hat ng tng t nh phng php QAM. CAP s dng c iu ch bin v iu ch pha Tn hiu iu ch ca CAP l s ch khng phi l tng t.
CAP(tip)
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i lp vi DMT, k thut CAP li dng nguyn mt knh ring upload v mt knh khc download. Do , ngi lp t cn bit nh cung cp dch v ca mnh s dng kiu truyn no chn thit b thch hp
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CAP(tip)
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CAP chia thnh ba dy tn:
Tn hiu voice s dng di tn t 0khz ti 4khz UpStream s dng di tn t 25khz ti 160khz. DownStream s dng di tn t 240KHz ti 1Mhz
Vi 3 knh truyn khc nhau nh vy s lm hn ch nhiu tn hiu gia cc knh. Hu ht cc thit b ADSL ngy nay u s dng DMT. CAP l k thut iu ch c s dng ph bin trc kia.
CAP(tip)
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CAP(tip)
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u im:
K thut n gin d hiu, thch ng tc .
Nhc im:
Khng dng sng mang truyn i nn nng lng suy gim nhanh trn ng truyn Kh xc nh gc pha, u thu phi c b xc nh im tn hiu.
9/28/2011
G.Lite
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G.Lite cng ging vi kiu iu ch DMT ca ADSL, nhng trong iu ch th G.Lite dng s knh ph t hn DMT G.lite dng 128 knh nn ph tn s ca G.lite hp hn (550kHz cho G.lite, cn DMT dng 1.1MHz). Nh vy G.lite c u im l t phc tp hn DMT.
9/28/2011
G.Lite(tip)
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Do in thai v ADSL s dng chung ng cp in thai nn vic nhc t my n thai s gy ra nhiu trong modem ADSL v tn hiu ca ADSL cng c th nhiu sang nghe trong my in thai. khc phc th trong G.lite s lp thm thit b lc tn s thp (micro-filter or low-pass-filter) pha trc my in thai khch hng dng ADSL
Cc phng php truyn dn song cng

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Hu ht cc dch v DSL i hi hai chiu (song cng) trong vic truyn d liu. Cc modem DSL s dng cc phng thc song cng tch bit cc tn hiu trn cc hng ngc nhau. C 4 phng thc song cng khc nhau:
Song cng 4 dy Trit ting vng Song cng phn chia theo thi gian Song cng phn chia theo tn s
Trong , phng thc song cng trit ting vng v song cng phn chia tn s c s dng trong modem ADSL
FDM: phn chia tn s

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Dy tn c chia lm hai phn ng ln v ng xung khc nhau. Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s (FDM) ln lt truyn theo cc hng khc nhau trong cc gii tn khng trng nhau. Nu s dng cng khong bng thng th FDM lai b c NEXT. Trong ADSL th FDM cho php dng ring bng thng 138 kHz u tin cho ng truyn hng ln. ng ln dng bng tn thp, ng xung dng bng tn cao v rng hn ng ln.
Ph FDM v Echo cancellation

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9/28/2011
Phng php trit ting vng (Echo Cancellation)

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S dng mt knh duy nht cho c pht v thu, nn cn c mt b kh ting vng pha thu. Mt s h thng ADSL s dng k thut truyn dn xa ting vng ECHO, ni dy tn s pht c t trong dy tn s thu. Tuy nhin Echo kh trnh khi nhiu xuyn v khi thc hin cn phi x l phc tp hn. Trit ting vng l dng ph bin nht ca ghp knh trong DSL hin i.
Ph FDM v Echo cancellation

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9/28/2011

ADSL

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ADSL

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9/28/2011

Tng quan ADSL

Tng quan ADSL

Tng quan ADSL

Copyright by DCE-SOICT 9/28/2011

Nhiu xuyn knh (Crosstalk).

nh hng ca NEXT v FEXT

Sng radio pht thanh, ng c in, st, n hynh quang . . .

Tn hiu nhiu ny s lm suy gim tn hiu DSL truyn trn ng dy in thai.

nh hng ca cun ti (load coil)

R nhnh (Bridge taps)

Suy gim tn hiu do mi ni Suy gim do in tr ng dy in thoi

Trong k thut FDM c u im hn:

Copyright by DCE-SOICT 9/28/2011

K THUT M HA NG DY (iu ch) TN HIU ADSL

Cc k thut m ha ng dy vi tn hiu ADSL bao gm:

M a Tn Ri Rc DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone).

CAP chia thnh ba dy tn:

K thut n gin d hiu, thch ng tc .

Cc phng php truyn dn song cng

FDM: phn chia tn s

Ph FDM v Echo cancellation

Phng php trit ting vng (Echo Cancellation)

Ph FDM v Echo cancellation

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