Topic Sentence Outlines One way to outline a research paper is to look at your topic sentences.

In a good research paper, the topic sentences can almost stand alone; that is, if you read them together (along with the thesis), they would tell the story of the paper. Here is a sample from one research paper (thesis followed by topic sentences). :

The Mughals knew how to use weapons and strategic plans adequately, and their knowledge helped in warfare.
The backbone of the Mughal Empire was its cavalry. Infantry was also important in the military. Cavalry and infantry were vital to the Mughal military, but the most powerful military tactic used by the Mughal army was a military formation of troops called Tulughama. The front soldiers, called a brigade, wore complete armor, carried swords and muskets, and rode elephants and horses. After firearms, animals were the next most important "weapon" used in the Mughal military.

Away from the battlefield's front lines, another innovation that gave the Mughal Empire strength in their war tactics was their system of military control among the soldiers. ______________________________________________________________ Notice that there are some patterns in the topic sentences. Use transition phrases appropriately. To build upon ideas, there should be words like also, next, in addition, and another to add to ideas. You could also use phrases like first, second, and finally. If you want to compare or contrast, you could use phrases like Even though, on the other hand, but, or not only.