El Pianoforte: The Instrument That Changed Music Annotated Bibliography

Jordan Mathew Senior Division Individual Website

Web Fender Rhodes: The Piano that Changed the History of Music. Fenderrhodes.com. 28, Oct, 2011. Web. This article talks about the piano that started the whole idea behind the grand piano, instead of the miniature piano that was commonly used at the time. Harold Burroughs Rhodes, the man behind the idea of the Rhodes method where students should not only learn how to play piano but also know how to build their own, thought of using hydraulic aluminum pipes from the wings of B-17 bombers. I can use this to show the origin of where the grand piano came about. Heaton, Barrie. A History of Piano, 1157-2007. Piano-tuners.org. 28, Oct, 2011. Web. Even from the far, far, distant past, ancient man must have found out by stretching a string or band between horns or a forked branch, that a musical sound could be produced. This article explains the history of how the piano came to be, starting with the harp, the first stringed instrument. It then progressed to the monochord, psaltery, clavichord, then finally, the keyboard. The Pianoforte wasnt invented until 1709, by Bartolomeo Cristofori, the Italian. This, I can use near the beginning of my paper, showing of how the piano came to be. The Piano Revolution hurstwoodfarmpianos.co.uk. 28, Oct, 2011. Web. This article states that the piano design did not make any progress until the second half the of the nineteenth century. By the end of the first WW, the industry was producing massive numbers of instruments, and owning a piano would be like owning a record player today. Steinway, perhaps the most innovative company in the pianos history, had the greatest commercial advantage with their performance concept, based off of the Centennial piano developed in 1867. I can use this near the middle to end showing different changes the piano went through.

Powers, Wendy. The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731). Metmuseum.org. 28, Oct, 2011. Web. In this article, Wendy Powers explains how the piano became a leading instrument of Western art music, both for professionals and amateurs, and by the end of the nineteenth century, no household of stature was without one. It was first created by one man, Bartolomeo Cristofori, a member of the Florentine court. Today, the modern piano is capable of playing almost anything an entire orchestra can play. This article I can use to explain about Cristofori, perhaps in an important people section. Technical History of the Piano. Cantos.org. 28, Oct, 2011. Web. This article is a little different, as it talks about the technical history and designs of the piano, besides just the history of how it came to be. The designs changed many times over the years, starting in the 1700s. It wasnt until the late 1700s when the grand piano was born. Then, between 1791 and 1815, keyboard builders began to use white color for the keys and black for the sharps. Many other design changes took place, and even today they are still improving. This article I can also use to show the different changes the piano went through, probably in the middle of my paper. History of How Piano Music Changed the World. Largemart.com. 14, November 2011. Web. This article explains the sweet sound of the piano and how classical music is highly impacted by the piano. I can use this in my thesis asking how the piano changed the classical genre. Piano et Forte. Main.uab.edu. 14, November 2011. Web. Practice makes perfect, according to this article, and it leads to great reward. I can use this article to talk about the benefits of learning piano as well as the downfalls.

The Impact of Piano Study on Family Life. marthabeth.com. 14, November 2011. Web. Piano lessons are costly, and progress can be slow in the beginning. I can use this article to talk about the pros and cons of taking piano lessons. If pursued, and attitude remains positive, the results can be amazing. How the Piano Changed Music. Dummies.com. 14, November 2011. Web. In this article, it talks about how piano, particularly classical, was affected by the invention of the piano. Since my whole essay is kind of based around this idea, I could use it in my thesis or hypothesis. Interesting Facts about the Piano. Kenfoster.com. 14, November 2011. Web. This article mainly states facts and details that most probably wouldnt know about the piano. I can use these as a hook to get my readers interested and intrigued into reading further into my paper. Piano History: The Complete Story. Get-piano-lessons.com. 14, November 2011. Web. Since this is more about the origin of the Piano and how it changed over time, I could use it to let the readers know that I do indeed have details and know what Im talking about. History of the Piano. Ptg.org. 14, November 2011. Web. Similarly, this article is focused on the history of how the piano came about. Usually, readers are captivated by so-called fun facts and so I hope that by telling them of all the fascinating events that occurred because of the piano, it would excite them to keep reading. Advice for Ladies. Umich.edu. 1, December 2011. Web. In this article, it gives the setting of Europe and what the clothing was like in the early 1700s. Since the Piano was invented during this time period, I think it is fitting and shows what kind the style was at that time.

Timeline of the Salem and Witch Trials. Salemwitchtrials.com. 1, December 2011. Web. Likewise, this website gives the timeline of the Salem and Witch Trials which occurred from the late 1600s through the early 1700s; which is when Bartolomeo lived his life and invented the piano. Baroque Composers and Musicians. baroquemusic.org. 1, December 2011. Web. In this site, it gives full history of what is happening in Italy during the early 1700s, which is when Bartolomeo was born. It also includes information about Germany, France, England, Spain and other surrounding countries which I can use for the setting portion in my essay. The Italian Solo Concerto, 1700-1760: Rhetorical Strategies and Style History. Books.google.com/italianmusic.com 1, December 2011. Web. This is perhaps a little more interesting one because it is taken out of a book titled The Italian Solo Concerto, a song written in the early 1700s. This gives us an idea of what the style of music was like back then and how it has changed since the creation of the piano. Italian Composers. 52composers.com. 1, December 2011. Web. This gives a list of the many different composers from Italy dating back from the 15th century throughout the 18th. Many of them, I propose were probably heavily influenced by the piano and were able to use it to enhance their musical talents. Bartolomeo, obviously, was not the only one who could play on a keyboard. Encyclopedia of World Biography on Bartolomeo Cristofori. Bookrags.com. 1, December 2011. Web. This shows the entire lifespan of Bartolomeo starting when he was born in 1655 to when he died in 1731. We can see that even after his death his improvements on the harpsichord were so influential that Germany decided to market it because they were so impressed. Even the following years when he was dead he still made a heavy impact on the musical industry.

Bartolomeo Cristofori Inventor of the Piano. Historyofscience2008blogspot.com. 1, December 2011. Web. This gives us some background information of what Bartolomeos lifestyle was like. This will be useful to get a deeper insight on what he was like and how he thought of the ingenious idea of the piano. Photos www.fenderrhodes.com/img/models/mark1a/stage73.jpg. Photo. This photo displays an old style Fender Rhodes keyboard, which I can use in my visual display section and also to show the difference between an old one and a newer one. Long-term affect. media.soundonsound.com/sos/jan05/images/roland9rhodes88.l.jpg. Photo. This picture shows a newer Fender Rhodes keyboard. I can use this to show a visual comparison between the newer and older style pianos. wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/BartolomeoCristofori.jpg/400pxBartolomeoCristofori.jpg. Photo. This picture is none other than Cristofori himself. I can use this as a graphic illustration to let readers know what he looks like and give them an idea how he was dressed. prefabsoftware.com/images/piano.gif. Photo. This is a picture of a modern Piano. After the keyboard was designed, many worked on it to create a more practical instrument. Through trial and error, the piano was born.