2011

APOSTILA DE INGLS BSICO MDULO II

TEN PM NILMARA DOVAL POLCIA MILITAR DA BAHIA 17/12/2011

APOSTILA DE INGLS BSICO CFSD 2011 MDULO II

TENENTE PM NILMARA SILVA DOVAL GRADUAO: ASSOCIAO CULTURAL BRASIL ESTADOS UNIDOS - ACBEU

PS-GRADUAO EM LISTENING AND SPEAKING:UNIVERSIDADE DE CAMBRIDGE CULTURA INGLESA

NDICE

1.0 Estruturas Gramaticais

1.1 Futuro com Will Simple Future 1.2 Futuro com Going to- Simple Future 1.3 Passado dos verbos Regulares Simple Past 1.4 Passado dos verbos irregulares Simple Past 1.5 Adjetivos formas comparativas 1.6 Pronouns Possessive and adjective forms 1.7 Reviso Dando direes 04 15 17 28 34 39 43

2.0 Estruturas Textuais

2.1 Tcnicas de Ingls Instrumental 2.2 Compreenso de texto 2.3 Vocabulrio 45 45 47

2.4 Construo de pequenos dilogos situaes de policiais em atendimento ao cidado. 61

3.0 Exerccios de Fixao

3.1 Aprendizagem 3.2 Questes de vestibulares 62 64

Futuro (will)
Veja a formao do futuro com will:

futuro simples I will work. You Will work. He Will work. She Will work. It Will work. We Will work. You Will work. They Will work.

forma contrata Ill work. Youll work. Hell work. Shell work. Itll work. Well work. Youll work. Theyll work.

Significado Eu trabalharei Voc trabalhar Ele trabalhar Ela trabalhar Ele/Ela trabalhar Ns trabalharemos. Vocs trabalharo. Eles trabalharo

WILL- Uso Entre as diversas formas de indicar o futuro em ingls, utilizamos a estrutura WILL + VERB para indicar: 1. Previses simples, geralmente com incerteza, sobre algum evento futuro. I think I will go by bus. [Acho que irei de nibus] Brazil will win the next World Cup. [O Brasil ganhar a prxima Copa do Mundo]. 2. Decises que foram tomadas no momento em que a pessoa est falando: Jessica: My house is a mess! I need to clean all the [Minha casa est uma baguna. Preciso limpar todos os cmodos.] Paul: Ill help you. [Eu vou te ajudar / Eu te ajudo] Wait for me. Ill be back in ten minutes. [Espere por mim. Voltarei em 10 minutes] Por isso, perceba que comum usar WILL quando dizemos que vamos ajudar algum que acabou de chegar carregado de compras, que tropeou rooms.

na nossa frente, etc ou simplesmente quando tomamos uma deciso qualquer neste momento.

Futuro (will) negativo futuro simples I Will not work. You Will not work. He Will not work. She Will not work. It Will not work. We Will not work. You Will not work. They Will work. forma contrada I wont work. You wont work. He wont work. She wont work. It wont work. We wont work. You wont work.

significado Eu no trabalharei Voc no trabalhar Ele no trabalhar Ela no trabalhar Ele/Ela no trabalhar Ns no trabalharemos. Vocs no trabalharo.

They wont work. Eles no trabalharo

I think this new manager will not work hard. [Eu acho que esse novo gerente no vai trabalhar muito.] We wont accept new subscribers. [No aceitaremos novos assinantes]. Futuro (will) interrogativo resposta curta(shortanswers) Yes, I will. Will Iwork? Eu trabalharei? No, I wont. Yes, you will. Will you work? Voc trabalhar? No, you wont Yes, he will. Will He work? Ele trabalhar? No, he wont. Yes, she will. Will she work? Will it work? Ela trabalhar? No, she wont. ele(a) trabalhar? Yes, it will.

Interrogativo

Significado

No, it wont. Will we work? Ns trabalharemos? Yes, we will. No, we wont. Yes, you will. Will you work? Vocs trabalharo? No, you wont. Yes, they will. No, they wont

Will they work?

eles(as) trabalharo?

Will you take those medicines? [Voc tomar aqueles remdios?] Will the United States help the other countries? [Os Estados Unidos ajudaro os outros pases?]

Veja um exemplo de dilogo usando I e you: - Will you come with us to the party? [Voc vir conosco festa?] - No, I wont. [No, no vou.]

Conclui-se que: O futuro uma forma verbal comumente utilizada para expressar eventos que ainda no aconteceram, estando estes situados depois do ato de fala, ou da escrita. O futuro simples em ingls construdo pelo verbo modal ou auxiliar will, ou pelo menos comum shall, seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo,sem to.

Pode ainda ser empregado quando:

Ex: Ill get

Fazer the money. (Eu

uma darei o

oferta. dinheiro).

Fazer be

uma very Fazer

predio rich. (Voc

sobre ser um

o muito

futuro. rico). pedido.

Ex: Youll

Ex: Will you ask them to be quiet? (Voc pedir a eles para ficarem quietos?). Ex: No, I Recusar wont be quiet. (No, alguma eu no ficarei coisa. quieto).

Fazer uma promessa, ameaa, dar um aviso ou um comando. Ex: Ill call the Fazer teacher. (Eu chamarei um o professor). convite.

Ex: Will you join us tonight? (Voc se juntar a ns esta noite?). Falar a respeito de acontecimentos sobre os quais voc no est totalmente certo. Neste caso, usa-se advrbios que indicam probabilidade, como: perhaps (talvez), maybe (talvez), certainly (certamente), probabl y(provavelmente), its possible/probable that... ( possvel, provvel que) Ex: Ill probably be late tomorrow. (Eu provavelmente estarei atrasada amanh). Geralmente so acompanhados por alguns advrbios ou locues adverbiais, como: tomorrow, soon, next month/week/year, in a few days, in a short time, in hours... Observao: possvel usar shall para expressar o futuro, seguido de verbo no infinitivo sem to. O Shall mais usado para as primeiras pessoas (I e We). Quando usado para as demais pessoas d nfase frase. Ex: I will go, he shall. (quer dizer que eu irei algum lugar, mas o fato de ele tambm ir merece ser detacado.)

Lembrete: O futuro simples tem as seguintes formas: Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Afirmativa Interrogativa Negativa

I Will You Will

I will not You will not He

Will I? Will you ? He? Will She ? It ? Will we ? Will You ?

Will not I? Will not you ? He? Will not She ? It ? Will not we ? Will not You ?

He She Will She will not It It We Will You Will We will not You will not They will not

They Will

Will They ?

Will not They ?

Essas formas tambm possuem contraes: WILL+NOT=WONT Afirmativa Ill YouII Hell Shell Itll Well Youll Theyll Negativa I wont You wont He She wont It We wont You wont They wont Interr. Negativa Wont I ? Wont you ? He ? Wont She ? It Wont we ? Wont You ? Wont They ?

Outros Exemplos:

 We will call him now. (Ns ligaremos para ele agora). Will she cook for us? (Ela cozinhar para ns?). I wont go to the supermarket. (Eu no irei ao supermercado). We shall never give up. (Ns no devemos desistir nunca).

Em ingls h duas formas de conjugar o futuro. Uma forma mais enftica e uma maneira mais informal. Ao idealizar a conjugao do tempo futuro em ingls, devemos pensar sobre a conjugao desse mesmo tempo no portugus. Compare as seguintes frases:

Viajarei amanh Eu vou viajar amanh

Voc pode observar que em portugus falar viajarei parece mais formal e enftico? E falar vou viajar parece mais informal? Em ingls o tempo futuro funciona da mesma maneira, porm nessa lio voc aprendeu a maneira mais formal na afirmativa e negativa. Estude as tradues abaixo:

Eu viajarei amanh I will travel tomorrow Ela encontrar a famlia no prximo Natal She will meet her family next Christmas Ns sairemos juntas na prxima quarta We will go out together next Wednesday

Veja que expresser o tempo futuro em ingls muito simples. Voc precisa da pessoa + will + verbo no infinitivo. O auxiliar de futuro Will tambm empregado para situaes em que se concorda com algo, promete-se ou oferece-se alguma coisa. Vamos estudar a formao do futuro no quadro abaixo usando o verbo to travel (viajar) como apoio para a construo das frases neste tempo. Afirmativa I will travel You will travel Forma Abreviada Afirmativa Ill travel You'll travel Traduo Eu viajarei Voc viajar

He will travel She will travel It will travel We will travel You will travel They will travel

He'll travel Shell travel It'll travel Well travel You'll travel Theyll travel

Ele viajar Ela viajar Ele/Ela viajar (para objetos) Ns viajaremos Vocs viajaro Eles/Elas viajaro

Agora no quadro abaixo vamos estudar a formao do tempo futuro na negativa. Continuaremos usando o verbo to travel (viajar) como apoio na construo de frases negativas. Negativa I will not travel You will not travel He will not travel She will not travel It will not travel We will not travel You will not travel They will not travel Forma Abreviada Negativa I wont travel You wont travel He wont travel She wont travel It wont travel We wont travel You wont travel They wont travel Traduo Eu no viajarei Voc no viajar Ele no viajar Ela no viajar Ele/Ela no viajar (para objetos) Ns no viajaremos Vocs no viajaro Eles/Elas no viajaro

Leia abaixo alguns complementos para formar frases no tempo futuro:

Tomorrow amanh The day after tomorrow depois de amanh Next week prxima semana Next weekend prximo final de semana

Next month prximo ms Next year prximo ano

Agora vamos ao exerccio para fixar o que acabamos de ver: Complete os espaos usando as informaes nos parnteses na forma do futuro que acabamos de apresentar: The phone is ringing! - Don't worry, (I, answer) it. (your idea, not, work)! It's too complicated. - I need to leave now. Is there a bus stop nearby? - No, but (I, give) you a ride. (we, not, get) to the school on time. Look at the traffic! - Paul just called: (he, be) here soon.

(we, not, start) the meeting before 2 pm. Everybody is busy right now. I think country. (Sandy, have) a great time in Greece. It's a wonderful

If we don't give our friends a map, get here. - Do you really have to leave? - Ok, (I, stay) for a few more minutes.

(they, not, know) how to

- I can't wait to see Mary! - Oh, (she, not, be) at the party... She had to go on a trip.

- These bags are really heavy! - Here, (we, help) you carry them.

EXERCCIO II

1 Qual a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase Im sure she ___________ me no Simple Future? a) recognizes. b) will recognized. c) recognize. d) will recognize. Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase Solar energy __________ an alternative in the future no Simple Future. a) will to be. b) will be. c) will is. d) will are. 1 Marque a alternativa cuja frase no esteja no Simple Future. a) They didnt watch TV. b) She will watch TV tonight. c) We will travel next week. d) I will study for the test. 2 Qual a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase I ________________ free time tomorrow no Simple Future? a) will to have. b) have will. c) will have. d) have. 3 Complete a frase The stores ___________ early this afternoon com o verbo no Simple Future e depois marque a alternativa correta. a) will closing. b) will closes. c) will closed. d) will close.

4 Qual a forma negativa da frase Paul will paint the house? a) Paul not will paint the house. b) Paul wont paint the house. c) Paul not will painted the house. d) Paul wont painted the house. 5 Qual a forma interrogativa da frase The computers will decide our future? a) The computers will decide our future? b) The computers wont decide our future? c) The will computers decide our future? d) Will the computers decide our future? 6 Qual alternativa corresponde transformao da frase They dont have the usual signs para o Simple Future? a) They wont have the usual signs. b) They will have the usual signs. c) They have the usual signs. d) They having the usual signs.

Read the text below - leiam o texto abaixo

My plans for the future I will work in a big city and I will be rich. I will have a happy life I will have a beautiful wife my wife will have six children. My children will love me and I will love my children. I wont have serious problems and I wont feel down every day. I will work from Monday to Saturday - on Sundays, I wont work. My wife will help me and I will help her. We will be more than husband and wife: we will be best friends. I will have a great job and I will love my job. My family will be a very special family and we will love each other. In our family, there will be peace, love, faith, dedication, respect and sincerity. This is my dream. Vocabulary:

Rich: rico Wife: esposa Serious: srio Feel down: sentir-se triste Too: tambm More than: mais do que Best: melhores Job: trabalho, emprego Each other: um ao outro There will be: vai haver Faith: f This: este Dream: sonho Her: ela, a ela

2. Answer the questions Responda as perguntas a. Where will Allan Jones work? ______________________________________________________ b. Will Allan Jones be rich? ______________________________________________________ c. Do you think Allans dream is possible? Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________

3. Mark True or False Verdadeiro ou Falso a. Allan Jones will not have a happy life. () b. Allan Jones wont have children. (..) c. Allan Jones will feel down every day. () d. Allan Jones will have a very good wife.() e. Allan Jones will have faith.(..) f. Allan Jones will love his job, his wife and his children.()

Futuro (be going to) Veja como formado: futuro simples forma contrada significado

I am going to work. Im going to work. You are going to work. She is going to work. It is going to work. We are going to work. You are going to work. They are going to work. Youre going to work. Shes going to work. Its going to work. Were going to work. Youre going to work. Theyre going to work.

Eu trabalharei Voc trabalhar Ele trabalhar Ela trabalhar Ele/Ela trabalhar Ns trabalharemos. Vocs trabalharo. Eles trabalharo

He is going to work. Hes going to work.

BE GOING TO Uso Entre as diversas formas de indicar o futuro em ingls, utilizamos a estrutura BE + GOING TO + VERB para indicar: 1. Previses baseadas em evidncias, sobre algum evento futuro. Temos certeza que algo acontecer. Look at the those clouds! Its going to rain this afternoon. [Olhe aquelas nuvens! Vai chover hoje tarde.] That car is going to hit the wall. [Aquele carro vai bater no muro.] 2. Intenes, planos (note que as decises j foram tomadas). Im going (to go) to France next month. [Irei Frana no prximo ms.] He is going to graduate in December. [Ele vai se formar em dezembro.] They are going to discuss this topic. [Eles discutiro esse assunto.]

Futuro (be going to) negativo

futuro simples I am not going to work. Youarenot going to work. He is not going to work. She is not going to work. We are not going to work. You are not going to work. They are not going to work.

forma contrada Im not going to work. You arent going to work. He isnt going to work. She isnt going to work. We arent going to work. You arent going to work. They arent going to work.

Significado Eu no trabalharei Voc no trabalhar Ele no trabalhar Ela no trabalhar

It is not going to work. It isnt going to work. Ele/Ela no trabalhar Ns no trabalharemos. Vocs no trabalharo. Eles no trabalharo

I am not going to buy new pants next week. [No comprarei novas calas na prxima semana] They arent going to play soccer in the winter. [Eles no jogaro futebol no inverno.] Were not going to be here tomorrow. [No estaremos aqui amanh.]

Futuro (be going to) interrogativo

Futuro simples Am I going to work? Are you going to work? Is he going to work?

significado Eu trabalharei?

Short answer Yes, I am. No, Im not. Yes, you are.

Voc trabalhar? No, you arent. Ele trabalhar? Yes, he is.

No, he isnt. Yes, she is. Is she going to work? Ela trabalhar? No, she isnt. Is it going to work? Are we going to work? Are you going to work? Are they going to work? Ele/Ela trabalhar? Ns trabalharemos? Vocs trabalharo? Eles trabalharo? No, they arent. Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Yes, we are. No, arent. Yes, you are. No, you arent. Yes, they are.

Are you going to study English this weekend? [Voc vai estudar ingls nesse fim de semana?] Is Allyson going to get married this year? [A Allyson vai se casar esse ano?]

Passado Simples Simple Past O Passado Simples descreve uma ao que j ocorreu e que no ocorre mais. A ao teve incio e fim no passado. No Simple Past o verbo no flexionado em nenhuma pessoa, repetindo-se em todas elas, diferentemente do que ocorre no presente simples.

Verbos Regulares - Regular Verbs Primeiramente iremos estudar o Passado Simples dos verbos regulares que,

de um modo geral, formado acrescentando -d ou -ed ao infinitivo dos verbos. Observe a tabela abaixo:

FORMA AFIRMATIVA: I You He She It We You They worked yesterday Worked yesterday worked yesterday worked yesterday worked yesterday worked yesterday worked yesterday worked yesterday

- PARTICULARIDADES DA ORTOGRAFIA DO SIMPLE PAST: 1. Os verbos terminados em e recebem apenas a letra -d ao infinitivo do verbo. Veja alguns exemplos abaixo: hope - hoped change - changed like - liked behave - behaved lie - lied live - lived love - loved arrive - arrived invite - invited snore - snored -ed:2. Se o verbo tiver uma nica slaba ou terminar em slaba tnica formada por consoante/vogal/consoante, dobra-se a ltima consoante e acrescenta-se

stop - stopped permit - permitted occur - occurred rob - robbed admit - admitted prefer - preferred omit - omitted control - controlled drop - dropped plan - planned shop - shopped 3. Os verbos terminados em y precedido de consoante trocam o y por -ied: study - studied carry - carried worry - worried try - tried hurry - hurried cry - cried 4. Os verbos terminados em consoante/vogal/consoante cuja slaba tnica no a ltima no dobram a consoante, apenas recebem -ed: listen - listened develop - developed open - opened fasten - fastened suffer - suffered visit - visited wonder - wondered offer offered

TEXT Picture yourself running one hundred, two hundred, four hundred meters with your eyes closed. You will probably think it is impossible, but this is exactly what dria Rocha dos Santos does best. dria 29, lived 20 years with only 10% of her vision, then she stopped seeing completely. The skinny girl from Nanuque, Minas Gerais, is the youngest child of a large family. She has seven brothers and sisters. She decided she wanted to be an athlete when she was very young. At 13 she started to practice at the Military Police Academy of Belo Horizonte. In 1988, at the age of 14, she participated in her first Paralympic Games of Seoul. That was the beginning of a very successful sports career. She moved to Rio de Janeiro where she met her guide, Jorge Luiz de Souza, also known as Chocolate. She trained five to six hours Daisy from Monday to Saturday. In the 1996 Paralympic Games in Atlanta, dria won three silver medals in the 100, 200 and 400 meters. In Sidney 2000, dria won a gold medal in the 100 meters and two silver medals in the 200 meters. She also established a Word Record in the 200 meters. dria lives with her 13-year-old daughter Barbara, in the city Joinville, Santa Catarina. She is training hard because she wants to participate in Paralympic Games of Beijing in 2008. 1- Answer the questions about the text. a) In what year did dria start to practice running? ___________________________________________________ b) Who is Jorge Luiz de Souza? ___________________________________________________ c) How many children did her parents have? ___________________________________________________ d) How many days a week did she train when she lived in Rio? ___________________________________________________ 2- True (T) or False (F) a) ( ) dria was born blind. b) ( ) According to the text, dria lived in four different cities. c) ( ) The text doesnt say if dria participated in the Barcelona Paralympic Games. 3- Check the correct alternative about the text. I- dria Rocha was born in: ( ) Santa Catarina ( ) Atlanta ( ) Minas Gerais II- Her first participation in a Paralympic Games was in ( ) Seoul ( ) Sidney ( ) Athens III- How many medals did dria win in Athens?

( ) one ( ) two ( ) three TRAINING 1) Write in the past tense: a- They stay at home all the time. ___________________________________________________________ b) We believe in God. ___________________________________________________________ c) She wants to see the film. ___________________________________________________________ d) The dog barks all the night. ___________________________________________________________ e) The bus stops here. _______________________________________________________ f) They drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945. _______________________________________________________

2- Complete to the past tense: a- I ______________________ in the morning. (study) b- He ____________________ the piano. (play) c- The girls _______________ the house. (clean) d- I _____________________ my work at 8. (start e- The boys ______________ many trees. (plant)

3- Choose the right answer: a- She __________________ to tell me a secret yesterday. ( ) want ( ) wants ( ) wanted

b- O passado simples do verbo destroy : ( ) destroyed ( ) destroyd ( ) destroied c- John Lennon ___________________ in 1980. ( ) die ( ) died ( ) dies

Observao: A conjugao dos verbos diferente do portugus. Enquanto cada pronome do portugus h uma conjugao diferente, no ingls h somente uma conjugao para todos os pronomes, e a traduo depende do sujeito. Em ingls com excesso as frases imperativas, todas as frases afirmativa, interrogativa ou negativa h um sujeito, no tem sujeito oculto.

A forma negativa dos verbos regulares formada com o sujeito, mais (did not ou didnt) e o infinitivo do verbo (sem to). Negative = Subject + Auxiliar (negative) + Infinitive sem to You did not (didnt) work yesterday morning. (Voc no trabalhou ontem de manh) A forma interrogativa dos verbos regulares formada com (Did), mais o sujeito, mais o infinitivo (sem to) Interrogative = Auxiliar + Subject + Infinitive (sem to) Did you work yesterday morning? (Voc trabalhou ontem de manh?) Quando a pergunta comear com uma Question-word a estrutura a seguinte: Interrogative = Question-word + Auxiliar + Subject + Infinitive (sem to) Why did you study English last year? Lista dos verbos regulares (pode ser que apaream mais alguns verbos que no esto nesta lista). Lembrando que o Simple Past (passado simples) dos verbos regulares tm a mesma terminao. Terminam em (ed) Infinitive....................Simple Past............. Translation 1 to agree................... agreed....................concordar 2 to allow................... allowed...................permitir 3 to appear................ apperared .............aparecer 4 to arrive................. arrived....................chegar 5 to ask...................... asked.......................perguntar 6 to brush.................. brushed..................escovar

7 to call....................... called......................chamar 8 to carry................... carried...................carregar 9 to clean................... cleaned...................limpar 10 to close................. closed......................fechar 11 to cook................. cooked......................cozinhar 12 to die................... died...........................morrer 13 to drown.............. drowned..................afogar-se 14 to enter............... entered.....................entrar 15 to expect............. expected..................esperar 16 to finish................ finished...................terminar 17 to hate................. hated.......................odiar 18 to hope................ hoped.......................esperar 19 to kiss................. kissed.......................beijar 20 to learn............... learned.....................aprender 21 to like.................. liked.........................gostar 22 to listen............... listened...................escutar/ouvir 23 to look................. looked......................olhar 24 to miss................ missed.....................perder/sentir falta 25 to open................ opened...................abrir 26 to order............... ordered..................ordenar/pedir 27 to pass................. passed....................passar 28 to phone.............. phoned...................telefonar 29 to plan................. planned..................planejar 30 to play.................. played...................jogar/tocar/brincar 31 to prefer.............. preferred..............preferir 32 to prepare........... prepared...............preparar 33 to rain.................. rained....................chover 34 to shave............... shaved...................barbear-se 35 to slice.................. sliced.....................cortar em fatias 36 to smoke.............. smoked.................fumar 37 to stay.................. stayed...................ficar/permanecer 38 to stop.................. stopped.................parar 39 to study............... studied..................estudar 40 to switch on......... switched on..........ligar 41 to switch off........ switched off..........desligar 42 to talk.................. talked....................conversar 43 to tie.................... tied........................amarrar 44 to travel.............. traveled................viajar 45 to try................... tried......................tentar 46 to turn on............ turned..................ligar 47 to turn off ..........turned off..............desligar 48 to type................ typed....................datilografar 49 to wait................ waited...................esperar 50 to walk................ walked..................andar/caminhar 51 to want............... wanted..................querer 52 to wash............... washed..................lavar 53 to watch.............. watched................assistir/observar 54 to work............... worked..................trabalhar Exercises

1) Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses (from 1 to 10)

1) The teacher ___________ late yesterday. (to arrive) 2) She _________ a very good meal last week. (to cook) 3) I _________ my homework the day before yesterday (to finish) 4) I _________ my kitchen yesterday. (to clean) 5) They _________ each other. (to kiss) 6) My cat ________ last week. (to die) 7) Paul _________ at home yesterday. (to stay) 8) My parents _________ until eleven o'clock a.m. yesterday. (to work) 9) It __________ a lot in Canada three years ago. (to rain) 2) Answer using short Answers (11 to 14) 11)Did Mary close the window? Yes, _________________ No, _________________ 12) Did your parents travel to Rome? Yes, _________________ No, _________________ 13) Did you go to school yesterday morning? Yes, _________________ No, __________________ 14) Did you call her last night? Yes, __________________ No, ___________________ 3) Change the sentences below into negative and interrogative forms (from 15 to 19) 15) They closed the window last night. N._________________________________________ I.__________________________________________

16) John phoned me two days ago. N.__________________________________________ I.___________________________________________ 17) Susan arrived late yesterday night. N. __________________________________________ I.___________________________________________ 18) My Parents called her last night. N.__________________________________________ I.__________________________________________ 19) They loved the film. N.__________________________________________ I.___________________________________________ 4)Write in the past tense (os verbos no esto na 3 pessoa do singular). (from 20 to 29) 20)They believe in God. ________________________________________ 21)The women like to stay at home. ________________________________________ 22)We love our parents. ________________________________________ 23)I want to see the film. ________________________________________ 24)I work hard in the country. ________________________________________ 25)They stay at home all the times. ________________________________________ 26)The dogs bark all night long.

________________________________________ 27)I study in the morning. ________________________________________ 28)I try to understand you. ________________________________________ 29)The men carry the bags. ________________________________________ 5)Write in the past tense. (observe que o sujeito est na 3 pessoa do singular). (from 30 to 37) 30) He plays soccer. __________________________ 31) The baby cries all night long. __________________________ 32) She studies her lessons. __________________________ 33)Helena finishes her works. __________________________ 34)The teacher watches TV. __________________________ 35)He talks on the telephone. __________________________ 36)She moves to Rio. __________________________ 37)The student works a lot. ___________________________ Interrogativa (Afirmativa & Negativa)/Interrogative:

Did/Didnt Did/Didnt Did/Didnt Did/Didnt

you go to school yesterday? (Voc foi escola ontem?) he buy a new car? (Ele comprou um carro novo?) they paint the house? (Eles pintaram a casa?) we travel last weekend? (Viajamos fim de semana passado?)

(Note: As frases interrogativas apresentam o verbo auxiliar do Simple Past, DID, assim, os verbos ficam em sua forma base, enquanto o verbo auxiliar (DID) faz com que o verbo flexione-se no passado.) Negativa/Negative: I didnt go to school yesterday. (No fui escola ontem.) He didnt buy a new car. (Ele no comprou um carro novo.) They didnt paint the house. (Eles no pintaram a casa.) We didnt travel last weekend (Ns no viajamos fim de semana passado.) Assim como na Interrogativa, devido a presena do Verbo Auxiliar o verbo ficar em sua forma base, do infinitivo sem o to.

RESUMO DO SIMPLE PAST AFIRMATIVO I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked NEGATIVO I didnt work You didnt work He didnt work She didnt work It didnt work We didnt work You didnt work They didnt work INTERROGATIVO Did I work ...? Did you work ...? Did he work ...? Did she work ...? Did it work ...? Did we work...? Did you work ...? Did they work ...?

Exercises: 3) PUT THE SENTENCES INTO NEGATIVE FORM: A) she wore a new pants yesterday. _______________________________________________ B) my father stopped to buy chocolate for me. _______________________________________________ C) I saw my boyfriend yesterday.

_______________________________________________ D) Peter carried a lot of things in your car. _______________________________________________ E) he found my old book. _____________________________________________ 4) PUT THE SENTENCE INTO THE INTERROGATIVE FORM: A) we worked all day long. _____________________________________________ B) they studied English last week. _____________________________________________ C) you traveled last month. _____________________________________________ D) you found my red dress. _____________________________________________ LISTA DE ALGUNS VERBOS IRREGULARES Nesta lio foram citados os verbos regulares. Veja agora alguns verbos irregulares e suas formas tanto no passado como no particpio simples: Embora os verbos irregulares se constituam numa pequena minoria em relao a todos os verbos existentes na lngua, a freqncia com que ocorrem muito alta, o que lhes d uma importncia significativa. So todos de origem predominantemente a aes comuns. anglo-saxnica e se referem

Os verbos irregulares do ingls so aqueles verbos que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do Past Participle, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se d atravs do sufixo -ed. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser classificado de irregular. interessante notar que a irregularidade dos verbos em ingls manifesta-se apenas nas formas do Past e do Past Participle, e no na conjugao dos mesmos, como em portugus. Os nicos verbos do ingls

que tm tambm uma conjugao irregular so o verbo to be e os verbos auxiliares modais (can, may, might, shall, should, must, etc.). interessante notar tambm que, com relao a freqncia de ocorrncia, o Past mais importante para o aluno do que o Past Participle. Enquanto que o Past representa uma das estruturas gramaticais bsicas, o Past Participle ocorre apenas no Perfect Tense, na formao da Voz Passiva), e na forma adjetivada do verbo. Exemplos: Have you heard the news? - Perfect Tense Toyotas are made in Japan. - Passive Voice English is a widely spoken language. - Adjective Ns aqui classificamos as formas irregulares dos verbos como uma questo de vocabulrio, uma vez que as mesmas no interferem na estruturao das frases; e do ponto de vista do aprendizado, o aluno deve assimilar essas formas da mesma maneira que assimila vocabulrio. Base Past Past Portuguese Form Tense Participle Translation ------- ------- --------------- ------------------arise arose arisen surgir, erguer-se awake awoke awoken despertar be was, were been ser, estar bear bore borne suportar, ser portador de beat beat beaten bater become became become tornar-se befall befell befallen acontecer beget begot begotten, begot procriar, gerar begin began begun comear behold beheld beheld contemplar bend bent bent curvar bet bet bet apostar bid bid bid oferecer, fazer uma oferta bind bound bound unir, encadernar, obrigar-se

bite bit bitten morder bleed bled bled sangrar, ter hemorragia blow blew blown assoprar, explodir break broke broken quebrar breed bred bred procriar, reproduzir bring brought brought trazer broadcast broadcast broadcast irradiar, transmitir build built built construir buy bought bought comprar cast cast cast atirar, deitar catch caught caught pegar, capturar choose chose chosen escolher cling clung clung aderir, segurar-se come came come vir cost cost cost custar creep crept crept rastejar cut cut cut cortar deal dealt dealt negociar, tratar dig dug dug cavocar do did done fazer ** draw drew drawn tracionar, desenhar ** drink drank drunk beber drive drove driven dirigir, ir de carro eat ate eaten comer fall fell fallen cair feed fed fed alimentar feel felt felt sentir, sentir-se fight fought fought lutar

find found found achar, encontrar flee fled fled fugir, escapar fling flung flung arremessar fly flew flown voar, pilotar forbid forbade forbidden proibir forget forgot forgot, forgotten esquecer forgive forgave forgiven perdoar freeze froze frozen congelar, paralisar get got gotten, got obter ** give gave given dar go went gone ir grind ground ground moer grow grew grown crescer, cultivar have had had ter, beber, comer hear heard heard ouvir hide hid hidden, hid esconder hit hit hit bater hold held held segurar hurt hurt hurt machucar keep kept kept guardar, manter know knew known saber, conhecer lay laid laid colocar em posio horizontal, assentar lead led led liderar leave left left deixar, partir lend lent lent dar emprestado let let let deixar, alugar lie lay lain deitar lose lost lost perder, extraviar

make made made fazer, fabricar ** mean meant meant significar, querer dizer meet met met encontrar, conhecer overcome overcame overcome superar overtake overtook overtaken alcanar, surpreender pay paid paid pagar put put put colocar quit quit quit abandonar read read read ler ride rode ridden andar ring rang rung tocar (campainha, etc.) rise rose risen subir, erguer-se run ran run correr, concorrer, dirigir saw sawed sawn serrar say said said dizer see saw seen ver seek sought sought procurar obter, objetivar sell sold sold vender send sent sent mandar set set set pr em determinada condio, marcar, ajustar ** shake shook shaken sacudir, tremer shed shed shed soltar, deixar cair ** shine shone shone brilhar, reluzir shoot shot shot atirar, alvejar show showed shown mostrar, exibir shrink shrank shrunk encolher, contrair shut shut shut fechar, cerrar sing sang sung cantar

sink sank sunk afundar, submergir sit sat sat sentar slay slew slain matar, assassinar sleep slept slept dormir slide slid slid deslizar, escorregar sling slung slung atirar, arremessar speak spoke spoken falar spend spent spent gastar spin spun spun fiar, rodopiar spit spit, spat spit, spat cuspir spread spread spread espalhar spring sprang sprung fazer saltar stand stood stood parar de p, agentar steal stole stolen roubar stick stuck stuck cravar, fincar, enfiar sting stung stung picar (inseto) stink stank stunk cheirar mal strike struck struck golpear, desferir, atacar string strung strung encordoar, amarrar strive strove striven esforar-se, lutar swear swore sworn jurar, prometer, assegurar sweep swept swept varrer swim swam swum nadar swing swung swung balanar, alternar take took taken tomar ** teach taught taught ensinar, dar aula tear tore torn rasgar, despedaar tell told told contar

think thought thought pensar throw threw thrown atirar, arremessar tread trod trodden pisar, trilhar undergo underwent undergone submeter-se a, suportar understand understood understood entender uphold upheld upheld sustentar, apoiar, defender wear wore worn vestir, usar, gastar win won won vencer, ganhar wind wound wound enrolar, rodar, dar corda write wrote written escrever, redigir ** verbos de significado mltiplo, que podem mudar consideravelmente de significado, conforme a frase em que ocorrerem. Em maior ou menor grau, a maioria dos significados em portugus fornecidos acima servem apenas como indicativo aproximado e provvel. O significado exato vai sempre depender do contexto em que ocorrerem os verbos.

Formation of Comparative Adjectives

Existem duas formas de construo do comparativo de adjetivos

short adjectives(adjetivos curtos): acrescenta-se "-er" long adjectives(adjetivos longos) : usa-se "more"

Short adjectives old, fast happy, easy old older

1-syllable adjectives (monosslabos) 2-syllable adjectives ending in y (terminados em Y)

Normal rule(regra geral): acrescentar "-er" Variao: se oadjetivo termina em -e, apenas acrescenta-se -r

late later

Variao: se o adjetivo termina em consoante, vogal, consoante, dobra-se a ltima consoante Variao: se o adjetivo termina em -y, troque o y por i Long adjectives

big bigger

happy happier

2-syllable adjectives not ending in y(monosslabos no terminados em y) all adjectives of 3 or more syllables( todos os adjetivos com mais de 3 slabas)

modern, pleasant expensive, intellectual modern more modern expensive more expensive

Normal rule: use "more"

With some 2-syllable adjectives, we can use '-er' or 'more':

quiet quieter/more quiet clever cleverer/more clever narrow narrower/more narrow simple simpler/more simple

Exception The following adjectives have irregular forms:

good better well (healthy) better bad worse far farther/further

Regras para o uso do Comparativo de Adjetivos

1. Comparative of equality Usamos para dizer que dois objetos ou pessoas so iguais. Example: John is as tall as Mary. (Os dois tem a mesma altura) Cludio is as intelligent as Carlos. (Os dois so inteligentes) Nota-se que os adjetivos tall/intelligent so usados entre as ... as.

2. Comparative of superiority Para falarmos em grau comparativo de superioridade em Inglsdevemos classific-los em dois tipos: short (curto) e long (longos) A. Para fazermos o comparativo dos adjetivos curtos, acrescentamos er ao adjetivo e a palavra than (do que). short adjectives comparative traduo Complete: short shorter than_________ mais baixo do que long _____________________ mais comprido do que cheap ____________________mais barato do que small ____________________ menor do que quiet ____________________ mais quieto do que clean ____________________ mais limpo do que fast _____________________mais rpido do que slow _____________________ mais devagar do que Nice _____________________mais simptica do que Eg.: John is shorter than Paul. (John mais baixo do que Paul.) B. Para os adjetivos curtos terminados em y tiramos o y e acrescentamos ier e a palavra than. Adjective comparative traduo Complete: Heavy heavier than_________ mais pesado do que Shy _______________________ mais tmido do que Easy ______________________ mais fcil do que Friendly ______________________ mais amigvel do que Eg.: Jane is shier than Carla. (Jane mais tmida do que Carla.) C. Para adjetivos curtos que so formados por consoante + vogal +consoante, dobra-se a ultima letra e acrescenta-se er than. short adjectives comparative traduo Complete: Big bigger than_______________ maior do que Hot __________________________ mais quente do que D. Para fazermos o comparativo dos adjetivos longos, colocamos apalavra more + adjetivo + than.

Complete o resto da ta bela. long adjectives comparative traduo intelligent______ more intelligent than ____mais inteligente do que expensive __________________________ mais caro do que beautiful __________________________ mais bonita do que interesting __________________________ mais interessante do que dangerous __________________________ mais perigoso do que boring __________________________ mais chato do que modern __________________________ mais moderno do que Eg.: Soccer is more interesting than tennis. E. As excees so: adjective comparative traduo good better than melhor do que bad worse than pior do que far farther than mais longe do que Exercise 1 Complete as frases com os adjetivos na forma comparativa. 1. He is ____________________________________ I am.(Young) 2. Mr. Smith is __________________________________ I am.(old) 3. Chicago is _________________________________ Paris. (big) 4. This book is _________________________ the other one.(good) 5. Today the weather is _____________________ yesterday. (bad) 6. This exercise is __________________________ the other. (easy) 7. This metal is ___________________________ gold. (valuable) 8. Ja________________________________ her sister. (attractive) 9. John is _____________________________ his brother. (smart) 10. Ferrari is ___________________________ BMW. (expensive) 11. My bed is________________________ my brothers. (heavy) 12. She is __________________________________ I am. (pretty) 13. Mt. Everest is ________________________ Aconcagua. (high) 14. January is _______________________________ August. (hot) 15. This chair is ______________________ my sofa. (comfortable) Exercise 2 Make sentences in the comparative form (....er than / more ... than): Example: 1) Fred / tall / Jane Fred is taller than Jane. 2) Her bedroom / big / the living -room. _______________________________________________________ ______________________________

3) A train / fast / a car _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 4) Japanese / difficult / English _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 5) I / happy / my friend _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 6) A bicycle / cheap / a motorbike _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 7) Paul / intelligent / John _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 8) Africa / hot / Greenland _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 9) Carlos / good student / his brother _______________________________________________________ ______________________________ Exercise 3 Choose one adjective from de box and complete the sentences below using the comparative of equality. (as ... as) a. Plastic jewellery is ___________________ diamonds and pearls. b. His problems are __________________________ her problems. c. So Paulo is ____________________________ Acre. d. Your car is _________________________________ my car. e. The Amazon river is __________________________the Thames. Exercise 4 Put the words in the right order to make a sentence in the comparative of superiority. a. Slim Skinty / richer / Bob Mcgive / is / than _______________________________________________________ ______________ b. successful / brother / his / more / than / Bill / is _______________________________________________________ _______________

c. here / the / Manchester / in / worse / than / weather / is _______________________________________________________ _______________ d. sergeant / is / a / important / a / general / more / than _______________________________________________________ _______________ e. better / than / Italian / American / are / pizzas / pizzas _______________________________________________________ _______________ big cheap powerful long serious Exercise 5 Complete the sentences with words from the box in the comparative form using as as. 1. Peter and Bill always get 10 on their tests. Peter is _____________________________ his friend Bill. 2. You have a Fiat 93 and I have a Ford 99. My car is not __________________________ your car. 3. Lucy and Jane are top models. Lucy is _____________________________ Jane. 4. Im very bad at history and geography. History is _________________________ geography for me. 5. A Volkswagen is not ______________________________ a Mercedes. 6. I always make chocolate cake but my chocolate cake is not ___________________________ yours.

Pronomes Adjetivos e Substantivos - Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns

Em Ingls h um adjetivo e um pronome possessivo para cada pronome pessoal. Os pronomes e os adjetivos possessivos existentes na Lngua Inglesa so os que se encontram no quadro abaixo.

Pronomes Possessivos Adjetivos Possessive Adjectives my (meu, minha) your (teu, tua, seu, sua) his (dele) her (dela) its [dele, dela (neutro)] our (nosso, nossa) your (vosso, vossa, seu, sua, de vocs) their [deles, delas (neutro)]

Pronome Possessivos Substantivos Possessive Pronouns mine [(o) meu, (a) minha] yours [(o) teu, (a) tua, (o) seu, (a) sua] his [(o)/(a) dele] hers [(o)/(a) dela] its [(o)/(a) dele, (o)/(a) dela (neutro)] ours [(o) nosso, (a) nossa] yours [(o) vosso, (a) vossa, (o) seu, (a) sua] theirs [(o)/(a) deles, (o)/(a) delas (neutro)]

Veja mais detalhadamente cada um desses pronomes: 1. Pronomes Possessivos Adjetivos (Possessive Adjectives): Os adjetivos possessivos modificam substantivos, portanto aparecem sempre acompanhados de substantivos. a) Os Pronomes Possessivos Adjetivos (Possessive Adjectives) precedem substantivos. My jacket is new. (Minha jaqueta nova.) Our car is red. (Nosso carro vermelho.)

This is your pencil. [Este (o) seu lpis.]

b) Os Adjetivos Possessivos (Possessive Adjectives), em Ingls, no se flexionam, ou seja, valem tanto para o singular como para o plural. Isso no ocorre na Lngua Portuguesa, onde os Pronomes Possessivos Adjetivos se flexionam e mudam sua forma do singular para o plural. This is our book. [Este (o) nosso livro.] These are our books. [Estes so (os) nossos livros.] This is your book. [Este (o) seu livro.] These are your books. [Estes so (os) seus livros.]

c) Em ingls, nunca se usa artigo (the, a, an) na frente dos pronomes possessivos. (NUNCA FALE): the my book (o meu livro); the her car is black (o carro dela preto) LEMBRAR: O Pronome Possessivo Adjetivo (Possessive Adjective) est sempre diretamente ligado a um substantivo. 2. Pronomes Possessivos Substantivos (Possessive Pronouns): a) Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns) nunca so usados antes de substantivo, pois sua funo substitui-lo a fim de evitar repetio. Compare estas duas frases: Is that car your car? (Aquele carro o seu carro?) Is that car yours? (Aquele carro o seu?)

b) Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns), em Ingls, concordam sempre com o possuidor, diferentemente do Portugus, em que a concordncia se faz com a coisa (pessoa, animal, objeto) possuda. I have my house and you have yours. (Eu tenho a minha casa e voc tem a sua.) The country and its inhabitants. (O pas e seus habitantes.)

c) Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns), em Ingls, no se flexionam, ou seja, valem tanto para o singular como para o plural. Isso no ocorre na Lngua Portuguesa, onde os Pronomes Possessivos Substantivos se flexionam e mudam sua forma do singular para o plural. This copybook is ours. (Este caderno nosso.) These copybooks are ours. (Estes cadernos so nossos.) This car is mine. (Este carro meu.) These cars are mine. (Estes carros so meus.)

d) Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns) podem ser usados em construes com a preposio of. Daniel and John are friends of ours. (Daniel e Joo so nossos amigos.) She is a relative of his. (Ela parente dele.) He was an enemy of hers. (Ele era um inimigo dela.)

e) Em ingls, nunca se usa artigo (the, a, an) na frente dos pronomes possessivos. (NUNCA FALE): My songs are good, but not like the his. (Minhas msicas so boas, mas no como as dele).

1) Complete as frases com os adjetivos possessivos correspondentes: a) The dog wants dog's house back.

b) Mr. Arnold my new English teacher likes house on the mountain.

c)Did you know that best friend moved to San Francisco, California.

d)They always forget book at home!

e)We must do home work before the teacher arrives!

f)She likes to clean house every Sunday.

g)Joe knows how to fix bicycle without any kind of help.

h)Mary wants to move with grandma to Minnesota

i) We always go on vacation with friends.

j) What did you say? Isn't that house?.

l) You can't bring video game inside the school.

l) This country needs to learn how to solve problems without International support.

m) I often go to church with new red dress.

GRAMMAR REVIEW Asking and giving directions

1. True or false. You are here 1. The jewelry store is behind the Italian restaurant (_____) 2. The bar is on Second Avenue. (_____) 3. The police station is on the left from Fire Department. (_____) 4. The toy store is across from the Chinese restaurant. (_____) 5. The movie theater is opposite the Book store. (_____) 6. The sporting goods store is behind the Furniture store. (_____) 7. The bar is next to the Chinese restaurant. (_____) 2. Look at the map. Choose the correct name of the building! 1. Take the first street on the left. Take the next street on the right. Go straight on and cross the road. It's on the left.

_____________________ 2. Take the first street on the left. Go down the street. Turn on the right. Take the next street on the right. Go straight on and cross the road. Go straight on. It's in front of you on the other side of the road. _____________________ 3. Take the first street on the left. Take the next street on the right. Take the next street on the right. Pass the Fire Department. It's on your left. _____________________ 3. What's the best way to the post office? (Use the map for orientation.)

Excuse me, where is the post office, please? 1. ____________at the next corner. 2. Then ________until you come to the traffic lights. 3. ___________there. 4. The post office is ________the cinema. 4. Fill in the words below correctly. (Use the map for orientation.)

USE THESE WORDS TO FULL FILL THE BLANKS: continue, end, excuse, get, left (2x), next, opposite, right, second, straight on, thank, turn, welcome 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. _________me, how do I _________to the cinema? Go _________. Turn _________at the corner. Then take the _________road on your _________. _________to the _________of the road. _________left there. The cinema is on your _________, _________the castle.

8. _________you very much. 9. You're _________.

TCNICAS BSICAS DE INGLS INSTRUMENTAL LEITURA O que ingls instrumental?

English for Specific Purposes (E.S.P), que em portugus quer dizer: Ingls com Objetivos Especficos, tambm chamado de ingls instrumental ou tcnico, ou seja, a habilidade de entender textos em lngua inglesa usando estratgias especficas de leitura. Surgiu com a necessidade de comunicao rpida e eficaz em vrios contextos mundiais. Como por exemplo: durante a guerra, os soldados precisavam aprender o idioma do inimigo para sobreviverem, este vocabulrio bsico era visto no avio, navio, nos campos de batalha. Com o passar do tempo, outros contextos sociais foram surgindo, como: a necessidade de leitura de livros, revistas, catlogos, instrues operacionais, manuais escritos em ingls que precisavam ser compreendidos pelos usurios, etc. Sendo assim, torna-se necessrio uma abordagem especfica da lngua Inglesa, que atenda as necessidades profissionais dos estudantes, que so leitura e compreenso de livros. E assim, o Ingls Instrumental possui o objetivo de desenvolver a habilidade de leitura, isto , de compreenso de textos de diversas reas do conhecimento escritos em lngua inglesa, utilizando para isso estratgias de leitura, a fim de tornar o aluno capaz de compreender um texto da sua rea de estudo. Nesse enfoque, a leitura conta com o conhecimento prvio dos leitores. O ingls instrumental consiste no treinamento instrumental dessa lngua, em que as habilidades tm por objetivo extrair conhecimentos para reas especficas de estudo. Vale lembrar que o ingls instrumental ou tcnico pode ou no visar a comunicao oral em ingls, entretanto, sua principal habilidade a ser trabalhada ser a leitura, a fala e o estudo de gramtica, restringindo-a a um mnimo necessrio, ou seja, associando-a ao texto. Mtodo Desenvolve a leitura ("reading") de forma limitada a um objetivo especfico, atravs da habilidade de manipular textos em lngua inglesa,

tentando assimilar a compreenso geral e inferir informaes especficas. A gramtica ensinada de forma contextualizada a um objetivo especfico.

Traduo os textos Para nosso curso no h traduo, porm outros mtodos so utilizados como, por exemplo: deduo, contexto semntico, reconhecimento de afixos, cognatos e vocabulrio da rea.

Como sero as aulas?

As aulas sero ministradas em portugus, no haver traduo literal, outras estratgias sero utilizadas como, por exemplo, deduo, cognatos, familiares, dicas tipogrficas e outros. O ingls instrumental poder abrir seus horizontes de leitura e assim voc se manter mais informado e prximo ao mundo globalizado.

ABILITIES AND OTHER FACILITATORS

Cognates: so palavras de origem grega ou latinas bem parecidas com as do portugus. Ex. different diferente infection infeco. Obs.: Ateno com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend no significa pretender, mas sim, fingir; importante observar se a palavra se encaixa no contexto. Repeated words: se uma palavra aparece vrias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela importante para a compreenso do mesmo. Typographical Evidences: so smbolos, letras maisculas, negrito, itlico, etc., que do dicas teis sobre o texto. Selectivity: leitura seletiva, isto , selecionar os trechos onde se quer encontrar uma determinada informao (pargrafos, por exemplo).

Dictionary: o dicionrio deve ser utilizado como ltimo recurso para se descobrir o significado de uma palavra ou expresso desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura no seja lenta demais, e para que o leitor no desanime tendo que parar toda vez que encontrar algo desconhecido. ESTRATGIAS DE LEITURA

Skimming: leitura rpida para ter-se uma idia central do texto. Scanning: leitura com especficas no texto. objetivo de encontrar algumas informaes

Prediction: significa inferir o contedo de um texto atravs de seu conhecimento prvio sobre o tema (background); atravs do contexto semntico (palavras de um mesmo grupo, por exemplo: hospital, nurse, doctor, ambulance); contexto lingstico (pistas gramaticais); contexto nolingstico (gravuras, grficos, tabelas, nmeros, etc.); conhecimento sobre estrutura do texto (lay out, ttulo, subttulo, diviso de pargrafos, etc.). Vale ressaltar a importncia do conhecimento prvio do leitor e das suas expectativas e dedues em relao ao texto. COGNATOS Muito comuns na Lngua Inglesa, os cognatos so palavras de procedncia grega ou latina, bastantes parecidas com as da Lngua Portuguesa, tanto na forma, como no significado. Os cognatos podem ser: Idnticos: Exs.: radio, piano, hospital, hotel, sofa, nuclear, social, total, particular, chance, camera, inventor, etc.

Bastante parecidos: Exs.: gasoline, banks, inflation, intelligent, population, revolution, commercial, attention, different, products, secretary, billion, dramatic, deposits, distribution, automatic, television, public, events, models, etc. Vagamente parecidos: Exs.: electricity, responsible, explain, activity, impossible, lamp, company, etc.

PALAVRAS FAMILIARES (ESTRANGEIRISMOS)

Familiares so palavras conhecidas pela maioria das pessoas que vive em um pas altamente influenciado pela cultura dos pases de Lngua Inglesa. No tm a mesma origem das palavras da Lngua Portuguesa.

Alguns exemplos de Familiares:

Software Fast food Delivery Shows Hamburguer

Windows Video game Dollar Moto/Office Boy Play

Hot dog Credit card Marketing Site DVD / CD

Diet Mouse Light Drive-thru Record

COGNATOS

Leia o segmento abaixo e selecione todas as palavras que se paream com o Portugus e aquelas que so usadas da mesma forma tanto na Lngua Inglesa como na Lngua Portuguesa. The FIFA World Cup was founded in 1971. It was designed by Silvio Gazzanigi of Italy. Made of 18-carat gold and malachite, the cup is 36,5 cm tall and weighs 6,2 kg. The sculpture depicts two triumphant football players holding a globe in their raised hands. The trophy is passed on to each winning team that gets to keep an identical (but gold-plated) replica. The making of the statue cost about $50,000, today its value is estimated to over $10,000,000. After each tournament the name of the winning country and the year of their World Cup victory are engraved in the bottom side of the trophy.

SKIMMING

Leia os segmentos abaixo e utilizando os cognatos e familiares identifique o assunto abordado em cada um deles:

1) One of the most impressive sights in Paris, this construction was built in the second half of the 19th century as an ornament, presumably to show the possibilities of steel, and to allow Parisians to see their own city from above. Now a major tourist attraction for visitors from all over the world and a site for TV and radio transmissions. It is linked in the worlds mind with the image of France and Paris. - ____________________________________________. 2) The FIFA World Cup was founded in 1971. It was designed by Silvio Gazzanigi of Italy. Made of 18-carat gold and malachite, the cup is 36,5 cm tall and weighs 6,2 kg. The sculpture depicts two triumphant football players holding a globe in their raised hands. ____________________________________________. 3) The soldier Samuel Carneiro, part of the Tourist Police Battalion (BPTur), and works directly with tourists visiting Ceara, had never studied English. On the morning of Wednesday last, after 24 lessons with 11 other colleagues, he presented an approach to foreign police and was preparing to attend the second module of the course offered by the 'International Ally' to the Public Safety professionals. "When the course started it was all new to me. I had gone through a difficult situation trying to communicate with foreigners. After a few classes since I came across a new situation and got the message necessary to the security of tourists," he says. - ____________________________________________.

4) Alcoholic drink produced originally in Scotland, Ireland and USA, by fermenting certain cereal grains and then distilling to produce a lightcolored liquid containing about 40% alcohol. It is drunk with or without ice, soda or according to taste. - ____________________________________________.

1-PRE-TEXT ACTIVITIES (o que devemos mentalizar sobre um texto antes mesmo de comear a l-lo)

- Qual a sua opinio sobre o assunto... - O que voc acha ou Qual o seu posicionamento pessoal ou O que voc sabe a respeito... - Indique em portugus palavras que voc espera encontrar no texto... - O que lhe sugere o ttulo, a ilustrao, o grfico... - Cite 2 situaes, limitaes, sugestes... - Cite 2 pontos positivos e 2 negativos sobre o assunto... 2-SKIMMING (Nem sempre necessrio- so atividades j relacionadas com o texto) - Voc pode prever algum aspecto do assunto a ser abordado? - Pelo ttulo do texto, o que voc acha que o autor vai discorrer ? - O que voc pode deduzir a respeito do assunto analisando tal palavra, expresso, desenho, negritos, itlicos... 3-SCANNING - Localize alguns cognatos ou falsos cognatos. - Antes de ler o texto, examine grficos, ilustraes, ttulos, sub-ttulos e responda rapidamente: Em que ano? Quem o responsvel? Qual a reviso do nmero...? - A que se referem os nmeros do ...pargrafo, da pgina ...da linha... - Localize a sigla .(?.).e diga o que ela significa - Qual a porcentagem de (?) que aparece no texto... - Consulte o texto e complete o pargrafo. Pargrafo em portugus com os dados em ingls do texto e vice-versa... - Quem ...? - Quantas pessoas, animais, pesquisas...? - Relacione as duas colunas (nomes e cargos, pessoas e idades, pessoas e lugares...) - No (?) pargrafo menciona o ttulo de um artigo e seu autor, quais so eles? 4-LANGUAGE STUDY Uma das habilidades mais importantes que voc precisa desenvolver a capacidade de lidar com palavras desconhecidas e aumentar o seu vocabulrio. impossvel recorrer ao dicionrio toda vez que se encontra uma palavra nova. Muitas vezes, pode se deduzir o significado das palavras desconhecidas pelo contexto. H vrias maneiras de deduzir o significado de uma palavra. Para tal voc deve observar: a- A formao da palavra, (prefixo, sufixo, raiz...) b- Sua classe gramatical c- Se aps a palavra, segue uma explicao, ou exemplo... d- Se sinnimo ou antnimo de uma j mencionada e- Se ela comparada ou contrastada com outra j conhecida f- Posio da palavra na frase g- O significado da sentena no contexto do pargrafo e do texto

h- s vezes, necessrio que voc leia e releia, toda a frase ou at todo o pargrafo em no qual o vocbulo est inserido. Resumo gramatical (s do estritamente necessrio) Numere as colunas de acordo com o significado (linha...) Localize no texto tal ou linha tal... construes... exemplos de.. Distribua em colunas Transcreva do texto (de acordo com informaes) Procure na linha... o oposto de , sinnimo de, traduo de Selecione no texto exemplos de Complete as sentenas de acordo com o texto Use... para completar as sentenas Considerando a explicao dada no quadro, d o significado, ligue... Assinale com um X a resposta... A que(m) se referem os seguintes pronomes ou palavras ou expresses

5-TEXT COMPREHENSION A idia principal de um pargrafo vem geralmente no incio dele. Assim sendo, o exame cuidadoso do incio do pargrafo essencial a sua compreenso. - Cite vantagens e desvantagens citadas pelo autor - Que exemplos o autor usa para ilustrar... - Qual a opinio de... a respeito de ... 6-POST-TEXT ACTIVITIES - Na sua opinio este texto foi tirado de... - Pela maneira que o tema foi abordado, qual a inteno do autor? - Que medidas tm sido tomadas para resolver o problema... - Que relao se pode fazer entre...e... - O que que voc achou do texto? - Voc pode corroborar com a opinio do autor? - Cite fatos semelhantes que ocorreram... - Qual a posio do autor quanto ao assunto? - De onde foi tirado o texto e a que pblico se dirige o autor? - A leitura do texto modificou ou reforou o seu posicionamento a respeito do assunto? - O texto (narrativo, argumentativo, descritivo... EXERCCIO-PADRO PARA LEITURA DE TEXTOS 1- Compreenso Geral a- Leia somente o ttulo do texto. Prediga e anote, em portugus ou ingls, cinco palavras que voc espera encontrar no texto. b- D uma olhada rpida no texto, no mximo por 1 minuto. Considerando todas as indicaes tipogrficas, os cognatos, as palavras repetidas e o seu conhecimento prvio do assunto, sintetize o tema central do texto. 2-Compreenso dos Pontos Principais

c- Anote as palavras que lhe parecem importantes para a compreenso global do texto e cujo significado voc no sabe. Tente descobrir pelo contexto, ou atravs do dicionrio, o significado de cada uma e escreva-o de lado. d- Resuma, em apenas uma frase, a idia principal de cada pargrafo. 3-Avaliao / Aplicao e- Na sua opinio, qual foi a inteno principal do autor (persuadir, simplesmente informar o leitor...)? Justifique sua resposta. f- Indique seu interesse pelo texto considerando uma escala de 1 a 5 (5= muito interessante; 1= desinteressante) g- Na sua opinio, que tipo de pessoa teria maior interesse em ler o texto? h- A informao ou argumentao, do texto aplicvel realidade brasileira? i- Anote as partes que voc no conseguiu entender e diga as razes de sua dificuldade, indicando, por exemplo: 1- falta de conhecimento prvio do assunto; 2- falta de vocabulrio; 3- desconhecimento de estruturas gramaticais; 4- uso inadequado de estratgias de leitura; TEXT Police Approach and Methods of Containment The Military Police of Bahia has genuine concern for the lives and liberties of all who live or pass through our state. In exercise of the constitutional function of patrolling, maintaining public order, we can never rid the enforcement of fundamental rights of citizens, without which no state reach its full development. We always need to improve the methods to keep the population more secure, supported and protected. With such a task, this week, we will address two important issues, which must always be debated and studied by law enforcement officers, the main aspects to be observed during a police approach and forms of restraint. Let's see ... Police Approach a) During the approach, the police officer must quickly prepare, in his mind, a plan that meets the priorities of security and rely on some procedural options for the success of police action; b) the priorities of security for an approach to an offender should be in the following order: public safety, officer safety and security of the offender; c) Before any approach, the police must observe the offender and the surrounding area, with a view to: 1. Volumes at the waist of the offender, who may be possible cronies covering up, escape routes of the offender, pursuant to the police, bystanders, etc. 2. Select a location that offers greater security to the public, the police and the offender.

Forms of Contention a) The suggested forms of restraint are for reference and does not have rigid application for each case; b) The analysis of the situation, the safety factor and common sense indicate which of the following techniques are most suitable for the occurrence in concrete; c) Depending on the degree of risk of occurrence of the physique of the offender, the group's tactical action officer, local conditions and climatic conditions, to effect the arrest of an offender, the police can serve basically three ways : Standing a) Suitable only when the site of capture physical obstacles which the offender can be supported (walls, tall vehicles etc); b) Performed at least two policemen, one of which (the police negotiator) the offender must determine that: 1. Pull the whole body facing a wall, 2. Keep your legs together, heels touching the wall 3. Keep looking for the policeman who is negotiating the capture 4. Place your hands on your head 5. Interlock the fingers on his head; c) Meanwhile, the other is the security police, also attuned to the rear of the patrol, and after the offender is placed, the officer leading the conversation puts the gun in the holster and approaches to handcuff him while the officer who gives the orders to do the security; d) The police put one foot near the heel of the offender to stop his movements of the leg, do a preliminary search on the back and waist line of the offender with a view to possible hidden weapons, making the placement of handcuffs; e) conduct the arm handcuffed behind holding between the handcuffs, as if the offender to try this reaction against the police may use handcuffs to detain him; f) After being handcuffed, the offender should be searched more thoroughly; g) The conduct of the offender should be made with the police holding between the handcuffs. Kneeling a) Used when the offender is in the open; b) The offender must be guided by one of the officers to front or back to the police, get on your knees, hands over his head and fingers interlaced and put one leg over the other; c) The following is a policeman behind the approach of the offender, placing his foot under the right foot crossed the offender; d) The officer places his left hand on the offender's hands, holding it and forcing it down, thus performing a preliminary search in the back and waist line; e) After the completion of the preliminary search, the officer shall suspend the offender's hands lightly, allowing the cuff to be placed without risk of

injury to the offender; f) After handcuffed the offender to undergo thorough personal search. Lying a) Used when the offender is outdoors, wilderness, or when there are multiple offenders and a clear intention to flee b) The offender must be guided by one of the officers to: 1.Deite is facing the ground, 2. Place your hands on your head 3. Interlock the fingers 4. Cross your legs 5. Lift your feet. c) After a police officer makes the approach to the offender, placing your foot between the knees of the offender, using your knee to prevent it from uncross your legs; d) then makes a preliminary search on the back and waist line, puts his handcuffs and, subsequently, make thorough search; e) In any case, if the offender trying to reaction during detention the police should push him away quickly to the rear and pulling the gun from the holster pointing it at the offender in order to resume his contention. Next week will deal with the technical approach to vehicles. (Contributors to the Cap de Almeida AM Juarez Giffoni - DAL - Ten AM and Joseph Alden - APM) Nilton Regis Mascarenhas Commanding General DICIONRIO DE INGLS PARA A ATIVIDADE POLICIAL MILITAR PALAVRAS TRADUES

TERMOS USADOS NA ATIVIDADE POLICIAL 1. Algemas 2. Roubo 3. Roubado 4. Furto 5. Perdido 6. Estuprada 7. Estupro 8. Agresso 9. Agredido 10. Abordagem policial 11. Drogas 12. Armas 13. Suspeito 14. Correu 15. Escuro 16. Informaes 17. Celular 18. Colar 19. Relgio 20. Viatura 21. Ambulncia handcuffs theft stolen theft lost raped rape aggression beaten Police aprroach drugs weapons suspect ran dark informations cellular neckless/paste clock car ambulance

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.

Hospital Conduo Acompanhamento Acompanhado Correndo Desapareceu Queixa Trfico Ajuda Dvidas Localizar Braos Pernas Cabea Carteira Bolsa Documentos Cmera Partida de futebol Ponto de nibus Ponto de txi Restaurante Farmcia Shopping Cinema Zoolgico Praia Prostituta Bater Taa Copa do mundo Carnaval Shows Ladro Seqestro Seqestrador Assalto Cofre Aberto Trancado Homicdio Morte Morto Ferido Atropelamento Atropelado Doente Vtima Arrombado Atravessar Arrastar Praia

hospital driving accompaniment accompanied running disappeared complaint traffic help questions locate arms legs head wallet bag documents camera football match bus stop taxi stand restaurant pharmacy/drugstore mall movies zoological beach prostitute/ night butterfly/ bitch beat cup world cup carnival shows thief sequestration kidnapper assault safe open locked murder death dead injured running over hit ill victim locked in cross drag beach

74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94.

Otrio Volante Muro Rua Beco Parede Vestindo Usando Normalmente Freqentemente Raramente Sempre Nunca Hoje Ontem Amanh Parecer/aparentar Idade Abordagem policial Suspeito Revistar

sucker steering Wheel Wall street alley wall wearing using normally often rarely always never today yesterday tomorrow looks like... age police approach suspect, suspicious review troops, to examine

EXPRESSES USUAIS PARA ATENDIMENTO AO CIDADO ESTRANGEIRO:

1. O SENHOR/SENHORA PRXIMA.

DEVE

SE

DIRIGIR

DELEGACIA

MAIS

THE LORD (SIR/MR)/ LADY(MRS) SHOULD BE SENT TO THE NEAREST POLICE STATION. 2. O QUE ACONTECEU COM VOC?/FALE CALMAMENTE POR FAVOR. WHAT HAPPENED TO YOU? / PLEASE SPEAK SLOWLY. 3. VOC PODERIA DESCREVER O AUTOR DO CRIME? COULD YOU DESCRIBE THE AUTHOR OF THE CRIME? 4. SE VOC O VIR NOVAMENTE PODER RECONHC-LO? IF YOU SEE HIM AGAIN YOU CAN SECURE RECOGNITION? 5. COMO POSSO AJUD-LO?

HOW CAN I HELP YOU? 6. VOC PODERIA ME ACOMPANHAR DELEGACIA PARA FAZER O REGISTRO DA QUEIXA? WOULD YOU ACCOMPANY ME TO THE POLICE REGISTRATION OF 7. VIRE-SE E PONHA SUAS MOS NA PAREDE! TURN UP AND PUT YOUR HANDS 8. PONHA SUAS MOS SOBRE A CABEA! STATION FOR THE COMPLAINT? ON THE WALL! HEAD!

PUT YOUR HANDS ON THE 9. AFASTE SUAS PERNAS E PONHA A CABEA NA PAREDE!

KEEP YOUR LEGS AND PUT YOUR HEAD ON THE WALL! 10. PONHA SUAS MOS ONDE EU POSSA VER, COLOQUE A CHAVE LENTAMENTE SOBRE O TETO DO VECULO, ABRA A PORTA DEVAGAR, SAIA DO CARRO E PONHA SUAS MOS NA CABEA. PUT YOUR HANDS WHERE I CAN SEE, PUT THE KEY SLOWLY ON THE ROOF OF THE CAR, OPEN THE DOOR SLOWLY, GET OUT OF THE CAR AND PUT YOUR HANDS ON YOUR HEAD. 11. O QUE FOI QUE ROUBARAM DO SENHOR/SENHORA? WHAT WAS STOLED OF YOU SIR/MAAM? ALGUNS ADJETIVOS USADOS PARA DESCRIO

Branco Negro Magro Gordo Alto Baixo Forte Fraco Loiro Ruivo

White Black Thin Fat Tall short Strong Weak Blond Red-hairred. VAMOS COMPLEMENTAR!!!...

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CONSTRUO DE PEQUENOS DILOGOS ENVOLVENDO POLICIAIS E SITUAES COM TURISTAS

Esta atividade englobara todos os conhecimentos gramaticais e vocabulares vistos at aqu. Sob a superviso do Instrutor o grupo dever CONSTRUIR estes dilogos baseados em situaes hipotticas ocorridas entre policiais e turistas de lingua estrangeira. Situaes propostas: Turistas pedindo informaes sobre localizao de equipamento turstico; Turistas pedindo ajuda aps serem vtimas de delito; Turistas pedindo ajuda para chegar a algum lugar; Turistas passando por procedimentos de abordagem padro; Policiais solicitando a revista de turistas quando embarcados em veculo de transporte coletivo; Policiais em orientao a turistas sobre cuidados ao transitar pela cidade; Turistas solicitando informao de horas; Contato com crianas estrangeiras perdidas;

O instrutor deber conducir fazendo as inferencias sobre todos os contedos j vistos, tais como: horas, informaes, palabras interrogativas, descrio, tempos verbais, vocabulario, cores, datas, nacionalidades, dentre outros. Tambm a dever-se- ampliar o vocabulario especfico pertinente. Novas palavras:

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ EXERCCIOS

Complete as formas irregulares dos verbos: INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE Become 1 Say 3 Keep 5 Hear 7 Bring 9 Complete as formas irregulares dos verbos: INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE Hold 1 Bite 3 Knit 5 Spell 7 Shoot 9 Complete com as formas corretas dos verbos no Passado: Yesterday my friend Sally and I We (find) everything we

PAST PARTICIPLE 2 4 6 8 10 PAST PARTICIPLE 2 4 6 8 10

Complete

(go) to the supermarket to buy food. (want), except my favorite cookies. (walk) because

John usually goes to school by bus, but yesterday he it (be) a beautiful day. (arrive) at the party, they

When Mary and Jake but couldn't find him.

(look) for Mike

We didn't. My TV

(see) Star Wars last week. I

(like) it a lot, but my friends

(be) broken last week, so I

(read) all my magazines in

my free time. Janet (make) three delicious dishes for lunch last Saturday. We

(eat) all the food - there was nothing left. Tony and Tim French and piano. I (lose) my wallet yesterday, but thankfully a girl from my school (find) it and (give) me a call. (be) children, they (have) three dogs (have) a lot of (play) basketball as children. Tim also (study)

Where Monica and Sandra and a bird. They space to play.

(live) in a farm, so the dogs

Complete com as formas corretas dos verbos no futuro simples: - The phone is ringing! - Don't worry, (I, answer) it. (your idea, not, work)! It's too complicated. - I need to leave now. Is there a bus stop nearby? - No, but (I, give) you a ride. (we, not, get) to the school on time. Look at the traffic! - Paul just called: (he, be) here soon.

(we, not, start) the meeting before 2 pm. Everybody is busy right now.

I think

(Sandy, have) a great time in Greece. It's a wonderful country. (they, not, know) how to get here.

If we don't give our friends a map, - Do you really have to leave? - Ok, (I, stay) for a few more minutes.

- I can't wait to see Mary! - Oh, (she, not, be) at the party... She had to go on a trip.

- These bags are really heavy! - Here, (we, help) you carry them.

QUESTES DE VESTIBULARES 1 (FAC. DE DIREITO DE CURITIBA) Indique a alternativa que contm resposta para: Did she eat all those plants last night ? a) Yes, she eat all those plants last night b) B) Yes, she eats all those plants last night c) Yes, she eated all those plants last night d) Yes, she eaten all those plants last night e) Yes, she ate all those plants last night 2 (PUC PR) Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative: Where _____ they _____ ? a) Go Did b) Do Did c) Did Did d) Did Went e) Did Go 3 (UF BA) Choose the right alternative which corresponds to the past tense of teach

a) Tried b) Taught c) Thought d) Thanked e) Took 4 - (MACKENZIE) A forma negativa de He sold his car last week a) He didnt sell his car last week b) He doesnt sell his car last week c) He doesnt sells his car last week d) He doesnt sold his car last week e) He didnt sold his car last week 5 (PUC SP) Last Christmas he ______ a lot a) Eat b) Eats c) Ate d) Is eating text: Did Charles Darwin Delay in Publishing Origins of Species? Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) began working on his theories of the Origins of Species in 1837; however his works were published more than twenty years after that. There is much speculation as to why it took so long to publish the groundbreaking book; some suggest that he was afraid to challenge the scientific community and upset the Church. After first positing his ideas regarding how species underwent a natural selection and could possibly adapt over time, the text provoked adverted reactions from his intellectual mentors, Charles Lyell and Sir John Herschel. Still, Darwin continued working on his theory; if he really was affected by the potential of a negative response to his ideas, some believe that it seems more plausible that he would have abandoned esearch completely. Throughout the period during which he was working on the Origins of Species, he published essays revealing his work in progress. Many now

believe that Darwin did not delay publishing, but rather, took over two decades to complete his work. (Adaptado de http://www.suite101.com/greatthinkers/4. Acesso em 21/09/2010.) a) Que hiptese levantada por algumas pessoas para justificar o fato de Darwin ter demorado mais de duas dcadas para publicar Origins of Species? b) Indique duas evidncias que contrariam essa hiptese.