BK

TP.HCM
2008
dce
Chng 2
Truyn dn s liu
Khi nim v thut ng
Truyn dn d liu tng t v d liu s
Suy hao ng truyn
Dung lng knh truyn
Mi trng truyn dn c nh hng
Truyn dn khng dy
Lan truyn khng dy
Truyn ng thng (line-of-sight)
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 2
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Thut ng
Thnh phn trong m hnh truyn d liu (di gc
vt l)
Thit b
Thit b pht (Transmitter)
Thit b thu (Receiver)
Mi trng truyn (Medium)
Kt ni
Kt ni trc tip (Direct link)
Khng cn cc thit b trung gian
Kt ni im-im (Point-to-point)
Kt ni trc tip
Ch c 2 thit b dng chung kt ni
Kt ni nhiu im (Multi-point)
> 2 thit b dng chung kt ni

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 3
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Ch truyn
Simplex mode
Khng dng rng ri v khng th gi ngc li li hoc tn
hiu iu khin cho bn pht
Television, teletext, radio

Half-duplex mode
B m
Full-duplex mode
in thoi
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 4
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tn hiu Khi nim min thi gian
T/h lin tc
Thay i mn theo thi
gian
T/h ri rc
Thay i tng mc
theo thi gian
T/h tun hon
Mu lp li theo thi
gian
T/h khng tun hon
Mu khng lp li
theo thi gian

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 5
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Biu din tn hiu min tn s
Tn hiu thc t c cu to bi nhiu thnh
phn c tn s khc nhau
Cc tn hiu thnh phn l cc sng hnh sin
Tt c cc tn hiu (tng t ln s) u c
th c phn tch thnh tng ca nhiu sng
sin (khai trin Fourier)
C th biu din tn hiu theo min tn s
Trc honh: cc tn s c trong tn hiu
Trc tung: bin nh ca tn hiu tng ng vi
mi tn s

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 6
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V d



2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 7
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tn s, ph v bng thng
Ph
Tm tn s cha trong tn hiu
Bng thng tuyt i
rng ph (c o bng s chnh lch tn s cao nht
v thp nht)
Bng thng knh truyn cng ln, tc truyn cng cao
Bng thng hiu dng
Gi tt l bng thng
Di tm tn s hp cha hu ht nng lng ca tn hiu
Thnh phn mt chiu
Thnh phn c tn s bng 0
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 8
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Ph m ca thoi v m nhc
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 9
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tn hiu c thnh phn DC
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 10
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tn hiu s
Tn s f
Chu k T = ?
Thi gian truyn 1 bit T
bit
= ?
Tc truyn d liu?
Bng thng?
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 11
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tng hp tn hiu s
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 12
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Bng thng v tc truyn
Trng hp 1:
ng truyn c bng thng 4MHz
Tn hiu c thnh phn f, 3f, 5f vi f = 1MHz
Trng hp 2:
ng truyn c bng thng 8MHz
Tn hiu c thnh phn f, 3f, 5f, vi f = 2MHz
Trng hp 3
ng truyn c bng thng 4MHz
Tn hiu c thnh phn f, 3f vi f = 2MHz
Kt lun?
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 13
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn dn d liu tng t v s
D liu
Cc thc th cha ng thng tin
D liu tng t: gi tr lin tc trong 1 thi khong
D liu s: gi tr ri rc theo thi gian
Tn hiu
D liu c biu din dng tn hiu in hoc in t
Tn hiu tng t
Thay i lin tc theo thi gian
Truyn trn nhiu mi trng: hu tuyn, quang, khng gian
Tn hiu s
S dng 2 thnh phn DC
Truyn dn
Trao i d liu bng cch lan truyn v x l tn hiu

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 14
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn dn d liu tng t v s
Thng thng
Tn hiu tng t
truyn d liu tng t
Tn hiu s truyn d
liu s
Trong mt s trng
hp
Tn hiu tng t
mang d liu s
Tn hiu s mang d
liu tng t

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 15
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn dn tn hiu tng t v s
Truyn tn hiu tng t
Khng quan tm ni dung d liu cha ng bn trong
Suy gim tn hiu theo khong cch
Dng amplifier khuch i tn hiu (k c nhiu)
Truyn tn hiu s
Cn ch ni dung d liu cha ng bn trong
Khong cch truyn ngn
Dng repeater tng khong cch truyn
Nhiu khng b khuch i
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 16
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn dn s
u im
Cng ngh s
Cng ngh LSI/VLSI lm gim gi thnh
Ton vn d liu
Nhiu v suy gim tn hiu khng b tch ly bi cc repeater
Truyn khong cch xa hn trn cc ng truyn km cht lng
Hiu qu knh truyn
TDM > FDM
Bo mt
Cc k thut m ha bo mt d liu d p dng
Tch hp
D liu s v analog c x l tng t nhau

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 17
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Suy gim tn hiu (impairments)
T/h nhn c khc vi t/h truyn i
Analog suy gim cht lng t/h
Digital li trn bit



Nguyn nhn
Suy yu v mo do suy yu trn ng truyn
Mo do tr truyn
Nhiu

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 18
Data Communication and Computer Networks
suy yu tn hiu trn ng truyn
nh ngha (signal attenuation)
Khi mt tn hiu lan truyn qua mt mi trng truyn,
cng (bin ) ca tn hiu b suy gim theo khong
cch
Ty thuc vo mi trng truyn dn
i vi mi trng v tuyn, suy gim cng t/h l mt hm
phc tp theo khong cch v thnh phn kh quyn
Cng t/h nhn phi
mnh thit b nhn nhn bit c
cao so vi nhiu t/h khng b li
Suy yu l mt hm tng theo tn s
Dng b khuch i (khuch i tn s cao nhiu hn)
o bng n v decibel (dB)
Cng t/h suy gim theo hm m
li/ hao ht ca cc tng ni tip c th c tnh bng php
ton n gin (+/-)

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 19
Data Communication and Computer Networks
suy yu tn hiu trn ng truyn
Cng thc
Attenuation = 10log
10
(P2/P1) (dB)
P1, P2: cng sut (watts)
Decibel (dB) l gi tr sai bit tng i
Cng sut suy gim hao ht l 3dB
Cng sut tng gp i li l 3dB
Attenuation = 20log
10
(V2/V1)
Do cng sut tiu th trn in tr R l P = V
2
/R
Gi tr sai bit tuyt i
Decibel-watt (dBW)
1W l gi tr tham kho, tng ng vi 0dBW
Cng sut (dBW) = 10log
10
(cng sut theo W)
Decilbel-milivolt (dBmV)
1mV l gi tr tham kho, tng ng vi 0dBmV
in p (dBmV) = 20log
10
(in p theo mV)
y l in p gi s trn in tr 75O

2008
dce
V d
Tn hiu u vo c cng sut 4mW. Tn hiu
ny c a vo mt b lc c suy gim
12 dB, sau c a qua b khuch i
vi li 35 dB v cui cng i qua b lc
khc c hao ht 10dB. Tnh cng sut ti
ng ra cui cng ca tn hiu.

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 20
Data Communication and Computer Networks
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 21
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tr lan truyn tn hiu
Mo tr lan truyn
Ch xy ra trong mi trng truyn dn hu tuyn
Vn tc lan truyn thay i theo tn s
Vn tc cao nht gn tn s trung tm
Cc thnh phn tn s khc nhau s n ch cc thi im khc nhau
Cng thc
Transmission propagation delay
Tp = S/V
S : khong cch vt l (meter)
V : vn tc lan truyn tn hiu trn mi trng truyn, vi sng in
t: v = 2 x 10
6
(m/s)

Round trip delay
Tx = N/R
N : khi lng d liu truyn (bit)
R : tc truyn bit trn ng truyn.

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 22
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Nhiu
T/h khng mong mun thm vo gia thit b pht v
thit b thu
Nhiu nhit
Do dao ng nhit ca cc electron trong cht dn
Hm ca nhit
Phn tn ng nht trn ph tn s
Nhiu trng
Khng th loi b gii hn hiu sut ca h thng
Nhiu trong bng thng 1Hz ca bt k cht dn no
N
0
= kT
N
0
: mt cng sut nhiu (watt/Hz)
k: hng s Boltzmann (= 1.38 x 10
-23
J/K)
T: nhit (K)
Nhiu trong bng thng B (Hz) N = kTB

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 23
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Nhiu
Nhiu iu ch (intermodulation)
T/h nhiu c tn s l tng hoc hiu tn s ca cc t/h
dng chung mi trng truyn
Do tnh phi tuyn ca thit b thu/pht
Nhiu xuyn knh (crosstalk)
T/h t ng truyn ny nh hng sang cc ng
truyn khc
Cng ln (hoc nh hn) nhiu nhit
Nhiu xung
Xung bt thng (spike)
e.g. nh hng in t bn ngoi
Thi khong ngn
Cng cao
nh hng nhiu n qu trnh trao i d liu s
Xung 0.01s lm mt 50 bit d liu nu truyn tc 4800bps

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 24
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Tc d liu
Baud rate (baud)
Nghch o ca phn t d liu ngn nht (s ln thay i tn hiu
ng truyn mi giy)
Tn hiu nh phn tc 20Hz: 20 baud (20 thay i mi giy)
Bit rate (bps hoc bit/s)
c trng cho kh nng ca knh truyn
Bng baud rate trong trng hp tn hiu nh phn
Khi mi thay i ng truyn c biu din bng 2 hay nhiu bit,
tc bit khc vi tc baud
Quan h gia Baud rate v Bit rate
R = R
s
x log
2
M = R
s
x m
R : tc bit (bit/s)
R
s
: tc baud (baud/s)
M : s mc thay i tn hiu trn ng truyn
m : s bit m ha cho mt tn hiu

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 25
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Thut ng
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 26
Data Communication and Computer Networks
c im
C th truyn nhiu hn mt bit ng vi mi thay i ca
tn hiu trn ng truyn.
Tc truyn thng tin cc i b gii hn bi bng thng
ca knh truyn
Cng thc Nyquist
Nu tc truyn t/h l 2B th ch cn dng t/h vi cc tn
s nh hn (hoc bng) B l ; ngc li nu bng thng
l B th tc t/h cao nht l 2B
C = 2B x log
2
M
C : tc truyn t/h cc i (bps) khi knh truyn khng c
nhiu
W : bng thng ca knh truyn (Hz)
M : s mc thay i tn hiu trn ng truyn
hu hiu bng thng: C/B (bps Hz
-1
)

Dung lng knh truyn (kh nng knh truyn)
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 27
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Signal to Noise ratio
SNR
dB
= 10 x log
10
( ) (dB)

S : cng sut tn hiu nhn
N: cng sut nhiu
Cng thc Shannon

C = W x log
2
(1 + ) (bps)

C: tc truyn t/h cc i khi knh truyn c nhiu
T s nng lng t/h ca 1 bit so vi nng lng nhiu ca 1
Hz Eb/N0
T
b
: thi gian truyn 1 bit
R: tc bit ca d liu nh phn
E
b
= ST
b
= S/R
E
b
/N
0
= S/(RN
0
) = S/(kTR)
Tc sai bit l hm gim ca t s ny
T l tn hiu trn nhiu
N
S
N
S
2008
dce
V d
Ph ca mt ng truyn nm trong khong
3MHz n 4MHz v c t s SNR
dB
=24dB.
Tnh tc ti a ca ng truyn. t
c tc th phi dng bao nhiu mc
tn hiu truyn theo cng thc Nyquist?

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 28
Data Communication and Computer Networks
BK
TP.HCM
2008
dce
Chng 2
Truyn dn s liu
Khi nim v thut ng
Truyn dn d liu tng t v d liu s
Suy hao ng truyn
Dung lng knh truyn
Mi trng truyn dn c nh hng
Truyn dn khng dy
Lan truyn khng dy
Truyn ng thng (line-of-sight)
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 30
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Bc sng
Khong cch sng truyn c trong mt chu
k
Khong cch gia 2 im pha tng ng
trong 2 chu k lin tip
K hiu
Gi s vn tc t/h v
= vT
= v/f
c = 3*10
8
ms
-1
(tc nh sng)

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 31
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Mi trng truyn dn
Hu tuyn (guided media wire)
Cp ng
Cp quang
V tuyn (unguided media wireless)
V tinh
H thng sng radio: troposcatter, microwave, ...
c tnh v cht lng truyn d liu c xc nh bi mi
trng v tn hiu
i vi hu tuyn, mi trng nh hng ln hn
i vi v tuyn, bng thng to ra bi anten pht nh hng ln hn
Yu t nh hng trong vic thit k: tc d liu v
khong cch
Bng thng
Bng thng cao th tc d liu cao
Suy yu truyn dn
Nhiu (nhiu nhit, nhiu iu ch, nhiu xuyn knh, nhiu xung)
S thit b nhn (receiver)
Trong mi trng hu tuyn, cng nhiu thit b nhn, tn hiu truyn cng
mau suy gim
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 32
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: two-wire open line
Single pair
Flat ribon
Terminating Connector
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 33
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: twisted-pair
Insulating
outer cover
Multi core
Insulating
outer cover
Protective screen (shield)
Cch in trn mi dy
Xon li vi nhau
Thng c b li
Chng nhiu crosstalk

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 34
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: twisted-pair
ng dng
Mi trng truyn dn thng dng nht
Mng in thoi
Gia cc thu bao v hp cp (subscriber loop)
Kt ni gia cc ta nh
Tng i ni b (Private Branch eXchange PBX)
Mng cc b (LAN)
10Mbps hoc 100Mbps

u nhc im
R
D dng lp t, thao tc
Tc d liu thp
Tm ngn

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 35
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: twisted-pair
c tnh truyn dn
Analog
Cn b khuch i mi 5km ti 6km ( suy gim t/h:
~1dB/km, chun trong T: 6dB)
Digital
Dng tn hiu tng t hoc tn hiu s
Cn b lp (repeater) mi 2km hoc 3km
Khong cch gii hn
Bng thng gii hn (1MHz)
Tc d liu gii hn (100Mbps)
D b nhiu v tc ng ca mi trng ngoi


2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 36
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: twisted-pair
Khng v bc gip Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Dy T bnh thng
R nht
D lp t
D b nhiu trng in t bn ngoi
V bc gip Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
V gip bn gip gim nhiu v tc ng bn ngoi
t hn
Kh lp t (cng, nng)


2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 37
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: twisted-pair
UTP Cat 3
Ln n 16MHz
c dng trong lin lc thoi hu ht
cc vn phng
Chiu di xon (twist length): 7.5cm ti
10cm
UTP Cat 4
Ln n 20 MHz
UTP Cat 5
Ln n 100MHz
c dng ph bin hin nay trong cc
vn phng
Chiu di xon: 0.6cm n 0.85cm
Thch hp cho tc truyn ln n 100
Mbps (LAN)

STP Cat 3: thch hp cho tc truyn
ln n 10 Mbps






2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 38
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: twisted-pair cable
Cable standards
Tn Loi Mbps
Thng c dng
Category 1 UTP 1 Modem
Category 2 UTP 4 Token Ring-4
Category 3 UTP 10 10Base-T Ethernet
Category 4 STP 16 Token Ring-16
Category 5 UTP 100 100Base-T Ethernet
Category 5 STP 100 100Base-T Ethernet
Category 5e UTP 100 1000Base-T Ethernet
Category 6 UTP 200 1000Base-T Ethernet
Category 7 STP 600 1000Base-T Ethernet
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 39
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: coaxial
2008
dce
Cp ng: coaxial
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 40
Data Communication and Computer Networks
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 41
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: coxial
ng dng
Mi trng truyn linh hot nht
Cp truyn hnh
Truyn dn T khong cch xa
FDM
C th mang ng thi 10.000 cuc gi
S b thay th bi cp quang
Kt ni cc thit b khong cch gn
Mng cc b

c tnh truyn dn
Hiu ng b mt (skin effect)
Analog
Cn b khuch i mi vi km
Khong cch cng ngn nu tn s cng cao
Ln n 600MHz
Digital
Cn b lp (repeater) mi km
Khong cch cng ngn nu tc d liu cng tng

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 42
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp ng: c im chung
T l bit li trn ng truyn (Bit Error Rate
BER) vo khong 10
-6
.
D b nh hng ca nhiu (crosstalk,
thermal,...) v mi trng xung quanh.
Tc truyn thng tin thay i ty theo phm
vi h thng c trin khai :
LAN: tc 10Mbps ~ 100Mbps, khong cch
khong vi trm mt (UTP: length < 100 m).
WAN: tc truyn thp hn, t vi chc Kbps
n vi Mbps. V d: T1 ~ 1,5Mbps, E1 ~ 2Mbps,
telephone line: 64Kbps

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 43
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp quang: cu trc
Single core
Multicore
Plastic
coating
Optical core Optical cladding
Single core
Multicore
Plastic
coating
Optical core Optical cladding
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 44
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp quang: li ch v ng dng
Li ch
Dung lng cao
Tc d liu hng trm Gbps (so vi 100Mbps trn 1km coaxial cable v thp
hn ca twisted-pair cable)
Kch thc v trng lng nh
suy hao ca tn hiu trn ng truyn thp.
Cch ly trng in t (khng b nh hng ca nhiu v mi trng xung
quanh, kh cu trm)
Khong cch gia cc b repeater xa
T l bit li trn ng truyn vo khong 10
-9
10
-12
ng dng
Phm vi trin khai rt a dng: LAN (vi km), WAN (hng chc km).
Mi trng truyn thch hp trin khai cc ng dng mng s a dch v
tch hp bng rng (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks)
ng trung k khong cch xa
Trung k th
Trung k tng i nng thn
Thu bao
LAN

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 45
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp quang: c tnh truyn dn
Sng lan truyn c hng 10
14
n 10
15
Hz
Mt phn ph hng ngoi v ph nhn thy c
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
R
Tm nhit hot ng rng
Tui th cao
Injection Laser Diode (ILD)
Hiu qu hn
Tc d liu cao hn
Wavelength Division Multiplexing

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 46
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp quang : ch truyn
multimode: several paths/time delays

narrow: 1 wavelength no time delays
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 47
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp quang : ch truyn
Step-index
multimode
Graded-index multimode Single-mode
Ngun sng LED/ILD LED/ILD ILD
Bng thng Rng (ln n
200MHz/km)
Rt rng (200MHz-
3GHz/km)
Cc rng (3GHz-
50GHz/km)
Ghp ni Kh Kh Kh
ng dng Truyn d liu
my tnh
ng in thoi
(khong cch trung bnh)
Vin thng ng
di
Gi thnh R nht Trung bnh t nht
ng knh li
(m)
50-125 50-125 2-8
ng knh v
(m)
125-440 125-440 15-60
suy gim
(db/km)
10-50 7-15 0.2-2
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 48
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Cp quang
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 49
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Mi trng truyn dn hu tuyn
c tnh truyn dn im-im

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 50
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn
Truyn v nhn thng qua anten
C hng
Chm nh hng (focused beam)
i hi s canh chnh hng cn
thn
V hng
Tn hiu lan truyn theo mi hng
C th c nhn bi nhiu anten
Tm tn s
2GHz n 40GHz
Vi sng (microwave)
nh hng cao
im-im
V tinh
30MHz n 1GHz
V hng
radio
3 x 10
11
n 2 x 10
14
(Hz)

Hng ngoi
Cc b

Khc phc nhng kh khn v a
l khi trin khai h thng
T l bit li trn ng truyn
(BER) thay i ty theo h thng
c trin khai. V d: BER of
satellite ~ 10
-10
Tc truyn thng tin t c
thay i, t vi Mbps n hng
trm Mbps
Phm vi trin khai a dng: LAN
(vi km), WAN (hng chc km)
Chi ph trin khai h thng ban
u rt cao

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 51
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: cc bng tn truyn thng
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 52
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: sng viba mt t
Cho parabol (thng bn knh 3m)
Chm sng nh hng theo ng ngm (line of sight)
suy gim t/h


d: khong cch
: bc sng
suy gim t l thun bnh phng khong cch cn
amplifier/repeater mi 10-100km
suy gim thay i theo mi trng (cng tng khi c ma)
ng dng:
Thay th cho cp ng trc trong vin thng khong cch xa (cn t b
amp/repeater, nhng phi nm trn ng thng)
Truyn im - im khong cch ngn
in thoi di ng
Tn s cng cao th tc d liu cng cao
( ) dB L
d
2
4
log 10

t
=
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 53
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: sng viba mt t
Band (GHz) Bandwidth (MHz) Data rate (Mbps)
2 7 12
6 30 90
11 40 90
18 220 274
Hiu sut sng viba s
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 54
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: sng v tinh
V tinh l trm trung chuyn
V tinh nhn trn mt tn s, khuch i (lp li tn hiu) v pht trn mt
tn s khc
Cn qu o a tnh
Cao 35.863 km
ng dng
Truyn hnh
in thoi ng di
Mng ring (VSAT)
c tnh
Thng trong khong tn s 1-10 GHz
< 1 GHz: qu nhiu nhiu t mi trng t nhin
>10 GHz: hp th bi tng kh quyn
Cp tn s thu/pht
(3.7-4.2 downlink, 5.925-6.425 uplink) 4/6 GHz band
(11.7-12.2 downlink, 14-14.5 uplink) 12/14 GHz band
Tn s cao hn i hi tn hiu phi mnh khng b suy gim
Tr 240-300ms, ng ch trong vin thng


2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 55
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: v tinh
Satellite
Footprint
Earth
Earth ground
station
Up
link
down
link
point-to-point
Satellite
Hub station
point-to-multipoint
Up
link
down
link
down
link
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT : very smal aperture terminal
E
q
u
a
t
o
r
i
a
l

O
r
b
i
t
2
2
,
3
0
0

m
i
l
e
s
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 56
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: sng radio
V hng, 30MHz 1GHz
Antena khng cn c hnh a v khng cn chnh hng
Sng FM, truyn hnh UHF v VHF
t b suy gim do ma, xuyn qua kh quyn
Truyn theo ng ngm (line of sight)
B nh hng bi nhiu a knh (multipath)
Phn x

Radio tower
Radio tower
Ionosphere
Troposphere
Refracted
wave
Reflected
wave
Direct wave
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 57
Data Communication and Computer Networks
V tuyn: sng hng ngoi
Truyn theo ng thng (hoc phn x)
Cn bi cc bc tng
B iu khin TV t xa, cng iu khin bng
hng ngoi (IRD port)

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 58
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Mi trng truyn dn
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 59
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Lan truyn khng dy
Lan truyn sng mt t (ground wave)
Tn hiu i theo b mt cong ca tri t
Tn s ln n 2MHz
AM radio

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 60
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Lan truyn khng dy
Sng khng gian (sky wave)
Radio nghip d, BBC world, VoA
Tn hiu b tng in ly phn x li mt t
(thc t l b khc x)

2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 61
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Lan truyn khng dy
Truyn theo ng ngm
Tn s trn 30Mhz
C th truyn xa hn ng ngm nh sng v b
hiu ng khc x


2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 62
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn theo ng ngm
Khong cch max ca ng ngm

h: chiu cao ca anten
k: hng s hiu chnh khc x ca sng (k=4/3)
V d: thp anten cao 100m c th truyn n mt
im trn mt t cch xa 41km
Khong cch max gia 2 anten

h1, h2:chiu cao cc anten
kh d 57 . 3 =
) 2 1 ( 57 . 3 kh kh d + =
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 63
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn theo ng ngm
Suy gim tn hiu trong khng gian (free
space loss)
Tn hiu b phn tn theo khong cch
i vi cng 1 anten, suy gim cng nhiu i vi
tn s thp (bc sng di)








( ) dB d f L
c
fd
56 . 147 ) log( 20 ) log( 20 log 10
2
4
+ = =
t
( ) ( )
2
4
2
4
c
fd
d
r
t
P
P
t

t
= =
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 64
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Truyn theo ng ngm
Hp th ca kh quyn
Hi nc v oxy hp th sng v tuyn
Hi nc nh hng ln nht ti 22GHz, t hn i vi tn s
<15GHz
Oxy nh hng ln nht ti tn s 60GHz, t hn i vi tn s
<30GHz
Ma v sng m lm phn tn sng radio
Multipath
Tn hiu c th b phn x, to thnh nhiu tn hiu copy ti ni nhn
C th khng nhn c tn hiu trc tip no
C th lm tng hoc gim tn hiu
Khc x
C th dn n vic ch nhn c 1 phn tn hiu hoc khng nhn
c tn hiu


2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 65
Data Communication and Computer Networks
Multipath

2008
dce
Bi tp
3.11, 13a, 13b, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21
4.2, 7, 13, 16
Np qua email, theo nhm thc hnh, nh ghi
tn cc thnh vin
Phn subject: [KTTSL] Bai tap chuong 2
Hn cht: 00:00 ngy 9/10/2009 (m ngy
8/10). Np tr 0 im.
khoi@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 66
Data Communication and Computer Networks
2008
dce
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 67
Data Communication and Computer Networks
c thm
W. Stallings, Data and Computer
Communications (7
th
edition), Prentice Hall
2004, chapter 3, 4, 5
B. Brown, Introduction to Data
Communications
Web pages from ITU-T on V. specification